Psychological Symptoms In Adults Research Articles

Child and Adolescent Exposure to Sexual Harassment: Relationship to Gender, Contact Sexual Abuse, and Adult Psychological Symptoms.

In contrast to adults, there is considerably less research on childhood or adolescent exposure to sexual harassment (CAESH), its lasting psychological correlates, and whether such experiences should be included in definitions of childhood sexual abuse. The current study examined the prevalence and symptomatic sequels of unwanted flirting, being "checked out" sexually, unwanted sexual attention, sexual comments, propositions, and related noncontact behaviors that occurred before age 18, as well as the multivariate relationship between CAESH and contact child sexual abuse (C-CSA) in a diverse online sample of 528 individuals. CAESH was very common, with over 95% of women and 64% of men reporting at least one experience of noncontact sexual harassment before age 18. When childhood sexual abuse was operationalized as the presence of either C-CSA or a total CAESH score of 18 or higher (corresponding to an average score of "3-5 times" prior to age 18), the prevalence was 67% for women and 26% for men, more than three times higher than C-CSA alone. This expanded definition was associated with significantly more anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress relative to C-CSA alone. These results suggest that CAESH is a significant source of symptoms in adults and support the emerging perspective that childhood sexual abuse may be best understood as including both contact and noncontact events.

The Examination of Psychological Symptoms in Adults in terms of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Cognitive Fusion, Experiential Avoidance, and Perceived Social Support

The aim of the present study is to determine the relationships between psychological symptoms in adults, adverse childhood experiences, cognitive engagement, experiential avoidance, and perceived social support. Another aim of the study is to examine whether psychological symptoms differ according to demographic variables such as age, gender and education level. The sample of the study consists of adults between the ages of 18-65. Brief Symptom Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used as data collection instruments. Analyses showed that adverse childhood experiences, cognitive fusion and perveived social support predict psychological symptoms in adults. In addition, depression, anxiety, negative self and hostility symptoms were found to be higher in the participants aged 18-24 compared to the participants in the 25-40 and 41-65 age groups. It was thought that this study will contribute to understanding the nature of psychological symptoms and identfiying the intervention areas of psychotherapies.

S634 Prevalence of Food Intolerance and Associations with Global Health and Psychological Symptoms in Adults with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) or Hypermobile EDS in the United States

S634 Prevalence of Food Intolerance and Associations with Global Health and Psychological Symptoms in Adults with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) or Hypermobile EDS in the United States

An Investigation of the Fear of Covid-19 Levels of Adults in Terms of Psychological Symptoms and Some Demographic Variables

In this research, it is aimed to examine the relationship between the fear of Covid-19 and psychological symptoms and whether the fear of Covid-19 differs according to some demographic variables. 574 people (300 female, 274 male) aged at least 18 years and older participated in the research. The data of the research were provided by using the Covid-19 Fear Scale, Symptom Distress Check List (SCL-90-R) and PersonaliInformation Form. The data were analyzed in the SPSS 24 program. In the study, the fear of Covid-19 and adult psychological symptoms were found to be positively and significantly correlated. In addition, it was found that the Covid-19 fear levels of the participants didn’t differ according to gender; on the other hand, it was found that there was a significant difference according to the person staying together during the Covid-19 pandemic process, the place of residence, having children, presence of chronic illness, quarantine as a result of contact, and being infected.

Effects of multisensory environment/stimulation therapy on adults with cognitive impairment and/or special needs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This review aimed to evaluate the effects of multisensory environments/stimulation (MSE/MSS) therapy, on the behavior and psychological symptoms in adults with cognitive impairment and/or special needs. Online database searches were performed to identify studies reporting on the effects of MSS/MSE therapy in adults (>18 years). Data were extracted for the following investigated outcomes including anxiety, depression, mood, behavioral attributes, biomedical parameters, cognition, motor skills, quality of life (QoL), pain, and end of life quality. Two reciprocally blinded investigators extracted the data. Inter-investigator reliability (𝝹) was calculated. A meta-analysis and a qualitative analysis were performed on the information extracted. Thirty-six studies were included for data extraction and analysis. Meta-analysis of the included studies revealed a significant improvement with the MSE/MSS therapy, for agitation (p=.018), anxiety (p=.023), cognition (p<.001), and depression (p<.001). MSS/MSE therapy demonstrated a tendency for the improvement of the QoL in adults (p=.05). MSE/MSS therapies are beneficial in cognitively impaired adults and improve their anxiety, depression, cognitive and other behavioral attributes such as agitative behaviors. Promoting these therapies in geriatric care may help to improve/reduce the challenging/care-resistant behaviors in adults and facilitate effective provision of the necessary care.

