Psychological Protection Research Articles

Vklad NKVD SSSR v razgrom nemecko-fashistskih zahvatchikov: istoricheskaya rol' v Stalingradskoj bitve

The article updates the role of the PCIA during the Great Patriotic War. It highlights the heroic feat of the 10th division of the PCIA under the leadership of A. A. Saraev in the Battle of Stalingrad. It is noted the courage and perseverance of police officers, whose tasks in the defense of the city were associated with fighting, participation in the organization of the partisan movement, protection, evacuation of citizens, and the fight against saboteurs. The historical significance of the Battle of Stalingrad in World War II is emphasized. It tells about the traditions of the Hero City of Volgograd and the continuity of generations, about the eternal memory and gratitude for the feat of compatriots. Through the prism of the events of the war years, the issues of information and psychological protection of the victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War and countering the falsification of history are raised.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FEATURES OF CHILDREN’S AND PARENTS’ PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS

The description of the generally accepted mechanisms of protection which are used by the person is given. The positive and negative consequences for the protective mechanisms of adults and children are analyzed. The main features of the mechanisms of psychological protection are highlighted: impulsiveness, distortion of reality, lack of awareness of the subject of protective forms of behavior. It is emphasized that the protective mechanisms in children are protective and maintain the normal psychological status of the individual. The main causes of protective mechanisms in children are named: anxiety reactions to physical discomfort, fear of separation and independence, fear of death, fear of submission, fear of change. The relevance of this study is substantiated and the purpose of the study is formulated. The procedure for conducting the diagnostic stage of the study is described, the sample is described, as well as the psychological tools. The results of an empirical study of the protective mechanisms of children and their parents are presented. The dominant strategies of psychological protection in two samples are singled out. The content of the dominant protective mechanisms of children and their parents is revealed. The presence of significant differences between the indicators of protective mechanisms of children of different ages was checked. The results of our study are compared with generally accepted ideas about the main mechanisms of psychological protection in children and adults. The main conclusion of the research is made, possible prospects of further scientific developments are formulated.

Толерантность к неопределенности как предиктор стратегии адаптации в условиях пандемии COVID-19 студентов-психологов

The aim of the study is to identify the correlation between tolerance/intolerance to uncertainty with coping strategies and mechanisms of psychological protection of the individual in the conditions of adaptation to situations with a high degree of uncertainty associated with the coronavirus pandemic. A positive correlation was established between tolerance to uncertainty and the protective mechanisms of “humor” and “compensation”, and a negative correlation with the mechanism of “omnipotent control”. Increasing the level of tolerance to uncertainty entails: 1) increased levels of regression and withdrawal in uncertain situations; 2) reduced readiness for systematic problem solving and the emergence of an inability to separate emotions about the situation from its cognitive solution; 3) reduced ability to enter into active opposition with uncertainty, reduced ability to humor and positive reassessment of an uncertain situation. In addition, an increase in the level of interpersonal tolerance to uncertainty leads to an increase in the defense mechanisms and used coping strategies (passive aggression, dissociation, projection, displacement, substitution, distancing, etc.), which clearly indicates the perception of an uncertain situation by such students as extremely difficult, threatening, negative. Thus, tolerance to uncertainty is a significant resource for adaptive living by a person in the conditions of uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students with a high interpersonal tolerance to uncertainty are the most vulnerable to the uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The practical significance of the study is in the need to form the ability to constructive activity in conditions of uncertainty, which can be implemented in the process of training interventions. Further research may be based on considering the relationship between tolerance to uncertainty and other factors of adaptation to the conditions of uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of the study is associated with the scarcity of works on the assessment of adaptive resources of the individual in the conditions of uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Особливості професійно-психологічної підготовки слідчих Національної поліції України до допиту дітей – жертв насильства

