Psychological Resistance Research Articles

Effects of Prior Robot Experience, Speed, and Proximity on Psychosocial Reactions to a Soft Growing Robot

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS After viewing video vignettes of human interactions with a novel soft growing robot, we found that participants reported fewer perceived safety hazards, less anxiety and fear about robots, reduced social hesitancy about human-robot collaboration (HRC), and lower technology-induced fears of job insecurity. Unlike prior research with traditional rigid manipulators, we found that the manipulated proximity of the human-robot interactions was unrelated to any of these outcomes, suggesting closer interactions may be possible without adverse psychological resistance. On the other hand, fear of robots, perceived hazards, technology-induced job insecurity, and robot anxiety were all significantly lower when human-robot interactions were slower. Interestingly, participants with more extensive prior robot experience displayed preferences for faster HRC interactions. Many occupations are ripe for automation within the next two decades, yet technical and psychological barriers to adoption remain. Our research suggests that novel soft growing flexible robots may be a fruitful area for future advancements.

Readiness to Change and Change Recipients’ Reactions. An Investigation of the Beneficial Effects of Change Cynicism

ABSTRACT During M&A (mergers and acquisitions), a frequent outcome is the negative reactions of workers, who demonstrate psychological distress and resistance to change. This paper presents an empirical research study carried out in a large Italian university hospital during an organizational restructuring, which led to the merger of several organizational units. The research involved a sample of healthcare operators as change recipients (N = 130), and investigated the relationship between Readiness to Change and change recipients’ reactions. By adopting a Structural Equation Model approach, this study suggests that the relationship between Readiness To Change and Change Cynicism, Change Anxiety and Intention To Quit, is complex and not always direct and linear. Furthermore, this paper shows the role that Change Cynicism plays in mediating the relationship between Readiness To Change and Change Anxiety and between Readiness To Change and Intention To Quit. This study highlights the importance of investigating and systemically addressing the relationship between these factors. MAD statement This article sets out to Make A Difference (MAD) through analysing the mechanisms underlying the affective and emotional reactions of change recipients. It provides an important practical contribution for practitioners, as it suggests how to manage the variables that intervene in a process of radical organizational change in an appropriate manner. This article has significant consequences, also at a societal level. It highlights the factors that should be managed to avoid undesired, negative organizational and corporate consequences such as states of change anxiety and the Intention To Quit.

An integrated approach to Correcting the Physical and Psychoemotional State of female students working with migrant children

The article aims to investigate the effectiveness of the author's program “Correction of the Physical and Psychoemotional state of female students working with migrant children”, which combines psycho-training practical classes and training classes in health fitness. Materials and methods. The program includes psycho-training practical sessions to develop psychological well-being, stress resistance and psychological harmony, and health fitness training sessions to improve the body's functional state. The program integrates physical and psychological aspects of health. Forty-four female students of the 1st-2nd years of the Yuriy Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Human Health took part in the pedagogical experiment. Results. We found that the program for correcting the physical and psycho-emotional state of female students, which included psycho-training practical classes and health fitness training classes, contributed to a decrease in the values of body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and pelvic circumference (p<0.05; p<0.001). The results showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05; p<0.001) between the initial and final stages of the study. After using the developed program, we observed statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) in situational and personal anxiety levels. The percentage of female students with a high level of situational anxiety decreased from 27.3 % to 0.0 %, and the average level decreased from 54.5 % to 15.9 %. Personality anxiety also reduced from a high of 43.2 % to 0.0 %, and the intermediate level decreased from 54.5 % to 20.5 %. Conclusions. The results of our study confirm the effectiveness of the author's program “Correction of the physical and psycho-emotional state of female students working with migrant children” in improving the physical development, functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and psychological well-being of the participants. The application of the program led to a decrease in anxiety, an improvement in body composition, a reduction in the volume of adipose tissue, and an increase in the adaptation capabilities of the body. Key words: correction program, physical condition, psycho-emotional well-being, female students, immigrant children.

Community gender norms, mental health, and suicide ideation and attempts among older Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study.

