Psychological Status Of Women Research Articles

Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Women with Threatened Abortion: A Case-Control Study.

Threatened abortion (TA) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite the attention paid to the adverse outcomes of obstetrics, only a few studies have been conducted on the psychological status of women with threatened abortion. This study aimed to compare the symptoms of depression and anxiety in women with TA and those without threatened abortion. In a case-control study, 136 women with TA (the case group) and 136 women without TA (the control group), were matched with the case group in terms of gestational age, education level, age, and number of pregnancies, were examined from Obstetric clinics of Babol University of Medical Sciences. Demographic information and pregnancy history were obtained from all participants. Additionally, the women filled out the BSI-18 questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 software. The results showed that in women with threatened abortion, the likelihood of experiencing depression symptoms was 1.9 times higher [odds ratio (OR)=1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-3.23, P=0.015], anxiety symptoms were 1.8 times higher (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.08-3.10, P=0.024), and somatization was 2.6 times higher (OR=2.65, 95% CI=1.61-4.37, P<0.001) compared to pregnant women without threatened abortion. Additionally, in women with threatened abortion, the risk of psychological distress was 3.3 times higher (OR=3.30, 95% CI=1.96- 5.56, P<0.001) than in women without threatened abortion. This study suggests that gynecologists, midwives, and healthcare providers, in addition to providing medical care for women threatened with abortion, should identify women at risk of experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Providing appropriate psychological support should be prioritized in the management of women with threatened abortion.

Psychological Distress Among Women With Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabia: A Phenomenological Study.

Breast cancer has a negative impact on the psychological status of women.. In Saudi Arabia, there is limited research exploring the experience of women with breast cancer regarding the psychological influence of breast cancer. To explore the experience of women with breast cancer regarding the psychological distress of breast cancer in Saudi Arabia. A descriptive phenomenological study was used. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to gather information from a purposive sample of 11 patients with breast cancer who were receiving treatment at the Princess Noorah Oncology Center (PNOC) at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study employed thematic analysis to discern significant themes concerning psychological stress. Results: The study revealed that patients' psychological distress was a significant factor influencing their daily lives. This study also revealed four themes: psychological distress from the diagnosis and treatment side effects of breast cancer, daily and work-related activities reduction, the importance of social support, and the coping strategies employed by women with cancer. Breast cancer leads to significant psychological distress. Interventional programs are needed to address the psychological distress that women with cancer experience and provide the necessary support for them to employ positive coping strategies.

Psychological status of women with miscarriage

Introduction. During pregnancy, a woman becomes vulnerable to develop symptoms of depression and anxiety, which in turn are associated with increased risk of perinatal complications, postpartum depression as well as behavioral problems in children.Aim: to assess the prevalence of symptoms related to depression and anxiety in pregnant women with threatened abortion (ТА), non-developing pregnancy (NP) as well as those with physiological course of pregnancy (РР) in the first trimester of pregnancy; to reveal major predictors of psycho-emotional disorders in pregnant women.Materials and Methods. Three groups of pregnant women were stratified: 62 patients with TA, 60 patients with NP and 57 women with PP. Clinical history and physical examination were performed in all subjects. All pregnant women were assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory.Results. It was found that the mean Beck’s score was significantly higher in NP vs. TA and PP groups (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, significant differences were also observed while comparing TA and PP groups (p = 0.037). Clinically important depression was found in 3.3 % NP women and in 1.6 % TA women. Preclinical depression was found in 13 % and 6.5 % women with NP and TA, respectively. The mean Hamilton scale score was significantly higher in NP vs. PP group (p &lt; 0.05), but was comparable with that in TA group (p &gt; 0.05). The mean score on the anxiety scale was significantly higher in TA vs. PP group (p = 0.001). Clinically significant mild to moderate anxiety was found in 4.9 % and 1.6 % TA and NP women, respectively. Mild anxiety symptoms were noted in 35.5 % of women with TA, 38.3 % of women with NP, and 15.7 % of women with PP. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that a burdened obstetric history and the duration of the patient hospital stay had the strongest association with symptoms of depression and anxiety.Conclusion. Symptoms of prenatal anxiety and depression are widespread and should be identified in a timely manner. Psychological counseling and testing of pregnant women should be included into recommendations for pregnancy management.