The scientific article is devoted to the issues of improving the process of professional and psychological training the investigators of the National Police of Ukraine in the field of interrogation of children – the victims of violence. The current problems of the spread the various forms of violence against children, the choice of the vector the police services at the international level, with a focus on international standards, require significant revision and updating the training programs for specialists involved in criminal proceedings with children – the victims of violence. The purpose of the article is to research the features of professional and psychological training the investigators of the National Police of Ukraine to interrogate children – victims of violence as one of the main characteristics of the professional success and ensuring the rights of a child. Methodology. In preparation the article one used some general and special scientific methods of cognition, in particular: historical, philosophical and legal, comparative, systemic, functional, generalization and psychological methods: questionnaires, surveys, interviews, testing. Scientific novelty. As a result of an empirical research of the current condition and problems of the professional and psychological training of the National Police investigators for the interrogation of children - victims of violence, its role and significance, the ways to improve professional and psychological training have been identified. On this basis, we have developed proposals to optimize the professional and psychological training of investigators by making changes to vocational and postgraduate education programs, as well as the development of special courses and optional training programs using the training ground «Green Room». Conclusions. The analysis of the problem the professional and psychological preparation of investigators for interrogation the children – victims of violence, showed that in the process of professional development of specialists it is necessary to take into account requests the practical activities, modern methods and aids, to provide the use of practice-oriented methods of interactive adult study, and also providing psychological and methodological assistance to the specialists involved in criminal proceedings with children. Thus, the comprehensive professional and psychological preparation of NPU investigators for the interrogation the children – victims of violence, will ensure the effective performance the professional tasks and improve the condition of real legal and psychological protection of the child – the victim of a crime. The issues covered are not final and require further scientific investigations. Keywords: rights; freedoms of a child; professional and psychological training; investigator; interrogation; the child – the victim; violence.

Коррекция психологических защит и тревожности студентов с помощью тренинговых VR-программ

This paper describes the correction of psychological defenses and anxiety of students through virtual training programs to optimize the educational process. The materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of students of Smolensk universities are presented. The study involved respondents (N=63) aged 18 to 25 years (M=19.4, SD=0.25), of which 84% were male, 16% were female. The study was conducted in several stages. For the correction of mental characteristics were used, the test "Anxiety Research" was used (questionnaire of Ch.D. Spielberger-Yu.L. Khanina), the "Lifestyle Index" methodology, a virtual reality program to overcome nyctophobia. The reliability of the results obtained on changes in anxiety indicators and mechanisms of psychological protection of students was checked using the Fisher statistical criterion (F). The obtained results make it possible to say that the most sensitive to the effects of VR in the framework of the conversation were protective mechanisms: repression, regression, substitution, denial, which change the assessment of what is happening and the adequacy of behavioral and emotional reactions. Indicators for the "rationalization" mechanism in the control group and in the experimental group also underwent changes, but without significant results.

Soviet Nostalgia of the Post-Soviet Digital Generation

The processes of formation and transformation of collective memory are complex and multifaceted. Research on this phenomenon is carried out in various fields of scientific knowledge and on different planes — from epistemological procedures to specific phenomena, such as nostalgia. This article is devoted to identifying the place and role of nostalgic processes in the collective memory of the digital generation of Russian students. This type of nostalgia can be denoted as “somebody else’s nostalgia”, nostalgia for the times unlived-in, etc. And it requires special study, because of some paradoxicality. From the methodological point of view, the study is based on a combination of analytical and qualitative sociological methods (in-depth interviews). The results of the study showed that nostalgia for the Soviet past is a real phenomenon of today’s collective memory of Russian society, affecting all its social strata and age groups. The reason for this massive spread of the phenomenon is rooted in the general unstable social conditions of human existence in the post­Soviet world, in the loss of confidence in the general idea of progressive course of history, and in progressiste liberation rhetoric in the absence of real socio-­political projects. In the digital generation of Russian students «nostalgia for things Soviet» takes the form of “nostalgia without memory”, in that it is a way of psychological protection from the present by reconstructing the memory of the great past. The space of this memory represents another deformation of the nostalgic phenomenon since it is not formed on the basis of personal emotional experience, which includes longing for childhood and the life lived, but is nourished by the memory of previous generations and by the media.

