Psychological Reactions Research Articles

A cross-cultural analysis of spiritual transcendence and its impact on job satisfaction, job security, and life satisfaction in Bali and Türkiye: mediator effect of earthquake anxiety.

Earthquakes are considered as a major factor causing PTSD, anxiety, and depression across various age groups. Increased anxiety stemming from earthquakes may prompt individuals to turn to spirituality as a coping mechanism, with spiritual transcendence believed to be an effective way to mitigate anxiety. In this study, Bali, which has a Far Eastern spiritual tradition, and Türkiye, the majority of whose population is Muslim, are discussed comparatively. In fact, the underlying reason for this choice is to examine whether there is a difference between Hindu belief, one of the Far Eastern religions as a spiritual tradition, and Islam, one of the monotheistic religions, regarding individuals' ability to manage anxiety and some basic psychological reactions to the fear of earthquakes. An example of Bali's Hindu tradition has been considered a representation of the Islamic tradition, one of the monotheistic religions in Türkiye. Given this phenomenon, the study took a quantitative approach, giving a novel conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between spiritual transcendence, seismic fear, job satisfaction, job security, life satisfaction, and the moderating influence of optimism. Empirical data were acquired via surveys issued via Google Form to a total of 913 workers in Bali and Türkiye. The research data were analyzed using SmartPLS software and a structural equation modeling technique. Findings indicate that earthquake anxiety and the impact of spiritual transcendence on satisfaction and job security are stronger in Bali than in Türkiye. Additionally, spirituality holds greater significance for the Balinese sample compared to the Turkish sample. The study clarifies the implications of its findings and provides guidance for future research endeavors.

Prevalence of diabetes distress and its correlates among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a primary health center of Bihar - A cross-sectional study.

Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with many complications. Approximately 20% of people living with diabetes suffer from some form of depression. "Diabetes distress" (DD) is used to describe the significant negative psychological reactions related to emotional burdens and worries specific to an individual's experience to manage severe, complicated chronic disease such as diabetes. To determine the proportion having DD and to identify the sociodemographic and morbidity related factors associated with the presence of DD among adults with Type2DM who are being treated at PHC Naubatpur, Bihar. This facility based cross-sectional analytical study was done over 3 months among 260 Type2DM patients attending PHC Naubatpur. Sociodemographic details and morbidity related details were collected followed by PAID questionnaire to assess DD. Around 60% of the participants were of age ≤60 years. Majority (63.8%) of the participants were having diabetes from past 1-10years. One-fourth (24.6%) of them were having score of ≥40, therefore having DD. Alcohol consumption and presence of diabetes complications in the participants were found to be independent predictors of DD. This study showed a high (24.6%) prevalence of DD. It is essential to identify high-risk patients with different mental health needs. Healthcare providers should focus on reducing DD and devise ways to increase self-care practices and coping skills.

The time course of health-related Quality of Life in rectal cancer patients undergoing combined modality treatment

Background and purposeThis exploratory prospective observational study investigated the changes in Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in rectal cancer patients (RCPs), from diagnosis to one-year-post-surgery follow-up and explored the role of physical symptoms and psychological determinants on HRQoL at the different time points. Materials and methodsWe assessed HRQoL, psychological distress, coping, affectivity, alexithymia and social support in 43 RCPs treated with preoperative (chemo)radiation and surgery, at three different assessment time points: diagnosis (T0), one month after the end of preoperative treatment (T1), one month after resection surgery (T2), and at follow-up (T3). ResultsThe data showed that HRQoL decreased during active treatments, especially between T1 and T2 (p = 0.005), before increasing again at follow-up (p = 0.002).Baseline intestinal symptoms (p < 0.001) and negative affectivity trait (p = 0.03) significantly predicted HRQoL at T0. Baseline pain (p < 0.001), intestinal (p = 0.003) and urinary (p = 0.009) symptoms at T1 significantly predicted HRQoL at T1. A fatalistic coping style at T1 (p = 0.013), psychological distress (p = 0.003), mouth symptoms (p = 0.001) at T2 significantly predicted HRQoL at T2. Similarly, a fatalistic coping style at T1 (p = 0.006), psychological distress (p = 0.004), mouth (p = 0.002) and pain symptoms (p = 0.002) at T3 significantly predicted HRQoL at T3. ConclusionSeveral physical and psychological factors are involved in the changes occurring after diagnosis in RCPs’ HRQoL. While cancer-related symptoms and treatment-related physical side effects are the main predictors of HRQoL at diagnosis and during active treatments, early psychological reactions have a higher predictive weight in post-treatment HRQoL.These data emphasise the importance of active screening, early diagnosis, and preventive psychological interventions immediately after diagnosis to improve HRQoL and psychological health outcomes.