Efficacy of a novel proprietary dietary supplement (TRI 360TM) on psychological symptoms and stress-related quality of life in adult subjects: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Nowadays, diet plays an increasingly important role in normal physiology and mental health. Recently, many studies have shown that more use of dietary supplements in mental and psychological disorders. Study objective was to investigate safety and efficacy of proprietary nutraceutical combination (TRI 360TM) on psychological symptoms in adult human subjects with one or more psychological symptoms in open-label, single-center, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Eighty-four participants aged 20–45 years with psychological symptoms were completed this trial. Participants were randomly assigned to placebo and treatment groups. Treatment group received TRI 360TM capsules twice a day. TRI 360TM was well-tolerated and didn't show treatment-related adverse-events upto 180 days. All assessed perception scorings on psychological symptoms like fatigue, mental stress, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, emotional trauma, mood changes, self-confidence, willpower, and motivation were very significantly (p ≤ 0.0001) improved in TRI 360TM participants than placebo control group. Furthermore, significantly (p ≤ 0.001) increased levels of functional biomarkers: vitamin C and D3 metabolites, neurotransmitters, hormones, antiaging protein (klotho) level; and decreased proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde in TRI 360TM group than placebo. According to these findings, the use of TRI 360TM supplementation as a potentially safe therapeutic option for reducing psychological symptoms in healthy adults.

African cultural values in the biopsychosocial-spiritual care model to manage psychological symptoms in adults with sickle cell disease in Ghana, West Africa

ABSTRACT The study examined whether African cultural values promise psychological health of adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Ghana. Using simultaneous equation modelling and survey data from purposively sampled 220 adults with SCD, we tested the usefulness of an African-enhanced biopsychosocial-spiritual model, thereby filling the gap of absence of a culturally relevant management model for patients. The study revealed that the model holistically predicts the psychological health of the patients better than single therapy models. Social support and ritual-centred Africultural coping significantly benefitted women than men and reduced psychological symptoms among those with HbSS. We conclude that an African-centred Biopsychosocial-spiritual model is more helpful in managing SCD patients. We further settle that some African cultural values are significant moderators in coping with psychological issues in sickle cell illness. This research distinctively contributes theoretical, methodological, and cultural knowledge to clinical practice and research from an African cultural perspective.

Association of asthma with low serum vitamin D and its related musculoskeletal and psychological symptoms in adults: a case-control study

There are complex potential inter-relationships between the chronic inflammation of asthma and poor control, vitamin D deficiency, musculoskeletal pain and anxiety and depression. The aim was to investigate associations between vitamin D and these possible co-morbidities. This case-controlled study involved 75 adults with asthma and 75 controls. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured, levels of anxiety, depression, musculoskeletal pain, and asthma control were assessed. Participants with asthma had lower 25(OH)D and higher anxiety scores and higher measures of musculoskeletal pain compared to controls. Binary logistic regression showed that asthma was associated with decreased 25(OH)D (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.86), general weakness (OR = 13.29), complaint of musculoskeletal pain (OR = 13.73), and increased intensity of musculoskeletal pain (OR = 0.61) and number of painful sites (OR = 2.58). Asthma was not associated with anxiety or depression. Further studies are required to investigate if vitamin D supplementation can improve asthma symptoms and musculoskeletal pain.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive-Behavioral and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Quality of Life of Patients With Crohn Disease.

Patients with Crohn disease have debilitating psychological symptoms, mental fatigue, and poor quality of life. Psychological intervention may improve these symptoms. We performed a randomized parallel-group physician-blinded trial of cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based stress reduction (COBMINDEX) on quality of life and psychological symptoms in adults with mild-moderate Crohn disease. COBMINDEX was taught by social workers in one-on-one video conferences over 3 months; quotidian home practice was mandated. Fifty-five COBMINDEX and 61 waitlist control patients completed the study; mean age was 33 years and 65% of participants were women. At 3 months, COBMINDEX patients had significantly reduced disease activity (per Harvey-Bradshaw Index score, C-reactive protein level, and calprotectin level), increased quality of life (Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire [SIBDQ] score increased from baseline 41 to 50; P < 0.001), decreased psychological symptoms (Global Severity Index [GSI], 0.98-0.70; P < 0.001), reduced fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, 26-33; P < 0.001), and increased mindfulness disposition (Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, 33-38; P < 0.001). Waitlist patients had a significant but small change in Harvey-Bradshaw Index, SIBDQ, and GSI scores, without improvement in fatigue or mindfulness. There were significant correlations (0.02 > P < 0.002) in COBMINDEX patients between baseline SIBDQ, GSI, Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scores with a relative change (baseline to 3 months) of the SIBDQ score, but none among waitlist patients. Predictors of relative change of the SIBDQ score in COBMINDEX patients included the GSI score (90% quantile; coefficient 0.52; P < 0.001), somatization (90%; 0.20; P = 0.001), depression (75%; 0.16; P = 0.03), and phobic anxiety (75%; 0.31; P = 0.008). COBMINDEX was effective in increasing patients' quality of life and reducing psychological symptoms and fatigue. Patients with severe baseline psychological symptoms benefited the most from COBMINDEX.