Global trends in increasing the level of psychological protection during decompression in the context of NATO’s international experience

Research background: World processes of society development are closely connected with many aspects and spheres. World peace, a life without war, is a global goal that is an international goal. An important role in this issue is played by servicemen who defend their country, while sacrificing their own health and lives. Research on the psychology of servicemen is necessary in general in all countries, because psychological disorders occur in absolutely everyone. Coping is a strategy of behavior in complex stressful situations, which is chosen by servicemen to deal with stress. This is a kind of response of the psyche, which is an adaptive mechanism at the time of negative impact. The choice of coping strategies is determined by a number of personality traits that determine the dominant pattern of behavior of a particular serviceman during decompression. Purpose of the article: is to study the personality traits of servicemen, which determine the choice of coping strategies during decompression activities. Methods: research methods are theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization), empirical (surveys, observations, testing, interviews), methods of mathematical statistics (to establish the type of data distribution -Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria, to establish connections - Pearson's criterion, Student's criterion, multiple regression analysis - Fischer's criterion). Findings & Value added: The personal determinants of the choice of coping strategies by servicemen during decompression are established. The obtained results of empirical research form the basis for the psychological technology of development of personal determinants of the choice of effective coping strategies of servicemen at the stage of decompression.

Attitude and coping before death: A current challenge for nurses in times of pandemic [Actitud y afrontamiento ante la muerte: Un desafío actual para los profesionales de enfermería en tiempos de pandemia

Currently the pandemic has caused health systems to collapse due to the high demand of patients with VOC 19 with a high risk of mortality bringing with it pain, suffering and death. Objective: To determine the relationship between a nurse's attitude and coping with the death of a cancer patient with COVID-19 in the Critical Care Unit. Methodology: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional and non-experimental design approach. The population is made up of a total of 65 nursing professionals who work in the Critical Care Unit. An instrument was applied on attitudes towards death CAM with 3 dimensions: affective, behavioral and cognitive, with 33 items and the Bugen Scale for facing death with 30 items, both Likert scales. The results show that there is a significant correlation 0.039 between both variables and in the case of the nurse's attitude according to the dimensions: cognitive, behavioral, affective and coping, their correlations are: 0.521, 0.719, 0.015 respectively. It is concluded that the attitude and the coping of the nursing professional in the face of the death of the cancer patient with COVID 19, assume a posture of resilience to offer continuous nursing care to ensure, restore and safeguard the life of the person as a priority in their leading role within the health system based on commitment and social responsibility despite the threats of existing occupational risks. It is suggested to offer psychological protection to diminish the potential risks in the emotional health and quality of work life.

Features of psychological training of athletes for competitive activity in strength sports

The article emphasizes that the psychological preparation of athletes to participate in competitive activities is a complex process of sports improvement. Emphasis is placed on the athlete's ability to overcome unexpected obstacles, to control himself, to quickly assess the situation, make decisions and implement them. The main measures of general and special psychological training and mechanisms of psychological protection against negative actions during competitions of athletes specializing in power sports are analyzed.
 It is noted that in power sports the conditions in which competitions take place differ from the conditions of training sessions. Coaches and psychologists should train athletes not only physically and tactically, but also develop their ability to withstand many pre-competitive and competitive factors that have a disorganizing effect and cause a mismatch of functions, ie reduce reliability in competitive activities. It is determined that the main components of achieving results in strength sports are: physical shape, technical and psychological training.
 Preparation for the start can be carried out at low energy consumption or, conversely, at high power consumption in a state of strong excitation. These differences in intensity can be assessed as follows: from a purely subjective point of view - then talk about the degree of immersion in preparation for the activity; from an objective point of view - then it is necessary to determine the level of nervous and somatic functioning, which underlies the state of readiness of the athlete. In this context, we should consider the concept of activation, which simultaneously means a rapid increase in the activity of the central nervous system, and the resulting intensification of peripheral processes. It is indisputable that the more extreme the competition, the more intense the athlete's mechanisms of activation of mental and physiological functions, which directly affect the effectiveness of performance. Moreover, this happens in an arbitrary (or even involuntary) mode.
 Before the responsible start the installation connected with expectation of the most probable result of competitions is formed. Often the installation is formed on an unconscious level, but the more complex in its structure is the future activit y, the more in the formed formation is dominated by conscious, volitional components.