Understanding camping tourism experiences through thematic analysis: An embodiment perspective

Camping is a major form of nature tourism that emphasizes one’s physical presence in a natural environment for recreation. Despite research on recreation experiences, how one’s body and mind interact during camping tourism—and the physical environment’s contributions to these embodied experiences—has received limited academic attention. Theoretical tenets of embodiment include the roles of the external world, situational action, and physical states on people’s psychology and behavior. This study aimed to elucidate, from an embodiment perspective, the mechanisms underlying tourists’ camping experiences. Thematic analysis of 31 online blog posts revealed that the camping environment and physical activities elicit campers’ sensory experiences and subsequently stimulate psychological reactions. These sensory perceptions and responses lead to embodied experiences, which are composed of physiological experiences, cognitive experiences, and social experiences.

The Effects of Reiki on the Stress of Japanese Nurses: Mixed Methods Pilot Study.

Purpose: To identify the effects of Reiki on stress among Japanese nurses. Design: Mixed method and intervention design. Method: A nonprobability snowball sampling was used. Twenty-one nurses were invited to receive the Reiki intervention. Physical responses were measured by pulse rate, respiration rate, blood pressure rate, and salivary α-amylase activity pre- and postintervention. Psychological responses were evaluated by the mood dimensions and Total Mood Disturbance of the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition. To obtain qualitative data, semistructured interviews were conducted after the intervention, and a web-based questionnaire was completed the following day. Findings: Twenty-one participants completed the study, and results indicated that the Reiki intervention significantly improved psychological stress reactions. No significant differences were found in physical stress. Two categories were identified from qualitative data: "positive effects" and "negative effects". Codes including "warm," "body feeling more comfortable," and "stress awareness" emerged as the positive effects. No adverse events were indicated. Conclusion: The results are the first step toward holistic nursing care in Japan and quantitative and qualitative data confirmed that Reiki improved the psychological aspect of stress responses of Japanese nurses.

Investigation of the quality of life, mental status in patients with gynecological cancer and its influencing factors.

Having a gynecological tumor or undergoing treatment can be a traumatic experience for women, as it affects their self-image and sexual relationships and can lead to psychological reactions. Psychological adjustment following cancer occurrence remains a key issue among the survivors. To examine the current status of quality of life (QoL), anxiety, and depression in patients with gynecological cancer and to analyze the factors associated with it. Data for 160 patients with gynecological malignancies treated at Shanxi Bethune Hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Patients' QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Questionnaire. Their emotional status was evaluated using the Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale. The associated factors of anxiety and depression were analyzed. The overall QoL score of the patients 6 months after surgery was 76.39 ± 3.63 points. This included low levels of social and emotional function and severe fatigue and pain. The scores for physiological, functional, emotional, social, and family well-being exhibited an upward trend following surgery compared with those before surgery. One month after surgery, some patients experienced anxiety and depression, with an incidence of 18.75% and 18.13%, respectively. Logistic analysis revealed that good sleep was a protective factor against anxiety and depression in patients with gynecological tumors, whereas physical pain was a risk factor. Patients with gynecological malignancies often experience anxiety and depression. By analyzing the factors that affect patients' QoL, effective nursing measures can be administered.

Moral injury appraisals and complex PTSD in refugees: A longitudinal study.