Gender norms embedded in communities may restrict opportunities and harm the mental health of older adults, yet this phenomenon has received little attention. This study investigates the connection between older adults' perceptions of community gender norms and mental health and suicide-related outcomes. Cross-sectional. This study analyzed data from the 2019 wave of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. In total, 25,937 participants aged 65 years or older in 61 municipalities. Perceptions of community gender norms were assessed by the respondents' perceptions of the gender-differentiating language used by those around them such as "You should/should not do XXX, because you are a man/woman." The prevalence of all mental health outcomes was higher among both men and women who perceived community gender norms as restrictive. These associations remained in fully adjusted multivariable analyses. Prevalence ratios for men were 1.36 [95% confidence interval: 1.13, 1.65] for psychological resistance to obtaining help, 1.85 [1.54, 2.23] for depressive symptoms, 1.99 [1.34, 2.96] for suicidal ideation, and 2.15 [1.21, 3.80] for suicide attempts. The corresponding figures for women were 1.39 [1.17, 1.65], 1.80 [1.55, 2.10], 2.13 [1.65, 2.74], 2.62 [1.78, 3.87]. There was a more pronounced association between perceiving community gender norms as restrictive and depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors among those with nonconventional gender role attitudes compared to those with conventional attitudes. Considering the effects of community gender norms, in addition to individual gender role attitudes, may be critical in designing effective public health interventions for improving mental health.

Family Psychological Resistance from Batobo Cultural Perspective

This research aims to look at the cultural values of batobo, one of the Minangkabau cultures, in building family psychological resistance. The research method used qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological design. Data was collected through group interviews with 2 batobo groups and in-depth interviews with 3 community leaders selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis using Nvivo 10.0 software. The results show that the batobo cultural values obtained in building family psychological resistance are: (i) form good individual characteristics such as flexibility, cohesiveness, (ii) make members have a favorable view of the future, (iii) live a more meaningful life by feeling happy with what they have, and (iv) have religious beliefs. These results indicate that batobo culture can increase people's psychological resistance. These results can encourage the community to continue to maintain batobo culture so that it can become an approach to creating a society that has psychological resistance.

Unravelling barriers in high-tech technology start-ups: practical insights and solutions for healthcare enterprises

PurposeAlong with technology-based ecosystems, healthcare start-ups are expanding multi-fold. On the other hand, underlying uncertainties pose several challenges for these health-tech enterprises at macro-meso-micro level, influencing their business circumstances and profitability. The current study aims to comprehend the macro-, meso- and micro-level barriers that make it difficult for enterprises to set up healthcare technology start-ups. The study also observed the perceived effect of these challenges on firms' performance and cost structure over time. Using the theory of behaviour under uncertainty, the study revealed multiple systemic, sector-related, human and implementation barriers that hinder business growth and lead to uncertainties for health-tech start-ups.Design/methodology/approachUsing a grounded theory approach, the study collected the views of 51 health tech start-ups in the UK using an online participants pool. The data was collected using qualitative data techniques in the form of open-ended essays, and a content analysis using thematic coding process was conducted. The questions centered around the different institutional uncertainties or barriers while setting up or running a healthcare start-up.FindingsThe study revealed several macro-, meso- and micro-level barriers these technology-based enterprises perceive in the healthcare industry. These are recognised as systemic barriers, such as lack of funding and procedural issues; sector-related barriers, such as market-related impediments; human barriers, including psychological barriers and resistance to new technology; and implementation barriers, such as operational and personnel issues.Research limitations/implicationsThe study used qualitative, open-ended essay techniques to collect the data. Future studies may use a mixed-methods approach to provide holistic insights. The study is conducted in a single developed country, the UK. Future work may expand these findings by comparing developed market challenges with those of emerging markets and by assessing the viewpoints of healthcare start-ups.Practical implicationsThis research will assist the healthcare sector and government understand health tech start-up hurdles and uncertainty. Policymakers must assist start-ups and encourage entrepreneurial innovation. Regulating and enabling policies will help. The paper examines start-ups' macro, meso and micro uncertainties. Policymakers promoting sector entrepreneurship must consider these barriers while designing policy guidelines.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing literature on technology start-ups, particularly in the healthcare industry, and identifies significant barriers these start-ups face. The study synthesizes research on health-tech start-up uncertainty and bridges the gap between theory and practice by applying empirical findings.

How does language intensity of brand fan word-of-mouth (WOM) affect customers' willingness to adopt WOM? An empirical study based on psychological resistance theory

PurposeManaging the growing word-of-mouth (WOM) of brand fans has become a new challenge for companies in the fan economy era. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of language intensity of brand fan WOM on customers' willingness to adopt WOM based on psychological resistance theory and to reveal the underlying mechanism of this process.Design/methodology/approachA research model was developed to test the proposed hypotheses. Two experiments were conducted on an online platform using data from 708 participants. The independent samples t-test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results show that, in the context of WOM among brand fans, high-intensity language leads to a lower willingness to adopt than low-intensity language and threats to freedom mediate this effect. Moreover, the restoration postscript moderates the effect of language intensity on threats to freedom and customers' willingness to adopt WOM.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies that focused on electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) language content, this paper focuses on language intensity to reveal the psychological process of customers' willingness to adopt brand fan WOM. The findings not only enrich the research related to the language effect in eWOM, but also deepen the understanding of the influence effect on brand fan WOM, providing effective guidance for brands to manage fan WOM.