Аутопсихологический механизм аутодеструктивного поведения подростков

The paper is devoted to the actual problem of auto-destructive behavior of adolescents. This behavior is not aimed at self-realization, but at self-destruction, degradation, and premature death. Self-awareness contradictions are the driving forces of self-destructive behavior. The author analyzes the characteristics of self-consciousness of adolescents, its inconsistency and ways to resolve these contradictions, regardless of the type of auto-destruction and gender of minors. Through a series of diagnostic studies and statistical procedures, an autopsychological mechanism of self-destructive behavior has been established as a way to resolve self-consciousness contradictions. The study involved 100 adolescents with auto-destruction. The essence of self-destruction is contradiction as the desire to resolve self-destructive motives and the inability to implement this desire constructively. Teenagers believe that they are able to control their behavior and this same quality of personality causes them to feel self-blame. The second position wins. As a result, psychological protection is triggered. To explain their inability to stop self-destructive behavior, teenagers declare themselves anxious (suggestible). They respond to negativity from others by adopting group norms without taking into account their social norm.

Protection Against Negative Information-Psychological Influences in Conditions of Hybrid War

The publication is dedicated to questions of individual protection from negative information-psychological influences, considering the phenomenon of «hybrid war». The essence of the concepts «hybrid war» and «negative information-psychological (manipulative) influences are revealed». It is substantiated that the concept of hybrid war has been for a long time used in the West military discourse and is not something new but widely known as «unconventional» war. It is said that there are a lot of different ways of message dissemination in modern oversaturated society that influence personality’s consciousness. At the same time mass media are the most efficient instrument of information and psychological influence and that is why they are considered to be a part of strategic forces of informational confrontation. It is determined that the ability of the individual to counteract manipulative influences is understood as the implementation of anti-manipulative mechanisms (methods, technologies and techniques of psychological protection) on the basis of developed emotional-volitional stability, aimed at ensuring constructive personality’s behavior. The necessity of organizing protection against negative information-psychological influences at the social, group and personal levels is substantiated. It is noted that the media is the most effective tool for the implementation of information-psychological influence on large groups of people and therefore they can be considered part of the strategic forces of information confrontation. It is determined the main measures to protect the population from such hidden influences, which should be implemented in the general system of information and propaganda support in order to form a stable and controlled moral and psychological state of the population and troops. It is substantiated that given these levels, measures and other psychological prerequisites for combating manipulative influences, the individuals will be able to optimize their own anti-manipulative behavior and successfully organize the work on the psychological protection implementation under any conditions of influence.

COVID-19 in modern Russian laughter discourse: psycholinguistic method of devaluation of danger as an effective method of psychological protection

The mysterious Russian soul is always looking for non-trivial aspects of a problem. The modern coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has become the subject of ridicule in the everyday laughing practices of Russian people. In this case, the laughing discourse acts as a form of psychological defense and struggle against the inevitable evil. The importance of the research is due to the lack of knowledge of the communicative and cognitive aspects of laughter discourse and the need to study the modern anecdote on the topic "coronavirus pandemic" in the aspect of forming the stability of the human psyche in the conditions of pandemics and isolation. The relevance of this work is also determined by the fact that it expands the empirical base of discourse linguistics, LSP theory and practice, motivology and emotive linguistics, whose interests include consideration of the problem of the influence of emotions on language. The relevance of the work also lies in the fact that special attention is paid to the little-studied phenomenon of "black humor", which is vividly represented in the laughing discourse about coronavirus. Unfortunately, today Russia occupies the leading positions in terms of the number of people infected with virus COVID-19. Archetypal fear of unknown Evil, of invisible death evoke chthonic experiences of the unconscious from the depths of the subconscious, actualizing the laughable techniques of devaluing danger as one of the effective methods of psychological protection. The world stereotype defines Russian people as frowning and unsmiling, extremely hostile to the world around them. The article reveals the specifics of modern Russian anecdotes about COVID-19. This allows the reader to understand what the stress resistance and resilience of the Russian person in a situation of degenerate press of negative information in various media is. This situation is complicated by fake news stories about the pandemic. What are Russian people laughing at during the pandemic? What helps them survive and stay mentally healthy in this situation? What is the specifics of Russian jokes about the pandemic? How do these anecdotes structure a person's inner space in a new way? What Parallels can we find in a laughing culture that plays up the stigmatized situations of tragedies, wars, and epidemics? This article is intended as an attempt to answer these and other questions.