Refugees show elevated rates of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). However, relatively little is known regarding the psychological mechanisms that underlie the association between exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and CPTSD following exposure to war, persecution and displacement. In this study, we investigated the potential mediating role of moral injury appraisals (cognitive appraisals regarding the experience and consequences of morally transgressive events) in the association between PTE exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) symptoms. Participants were 889 refugees from Arabic-, Farsi-, Tamil-, and English-speaking backgrounds who completed an online survey in their own language at two time points 12 months apart. We assessed PTE exposure, moral injury-other appraisals (appraising moral transgressions as enacted by others), moral injury-self appraisals (appraising moral transgressions as enacted by the self), PTSD symptoms, and DSO symptoms. Longitudinal structural equation modeling indicated that moral injury-other appraisals mediated the association between PTE exposure and both PTSD and DSO symptoms. In contrast, moral injury-self appraisals only mediated the association between PTE exposure and DSO symptoms. Findings highlight the role of moral injury appraisals in exacerbating traditional PTSD symptoms, as well as the broader symptoms characteristic of CPTSD. Further, results indicate that specific types of moral injury appraisals (relating to one's own and others' perceived moral transgressions) may lead to differential psychological reactions, raising important implications for clinical practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Stress and Learning Achievements in University Students in Juliaca-Puno, Peru

The main objective of the development of the article was to determine the relationship between stress and learning achievements in university students from Juliaca, Puno, Peru. The methodology was developed based on a basic study, a correlational level of non-experimental design, with a longitudinal section in which a sample of 320 university students was used. Descriptive statistics and a Pearson chi-square correlation test were used. Based on the results, it was obtained that the average age of the students is 29 years, mostly female, single marital status, family economic level of the vital minimum, most have an average of 78.9 learning achievements, while the average learning achievements were 14.3. It was found that the dimensions of physical reactions (p=0.021), psychological reactions (p=0.03) and behavioral reactions (p=-0.035) were significantly related to learning achievements. As a conclusion, it was found that the physical, psychological and behavioral aspects of stress significantly affect the learning achievement of university students in the city of Juliaca.

Surgical pathway for HIV‑infected patients based on the ERAS strategy (Review).

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), which is based on evidence-based medicine, focuses on patients and aims to reduce the psychological and physiological trauma stress reactions and complications of patients, thus shortening the duration of hospitalization, promoting rapid recovery and reducing medical expenses, readmission rate and mortality rates. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Patients with HIV/AIDS, as with other patient populations, can suffer from several surgical-related diseases. Therefore, the need for surgery in this group of patients exists and the surgical services required by patients with AIDS has gradually become an urgent matter of concern. According to relevant literature and the authors' clinical experience, the present review summarizes the current surgical approaches for patients infected with HIV based on ERAS. In the present review, the related issues observed at different stages of surgery, including pre-operative, intra-operative, post-operative and follow-up stages, are discussed.

Physical and cognitive anxiety in school sports competitions and their impact on the performance of female basketball players in school teams at the middle school. A field study of some middle schools in Chlef

This study attempted to delve into one of the most important topics in the scientific and sports arenas. The subject concerns a sensitive group in society, particularly students in general, and middle school students in particular. The study aimed to address an educational aspect related to school sports and how their performance is affected by psychological changes and reactions, such as cognitive and physical anxiety during sports competitions. The focus was on basketball specialisation in inter-school sports league competitions.