Fostering trust and overcoming psychological resistance towards cryptocurrencies and cryptoassets

AbstractThis research investigates the extent to which sponsorships can be utilised to foster trust and reduce barriers to adopting new technologies. Using Crypto.com's sponsorship of the 2022 FIFA World Cup as the context, this mixed‐methods study utilises innovation resistance theory (IRT) and trust transfer theory (TTT) to investigate the extent to which such a sponsorship can increase trust and reduce barriers in innovative technologies such as cryptoassets, while also filling a research gap concerning consumer resistance to innovations in digital financial products and services. The findings of study 1, using a survey (n = 1081), and study 2 using interviews (n = 24) reveal that a positive image of sponsorship significantly influences favourability and interest, and trust of the product of the sponsor which subsequently reduces psychological barriers to adoption. Integrating the theoretical viewpoints of IRT and TTT, this study enhances our conceptual understanding regarding the psychological dimension of sponsorship and the extent to which a sponsorship generates interest, giving assurance and trust in the sponsor's product, and removing uncertainty; thus, reducing barriers to adoption.

Psychological insulin resistance and its impact on self-management in type II diabetes mellitus patients treated with insulin therapy.

Psychological insulin resistance is a common barrier to initiation and persistence with insulin therapy that affects approximately 42.7% of people living with type II diabetes mellitus, which may negatively impact self-management. This study aimed to assess patients' levels of psychological insulin resistance and to identify factors associated with self-management in patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated with insulin therapy. We adopted a cross-sectional design. Subjects from the metabolism and endocrinology outpatient departments of a regional teaching hospital in central Taiwan were recruited by consecutive sampling. Patients were assessed for psychological insulin resistance and self-management using the barriers to insulin treatment questionnaire and the partners in health scale. A total of 222 patients with type II diabetes mellitus were recruited. Patients had an average psychological insulin resistance score of 3.14 (maximum of 8). Positive self-management was associated with insulin therapy injection by patient, fewer expectations regarding positive insulin-related outcomes, no diabetes-related complications, less fear of injection and self-testing, no hypoglycaemia within the previous year, and younger age. Insulin therapy injection by patient and no diabetes-related complications were the most common factors associated with overall self-management and with each domain of self-management in patients with type II diabetes mellitus treated with insulin therapy. Insulin therapy education should be offered to improve patients' beliefs about insulin therapy and enhance patients' ability to perform self-management.

The psychometric properties of the barriers to insulin treatment questionnaire in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using insulin.

The objective of this study was to translate the Barriers to Insulin Treatment Questionnaire (BIT) into Chinese and test its psychometric properties in middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients using insulin in the Han people of urban China. We established the Barriers to Insulin Treatment Questionnaire in Chinese (BIT-C). We selected 296 patients with T2D for testing BIT-C's the reliability and validity, of which 120 patients were retested four weeks later. Another 200 patients with T2D were selected to perform the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The final BIT-C consisted of 11 items (BIT-C-11) and four factors. The explained variances of the BIT-C-11 and its four factors were 90.153%, 51.308%, 18.810%, 10.863%, and 9.173%. CFA validated that the four-factor model fit with the data of the BIT-C-11. Standardized factor loadings ranged between 0.77 and 0.90. The Cronbach's α coefficients of the BIT-C-11 and its four factors were 0.903, 0.952, 0.927, 0.938, and 0.917. Correlation analysis was performed between the BIT-C-11 and General Adherence Scale in Chinese (GAS-C) to calculate the criterion-related validity (r = 0.598, p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient r of the BIT-C-11's test-retest reliability was 0.810 (p < 0.001). The BIT-C-11 has good reliability and validity. It can be used for psychological resistance to insulin therapy studies of middle-aged and elderly patients with T2D using insulin in the Han people of Chinese cities.

Determinants of Cryptocurrency Exchange Adoption

Cryptocurrencies have become a global phenomenon, and the number of registered users of cryptocurrency exchange platforms has grown worldwide. However, only a small number of the registered users are active users that engage in actual transactions. In this study, the authors used a multi-theory approach to identify the key factors of the adoption of cryptocurrency exchanges and to develop a conceptual model that would have a potentially high explanatory power. The proposed model emphasizes the role of psychological innovation resistance, functional innovation resistance, technology readiness and trust, perceived risk and risk propensity, subjective norms, and critical mass of users. The authors discuss the model along with the research propositions it implies and the theoretical and practical implications of the study.