Вплив надзвичайних ситуацій на психологічний стан людини

The influence of emergency situations on the psychological state of the victims is shown. Their frequency, typical for the modern world, carries threats to life and personal dangers. The negative thing is that emergency situations occur suddenly and at night, are accompanied by disruption of communications, and in cases of natural disasters, a sharp deterioration in weather conditions occurs. It has been proven that 12-15% of persons in emergency situations retain self-control, the ability to rationally assess the situation, to act clearly and decisively even in the most difficult conditions. The basis for this is the level of psychological protection that is formed in everyday activities. The reaction (passive, active) of people to emergencies is revealed. In some, the sense of danger turns into feelings of doom and inevitability, they become completely helpless, confused, incapable of purposeful actions (for example, to protect). Others – under the influence of a threatening situation, they feel the rise of spiritual and physical strength, they can begin to act more persistently and tirelessly. In some people, the instinct of self-preservation causes a desire to escape, to avoid threatening circumstances, in others it mobilizes and tunes in to active actions. Speaking about assessing the negative impact of certain adverse factors that arise during emergencies, one should distinguish between normal and pathological reactions of people. In the first case, the psychological clarity of the reaction becomes important, its occurrence, as a result of an emergency, and mainly a short duration. The working capacity of a person is preserved (albeit reduced), there is contact with people around him, and a critical assessment of his actions remains. Six stages of behavior of people caught in an emergency situation are identified, the behavior of each stage is characterized. Under the influence of stress factors, there is a risk of pathological changes in the structure of the personality, which are the basis for the development of personal disharmony. To reveal individual and collective methods of protecting people in emergency situations (a person's desire to go beyond the influence of harmful factors (to avoid danger, to protect himself, etc.). Panic was revealed as the most dangerous and negative factor caused by real or perceived danger, which may involve one or more people.

IMPACT OF ANXIETY AND TERROR OF DEATH ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS ON CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS

The aim of the study was to identify the terror of death and anxiety level in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving renal replacement therapy using chronic hemodialysis (HD) and to evaluate the impact of patients' psychological status on medical staff, selection of basic methods of psychotherapeutic care for patients in this category. We involved 37 patients, aged 33-72 years (mean, 45.6 ± 3.8 years). The duration of chronic HD ranged from 8 months to 10 years, with an average of 4.6 years. All the patients had a stable nutritional status, HD regimen and drug therapy for at least 3 months. To diagnose the psychological state of patients we used: the scale of self-assessment of the level of situational and personal anxiety (Spielberger-Hanin’s Scale), personal questionnaire for changes at the onset of HD therapy, elements of a clinical interview, image apperception test (simplified version of Thematic apperception test., Bechterev’s Institute Personal Questionnaire for Diagnosis of Type of Illness (LOBI), Locus of control and personal changes after initiation of HD therapy.
 We found that the: adaptation of the patient to HD therapy is complicated due to the high degree of anxiety and maladaptive terror of death, which reduce the patient’s quality of life. The HD procedure increases the level of situational anxiety and requires psycho-correction. HD therapy requires activation of the patient's psychological protection mechanisms, since the dominant protective mechanisms of the psyche in this type of substitution treatment are displacement and negation. The inflexible and rigid use of the latter provokes maladaptive reactions when interacting with healthcare providers, a non-constructive approach to lifestyle choices, work-rest regime, and diet. Patients with a maladaptive mode of adjustment to HD therapy require psychotherapy assistance. There is a need to monitor the psychological status of not only patients, but also medical staff, which due to the specificity of the contingent increases the level of contingent own terror of death. Doctors of HD units require participation in mutual support groups.