Psikolojik Belirtiler ve Dürtüsellik İle Problemli Sosyal Medya Kullanımı Arasındaki İlişki

Objective: In this pilot study, the relationship between problematic social media use, impulsivity, and psychological symptoms in adults was investigated. Method: In this study conducted with 178 people, demographic information form, Social Media Addiction Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Brief Symptom Inventory were applied to the participants. Results: Social media addiction levels of the participants were found to be significantly higher in women, singles, graduate graduates, those who spend more than 8 hours in social media, and Twitter and Instagram users. When the relationship between problematic social media use, impulsivity, and psychological symptoms was examined, virtual tolerance and virtual communication sub-dimensions of social media addiction were positively and significantly related to all sub-dimensions of impulsivity and psychological symptoms. In addition, the increase in the social media addiction scores of the participants was significantly predicted by the dimensions of unplanned impulsivity, depression, anxiety and somatization. Conclusion: There are significant psychological factors that may be associated with the problematic use of social media, which has become an important part of the daily life of adults.

Dimensional latent factor structure of psychopathology in adults with chronic illness.

The goal of the present study was to determine if the internalizing and externalizing model of psychopathology is applicable in a sample of adults with chronic illness. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the factor structure of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a sample of adults (N = 172) with a unique chronic physical health condition (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; POTS) and in a sample of adults without any chronic illness diagnoses (N = 199). Measurement invariance was used to compare levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms across samples. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that psychological distress in individuals with chronic illness can be effectively characterized by an internalizing dimension composed of distress and fear subcomponents as well as an externalizing dimension. Measurement invariance testing reached adequate levels of fit, allowing for examination of latent means; individuals with chronic illness had higher scores on the internalizing dimension and lower scores on the externalizing dimension than healthy controls. Regression analyses suggested that among those with a chronic illness, internalizing symptoms were significantly, negatively related to acceptance of illness and higher health-related quality of life. Findings suggest that assessing internalizing symptoms broadly may allow for better identification of chronically ill individuals experiencing psychological distress than a focus on categorical diagnoses. However, professionals also need to be aware of the overlap between physical and psychological symptoms in adults with chronic illnesses in order to avoid inaccurate diagnoses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Lead Exposures and Psychological Symptoms

OPS 40: Metals: neurological effects, Room 412, Floor 4, August 28, 2019, 10:30 AM - 12:00 PM Background: Lead exposures have been associated with worse psychological symptoms in adults. Uric acid (UA) has potent antioxidant properties that could modify effects of exposures like lead. We evaluated whether UA modified the association between lead exposures and psychological symptoms. Methods: Biomarker measures of lead in bone (cumulative exposure) and blood (recent exposure) and psychological assessments were available for 793 men in the Normative Aging Study in 1991-2002. Self-reported psychological symptoms were evaluated with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). We assessed global indices of distress and dimensions previously associated with lead exposures: global severity index (GSI), positive symptom total (PST), positive symptom distress index, anxiety, phobic anxiety, depression, somatization, and hostility, with responses greater than one standard deviation above the mean considered as high symptoms. Up to three BSI assessments were considered in repeated measures generalized estimating equations with lead biomarkers, UA, and their interaction, adjusted for age, education, smoking status, cumulative smoking, white collar job, marital status, alcohol intake, and serum creatinine, all assessed at baseline. Results: Participants were 68.0 (SD: 7.0) years old, and proportion of high symptoms ranged from 7.3% (phobic anxiety) to 14.9% (PST), at the baseline BSI assessment. Interactions between patella lead and UA were significant for all global indices and dimensions except hostility. Odds ratio for high GSI for an interquartile (20 µg/g) increase in patella bone lead was 1.36 (1.01-1.84) at the 25th percentile of UA and 1.00 (0.73-1.36) at the 75th percentile of UA. Interactions between tibia bone lead or blood lead and UA were not significant. Conclusions: UA modified the adverse association between patella bone lead and psychological symptoms such that the association was less pronounced at higher levels of UA. These results suggest that strategies involving antioxidants could potentially mitigate the detrimental effects of past lead exposures on psychological symptoms.

