Psychological Problems Research Articles

Mental Health Issues Among Adolescents: Challenges and Management

Abstract: Adolescence is an important stage of life between childhood and adulthood. The shift in lifestyle, physical inactivity, high expectations of family/friends/teachers, and continuous exposure to social media and the internet have created physical, social, emotional, and mental imbalances in adolescents. The individuals of this age group are vulnerable and exposed to these stressful factors, leading to psychological complications. Most psychological problems diagnosed in the later stages of life begin in adolescence. The purpose of this mini-review was to identify mental health problems and available non-pharmacological interventions to manage the overall well-being of adolescents. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies, including research, review, and other articles/data available on PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, WHO, GHDx, and AACAP. Search keys included essential keywords like adolescence, yoga, mental health, anxiety, depression, and a combination of these words. The literature search identified several mental disorders like emotional, behavioral, identity, psychosis, dietary, and other risky behaviors. Most of these non-pharmacological interventions adopted focused on improving the mental and physical well-being in school and community settings. Among all the interventions, we found yoga to be the most popular and widely accepted effective tool that reduces anxiety, depression, and psychological problems. Yoga also improved resilience, attention, and other well-being parameters. Yoga helps manage physical and mental health in adolescence.

The impact of religious spiritual care training on the spiritual health and care burden of elderly family caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a field trial study

BackgroundFamily caregiving is associated with many physical and psychological problems for caregivers, but the effect of spiritual support on reducing their issues during a crisis is also the subject of research. The study aims to examine the impact of religious spiritual care training on the spiritual health and care burdens of elderly family caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe randomized controlled field trial involved 80 Iranian family caregivers in Bushehr City, who were selected by convenience sampling based on the inclusion criteria and divided into experimental (40 people) and control (40 people) groups by simple random sampling in 2021 and 2022. Data collection was conducted using spiritual health and care burden questionnaires using the Porsline software. The virtual intervention included spiritual and religious education. Four virtual sessions were held offline over two weeks. The first session was to get to know the participants and explain the purpose, The second session focused on the burden of care, the third on empowerment, and the fourth on mental health and related issues. In the control group, daily life continued as usual during the study.ResultsMean changes in existential health (3.40 ± 6.25) and total spiritual health (5.05 ± 11.12) increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups for existential health (t = 3.78, p = 0.001) and spiritual health (t = 3.13, p = 0.002). Cohen’s d-effect sizes for spiritual health and caregiving burden were 0.415 and 0.366, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in mean changes in religious health (p = 0.067) or caregiving burden (p = 0.638) between the two intervention and control groups.ConclusionGiven that the religious-spiritual intervention had a positive effect on existential health and no impact on religious health or care burden, it is recommended that comprehensive planning be undertaken to improve the spiritual health of family caregivers to enable them to better cope with critical situations such as a COVID-19 pandemic.Trial registrationIRCT code number IRCT20150529022466N16 and trial ID number 48,021. (Registration Date2020/06/28)

Therapeutic Potential of Water Chestnut Fruit Extract (Trapa bicornis) against Ovariectomy-Induced Climacteric Symptoms in Mice

Climacteric symptoms, as well as postmenopausal estrogen deficiency, have been associated with many psychological problems and the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the dose-dependent effect of water chestnut (WC), also known as Trapa bicornis, a fruit extract, on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced menopause in ICR mice. After bilateral OVX surgery, 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg of WC and 200 mg/kg of pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP) were administered orally for 84 days from 4 weeks after OVX operation. Then, anti-climacteric activities were evaluated in five groups: (1) estrogenic, (2) anti-obesity, (3) hypolipidemic, (4) hepatoprotective, and (5) anti-osteoporosis effects. Different biochemical assays, histopathological and morphological inspections, and mRNA expression findings showed that OVX-induced estrogen deficiency-related AMPK decrease was associated with climacteric symptoms such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and osteoporosis in ICR mice. However, these climacteric effects were reversed in OVX rats by treating them with WC at a dose relative to the same dose of PCP in OVX-ICR mice (200 and 100 mg/kg). Water chestnut fruit extract demonstrated promise as a complementary treatment for menopausal symptoms, indicating possible uses in the health of women through supplements or prescription drugs.