Studi Komparatif Antara Justice Collaborator Dengan Whistleblower Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi

Whistleblower dan Justice Collaborator berperan untuk memudahkan pengungkapan tindak pidana korupsi, karena tidak lain adalah orang yang berkecimpung dalam institusi yang ditengarai adanya praktik korupsi, dengan kata lain keterangan saksi tersebut menjadi kunci bagi pengungkapan suatu kasus tindak pidana korupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaan antara justice collaborator dan whistleblower dalam tindak pidana korupsi, dan bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi keduanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris dengan analisis data kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa persamaan whistleblower dan justice collaborator terdapat pada 3 (tiga) kategori yaitu visi dan misi dalam mengungkap tindak pidana korupsi, jaminan perlindungan baik berupa perlindungan fisik, psikis, dan hukum, dan penghargaan dimana whistleblower dan justice collaborator tidak dapat dituntut pidana dan perdata serta diberikan keringanan hukuman. Selain persamaan tersebut, terdapat juga perbedaan antara whistleblower dan justice collaborator terbagi dalam 4 (empat) kategori, yaitu subjek, motivasi, jaminan perlindungan, dan hukum acara. Adapun perlindungan antara justice collaborator dan whistleblower dalam tindak pidana korupsi yaitu perlindungan hukum berupa merahasiakan identitas saksi dan memberikan pengamanan terhadap saksi dalam proses persidangan baik perlindungan fisik, psikis, dan hukum.

The Features of Psychological Defenses of Women with Different States of Family Functioning and Family Interaction

The aim of the article is to determine the features of psychological defenses of women with different states of family functioning and family interaction and their interrelation with personal characteristics, psychological and emotional states and indicators of family crisis. The following methods of research were used: theoretical (study, systematic analysis and generalization of socio-psychological, medical and psychological literature on the research topic); psychodiagnostic (observation, conversation, survey, testing); statistical (quantitative and qualitative analysis of experimental data). The results of the research. The analysis of the results of the study revealed the features of psychological defenses of women and men from crisis families, divorced women and women from normative families. A comparative analysis of psychological defenses of women and men was made, an analysis of the interrelation between psychological defenses and psychological and emotional states, factors of family crisis and personal qualities of women with different states of family functioning and family interaction and men from crisis families. Conclusion. An analysis of the stress of psychological defenses found that all the groups had problems with psychological defense of substitution and denial. In addition, the following stresses of psychological defenses were identified by groups: women in crisis – rationalization, regression; men and divorced – rationalization. Comparative analysis of the frequency of use and expression of mechanisms of psychological protection showed a significant difference among women and men from crisis families by the following indicators: displacement, regression, compensation, intellectualization, hypercompensation; among women from crisis families and divorced by indicators: denial, regression, compensation, projection, substitution, intellectualization; among women from crisis and normative families by projection indicator; women from normative families and divorced have a significant difference by indicator of denial. Positive and negative interrelations of psychological defenses with indicators of psychological and emotional states, factors of family crisis and personal qualities of women with different states of family functioning and family interaction and men from crisis families were found. The highest number of interrelation was found in the group of divorced women and women from crisis families. Thus, the analysis of the research results allowed to determine some factors and criteria for forecasting the development of a family crisis (personal growth and destructive response of the individual) and the growth of self-realization of a woman’s personality in a family crisis.

Psychological Rehabilitation (Including Emotional Readaptation) of Servicemen after Returning from the Combat Zone

<p>W artykule przedstawiono istotę zasad teoretycznych związanych z rehabilitacją zawodową, psychologiczną i społeczną żołnierzy, którzy powrócili ze strefy walki we wschodniej Ukrainie. Należy podkreślić, że rehabilitacja psychologiczna jest uważana za rodzaj pomocy psychologicznej, która ma na celu przywrócenie utraconych (lub dysfunkcyjnych) zdolności poznawczych, funkcjonowania emocjonalnego i zdrowia. Przedmiotem rehabilitacji psychologicznej są osoby, które podejmują pokonanie traumy psychicznej, występującej w formie ostrej lub przewlekłej. Opisano następujące zasady rehabilitacji psychologicznej: zasadę zapobiegania, zasadę pilności, zasadę bliskości instytucji rehabilitacyjnych w stosunku do linii walki, zasadę prostoty środków, zasadę ciągłości i indywidualizacji środków. Ponadto wskazano na doświadczenie bezpośredniej rehabilitacji w wojsku; podano zalecenia dotyczące optymalizacji procesu rehabilitacji. Zaakcentowano, że w procesie rehabilitacji jest miejsce zarówno na odblokowanie zasobów osobistych psychologicznych żołnierzy, jak i stworzenie emocjonalnie wspierającej atmosfery grupowej. Proces rehabilitacji może też obejmować wdrożenie psychoterapii indywidualnej i grupowej oraz szkolenie skutecznych umiejętności komunikacyjnych.</p>