The effects of music therapy on the psychological status of women with perimenopause syndrome.

Women experience many physical and psychological changes with the reduction of progesterone and estrogen as ovarian function gradually weakens. This study applied a music psychotherapy program as a nonpharmacological treatment method in addition to treatment using drugs such as hormone therapy for perimenopausal women. This study's pre-post, control-experimental research compared 20 women in the music psychotherapy experimental group and 20 in the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) control group. The perimenopausal women aged between 40 and 60 years experienced no menstrual period for 1 year. We provided eight sessions of music psychotherapy, including CBT, each lasting 60 minutes. The study period was 4 months from the time of recruitment. The music therapy group showed a more significant decrease in the Menopause Rating Scale total (change over time, 9.2 points and 3.5 points, respectively; P = 0.008) and psychology subcategory (change over time, 6.5 points and 0.9 points, respectively; P = 0.004) of Menopause Rating Scale scores, compared with the CBT group. In addition, the music therapy group increased their quality of life psychological score, but the CBT group did not. These results suggest that music therapy can help the psychological and emotional symptoms of perimenopausal women and is effective for treatment. The study result provides a therapeutic basis for developing treatments for nonpharmacological mediation.

Adaptation of Nursing Care for Depression and Anxiety Experienced in the Case of Recurrent Ectopic Pregnancy to the Stetler Model

Gebelik kaybı hem kadınlar hem de aileleri için psikolojik ve duygusal bozukluklara neden olabilen önemli bir durumdur. Yaşanılan bu durum her kadının farklı duygular hissetmesine ve farklı tepkiler vermesine neden olabilmektedir. Kadınların bu kayba vermiş olduğu tepki kişiden kişiye farklılık gösterse de, yapılan çalışmalarda daha önce gebelik kaybı yaşayan kadınların daha fazla stres, depresyon ve anksiyete yaşadığı görülmüştür. Yaşanan bu psikolojik bozukluklar çoğu zaman göz ardı edilmektedir. Bu dönemde verilen bakım ve danışmanlık hizmetlerinin kadının psikolojisi üzerinde önemli bir etkisi vardır. Hemşireler anksiyete ve depresif belirtileri azaltmak için kadınları anlamaya ve yaşadığı sıkıntıları çözmeye yönelik girişimler yapmalı, sosyal desteklerini artırıp, eşleri de sürecin içine dahil ederek duygularını ifade etmelerini sağlamalıdırlar. Kayıp sonrası dönemde de kadınların psikolojik durumları değerlendirilmeli, bunlara yönelik girişimler yapılmalı, gerekirse psikolojik destek almaları sağlanmalıdır. Stetler Modeli, kanıta dayalı bakımın geliştirilmesinde kullanılan bir modeldir. Modelin kullanım amacı, kanıta dayalı uygulamalar doğrultusunda hastaya uygun olan en iyi bakımı sağlamaktır. Bu olgu sunumu ile tekrarlayan ektopik gebelik olgusunun kayıp sonrası yaşadığı depresyon ve anksiyeteye yönelik verilen hemşirelik bakımının, Stetler Modeli’ne uyarlanması amaçlanmıştır.

Impact of COVID-19 on Infertility Treatments: Not Even a Global Pandemic Was Strong Enough to Hamper Successful Pregnancies.

The COVID-19 global pandemic has meant a sanitary and social threat at every level and it was not any different for the assisted reproduction industry. This retrospective two-arm study aims to describe its impact on infertility treatments performed in our clinics (IVI Spain, Rome, and Lisbon) regarding: (1) assessment of COVID-19 impact in the amount, type, and success of infertility treatments performed during 2020 compared to 2019; and (2) description of the psychological status of women who got pregnant during the first months of the pandemic and its correlation with their final pregnancy outcome. On the one hand, this pandemic has led to a significant reduction in the total number of treatments performed, even though the proportion of the different types was almost unaltered. Additionally, its impact on pregnancy rates was not clinically relevant. On the other hand, the psychological status of pregnant women did not seem to affect their final pregnancy outcome. These results suggest that, even in the event of a negatively affected psychological status in our study population, it was not translated into an impaired pregnancy outcome. Hence, the COVID-19 global pandemic, although devastating, might not have exerted a clinically relevant negative impact on the overall pregnancy outcome in our clinics.