Reducing intrusive memories and promoting posttraumatic growth with Traveler: A randomized controlled study.

Over recent decades, serious games have become a promising intervention approach for addressing psychological problems by providing users with computerized, engaging, and interactive experiences. An innovative serious game, Traveler, has been developed specifically as an intervention tool for managing posttraumatic responses immediately after trauma. The game incorporates the principle of visuospatial interference, the core elements of Tetris, such as spatial displacement and mental rotation, and the critical phases of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. To test the intervention efficacy and feasibility of Traveler, we conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 105 young adults. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups: a wait-list control group, a group undergoing five-session written exposure therapy, or a group engaging in one session of Traveler gameplay. Outcome measures included intrusive memories (i.e. vividness of traumatic images, disgust at traumatic images, flashback frequency, and flashback impact) and posttraumatic growth measured by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Traveler significantly outperformed the control and written exposure therapy groups in reducing intrusive memories and enhancing posttraumatic growth, with effects persisting at a 30-day follow-up. Thus, Traveler offers a promising brief and early intervention technique for addressing posttraumatic responses. Yet, its clinical applicability requires further investigation.

Lessons of soviet psychology

The work is devoted to the analysis of the collection of works “Soviet psychology: the stage of the history of science and mentality” // Responsible. ed. A.L. Zhuravlev, D.V. Ushakov, A.V. Yurevich. Moscow: Publishing house “Institute of Psychology RAS”, 2024. The main ideas presented in 21 articles of this book are highlighted. By studying a retrospective analysis of the works, seven main lessons for modern psychology are formulated, allowing us to see the significance of the Soviet period for the development of science. The first lesson is that despite the ideological pressure and attempts to unify psychology, it implemented the principles of postmodernity and metamodernity, characteristic of modern methodology, with great anticipation. Many ideas and theories were ahead of their time and are relevant and are still being developed today. Lesson two is the formation of psychology as a recognized scientific discipline, which was institutionalized, organized, and acquired a qualifying status. The third lesson teaches us that the space of scientific psychology must be restored: the gaps are closed by the discovery of forgotten names, their achievements and their contribution to the development of scientific thought are analyzed. The development and solution of scientific problems in psychology is rooted in the Soviet period, determining the continuity of scientific knowledge — this is the fourth lesson. The fifth lesson shows us that applied psychology developed intensively during the Soviet period and many of its achievements remain relevant today. The sixth lesson follows from an analysis of the psychology of Soviet people. A real, balanced analysis points to the ambivalence of the characteristics of Soviet people, the limitations of their economic mentality, the presence of double morality, denunciations, and fear of power. Finally, the modern psychological community should not forget what price many scientists paid for their beliefs, what destruction of entire directions in psychology was experienced. The Soviet period of development of Russian psychology is more diverse and ambiguous than previously imagined. The completed project of analyzing the Soviet period of psychology from the perspective of modern science showed its high efficiency and promise. Filling the gaps in the history of Russian psychology is not only fundamental for science, but it is also a moral duty to the generation of Soviet scientists.

The Application of Psychological Therapies in Addressing Adolescent Disengagement from School.

The issue of adolescent aversion to school not only affects their academic performance but can also lead to psychological health problems. This article reviews the application of several psychological therapies in addressing the problem of adolescent aversion to school, including mindfulness therapy, sandplay therapy, life review method, adaptive psychological counseling, and humanistic therapy.

The Effect of Parent-child Attachment on the Subjective Well-being of Junior High School Students

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that we should adhere to the people-centered ideology and continuously improve the people's sense of gain, happiness and security. Enhancing the people's sense of happiness is the core and purpose of the development of China's socialist cause. Moreover, since United States psychologists first proposed the concept of "positive psychology" at the beginning of this century (Seligman & Czikszentmihalyi, 2000), advocating the exploration of the potential positive power of human beings, rather than just studying psychological or behavioral problems. The mainstream of psychological research has also begun to trend towards positive psychology, instead of studying negative psychological states such as depression and anxiety as in the early days, more and more psychologists are committed to focusing on positive human qualities and emotions such as happiness and joy, in order to eventually make human beings happy. Subjective Well-being (SWB) is the main content of people's quality of life, and as one of the three major research objects of positive psychology, it has attracted great attention and attracted more and more researchers. By studying the relationship between attachment, comprehension of social support, self-esteem and subjective well-being, it is hoped that it can provide some help and inspiration for the mental health education of junior high school students, so as to promote their physical and mental health development.