Childhood trauma and the role of self-blame on psychological well-being after deployment in male veterans

ABSTRACT Background: Childhood trauma and combat-related trauma are both associated with decreased psychosocial functioning. Coping strategies play an important role in the adjustment to traumatic events. Objective: The present study examined childhood trauma and the mediating role of coping strategies in adult psychological symptoms in a non-clinical military population after deployment to Afghanistan. Additionally, the moderating role of coping strategies in vulnerability to combat events was explored. Method: Participants (N = 932) were drawn from a prospective study assessing psychological complaints (SCL-90), early trauma (ETISR-SF), combat-related events and coping strategies (Brief COPE). Mediation analyses via joint significance testing and moderation analyses were performed. Results: Childhood trauma is related to adult symptoms of general anxiety, depression and problems concerning interpersonal sensitivity through the mediation of self-blame as a coping strategy. Some evidence was found that self-blame moderated vulnerability to combat-related events resulting in psychological complaints, specifically symptoms of anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Military personnel should be made aware of self-criticizing maladaptive belief systems when dealing with aversive events. Negative beliefs about oneself and distorted trauma-related cognitions may have a basis in childhood events. Self-blame cognitions may be a potential mechanism of change in empirically supported trauma interventions such as cognitive processing therapy.

Parenting Style, Discipline, and Parental Psychopathology: Gender Dyadic Interactions in Emerging Adults

Regarding parental influences on child adjustment, research has examined parental and child gender separately more often than the interaction between them. Thus, the current study investigated the effects of parenting styles, discipline practices, and parental psychological symptoms in parent–child gender dyads. The sample consisted of 177 male and 313 female emerging adults who ranged in age from 18 to 24 years and reported they were primarily White and African American. Participants reported on parental characteristics including perceived parenting styles, discipline practices, and parental psychological symptoms in addition to their own psychological symptoms. Results indicated that parent and emerging adult gender moderated some relationships. Notably, interaction effects suggested that higher levels of authoritative parenting were associated with higher levels of emerging adult psychological symptoms. This unexpected finding may indicate that parents provide less authoritative parenting to high functioning emerging adults compared to those who have problems, or that emerging adults perceive high levels of authoritative parenting during this time in their lives as problematic. Thus, effective parenting may vary as a function of children’s development.

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions on physiological and psychological complications in adults with diabetes: A systematic review

This systematic review aimed to examine the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions in reducing diabetes-related physiological and psychological symptoms in adults with types 1 and 2 diabetes. Five databases were systematically searched. A total of 11 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Mindfulness-based intervention effectiveness for physiological outcomes (glycaemic control and blood pressure) was mixed. Mindfulness-based interventions appear to have psychological benefits reducing depression, anxiety and distress symptoms across several studies. Studies' short-term follow-up periods may not allow sufficient time to observe physiological changes or illustrate Mindfulness-based interventions' potential long-term efficacy. More long-term studies that include a consistent, standardised set of outcome measures are required.

Sleep, well-being, and psychological symptoms in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury.

To examine the prevalence of poor sleep quality in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) and to assess the clinical correlates. Participants completed interviews that included demographic information and standardized measures of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), physical (12-item Short-Form Health Survey, Version 2), mental (Beck Anxiety Inventory and Patient Health Questionnaire), and psychosocial well-being (Satisfaction With Life Scale). The study included 177 individuals between the ages of 19 and 50 years (M = 33.5 years, SD = 7.1) who sustained a, SCI prior to age 19 (M = 13.5 years, SD = 4.6) and had been injured for at least 1 year (M = 19.5 years, SD = 8. 2). Participants were recruited from 1 of 3 pediatric SCI programs in the United States and were predominantly male (62%) and White (84%). Sleep difficulties were fairly common, with half of participants self-reporting poor sleep quality within the last month (n = 91 [51.4%]). Both increased age (r = .20, p = .008) and tetraplegia, F(1, 175) = 6.62, p = .011, were significantly associated with poor sleep. Activity-interfering pain (r = .57, p < .001) and general health (r = .37, p < .001) were also strongly associated with poor sleep. Even after accounting for age, injury level, and pain as control variables, sleep quality explained a small, but significant, portion of the variance in depression (R2 = .06, p < .001) and anxiety (R2 = .04, p = .005), but not life satisfaction (R2 = .02, p = .075). These results suggest that adults with pediatric-onset SCI report more sleep difficulties than the standardization sample and that sleep is significantly associated with physical and psychological functioning. Consequently, better measures to detect and treat sleep problems among those with pediatric-onset SCI are recommended.