THE NATURE OF PSYCHO EMOTIONAL DISORDERS IN WOMEN, EXPOSED DURING THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT

The accident at the 4th Power Unit of the Chernobyl NPP on April 26, 1986 is estimated worldwide as one of the most severe disasters in the history of nuclear energy, which resulted in the irradiation of various population categories. Pregnant women represent a special category of victims, since external and internal radiation affected not only the female body, but also the developing fetus. The study of such irradiation consequences is extremely important, since long-term monitoring of the state of health will make it possible to find out the main mechanisms of post-radiation effects on female and children. The aim of this work was to assess the psycho-emotional characteristics in 2 women groups. The first group is women who were irradiated due to the incorporation of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland in April-May 1986 and were at different pregnancy stages. The second group was analyzed as a control, identical in basic parameters to the first, except that at the time of radiation exposure to iodine-131 they have not been pregnant. The severity of post-traumatic stress disorder was analyzed using a self-reporting technique using the PCL-S questionnaire. The psychological distress degree was determined using the K-6 questionnaire. The analysis of the relationship of post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological distress was carried out, the factor structure with the assessment of the contribution of latent factors, as well as inter-factor relationships were studied. A relationship between most factors of posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological distress was revealed, which may indicate the possibility of a causal relationship between the psychological status of women and the risk of somatic pathology in them. It was revealed that radiation is the direct cause of psychological maladaptation in studied women.

Особенности психологического статуса при остром инфаркте миокарда у женщин и мужчин

Changes in psychological status undoubtedly have a great impact on the development and course of myocardial infarction (MI). Objective - to study changes in the psychological status in women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in comparison with male patients and the reflection of these changes on the quality of life. Materials and methods. A single-stage observational study was performed in the city hospitals of Tver. 120 women with AMI aged 36-74 years and 50 men with AMI aged 37-72 were examined. The main group (women with AMI) was divided into two subgroups: the first - patients under 60 years of age, the second - 60 years and older. The study of psychological characteristics of the individual was carried out using the abbreviated multifactor questionnaire for personality research (the so called “Mini-Mult” or “SMOL”), the personality questionnaire of the Bekhterev Institute (the so called “LOBI”), and the methodology for assessing the quality of life of a patient (QOL) according to V.P. Zaitsev. Results. In women aged 60 years and older, an increase in the profile of pitches on all scales was detected. The most noticeable increase in indicators was observed on the scales of the neurotic triad (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) and the 6th Mini-Mult scale. Analysis of the LOBI test revealed that the level of anxiety, hypochondriac, sensitive, neurasthenic, dysphoric and melancholic types of attitude to the disease prevailed in women, with the greatest severity of changes in the group of women under 60 years of age. In the block of interpsychic orientation, the most significant increase was in the sensitive type of attitude to the disease, which prevailed in both groups of women compared to men. The total indicator of "quality of life" was reduced in all the examined groups, and this decrease was most pronounced in older women. Conclusion. Women with AMI have more pronounced changes in their personal and emotional status than men. This is manifested in an increase in hypochondriac, depressive, emotionally labile symptoms; anxiety, hypochondriac, neurasthenic types of response to the disease and a decrease in the "quality of life".

Psychological correlates with violence against women victimization in Egypt

Violence against women (VAW) is a major public health concern. This study objected to detect the psychological correlates with VAW victimization in Egypt. A total of 808 women aged 18 years or older and living with a male companion in Giza and Beni-Suef participated in this cross-sectional study. Women reported their exposure, during the preceding six months, to sexual harassment, cyber harassment, physical violence, verbal insults, deprivation from going out, and financial deprivation. The psychological status of women was evaluated using the Arabic versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. The results indicated that exposure to sexual harassment was associated with low perceived support from family (β = −0.94, 95% CI: −1.81, −0.07) and friends (β = −1.05, 95% CI: −1.90, −0.20). Women who were exposed to verbal insults reported more depressive symptoms (β = 1.67, 95% CI: 0.30, 3.05) and lower perceived support from family (β = −1.21, 95% CI: −2.09, −0.32) and friends (β = −1.18, 95% CI: −2.05, −0.32) than non-exposed women. Physical violence victimization was associated with low perceived family support (β = −1.13, 95% CI: −2.12, −0.13) and low self-esteem (β = −0.73, 95% CI: −1.46, −0.01). In conclusion, VAW victimization was associated with several adverse psychological deficits.