Metrology analysis and thoughts of literatures on tinnitus associated with sudden deafness based on CiteSpace

Objective: To explore the incidence of sudden deafness accompanied with tinnitus, the selection of examination protocols and treatment, and to provide reference for the establishment of new guidelines for sudden deafness. Methods: CiteSpace software was used for analysis and data mining to analyze and summarize the computer-retrieved articles on diagnostic examination and treatment of sudden deafness accompanied with tinnitus collected from CNIC, Wanfang and Web of Science databases from 2011 to 2021. Results: A total of 207 randomized controlled studies were retrieved in this study, including 121 in Chinese and 86 in English. Finally, 74 Chinese literatures and 16 English literatures were included. Among the 74 valid Chinese literatures, 64 (86.5%) were accompanied with tinnitus, 58 (78.4%) with dizziness/vertigo, 25 (33.8%) with aural fullness, 10 (13.5%) with headache, 4 (5.4%) with insomnia, 4 (5.4%) with a mixture of dizziness and tinnitus, and 2 (2.7%) with vomiting. Among the 16 English literatures, 15 (93.8%) were accompanied with tinnitus, 12 (75.0%) with vertigo, 1 (6.3%) with aural fullness, and 1 (6.3%) with a mixture of various symptoms. Among the 64 Chinese articles mentioning tinnitus, only 9 mentioned tinnitus matching tests, and 1 mentioned that the treatment for tinnitus accompanying symptoms was sound therapy and psychological counseling. The incidence rates of tinnitus accompanying four different types of sudden deafness, from low to high, are as follows: low-to-mid frequency, 82.4%; mid-to-high frequency, 90.7%; complete deafness, 92.4%; and flat type, 92.8%. Conclusion: Tinnitus is the most common accompanying symptom of sudden deafness, and tinnitus matching test is an effective evaluation method. When establishing a scientific, comprehensive, and systematic diagnosis and treatment system or guidelines for sudden deafness, attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of tinnitus symptoms and their adverse psychological reactions, in order to reduce the incidence of tinnitus patients in the later stage of recovery from sudden deafness.

Coping strategies, psychological reactions, and supportive needs of fathers with premature newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit

PurposeThe research aimed to determine the psychological reactions, coping strategies, and support needs of fathers of newborns in the NICU. Methods210 fathers of preterm newborns in the NICU in Iran completed the hospital anxiety and depression questionnaire, Abbreviated form of Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory (Brief-Cope), and fathers' support needs questionnaire. ResultsThe mean (SD) of depression and anxiety scores were 9.51 (2.3) and 9.05 (2.2), respectively. 63% of the fathers used emotion-oriented coping methods. Most of their support needs were expressed in self and family care dimensions. The results showed a significant correlation between avoidance coping strategies and fathers' depression (r = 0.15, P = 0.02). ConclusionConsidering the experience of anxiety and depression in the fathers of preterm newborns hospitalized in NICU departments, nurses must support them. They can manage fathers' psychological reactions by identifying and meeting their support needs. Nurses should plan interventions that reduce fathers' use of avoidant coping strategies.

Exploring the psychological problems of mothers having the experience of death of children with untreatable genetic disorders: A qualitative study.

A newborn with an untreatable genetic disorder could disrupt a family and affect parents' mental health, psycho-social interaction, and parent-child relationships. This study was conducted to explore the psychological problems of mothers having the children with untreatable genetic disorders. This qualitative study was performed using the conventional content analysis method on 15 mothers having the children with untreatable genetic disorders selected by purposeful sampling. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim immediately and imported into MAXQDA10 software. Lundman and Granheim's content analysis method and Guba and Lincoln's proposed criteria for assessing rigor of the results were used. Overall, 1067 primary codes were extracted from the interviews and after the integration of similarities grouped into 19 sub-categories and three major categories including psychological reactions before diagnosis, after determined diagnosis, and after the child's death. The results showed that having the child with untreatable genetic disorder is considered as a notable psychological trauma and causes painful psychological reactions in parents. In this regard, the following approaches are recommended to health professionals: continuous monitoring of mental health of these families, developing a family education program, emotional and psychological support, and genetic counseling.