The assessment of care burden and influencing factors on family caregivers for cancer patients.

The family caregivers as primary caregivers play a crucial role regarding the care of cancer patients. As defined in the literature, the care burden encompasses the negative objective and subjective outcomes including psychological and physical health problems, economic and social issues, deterioration of family relationships and feelings of loss of control that arise from caregiving responsibilities. This study aims to assess the care burden and to evaluate the associated factors among family caregivers of cancer patients receiving treatment at a state hospital in Türkiye. This cross-sectional study was conducted with the family caregivers of patients undergoing treatment in the radiation oncology department of a state hospital in Türkiye. The study population consisted of 350 individuals, with a participation rate of 80%. Participants were administered a questionnaire concerning determining daily living activities and identifying the caregiving burden through their socio-demographic characteristics. The care burden among primary family caregivers while the delivery of health services was severe for 85.1% of them. The average ZBI score of caregivers was 55.92 ± 14.58. It was clarified that family caregivers' burden was influenced by several factors, including the duration of caregiving, difficulties experienced while caring for the patient, and the negative impact on their daily roles. Our study's findings indicate the need for health professionals to support caregivers of cancer patients while over half of the caregivers were identified as having a severe level of caregiving burden. It is important to raise awareness among nurses and the oncology team with a holistic approach. In the delivery of health services, caregivers' needs should be identified first, support mechanisms should be activated and interventions should be made to meet these needs. This study's findings highlight the need to identify and problems faced by family members during caregiving. This is important for sustainable and cost-effective holistic care. The results of this study are reported based on the guidelines of The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies (cohort, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies) in Epidemiology (STROBE). Our study's findings indicate the need for health professionals to support caregivers of cancer patients. It is important to raise awareness among nurses and the oncology team with a holistic approach. In the delivery of health services, caregivers' needs should be identified first, support mechanisms should be activated and interventions should be made to meet these needs.

Influences of Social Media on Omani Youth’s Health

The study focused on the influences of social media on Omani Youth and their lifestyle. The challenges associated with social media may be especially risky for young people who are already experiencing mental health difficulties, as suggested by the bidirectional relationship between the use of electronic media and a decrease in psychological well-being. Social media causes depression and anxiety from stress. Depression and emotional instability are some of the main psychological problems shown in many youths. There is a need for public awareness campaigns and social policy initiatives that promote nurturing home and school environments that foster resilience as youth navigate the challenges of adolescence in today’s world. The youth should avoid excessive use of social media. They should be balanced in their life and give proper time to other activities that will help them to develop their capabilities.

Prevalence and factors associated with psychological morbidity, phantom limb Pain in lower limb amputees

BackgroundLower limb amputation can lead to psychological problems.There is a lack of data to evaluate the psychological problems and associated factors in lower limb amputees. AimPrevalence and factors associated with psychological disorder and phantom limb pain in lower limb amputees MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling technique. Patients were assessed on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for the presence of depression and anxiety disorder. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder were used, andphantom limb pain was diagnosed as defined by Pare. Results103 patients were included in the present study with a mean age of37.7 ± 14.5 yrs. The majorityof patients were males (87.4 %), married (69.9 %), on paid employment (95.1 %), and were of middle socioeconomic status (83.5 %). Most of the patients presented with roadside accident injuries (83.5 %)and had below-knee amputation (58.3 %). As per DSM-5, 38.8 % had a substance use disorder, out of which 35.9 % and 24.3 % had alcohol and tobacco use disorders, respectively. On HADS, 48.5 % had a presence of depressive disorder, and 30.1 % had anxiety disorder. The majority of patients (97.1 %) had phantom limb pain. Those from rural areas reported significantly more frequency of anxiety (x2-5.501; p-0.019) and depressive disorder (x2-7.009; p-0.008). Lower incomehad a significant positive association with depression (r-0.228; p-0.021) and phantom limb pain (U-22.500; p-0.008). ConclusionThe prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in lower-limb amputeeswas very high. The most common psychological morbidity was depression,followed by anxiety disorder and substance use disorders.Our findings reflect that we would benefit by including mental health professionals asintegral members of the multidisciplinary team to do an early psychological assessment and intervention, which would help prevent psychological illnesses and improve quality of life.