Features of psychological status in women with functional ovarian cysts

Aim. To analyze the psychological status indices in women with functional cysts of the ovaries.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The group of observation (group I) included 35 women with functional ovarian cysts (follicular and yellow body cysts), the group of comparison (group II) 34 patients with no cysts available and normal ovarian volume. The mean age of the patients examined was 28.7 5.2 and 29.3 4.8 years, respectively. The methods used included registration of complaints and anamnesis data, standard general clinical and gynecological studies, ultrasound scanning of pelvic organs using apparatus Sonoscape 6000, survey with Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger-HaninScale, MOS SF-36.&#x0D; Results. Health status of women with functional cysts of the ovaries is characterized by abdominal pain syndrome (91.3 % and 14.7 6.0%; p 0.001), mastodynia in the second phase of cycle (37.1 % and 8.8 4.9 %; p 0.01), dysmenorrhea (37.1 % and 14.7 6.0 %; p 0.05) that undoubtedly influences the indices of psychoemotional status. It is worth noting that the prevalence of smoking among women of group I is high (26.5 % and 2.9 % respectively; p 0.01). The characteristic features of psychological status of group I patients are the following: high level of reactive anxiety (Spielberger-Hanin Anxiety Scale 45.7 1.9 and 35.8 0.9 scores; p 0.001), elevated level of depression (Beck scale 18.9 3.4 and 9.5 5.3 scores; p 0.01) and, as a result, decrease in the quality of life, especially with the Role Functioning Scale (25.71, 61.79 scores, p 0.01) and Social Functioning Scale (26.60 and 62.93 scores, p 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions. Improvement of health among women with functional ovarian cysts should be complex and include modification of the way of life (refusal from smoking), anti-inflammatory therapy, correction of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and psychological status.

Flaxseed oil supplementation on severity of depression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a randomized, double blind placebo controlled clinical trial

ABSTRACT Emerging clinical studies suggest that flaxseed oil may be an effective intervention for the management of depression. The current trial was conducted to assess the effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the psychological status of women with depression. Subjects of 60 depressed women aged 18–45 were randomly divided into two groups. One group was asked to consume a 1000 mg flaxseed oil capsule, twice a day for 10 weeks, while the other consumed a placebo. Serum (BDNF), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire, and anthropometric indices were measured before and after intervention. This study showed that serum BDNF concentration in the supplementation group increased significantly after 10-week intervention, compared with placebo (1.12 ± 0.6 pg/ml vs. 0.2 ± 0.56 pg/ml; p < .0001). Total BDI-II score was significantly lower after flaxseed oil supplementation, compared with placebo (−16.62 ± 7.03, −8.45 ± 7.8; p < .0001). The present study showed that flaxseed oil supplementation can confer a number of health benefits in depressed women, including increased serum BDNF concentrations, along with improvements in depression status.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАН ВЕГЕТАТИВНОЇ НЕРВОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ САМОТНІХ ТА ЗАМІЖНІХ ВАГІТНИХ