Gestalt Approach to Working with Psychological Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Although not all people who experience trauma experience long-term negative consequences, quite often the experience of trauma affects psychological, social, physical and professional functioning, which determines the need to study techniques for processing it. The term trauma refers to experiences that cause intense physical and psychological stress reactions. The article provides an overview of theories of trauma, the concept of existential trauma, its types, as well as modern approaches to the treatment of trauma-related disorders. The existential context of the traumatic experience is indicated. Gestalt Trauma Therapy is a step-by-step model based on Gestalt principles that integrates key common factors and elements of other evidence-based approaches to trauma treatment. Gestalt therapy covers the general factors of psychotherapy and corresponds to the three main stages of trauma therapy: assessment, trauma-related work, and closure. The described model of Gestalt trauma therapy is considered effective for working with traumatic experiences.

Psychological distress and coping skills used by individuals in the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Psychological distress, as a key indicator, describes a person's emotional problems and psychological reactions to adapt to the environment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies used by individuals during the crisis caused by COVID-19. The current research is an analytical cross-sectional study that was designed in 2021. The sampling area included the three cities of Lar, Gerash, and Evaz in the south of Fars province in the south of Iran. The study population was the residents of these three cities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The final sample size in the present study was 384 people. Individuals were selected through available sampling. By answering questions from the self-assessment system of COVID-19 disease, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education filled out the necessary information for individual screening and registration of the symptoms of COVID-19 disease. Then, they completed the Coping Methods Questionnaire and the Psychological Distress Questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 40.90 years. One hundred sixty-seven (43.5%) participants were male, and 217 (56.5%) were female. The mean score of problem-oriented coping style was significantly different between the levels of education (P = 0.001). The mean score of problem-solving coping style for the participants suspected of being infected with COVID-19 was 6.18 scores lower than others, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Multiple regression with a forward selection also showed that among the studied variables, age, problem-oriented, and emotion-oriented coping strategies were important variables affecting mental distress. People who were not suspected of having COVID-19 symptoms had a higher mean problem-oriented coping score than those who were suspected of having COVID-19. Therefore, early identification of suspects and the implementation of counseling and training programs can be very effective.

ANALYSIS OF THE EMOTIONAL USER EXPERIENCE ON NETFLIX INDONESIA'S EMOTIONAL BRANDING THROUGH INSTAGRAM ACCOUNTS

The rise of Over the Top (OTT) internet content services like Netflix has revolutionized the entertainment industry. Netflix Indonesia employs emotional branding through the Instagram account @netflixid. The research aims to describe user experiences with Netflix Indonesia's emotional branding on Instagram and analyze it through the @netflixid account based on user experiences. Using marketing communication theory, specifically emotional branding, the qualitative descriptive research with a phenomenological approach involved four purposively selected informants. Results reveal an emotional bond between users and the Netflix brand through the @netflixid Instagram account. This emotional experience involves feelings, emotions, and psychological reactions during interactions with content uploaded by Netflix Indonesia on its account, @netflixid. Netflix's Instagram content, encompassing relationship elements, sensory experiences, imagination, and vision, is crucial in emotional branding. Additionally, the study discovered that posts featuring behind-the-scenes content, user-generated content, and interactive polls further strengthened the emotional connection between users and Netflix. This research highlights the connection between user emotional experiences and Netflix Indonesia's emotional branding through the @netflixid Instagram account. The study underscores the importance of leveraging social media platforms to enhance brand loyalty and user engagement. Moreover, it suggests that continuous engagement and timely responses to user comments on Instagram posts significantly contribute to the emotional bond between the brand and its audience. By understanding and implementing these strategies, Netflix Indonesia can further solidify its position in the competitive OTT market, ensuring long-term success and sustained user satisfaction

Coincidental discovery of HIV and pregnancy positive status in primary healthcare facilities.