Physical and psychological symptom biomechanics in moderate to advanced heart failure.

There is a common dissociation between objective measures and patient symptomatology in heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between cardiac biomechanics and physical and psychological symptoms in adults with moderate to advanced HF. We performed a secondary analysis of data from 2 studies of symptoms among adults with HF. Stepwise regression modeling was performed to examine the influence of cardiac biomechanics (left ventricular internal diastolic diameter, right atrial pressure [RAP], and cardiac index) on symptoms. The average age of the sample (n = 273) was 57 ± 16 years, 61% were men, and 61% had class III or IV HF. Left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (β = 4.22 ± 1.63, P = .011), RAP (β = 0.71 ± 0.28, P = .013), and cardiac index (β = 7.11 ± 3.19, P = .028) were significantly associated with physical symptoms. Left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (β = 0.10 ± 0.05, P = .038) and RAP (β = 0.03 ± 0.01, P = .039) were significantly associated with anxiety. There were no significant biomechanical determinants of depression. Cardiac biomechanics were related to physical symptoms and anxiety, providing preliminary evidence of the biological underpinnings of symptomatology among adults with HF.

Interventions based on mindfulness for the elderly chronic pain: review of the literature

The chronic pain-bio-psycho-social phenomenon would index a transition between a pain alarm and a pain disease, with reshaping of the inhibitive brain areas and a takeover of psychological factors on the modulatory systems. The current treatment of elders' chronic pain suffers from many limits, and this article addresses this issue by discussing a new and innovative non-pharmacological intervention (mindfulness therapy) to reduce consequences of chronic pain in daily-life. Mindfulness therapy mainly targets two transdiagnostic mental processes - avoidance and self-centered ruminations - which leads to emotional dysregulation in chronic pain patients. Although many studies documented the beneficial effect of mindfulness therapy on psychological symptoms in adults, there is still a lack of studies testing the effect of mindfulness therapy on emotional regulation and psychological symptoms in elderly population with chronic pain. It is therefore necessary to investigate therapeutic efficacy with this population. In conclusion, we formulate several lines of research to test the hypothesis that the effect of the mindfulness therapy on targeted processes would improve elders' ability to cope with chronic pain and would reduce disturbances associated with chronic pain.

Family Environment, Personality, and Psychological Symptoms in Adults Sexually Abused as Children

The current study examined the relationships between family environment characteristics, personality traits, and current psychological symptoms in adults with a history of child sexual abuse. Family environment characteristics, personality traits, and psychological symptoms in 18 abused and 18 nonabused college students were examined using ANOVAs and MANOVAs. Pearson product moment correlations were also performed. Results indicated significantly more dysfunctional family environment characteristics (inflexibility, poor cohesion, family dissatisfaction, and poor family communication) in the abused versus the nonabused group. There were significantly higher levels in the personality traits of neuroticism and openness to experience in the abused group; however, there were no significant differences in psychological symptoms when comparing the two groups. The implications of the results and areas of future research are discussed.

Single-session reduction of the intensity of traumatic memories in abused adolescents after EFT: A randomized controlled pilot study.

The population for this study was drawn from an institution to which juveniles are sent by court order if they are found by a judge to be physically or psychologically abused at home. Sixteen males, aged 12-17, were randomized into two groups. They were assessed using subjective distress (SUD), and the Impact of Events Scale (IES), which measures two components of PTSD: intrusive memories and avoidance symptoms. The experimental group was treated with a single session of EFT (emotional freedom techniques), a brief and novel exposure therapy that has been found efficacious in reducing PTSD and co-occurring psychological symptoms in adults, but has not been subject to empirical assessment in juveniles. The wait list control group received no treatment. Thirty days later, participants were reassessed. No improvement occurred in the wait list (IES total mean pre = 32 SD ±4.82, post = 31 SD ±3.84). Posttest scores for all experimental-group participants improved to the point where all were nonclinical on the t...