Стаття висвітлює психологічні особливості та функціональнийстан вегетативної нервової системи у самотніх та заміжніх вагітних жінок таметоди профілактики ускладнень пов’язаних з порушенням психовегетативноїрегуляції у вагітних. Основною метою проведеного дослідження є покращитипсихологічний статус та функціональний стан вегетативної нервової системи підчас вагітності та пологів у самотніх жінок шляхом розробки і впровадженнякомплексу лікувальнопрофілактичних заходів. Систематизація літературнихджерел та підходів до вирішення проблеми ускладнень гестації у жінок позбавленихпартнерської підтримки засвідчила, що перебіг вагітності і пологів у самотніхжінок має високий ризик перинатальних ускладнень: збільшення частотипрееклампсії, анемії, плацентарної дисфункції та невиношування Нами проведенооцінку психологічного статусу і функціонального стану вегетативної нервовоїсистеми у 50 самотніх жінок на тлі запропонованого комплексного алгоритму, у 50самотніх жінок та 50 заміжніх жінок при загальноприйнятому веденні вагітностіі пологів. Оцінку психологічного стану жінки під час вагітності та перед пологамипроводили за шкалою Спілбергера та Ханіна. З метою виявлення ступеня розладіввегетативної нервової системи і рівня регуляції серцевої діяльності проводиласякардіоінтервалографія. Встановлено, що для самотніх вагітних, позбавленихпартнерської підтримки характерний ряд психовегетативних порушень. На тлікомплексного алгоритму ведення вагітності і пологів у самотніх жінок показникипорушень психологічного статусу достовірно знизились (р&amp;lt;0,05): погіршенняпам’яті, кмітливості в 2 рази; фізичний та психічний дискомфорт в 2,4 рази;відчуття занепокоєння за стан здоров’я в 2,5 рази; тривога за результат пологів,здоров’я майбутньої дитини і труднощів, пов’язаних з доглядом зановонародженим в 2,4 рази; зниження настрою і відчуття пригнічення в 3 рази;прояви напруги в 3 рази; порушення сну в 3,5 разів; паніка, страх і відчай в 3,5разів. Показники кардіоінтервалографії показали суттєву нормалізацію станувегетативної нервової системи: підвищення коефіцієнта варіації в 1,3 рази, натлі одночасного зниження амплітуди моди в 1,3 рази; індексу вегетативноїрівноваги в 1,2 рази; показника активності процесів регуляції в 1,2 рази та індексу напруги в 1,2 рази. Отримані результати можуть бути корисними для лікарівакушерів-гінекологів.

Maternal Satisfaction with Healthcare after Perinatal Loss in Monochorionic Twin Pregnancy.

Introduction: The analysis of patients’ satisfaction with healthcare is recognised as being useful in the evaluation of health outcomes and perceived quality of care. Little is known, however, about how the psychological status of women who experience perinatal complications may affect their perceived satisfaction with care. Methods: We assessed healthcare satisfaction in 52 women who had undergone intrauterine surgery during a complicated monochorionic twin pregnancy and examined the influence that fetal loss and sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors had on the degree of satisfaction. Data were gathered in an individual interview and through the administration of the Medical Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. Relationships between variables were analysed using a chi-square test, Spearman’s rho, Student’s t test, and the Mann–Whitney U test, in accordance with the metric nature of the variables and the assumptions fulfilled. Results: Age and level of education were not associated with the degree of healthcare satisfaction. Negative but non-significant correlations were observed between the level of satisfaction and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Satisfaction with healthcare was high in the sample as a whole, although it was significantly higher among women who had not experienced fetal loss. There were no differences in satisfaction with services involving direct contact with medical staff, whereas satisfaction with indirect services was lower among women who had experienced perinatal loss. Conclusions: Due to the unique characteristics of this population, specialised care teams of both professional healthcare and indirect services are needed. Although administrative aspects of healthcare are regarded as being of secondary importance, this may not be the case with more vulnerable populations.

Оцінка ефективності антибіотикотерапії у внутрішньоартеріальному та внутрішньовенному режимах у хворих з місцево–розповсюдженим раком молочної залози

Мета. Поліпшення безпосередніх та віддалених результатів лікування місцево–розповсюдженого раку молочної залози (МР РМЗ) шляхом акселерованої регресії перифокальних запальних змін за допомогою селективного внутрішньо- артеріального застосування антибіотиків, підвищення якості життя хворих. &#x0D; Матеріали і методи. До контрольної групи включено 47 (53%) хворих з МР РМЗ, яким як неоад’ювантну терапію проведено серію курсів селективної внутрішньоартеріальної поліхіміотерапії (СВАПХТ) із системним використанням антибіотикотерапії в режимі внутрішньовенного введення. До досліджуваної групи включено 42 (49%) хворих, яким як неоад’ювантну терапію проведено серію курсів СВАПХТ із регіональним використанням антибіотикотерапії в режимі внутрішньоартеріального введення. &#x0D; Результати. Використання регіонального введення антибіотиків у складі комплексної неоад’ювантної терапії разом із СВАПХТ позитивно впливає на лінійну та хронометричну регресію запальних змін навколо вогнища первинно не- операбельного МР РМЗ, що поліпшує соматичний та психологічний стан пацієнток на етапі неоад’ювантного лікування та підвищує якість їх життя. &#x0D; Висновки. Комплексний регіональний вплив на уражений орган має статистично підтверджений кращий ефект з яскравими холістичними рисами та демонструє адитивний синергізм окремих селективних методик.

