Psychological Pressure Research Articles

Epistemic oppression and the concept of coercion in psychiatry

Coercion is still highly prevalent in contemporary psychiatry. Qualitative research indicates, however, that patients and psychiatric staff have different understandings of what they mean by ‘coercion’. Psychiatric staff primarily employ the concept as referring to instances of formal coercion regulated by law, such as involuntary hospital admission or treatment. Patients, on the other hand, use a broader concept, which also understands many instances of informal psychological pressure as coercive. We point out that the predominance of a narrow concept of coercion in psychiatry can have negative consequences for patients, and argue that this difference in how the concept ‘coercion’ is used is both grounded in epistemic oppression and reinforces such oppression. Epistemic oppression, as defined by Dotson, refers to the persistent epistemic exclusion of members of marginalized groups from participation in practices of knowledge production. We first demonstrate how patients may experience inferential inertia when communicating their experiences of coercion. We then show that the resulting predominance of a narrow concept of coercion in psychiatry can be described as a case of hermeneutical injustice in a context shaped by institutional hermeneutical ignorance. We argue for a change in institutional practices in psychiatry that allows for the adequate consideration of patients’ perspectives on coercion.

Peculiarities of anti-religious policy and atheistic upbringing in Soviet Ukraine in the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century

In the 20s and 30s of the XX century. anti-religious propaganda in Soviet Ukraine was gaining momentum. In the course of the anti-religious Soviet policy, the school occupied a rather important place. The goal of the declared anti-religious policy was to destroy Orthodox, Catholic (Greek Catholic, Muslim, Protestant, etc.) ideological social canons, to break age-old family foundations, to educate a person of a new «Soviet» model. In large settlements, nurseries, 24-hour kindergartens and boarding facilities of various profiles began to be opened in large numbers. Under such conditions, family education has dramatically lost its authority, especially in cities. A normal phenomenon was the universal rejection of parents, whom the Soviet authorities suspected of collaborating with the then class enemies. Even in kindergartens, children were taught by educators that priests in temples are bad people who distract gullible hardworking people from work and promote very dubious narratives. Atheism became the new dominant ideology of the Soviet government. That is, the younger generation witnessed unpunished crimes against humanity. Soviet atheist education as a flagrant phenomenon of violation of human rights is especially noticeable when analyzing the life of Muslim families in Ukraine (their children have always lived isolated from the Ukrainian population, and received education at temples and learned to live under classical Muslim education). Anti-church and state literature, which was published at that time, despite the significant level of ignorance of the majority of the population, did not withstand any criticism and did not fulfill high party tasks. One of the forms of fighting against the religiosity of the population was demonstrative psychological pressure on believers from the side of employees. Therefore, in their majority, people were forced to hide their religious views in order not to harm their families. Communist carnivals, held on the days of major religious holidays and aimed at destroying religiosity among the average population, were the most vivid manifestations of the Soviet anti-church state policy.

Mental Health in the Workplace from the Perspective of Oncology Nurses in Iran: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Background: The workplace and the context in which oncology nurses work are unique due to the complex and dynamic nature of cancer care. Nurses who care for cancer patients are exposed to varying degrees of psychological pressure. The present study was conducted to explore oncology nurses’ perceptions regarding mental health in the workplace. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 2018–2019. The participants were recruited through purposive sampling from eight educational specialty cancer treatment centers in Iran. Data were collected through individual semistructured interviews and analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis method. The Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used to document the report of the study. Results: The extracted concepts were classified into three main categories and 17 subcategories. The main categories included attention to nurses’ occupational stress-provoking factors, attention to emotional/psychological responses in the workplace, and healthy mental atmosphere in the workplace. Conclusions: The findings indicate that oncology nurses need to be supported to enhance their mental health in the workplace. The findings of this study could help policymakers and nurse managers to understand the importance of improving the mental health of nurses in cancer care. In this regard, it is essential to make the necessary plans and scientific decisions to design and provide strategies to alleviate workplace problems and improve nurses’ mental health.