The climate change skepticism questionnaire: Validation of a measure to assess doubts regarding climate change

Climate change skepticism (CCS) is a significant impediment to sustainable behavior. An in-depth understanding of CCS is therefore essential. However, existing measures vary considerably. In this paper, we address the differences and limitations of existing measures of CCS and present a new measure. In three studies (n = 534; n = 352; n = 252), we examined the factor structure, test-retest reliability, and associations with intentions for sustainable behaviors, psychological resistance to change, and dispositional tendencies for motivated reasoning. The resulting climate change skepticism questionnaire (CCS-Q) is a 12-item scale that assesses four dimensions of CCS: trend, attribution, impact, and response skepticism. The CCS-Q combines expressions of doubt or uncertainty with denial. The studies we conducted support our four-dimensional structure and test-retest reliability was good. Furthermore, CCS-Q scores were negatively related to intentions for sustainable behavior and positively related to resistance to change. We did not find any association with motivated reasoning. Overall, the new CCS-Q offers a reliable and valid measure for CCS.

Evaluation of an association between maternal prenatal psychological stress and insulin resistance during pregnancy and postpartum

Objectives: Various physiological mechanisms counteract insulin resistance (IR) during normal pregnancy. Psychological stress is a known, independent risk factor for developing IR. Pregnancy-specific psychological stress may cause IR and increase the risk of overt diabetes. Hence, the study aims to evaluate maternal psychological stress using multiple stress markers and their association with changes in IR during pregnancy and postpartum. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight and skinfold thickness were measured using standard techniques. The stress markers were assessed using perceived stress scales (K10 questionnaire), a physiological marker of stress (Heart rate variability [HRV] measures) and biochemical stress markers (Saliva, hair cortisol levels). IR was estimated using homeostasis model assessment-estimated IR (HOMA-IR). The association of stress markers with IR was studied among fifty healthy pregnant women during pregnancy and postpartum. Results: The psychological stress scores and saliva cortisol were significantly higher during pregnancy than postpartum (P = 0.000). A comparison of cardiac autonomic function as assessed by HRV measures shows that high frequency in normalised units (HFnu) was significantly higher during the postnatal period than in the prenatal period (P = 0.000). High frequency (HF) spectral power in absolute units was also significantly higher (P = 0.002) in the postpartum period (2612.30 ± 432.24) when compared with the prenatal period (1446.10 ± 299.15). Low frequency in normalised units (LFnu), low frequency (LF)/HF ratio was significantly higher during the prenatal period than in the postnatal period (P = 0.000). As assessed by HOMA-IR values, IR was significantly higher during the prenatal period than postpartum (P = 0.04). There was a significant positive correlation between prenatal psychological stress scores, HRV parameters (LFnu, LF/HF) and postnatal IR. Conclusion: Pregnancy is associated with higher psychological stress levels and IR than postpartum. Furthermore, the maternal cardiac autonomic marker could predict postnatal IR among healthy pregnant women.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES OF THE OPERATIONAL AND INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES

Significant changes in the market system of Kazakhstan, the formation of a rule of law state, and the need of society for a significant improvement in the activities of law enforcement agencies put forward the task of scientific development and practical implementation of personnel policy in the law enforcement system of employees of the Operative Investigative Service (hereafter OIS). For this purpose, it is necessary to comprehensively investigate the specifics of the professional activity of an OIS officer, determine the requirements that this activity imposes on the psyche and personality of an OIS officer, and distinguish clear criteria for his professional suitability or unsuitability for work in law enforcement agencies. In the process of scientific research, we concluded that: - psychological training of police officers is one of the activities of law enforcement agencies. It forms employees' psychological resistance to various stress factors, the ability to act calmly and confidently in psychologically difficult situations during acute respiratory infections, as well as development of stress resistance. That is quite important since not all Operative Investigative Activities (OSA) employees can cope with the volume of work and quickly burn out; - professional communication of the OSA employees depends on professional and non-professional forms which are based on the rules of speech behavior adopted in a particular social environment; - it is necessary to conduct a special «Operative Investigative Psychology» course for students and undergraduates in the majors of «Jurisprudence» (the study of Law) «Psychology» and cadets of special educational institutions who trained employees of the OSA, psychologists. During the course, it is relevant to conduct training courses on the development of cognitive mental processes (sensation, perception, representation, imagination, thinking, memory, attention, speech); on the ability to work with people (establishing psychological contact, exerting influence on them, etc.); establishing the truth and making the right decision.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON SPORTS RESULTS IN WHEELCHAIR MOTOCROSS