Beyond Representation of Women in I-O to Producing Gender-Inclusive Knowledge

Gardner, Ryan, and Snoeyink (2018) provided an excellent and much-needed analysis of the status of women in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology. Although others have produced overall assessments of the status of women in psychology (Eagly &amp; Riger, 2014; Kite et al., 2001), these are not sufficient to identify conditions within the subfields of psychology. As shown by statistics on the divisions of the American Psychological Association (http://www.apa.org/about/division/officers/services/profiles.aspx), the subfields differ greatly in their gender balance, with some being male dominated (e.g., experimental and cognitive science), others female dominated (e.g., developmental psychology), and still others representing women and men more equally (e.g., social and personality psychology). I-O psychology is among the more gender-balanced fields, with an increasing proportion of women over time. It would seem that I-O's gradual inclusion of more women should have changed aspects of research and discourse in this field. In this comment, we argue that these women have produced impressive changes.

Родинно орієнтовані технології при багатоплідній вагітності

The objective: depression of frequency of obstetric and perinatal pathology at women with polycarpous pregnancy on the basis of improvement and introduction of technique of individual preparation of a married couple during pregnancy and at delivery. Materials and methods. We surveyed 120 pregnant women who were divided into four groups depending on the genesial anamnesis and use of the family focused technologies. Results. Carrying out partner labors with preliminary individual preparation allows to reduce the frequency of cooperative complications of polycarpous pregnancy (from 76.7% to 53.3%) due to discontinuing threat in various terms (from 58.3% to 30.0%); preeclampsias (from 50.0% to 30.0%); gestational anemia (from 51.7% to 33.3%); placental dysfunction (from 66.7% to 46.7%); fetus arrests of development (from 23.3% to 13.3%); premature births (from 80.0% to 60.0%); an abdominal delivery (from 98.3% to 86.7%); asphyxias of newborns of average and serious degree (from 60.0% to 40.0%) and perinatal losses (with 41.7 to 25.0‰). Conclusion. Use of the family focused technologies at polycarpous pregnancy on the algorithm improved by us allows to improve the psychological status of women, and also to reduce the frequency of obstetric and perinatal complications. It allows us recomend wider use of the family focused technologies at polycarpous pregnancy. Key words: polycarpous pregnancy, the family focused technologies.

Ассоциация депрессии с фибрилляцией предсердий у больных с артериальной гипертензией

The objective: Studying the relationship between depression and atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Material and methods: A total of 69 women aged over 57 with arterial hypertension stage II-III were examined. The subjects were distributed: 1st group - 35 women with sinus rhythm, the second - 34 women with AF. Quantitative data with a normal distribution were assessed using Student's t-test. In assessing the psychological status, the hospital anxiety and depression HADS scale were used. The qualitative variables were compared using Pearson's test. The association of the level of depression with AF was estimated by calculating the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). In order to detect hidden, common factors explaining the relationship between depression and AF, a factor analysis was performed. Results: The frequency of clinically severe depression in the group of patients with AF was significantly higher (, p = 0.003). The assessment of the effect of depression on the development of AF in patients with a subclinical level of depression, OR was 0.76 (with 95% CI from 0.26 to 2.26; p> 0.05), in patients with clinically pronounced levels of depression - 9.0 (with 95% CI from 1.88 to 44.18; p <0.05). The factor analysis revealed that depression contributes to the development of AF in patients with hypertension. Conclusion: The psychological status of women with hypertension and AF, clinically severe depression was observed in 35.3% of patients. Chance to meet with AF in patients with clinically severe depression is 9 times higher than in patients with subclinical depression. Factor analysis showed that in 7.01% of cases, depression contributes to the development of AF in patients with hypertension.