Implementation of the Military Law on Military Members Involved in the Crime of Desertion

Desertion is a military crime involving members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) leaving their duties or military obligations without proper authorization from their superiors. Desertion has serious implications for military discipline, cohesion, and operational efficiency, and it can threaten national defense. The legal enforcement of desertion offenses is regulated under the Military Penal Code (KUHPM), particularly Articles 87 and 88. The process of handling desertion cases involves investigation by the Military Police (POM), investigation by military investigators, and trial by military courts that issue rulings according to the applicable laws. The penalties imposed vary, ranging from imprisonment, demotion, dishonorable discharge, and even the death penalty during wartime.This study aims to explore in-depth the implementation of military law on individuals who commit desertion and to analyze the factors causing desertion. These factors include personal issues, psychological pressure, and unfavorable working environments. The study employs a normative juridical method, with an approach focused on relevant regulations and military court case studies concerning desertion offenses. The findings show that the application of military law to desertion is a crucial effort in maintaining the stability, discipline, and integrity of the TNI. However, there are several challenges in enforcing the law, such as internal and external factors affecting military personnel. In the relationship between the Military Penal Code (KUHPM) and the Criminal Code (KUHP), both are complementary, where general crimes are regulated by the Criminal Code (KUHP), while offenses related to military duties are governed by the Military Penal Code (KUHPM). This study recommends strengthening law enforcement and discipline training to minimize desertion within the military.

Gender differences in sports performance across hockey, soccer, and basketball among athletes in South-West Nigeria

This study investigates gender differences in sports performance across hockey, soccer, and basketball, focusing on physical, psychological, and social factors, as well as strategies for minimizing disparities. The persistence of gender disparities in sports is influenced by physiological differences, societal expectations, and unequal access to resources, making this a critical area for research. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, with a purposive sample of 120 athletes comprising 52.5% males and 47.5% females, ensuring balanced representation across the three sports. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, featuring a four-point Likert scale to measure respondents’ perceptions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. The results revealed that male athletes are perceived to have an advantage in strength (mean = 3.15, SD = 0.87) and speed (mean = 3.19, SD = 0.83), while female athletes were recognized for their endurance (mean = 3.21, SD = 0.84). Skill execution, such as accuracy and technique, was largely considered gender-neutral (mean = 3.34, SD = 0.82). Psychological pressures were significant, with male athletes expected to lead (mean = 3.14, SD = 0.85), while female athletes faced greater scrutiny regarding appearance (mean = 3.05, SD = 0.90). Respondents identified strategies for minimizing disparities, including equal access to training programs (mean = 3.17, SD = 0.85) and addressing stereotypes (mean = 3.13, SD = 0.89). The study concludes that while physiological differences influence performance in some areas, psychological and social factors play a significant role in perpetuating disparities. Implementing equitable training practices, promoting mentorship programs, and addressing stereotypes are critical for fostering inclusivity and equality in sports.

Islamic Spiritual Care in Supporting Emotional Stability in High Care Unit Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: Patients in the High Care Unit (HCU) often experience increased levels of stress, depression, and anxiety, especially those who require long-term care between 3 and 15 days. The psychological pressure that patients face in HCU can affect the quality of recovery and elicit a variety of emotional responses that require attention in the treatment process. The purpose this study aims to analyze the impact of Islamic Spiritual Care (ISC), specifically through the recitation of Murottal Al-Qur'an Surat Ar-Rahman, in supporting emotional stability (stress, depression, and anxiety) in patients in the High Care Unit (HCU). Methods: This research method uses systematic review using the PRISMA technique. Data was obtained from journals contained in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar from 2020-2024, based on the identification results based on inclusion criteria and feasibility reviews, and fifteen articles were obtained for review. Results: The results of the implementation of Islamic Spiritual Care (ISC) through Murottal Al-Qur'an therapy, especially Surat Ar-Rahman, are effective in supporting the emotional stability of patients in the High Care Unit (HCU). Conclusion: Murottal Al-Qur'an therapy, particularly Surat Ar-Rahman, as a component of Islamic Spiritual Care (ISC), can be utilized as a practical non-pharmacological approach to reduce anxiety, stress, and depression in patients in the High Care Unit (HCU).