The aim of the work is to determine the rating of the impact of various components of the provision and implementation of high sports performance of cross-country crews on motorcycles with wheelchairs. Ten experts were involved in the expert evaluation, including four specialists in the theory and methodology of motorcycle sports, three coaches and three highly qualified athletes. On a ten-point scale, they assessed the impact of four main factors, followed by the respective units of each. Experts identified motocross-specific skills and psychophysiological qualities of crew members (9.0 ± 1.1 points) as the most influential on sports results. Behind them are the technical capabilities of the motorcycle and the level of various sections of sports training of athletes (8.1 ± 1.3 and 7.8 ± 0.6 points, respectively). The specifics of the track and the conditions of the competition were rated the lowest (4.6 ± 0.5 points). Among motocross-specific skills and qualities of athletes, experts preferred the interaction and coordination of crew members (25%); their psychological readiness and stress resistance and the level of development of psychophysiological qualities were slightly lower (21 and 18%, respectively), and applied acrobatic and engineering training, as well as sports qualifications were less influential (14, 13 and 9%, respectively). The impact on the sports result of different technical characteristics of the motorcycle is estimated approximately the same, which requires its comprehensive training. Separate sections of classical sports training by their influence on the result are located as follows: SFP (23%), sports and technical (21%), functional (19%) and tactical (18%). The impact on the result of ZFP is estimated at 12%, and anthropometric indicators of athletes - only 7%. Regarding the route and weather conditions, the undisputed leader (24%) was the compliance of the route with the individual preferences of the crew; 19% of points scored the position at the start. The type and condition of the route (15%) and climatic conditions (14%) affect the final result of the crews less, and the geolocation and complexity of the route profile (10%), as well as warm-up before the start (8%), according to experts, have it has the least impact.

The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the psychological state and stress resistance of students

The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the psychological state and stress resistance of students

Using insulin to manage type 2 diabetes

Exogenous insulin injections are used in type 2 diabetes to complement non-insulin medication or as standalone therapy, alongside lifestyle changes. Therapeutic inertia by health professionals, as well as ‘psychological insulin resistance’ by individuals with diabetes, contribute to delays in insulin use. Nurses have a pivotal role in identifying individuals who require insulin therapy and to counsel and support them through person-centred insulin education. This article outlines the NICE recommendations for insulin therapy and factors contributing to delays in insulin initiation, as well as resources that can be signposted to individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Policy Studies Yearbook Annual Review 2022–23: Note from the editor and call for papers

<i>Policy Studies Yearbook Annual Review</i> 2022–23: Note from the editor and call for papers

Performing arts metaverse: The effect of perceived distance and subjective experience

As a new paradigm for experiencing virtual worlds, metaverses are beginning to gain traction as a new way to enjoy the performing arts. Additionally, as its feasibility as a new market for the distribution of performing arts has been confirmed, there have been various attempts to better enable audiences to experience performing arts in a metaverse. However, metaverse performing arts still require several improvements for active user participation and better enjoyment. It is also necessary to understand the barriers that people perceive in experiencing metaverse performing arts. Based on the construal level theory, this study explores and identifies the causal relationship in factors that influence viewing metaverse performing arts, such as the user's psychological distance, objective distance, subjective experience, and resistance. The results demonstrate that artistic distance is a significant factor that strongly affects resistance to viewing performances. Spatial, social, economic distance, and subject experience also impact resistance. The results also uncover the issues that must be discussed to vitalize metaverse-based performing arts.

The relatıonship between swımmıng trainers' empathy levels and their psychological resistance

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between swimming coaches' empathy skills and psychological resilience. Methods: This study was planned as a descriptive relational study. The study was carried out in 168 swimming coaches working in Konya. In data collection; A personal information form, prepared by researchers and questioning socio-demographic characteristics, Empathy Scale and Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults were used. Results: The mean age of the individuals was 29.64±6.71, 50% were women, 54.8% were single, 88.1% were university graduates, 45.2% lived with their spouses and children, % It was determined that 71.4% perceived their income as medium and 61.9% perceived their health as good. When the empathy and resilience levels of the individuals were evaluated, the mean score of the empathy scale was 63.02±5.80 and the mean score of the resilience scale was 123.20±20.06. Conclusion: Empathy and psychological resilience of swimming coaches are at a good level. In terms of empathic levels, men, high school graduates and singles are in the risk group. In terms of psychological resilience, men, high school graduates and those who live alone are in the risk group. It was observed that as the empathy levels of swimming coaches increased, their psychological resilience also increased.