Correlation between psychological traits and the use of smart medical services in young and middle-aged adults: An observational study

BACKGROUND Psychological problems affect economic development. However, there is a huge gap between mental health service resources and mental health service needs. Existing mental health service technology and platforms cannot meet all the diverse mental health needs of people. Smart medicine is a new medical system based online that can effectively improve the quality and efficiency of medical services and make mental health services accessible. AIM To explore the level of intelligent medical use among young and middle-aged people and its correlation with psychological factors. METHODS Convenience sampling was used to select 200 young and middle-aged patients with medical experience at the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu between January 2022 and January 2023 as the research subjects. The general condition Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90, General Health Questionnaire, and Smart Medical Service Use Intention Questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the participants’ willingness to use smart medical services and their personality characteristics, psychological symptoms, and mental health. RESULTS The results revealed that the mental health of young and middle-aged people was poor, and some had psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and physical discomfort. Familiarity, acceptance, and usage of smart healthcare in this population are at a medium level, and these levels correlate with psychological characteristics. Acceptance was positively correlated with E, and negatively correlated with P, anxiety, fear, anxiety/insomnia, and social dysfunction. The degree of use was negatively correlated with P, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoia, and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSION The familiarity, acceptance, and usage of smart medical services among the middle-aged and young groups are related to various psychological characteristics.

Costly Causes of Funeral Dissatisfaction and Satisfaction—Responses to an All-Japan Survey

Background: Previous research shows that grief causes medical and psychological problems for a substantial minority of the bereaved, which places stress on modern medical and social welfare systems. Other research demonstrates that funeral dissatisfaction correlates with medical and psychological problems, but does not address what aspects of funerals cause greatest satisfaction or dissatisfaction. We examined anonymized survey responses describing aspects of funerals causing the greatest anxiety or relief to bereaved Japanese individuals—and in turn affecting medical/welfare costs for the entire society. Method: A research team centered at Kyoto University collected over 1400 questionnaires from recently bereaved Japanese, of whom more than 300 volunteered anonymous comments about their funeral experiences. This article categorizes and analyses these qualitative data. Results: We classified their comments into 10 themes: Hospital Interaction; Pre-arrangement; Timing good-byes; Attendance; Friends/relations; Rituals; Crematorium; Ceremonial meals; Costs; Follow-up. Conclusions: The greatest disappointment appeared in attendance, connection to friends and relations and rituals. When lacking, insufficient, or ill-handled, these leave long-standing bad memories and dissatisfaction that aggravate mourners’ psychological and physical ailments. Our research highlights the psychological effects of cremation, and the value of itemization and explanation of funeral costs. Funeral directors can significantly reduce dissatisfaction by awareness of and sensitivity to these issues, thus contributing to national health and welfare.

The Association between Pressure Pain Thresholds, Conditioned Pain Modulation, Clinical Status, and Sleep Quality in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Clinical Trial Secondary Analysis.

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex multidimensional disorder primarily characterized by chronic widespread pain, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. FM is associated with some clinical signs found with quantitative sensory testing (QST), sleep disturbance, or psychological problems. This study aims to explore the associations between pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), conditioned pain modulation (CPM), clinical status, and sleep quality in FM patients, offering insights for better clinical management and assessment tools. Methods: This secondary analysis utilized data from a clinical trial involving 129 FM patients. Various assessments, including the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), were employed to evaluate the clinical and psychological status and sleep quality. PPTs and CPM were measured to understand their relationship with clinical parameters. Results: Our findings revealed that PPTs and CPM are not significantly associated with the clinical status or sleep quality of FM patients. Instead, pain catastrophizing and anxiety state showed a stronger correlation with the impact of fibromyalgia and sleep disturbances. These results highlight the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in managing FM. Conclusions: The study suggests that while PPTs and CPM may not be reliable biomarkers for clinical status in FM, the use of comprehensive assessments including FIQ, PCS, STAI, and JSS can provide a more accurate evaluation of patients' condition. These tools are cost-effective, can be self-administered, and facilitate a holistic approach to FM management, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment plans.