Representations of in vitro fertilization in the first cycle of IVF in women

ABSTRACT Introduction: Women typically experience more intense stress related to infertility compared to men, which is partly connected to the importance that motherhood and parenthood have for women in most societies. Considering the dominance of pronatalism in the majority of cultures, it is not surprising that women, who are most often considered responsible for reproduction, suffer greater social and psychological pressure due to infertility. Method: The study employs a social constructionist framework to explore how women facing infertility construct their notions of their first IVF treatment. Eleven women, aged 21–39, participated in the study and underwent semi-structured interviews. Thematic Analysis with a social constructionist epistemology was employed to investigate co-produced accounts of their first IVF. Results: Four ways of representing IVF emerged from the women’s statements about this procedure: IVF as a helpful step towards success; as a stressful journey into the unknown; as a game of chance; and as something I (do not) ask about. Discussion: The representations of IVF identified allow us to understand the subject positions of our participants that determine their thoughts, emotions, and behavior. In the narratives of almost all participants, we encounter different, even contradictory positions. The results allow us to understand better the needs of women facing infertility and to try to develop a system of treatment that is going to meet these needs, and therefore prevent the psychological consequences caused by this bio-psycho-social crisis.

Analisis Kejahatan Ekonomi dalam Praktik Pinjaman Online: Dampak terhadap Masyarakat dan Strategi Penanggulangan

Technological developments have triggered the emergence of online loan services (Pinjol) that offer easy access to finance. However, illegal practices in this sector, such as fraud, misuse of personal data, and intimidation, pose serious social and economic impacts for society. This study aims to analyze the forms of economic crime in online lending, its impact on society, and effective countermeasure strategies. The descriptive-analytical research method is used with the approach of literature study and empirical data analysis. The results of the study show that the practice of illegal online lending causes financial losses, psychological pressure, and damages trust in the financial system. Weak regulations and low digital literacy in the community exacerbate this situation. Countermeasures include strengthening regulations, law enforcement based on the concepts of Strict Liability, Absolute Liability, and Vicarious Liability, as well as increasing people's financial literacy. In conclusion, a collaborative approach between the government, OJK, law enforcement, and the public is urgently needed to create a safe and responsible online lending ecosystem.

THE PROBLEM OF STAFF TURNOVER AT ENTERPRISES UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The article examines the issue of employee turnover at enterprises in Ukraine under martial law conditions. Staff turnover has become a significant obstacle to the stable operation of enterprises, reducing productivity, competitiveness, and negatively impacting the national economy as a whole. The war has caused a high outflow of workers, forcing enterprises to cut production volumes or even cease operations. Key factors influencing turnover include mobilization, forced evacuation, psychological pressure, and economic instability, all contributing to a labor shortage and posing challenges for businesses in retaining personnel. Research on personnel management in crisis conditions indicates that traditional methods need adaptation to new realities. Under wartime conditions, effective management requires new approaches, such as simplifying hiring procedures, implementing flexible working conditions, and enabling remote work, allowing employees to remain in their roles even in dangerous environments. Emphasis is also placed on the importance of psychological support to overcome stress, maintain motivation, and ensure staff stability. Labor market research shows a significant demand for workers in trades, services, and logistics. Despite a 33% increase in job vacancies since early 2024, labor shortages persist in key sectors due to mobilization, relocation, and emigration. The outflow of workers creates a constant need to attract new employees without increasing the total number of jobs, indicating a high level of workforce turnover. Given the challenges faced by Ukrainian enterprises, the article suggests potential solutions to reduce turnover. Automation of production processes and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) minimize dependence on physical labor, ensuring stable operations even in difficult conditions. AI provides opportunities to automate routine tasks, optimize labor, and may lead to the reduction of certain departments or production areas, thereby lowering personnel costs and increasing efficiency. Flexible working conditions, particularly remote or part-time employment, are also crucial strategies for maintaining staff stability. This is especially relevant for employees who have been forcibly evacuated or work in dangerous zones. Besides flexible conditions, supporting employees' mental health is essential. Psychological support programs, including counseling and group support, help employees better adapt to stressful conditions and maintain loyalty to their employer. An additional measure to preserve jobs is relocating production facilities to safer regions, which helps retain key specialists and ensure continuity of production processes. Cooperation with international organizations for retraining personnel and providing business support also contributes to stability. Research methods applied include generalization, statistical analysis, economic analysis, comparison, induction, and deduction. Practical application: Proposed measures such as automation, flexible working conditions, psychological support, and international assistance are essential tools for reducing turnover and ensuring business resilience under martial law. The scientific value of this study lies in justifying the need to adapt existing methods of managing workforce turnover to martial law conditions, applying new strategies for organizing personnel and overall enterprise activities, considering AI capabilities, and revising personnel requirements.