HIV-positive and pregnancy diagnosis is a traumatic, shocking, and distressing experience for women. Adoption of routine HIV counselling and testing in the antenatal programme aimed to increase the uptake and the early diagnosis of HIV among pregnant women to prevent maternal HIV transmission to unborn babies and neonates. The study aimed to explore the psychological reaction of women coincidentally discovering their HIV-positive status and pregnancy while seeking medical care in primary healthcare facilities in the Tshwane district. Descriptive phenomenology involving a semi-structured in-depth interview was used to collect data. The sample was purposively selected. Twenty-eight women participated in the research project. Face-to-face in-depth audio recorded interviews were used to gain a full understanding of the experiences and feelings of the participants. Reason for the uptake of pregnancy and HIV testing, reactions upon discovering HIV and pregnancy-positive status, emotions arising from the pregnancy and HIV-positive diagnosis, understanding HIV infection in pregnancy, and transitions to acceptance and coping with the HIV-positive diagnosis were themes that emerged from this study. It is crucial that responsible healthcare workers consider this psychological imbalance during their offering of antenatal and postnatal care services so that the pregnant women living with HIV can accept and cope with the situation.Contribution:This study accounts to support other studies that offer intense counselling for women coincidentally discovering their positive HIV status and pregnancy. It is important to remedy the acceptance of the situation and to promote HIV prevention and family planning for women of childbearing age.

A deeper form of reflection: perezhivanie as a tool for teacher development

ABSTRACT Crediting Vygotsky in introducing perezhivanie, I argue that perezhivanie acts analogously to reflection in problem solving and much beyond that and can be used as a developmental tool for teachers. Analyzing teacher’s perezhivanie, a mentor can better understand their practice. Teachers’ perezhivanie is a psychological reaction to a problematic situation in the classroom, comprising several stages from cognitive dissonance to meaning making, and performing a new activity to resolve the problem. My argument is based on a narrative study into 10 university language teachers’ experiences. Using the structural elements of the narrative, data from one participant were iteratively analyzed and presented in this article to discuss the teacher’s perezhivanie when she tried to solve emerging problems in the classroom. The analysis traces the relation of two immanent characteristics of perezhivanie, its process and content, to teachers’ agency. The article suggests how perezhivanie can be meaningfully incorporated into in-service mentoring programs.

Unthinkable actions

Abstract For each person, some actions are unthinkable: performing them requires crossing a line that one's conscience cannot allow crossing. This article explores what such unthinkability is. In doing so, it introduces a novel categorization of theories of action and practical reason. The article argues that an action is unthinkable if and only if the agent judges that she should never treat any consideration as a reason in favor of performing this action. This view meets two important tests. The first is ‘Failure’: a theory of unthinkable action must allow for the conceptual possibility of doing the unthinkable and explain what is special about the failure implicated in doing the unthinkable, especially in comparison to the failure implicated in akratic action. The second is ‘Incapacity’: a theory of unthinkability must distinguish between not doing something because it is unthinkable and not doing something because of an extremely negative psychological reaction.

Psychological aspects of ensuring a positive public perception of the army

The study is dedicated to examining the psychological approaches to ensuring a positive image of the army by society, which is crucial in the context of contemporary socio-political changes and conflicts. Given the increasing importance of national security, forming a positive image of the Armed Forces is essential for maintaining the morale of the population and ensuring their support for military operations. In the course of the study, theoretical analysis of literature and content analysis of media materials were used to explore the psychological approaches to ensuring a positive perception of the military by society. The research showed that forming this image is a complex task that requires coordinated efforts from state institutions, military structures, and the media. The application of psychological technologies, such as information-psychological operations and PR campaigns, as well as the integration of the military into cultural and social projects, significantly enhances the effectiveness of these efforts. Developing communication strategies aimed at different social groups, including youth, the elderly, veterans, and the families of military personnel, allows for more accurate consideration of the psychological characteristics and needs of each group, contributing to more effective formation of a positive perception. Systematic research on public opinion and psychological reactions to various aspects of military service and the activities of the Armed Forces is necessary for timely identification of problem areas and adjustment of communication strategies. An important component is also the psychological training of military personnel, aimed at developing their communication skills, stress resilience, and ability to interact effectively with the civilian population. The use of modern information technologies and new media to disseminate information about the activities of the Armed Forces ensures broad audience coverage and increases trust in military structures. Therefore, ensuring a positive perception of the military by society is a multidimensional task that contributes to strengthening national security, boosting the morale of the population, and forming a stable social environment in the face of contemporary challenges.