Physical and Psychological Protection for Medical Staff During COVID-19

This paper summarizes the personal protection and psychological health treatment measures for medical staff in response to various infectious diseases at home and abroad in recent years, and finds out the deficiencies of physical and psychological protection measures for medical staff, thus providing corresponding measures for further improving physical and mental protection for medical staff thus providing corresponding measures for further improving physical and psychological protection for medical staff so as to provide reference for medical staff to effectively cope with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

ALEXITHYMIA IN “CONDITIONALLY HEALTHY” PEOPLE: DIFFICULTIES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF CORRECTION

The aim of the article is a theoretical analysis of the problem of alexithymia, difficulties and possibilities of its correction.The scientific research was based on the use of theoretical methods, namely: analysis of the problem of alexithymia, consideration of its genesis, structural analysis, generalization of research reflecting the accumulated experience of alexithymia correction and modeling of appropriate corrective effects.Alexithymia is considered by us as a heterogeneous multifaceted phenomenon. Heterogeneous phenomenon, because it can be caused by various factors or their interaction: psychophysiological factors of different origin (genetic, congenital, acquired); psychotraumatic (consequences of untreated traumatic experience experienced both in childhood and in adulthood, unconstructive immature mechanisms of psychological protection); problems of early child development, psychological and pedagogical factors (consequences of "child-mother" relationship disorders, unconstructive attitude to the child, unreliable attachment style, overprotective style and hidden rejection), psychocultural (devaluation of the emotional sphere in culture, focus on external thinking and adaptive behavior). Alexithemia has different but closely related components (or aspects), each of which must be taken into account in the strategy of correction of alexithymic manifestations. Emotional, somatic, cognitive, behavioral, reflexive-semantic aspects are characterized. An integrative model of prevention and overcoming of alexithymic manifestations in “conditionally healthy” people should take into account the specifics and all aspects of this phenomenon. The model should be based on the integration of the achievements of existential-humanistic, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, body-oriented approaches and, if possible, environmental.Thus, the heterogeneous multifaceted phenomenon of alexithymia can act as 1) a protective temporary reaction to adverse factors, 2) a human condition that can become entrenched, become habitual (but can be overcome), 3) a property that is difficult to correct. If alexithymia as a reaction performs a protective function, then as a habitual state and, especially, a stable property (trait) of a person becomes a factor that hinders a person’s personal development (in particular, the formation of a stable positive self-concept). An integrative model of prevention and overcoming of alexithymic manifestations in the context of personal development of "conditionally healthy" people is proposed.

Psychology of the Gender-Equitable Environment: Research of Problems

The purpose of our study was to perform a comparative analysis of the level characteristics of the subjective perception of the egalitarian psychological well-being of participants in the educational process in mono- and heterogender educational space. The study used qualitative and quantitative methods to measure the level of psychological safety and psychological protection of participants in the educational process. The study relied on a questionnaire that was adapted to identify three indicators: “integrated indicator of the attitude to the educational environment”, “significant characteristics of the educational environment and the index of satisfaction with it”, “index of psychological security of the educational environment”. A pilot project that was developed on the basis of the Research Centre for Gender Education and Development of Pupils and Students of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine determined the educational vectors for building the psychology of an egalitarian safe, educational environment. The analysis found significant differences in the value of the coefficient of psychological well-being of participants in the educational process in all three models of organization of educational space. The masculine model revealed statistically significant signs of subjective psychological distress in cadets compared to the other two models. The satisfaction of parents and teachers with the level of psychological security in a gender-homogeneous educational environment is quite high. The model which reflects the feminine principle of forming study groups is subjectively perceived by students as psychologically safe.