Exploring the lived experience of mothers of children with leukemia: a qualitative study from Iran

BackgroundLeukemia, as one of the most common pediatric cancers, has negatively affected many children around the world. Parents often experience increased feeling of distress shortly after being informed about their child’s diagnosis. The distress experienced by parents can adversely affect various aspects of their life. This study aimed to develop an understanding of the lived experience of the mothers whose children suffer from leukemia in Shiraz, Iran.MethodsThis phenomenological study was performed from April to August 2023, and 10 people were selected as participants by purposive sampling. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were performed for collecting the data.ResultsThe participants’ lived experiences during their children's leukemia were classified into five main categories, namely behavioral problems, spiritual issues, psychological problems, issues related to treatment, and economic matters.ConclusionKnowing the experiences of parents, especially mothers, in managing and planning for the care of these children seems essential.

Path analysis of the effect of positive psychological capital on health-promoting lifestyle in patients with COPD after pulmonary rehabilitation: An observational study.

To investigate the effect of positive psychological capital on the health-promoting lifestyle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the intermediary effects of life satisfaction and learned helplessness. A total of 482 patients who completed the pulmonary rehabilitation course at the Nantong Sixth People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province were surveyed using a self-designed questionnaire battery, encompassing the positive psychological capital, health-promoting lifestyle, life satisfaction, and learned helplessness scales. A total of 469 of the 482 questionnaires distributed were effectively returned, leading to an effective response rate of 97.3%. The mean scores on the positive psychological capital, life satisfaction, learned helplessness, and health-promoting lifestyle scales were 105.56 ± 10.44, 19.89 ± 6.33, 50.14 ± 5.47, and 104.22 ± 10.44, respectively. The structural equation model demonstrated good fit indexes. The path analysis revealed that positive psychological capital had a direct effect of 0.431 on health-promoting lifestyle, while life satisfaction and learned helplessness had a mediating effect on this relationship (both P < .05). Patients with COPD have low levels of positive psychological capital and health-promoting lifestyle. Thus, addressing psychological problems and providing continuous rehabilitation nursing to strengthen the psychological construct are essential in this patient group. Moreover, the positive psychological capital of patients with COPD can directly predict their health-promoting lifestyle and exert an influence via the chain mediating effect of life satisfaction and learned helplessness. Therefore, clinical medical staff should assess the positive psychological capital of patients with COPD and adjust the daily rehabilitation activities according to the patients' mental state. Furthermore, enhancing the patients' life satisfaction by employing diverse strategies to reduce learned helplessness can notably improve the health-promoting lifestyle of those with COPD.

Bullying Victimization Among Finnish Adolescents and Primary Health Care Visits Mediated by Depression: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study

ABSTRACT This study investigated firstly whether bullying victimization was associated with primary health care (PHC) visits due to mental health (MH) problems and secondly whether bullying victimization among adolescent and PHC visits was mediated by depressive and dissociative symptoms. A five-year follow-up data was collected from the sample of N = 669 Finnish adolescents (boys N = 179, (26.8%), girls N = 490, (73.2%)). Generalized linear models showed a significant association between bullying victimization among adolescents and PHC visits due to MH problems. Depressive, but not dissociative symptoms at the baseline mediated the above-mentioned association. Depressive symptoms mediated the association between bullying victimization and mental health services use among adolescents. Interventions for bullying victimization and psychological problems are needed to prevent the future disease burden it may bring to Finland regarding the use of mental health services.