Managing Stress and Somatization Symptoms Among Students in Demanding Academic Healthcare Environments.

Stress is a common concern among healthcare students, due to the demands of their coursework and the elevated expectations they face. Especially among dentistry and nursing students, the phenomenon, although well-documented, covers psychosocial and physiological dimensions, with somatization symptoms being less explored. These manifestations are crucial to identify discipline-specific stressors and health impacts that can lead to targeted interventions for both disciplines. This study investigates stress perceptions, somatization, and coping strategies among 271 nursing and dentistry students at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. An e-questionnaire was open for submissions during February and March 2024. Females reported higher stress somatization (M = 10.22, SD = 5.23) than males (M = 7.94, SD = 6.14; Cohen's d = 0.412, p < 0.05). The interpretation of stress as "restlessness and psychological pressure" was more prevalent in dentistry students compared to nursing students. Moreover, nursing students who perceived stress as the "inability to manage unexpected or difficult situations, insecurity, panic" were more likely to experience stress somatization symptoms, while for dentistry students, stress somatization was related to "pressure to meet daily obligations/long-term goals". Physical symptoms for all students included chest discomfort, digestive issues, and headaches/nausea. Also, dentistry students reported more teeth clenching or grinding than nursing students. Short-term coping strategies included emotional balance, managing stressors, situation analysis, and breathing techniques. Long-term strategies involved distraction and entertainment, physical exercise, and patience. A higher willingness to seek coaching support correlated with higher stress somatization among dental students. Nursing students favored psychological support, while dentistry students suggested curriculum revision and improved infrastructure. Females exhibited higher stress somatization levels, with themes of insecurity and physical symptoms. Nursing students reported higher somatization linked to insecurity, while dental students associated stress with daily obligations and goals. The study highlights the need for improved support systems, flexible academic procedures, and better communication to address stress in healthcare academia.

Investigating Child Abuse in Sports: An Ecological Systems Perspective.

This study examines child abuse in sports environments through Ecological Systems Theory, revealing the multifaceted nature of abuse and the impact of environmental factors at various levels. With a study design using the phenomenology approach, a qualitative research method, data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 11 Turkish participants, including 5 athletes, 4 coaches, and 2 academics with coaching experience in Sports Sciences. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate the data, categorizing findings into four levels: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. Findings show that at the microsystem level, children are exposed to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as neglect, largely through interactions with coaches and teammates. Physical abuse includes non-contact forms, like dehydration and forced training, and contact abuse, such as violence from coaches and peers. Emotional abuse manifests through psychological pressures and verbal attacks, creating a toxic environment. At the mesosystem level, excessive parental trust in coaches reduces oversight, leaving children vulnerable. In the exosystem, inadequate supervision of coaches and a lack of response to abuse cases by sports clubs worsen the issue. At the macrosystem level, cultural norms and societal attitudes normalize abuse, especially affecting female athletes. The study highlights the need for comprehensive interventions, including family awareness, stricter coach oversight, and robust policies within sports organizations to protect children. By emphasizing the interaction of individual, familial, and societal factors, this research underscores the importance of collective efforts to ensure safer sports environments.

Work experience of special workers returning to work after the public health emergency: taking ICU nurses who have been infected with COVID-19 as example†

Abstract Objective The occurrence of some public health events inevitably endangers medical personnel, and medical personnel, as a special group, have to resume work on time to treat patients. This coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection is a good example, and what intensive care unit (ICU) nurses experience as the primary caregivers of critically ill patients after COVID-19 infection is our focus. To explore the work experience of ICU nurses after recovery from COVID-19, and to provide a theoretical basis for the intervention to improve the physical and mental health level and work experience of special workers in public health emergencies. Methods We conducted an explorative descriptive study using an inductive thematic analysis. Using the maximum differential sampling method, a semi-structured interview was conducted among 13 ICU nurses suffered from COVID-19 in a tertiary grade A hospital in Qingdao, Shandong Province. This study carried on the theme analysis according to the inductive content analysis method and used MAXQDA 2020 Analytics Pro (VERBI Software GmbH, Berlin, Germany) to manage and summarize the interview data. Results After being infected by the virus, SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen of COVID-19, the work experience of ICU nurses was extracted from the following 5 themes: (1) Stress and challenge caused by the change of work focus; (2) downsizing, overtime, taking up work with illness, and physical discomfort; (3) dedication and family debt; (4) unknown fear and helplessness; and (5) professional responsibility and sense of benefit. Conclusions Under the pressure of COVID-19, ICU nurses face multiple pressures and challenges, and their emotions are complex. We suggest that nursing managers should take corresponding measures to alleviate nurses’ physical and psychological pressure and improve their work experience.