Health-related quality of life and psychological status of women with primary Sjögren's syndrome: A cross-sectional study of 304 Chinese patients.

Patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) always suffer from dryness, pain, and fatigue caused by the involvement of multiple different systems or organs. The uncomfortable disease symptoms, the consequent disability, and the side effects of therapeutic drugs decrease the quality of life and lead to emotional problems. We investigated the health-related quality of life and psychological status of a large cohort of women patients with pSS and associated factors.A total of 304 women with pSS referred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital during 2011 and 2014 were included. The internationally recognized Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess patients’ quality of life; a higher score indicated a better quality of life. Patients’ psychological status was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and higher scores predicted more anxiety or depression.Patients with pSS had remarkably lower SF-36 scores. The Hospital Anxiety Scale (HAS) and Hospital Depression Scale (HDS) scores of the pSS patients (7 [4,10] and 6 [3,10], respectively) were significantly higher than that of patients with other internal diseases (3.37 ± 2.81 and 3.83 ± 3.14; both P < .001). Negative predictors of quality of life were: pain (physical condition, β = –0.225; P < .001); fatigue (physical condition, β = –0.298; P < .001; and mental condition, β = –0.319; P < .001). Risk factors for anxiety were: young age (β = –0.059; P = .035); pain (β = 0.025; P = .028); or fatigue (β = 0.029; P = .004). Risk factors for depression were: xeroderma (β = 0.030; P = .003); pain (β = 0.022; P = .047); or fatigue (β = 0.033; P = .001).Patients with pSS have a low quality of life with anxiety and depression. Pain and fatigue are primary factors for lower quality of life, which cause more anxiety and depression.

Psychological Statuses of Premenopausal Women Before and After Hysterectomy

Objective: This paper aims to explore the trend, extent and impacting factors of the change in the psychological status of women before and after hysterectomy. Methods: A prospective study was performed to investigate the psychological statuses of 98 female subjects who underwent hysterectomy upon admission and three months after the hysterectomy. Results: The self-rating of the psychological status survey showed significantly lower factor scores including the postoperative BDI and SCL-90 (except paranoid factors) scores than those before the surgery and the same HAMD score as the nurse-administered rating scale. The incidence rate of moderate to severe depression dropped from 48.98% to 13.54% after the surgery. Differently aged patients showed different change extents of SCL-90, and the postoperative BDI and HAMD scores were significantly positively correlated with the preoperative levels. The preoperative HAMD score was negatively correlated with the length of education and positively correlated with the chief complaint. The postoperative HAMD score was positively correlated with the parity and the presence of medical complications and negatively correlated with age. Conclusion: Hysterectomy benefits the psychiatric and somatic health of the patients, and the women who were younger, more prolific, less educated, complain of dysmenorrhea or menorrhagia and have other medical disorders are more prone to perioperative depression.

Psychological Impact of Cancer Diagnosis in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the impact of cancer diagnosis on the psychological status of women with breast cancer, focusing on anxiety and psychological distress experienced by breast cancer patients. Materials and Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 breast cancer patients after an initial cancer diagnosis by using purposive sampling. The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Data was collected by using Demographic and Clinical proforma, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Impact of Event Scale. Sample characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the influence of anxiety on psychological distress was tested with correlation and a chi-square test was used to test the association between anxiety and distress with demographic and disease-related variables. Results: The sample consisted of 80 women with a mean age of 48.1 years. 96% were married, and 90% of them were housewives. Half of the subjects were educatedupto primary school. 80% were in stage II of cancer with a duration of diagnosis of 2-4 weeks.48% of the subjects were suffering from a moderate range of distress and 16% had severe psychological distress. Similarly, 80% of subjects had moderate to high level of anxiety. Anxiety did not have any influence on psychological distress. And only duration of diagnosis was associated with psychological distress. Conclusion: Results of the study suggest that cancer diagnosis can cause moderate to severe distress in breast cancer patients. Recognizing distress and intervening it on time is pivotal to improve treatment outcomes of women with breast cancer.