Effects of early age of menarche on the health of Indian middle-aged women: A survey study

The age of menarche, which is a sign that a female has reached reproductive maturity, has a significant impact on the health of women. Numerous components, including nutritional status, socioeconomic status, diet, environment, sibling relationship, hereditary and genetic factors, religious group, ethnicity, psychological stress, migration, and chronic illness, have been postulated to influence the age of menarche. Opinions on these theories have varied, both for and against the theory. In a survey it was reported that women complaints joint pains /stiff shoulder and LBA. Risk of musculoskeletal problems and the perception of pain could increase with obesity.To find the prevalence of physiological and psychological health problems in middle-aged females due to early menarche.Women matching the study criteria and willing to participate in the survey were approached and informed consent was taken. An interview was conducted on either a physical or virtual mode by a trained therapist as per the check list designed for this study.The content of the checklist was validated with the help of experts in this study domain and subjected to statistical tests which yielded a Cronbach’s score of 0.967. The participants response on this checklist was analyzed and a strong association of physical and psychological health issue was documented particularly among working women, multiparous women, and with type of delivery women had undergone during 1 pregnancy.The present study documented significant findings with the early age of menarche and its association with physical and psychological health of the women.

A Systematic Review of the Positive Effects of Pets on Child Development

It is necessary for parents to consider the essential child development after the birth of their kids, includeing various aspects such as social skills, stress regulation and cognitive abilities. This review focuses on the effects of pets on children in general families in the process of child development by evaluating and investigating relevant case studies, and children with special conditions including mental illness or psychological problems are not considered in this analysis for the time being. Overall, this review shows that pets have a significant positive effect on social interactions, intellectual development, concentration, stress reduction etc. in child development.. Besides, pets can help to build a loving and stable family atmosphere which provides a conducive environment for child development, and improves the ability children interact with their parents. Although some literatures indicates that negative impacts on children development can occur when children stay with pets, overall, the positive boosts to children's development far outweigh the negatives.

Inclusive Education and Mental Health: Addressing the Psychological Needs of Students in Pakistani Schools

This discussion paper examines the intersection of inclusive education and mental health in Pakistani schools with a special reference to the psychological needs of students. Although much attention has been paid to mental health, Pakistan's educational institutions might not fully address the needs of every student with psychological problems. In light of the current status of Pakistan's inclusive education practices, the paper outlines the challenges of implementing mental health support and suggests strategies for promoting an inclusive and psychologically safe environment at school. Based on the current literature and the specific context of the country of study, the discussion highlights such priorities as the necessity of teacher training, reduction of stigma, and cohesion between education and mental health workers. This paper also examines the impact of cultural factors, socio-economic differences, and government policies on the provision of inclusive education and mental health support to students in Pakistani schools. By expounding these critical issues, this paper attempts to extend knowledge and best practices for a more inclusive, psychologically safe learning environment in Pakistan to enhance students' learning and well-being.

Retrospective Analysis of Patients Applying to The Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic For a Health Board Report

Introduction: Disability is any physical or mental impairment that makes it difficult for a person to perform certain activities and interact with the world around them.Individuals with disabilities and their families have primarily economic, psychological, and social problems. Patients apply to the health board to have easier access to other socioeconomic rights and services such as health, education, and transportation. This study aimed to examine the purposes of application, causes of childhood disability, and age distribution of pediatric neurology patients applying to the health board; and to raise awareness about the problems and delays encountered in reporting in the light of the relevant legislation. Results: Our study included 1506 patients who applied to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic for a medical board report. The age of the patients was 8.5±4.5 years. 894(59.4%) were boys and 612(40.4%) were girls. The most common diagnoses at the outpatient clinic were retardation in cognitive development 406(27%), cerebral palsy 126(8.4%), autism 120(8%), speech delay 110(7.3%), and developmental delayn99(6.6%). In a pediatric neurology department, 487(32.3%) patients were scored in the nervous system and movement domain. 445(91.4%) patients were scored in the movement domain and 42(8.6%) patients in the nervous system domain. 237(48.7%) patients were given a "special condition requirement" score. Conclusion: Health board examinations constitute the patient groups that pediatric neurologists frequently encounter in daily practice. Approximately one-third of the patients admitted to the health board have a disability related to pediatric neurology. Therefore, all healthcare personnel, especially pediatric neurologists, have important duties.