Nurses’ viewpoint of sustaining work despite musculoskeletal pain: A qualitative study

BACKGROUND: The nursing profession consistently has the highest rates of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among occupations due to physical and psychological pressures, leading to an increased number of sickness absences, early retirement, staff shortage, poor health conditions, and need for medical care. Absence among healthcare workers puts the quality of patient care at risk, and increase colleagues’ workload and employer staffing expenses. This study aimed to investigate the viewpoints of Iranian nurses about sustaining work despite musculoskeletal pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed as qualitative research. Data were gathered using purposive sampling through in-depth one-to-one interviews with 21 nurses. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and imported into the computer software MAXQDA 2020. Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis was performed to analyze the data, and Lincoln and Guba’s recommendations were used to control the trustworthiness of the data. RESULTS: A total of 4 main categories and 15 subcategories emerged after several rounds of analyzing and summarizing the data and considering the similarities and differences. These main categories included education, workplace adjustments, supportive culture, and regulations and legislations. CONCLUSION: Considering the attitudes of nurses with MSDs on continuing work is important for developing and implementing interventions to facilitate the work for this vulnerable working profession and to promote compliance with these measures. Quantitative studies on the effectiveness of the proposed strategies are required for more scientific evidence.

Impact of eating duration on weight management, sleeping quality, and psychological stress: A pilot study.

The daily eating window significantly impacts weight and metabolic health, yet its ideal duration remains uncertain. Thirty-four healthy middle-aged women were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: 8-h time-restricted eating (TRE) and 14-h time-extended eating (EXE). Each intervention lasted 4 wk, with a 16-d washout period before switching to the other intervention. Clinical biomarkers were collected before and after each intervention, and sleep quality was assessed using the Korean Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-K). Additionally, a daily visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate psychological changes. The TRE group experienced significant weight reduction, lower fasting plasma glucose and total serum cholesterol levels compared to the EXE group, but with an increase in systolic blood pressure. The EXE group showed improved blood pressure. The TRE group reported higher stress levels on the VAS, but the PSQI-K indicated improved sleep quality during the second intervention. An 8-h TRE, without calorie restriction or diet composition changes, proves more beneficial for weight management and plasma glucose control compared to the 14-h EXE among Korean women. Implementation of this approach is recommended to be gradual to mitigate psychological fluctuations and adverse blood pressure changes. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05964179) and Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS, Korea) (ID: KCT0008640).

Analysis of social determinants with quality of life in people with HIV/AIDS at the voluntary counseling test clinic

Introduction: HIV and AIDS are known to have become an emergency problem around the world, where infection transmission, morbidity rates, and mortality rates are still high. The existence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of the scary scourges among the community because of its unexpected transmission by HIV due to human behaviour. Objective: This study aims to analyze social determinants with quality of life in people with HIV/AIDS in the Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinic. Methods: This study is an analytical study using a cross-sectional study research design. The population in this study is all HIV/AIDS patients domiciled in Kendari City. The number of samples was 177 respondents which was determined by simple random sampling. Data analysis uses the chi-square test and the multiple logistics test. Result: The results of the study showed that there was a stigma relationship with Odhiv's quality of life at the VCT Clinic of Kendari City Hospital (p = 0.000) and there was a relationship between social support and Odhiv's quality of life at the VCT Clinic of Kendari City Hospital (p = 0.000). The variable that has the greatest influence on the quality of life of ODHIV is the social support variable with an OR of 0.353. Conclusion: The variable that has the greatest influence on the quality of life of People with HIV/AIDS (ODHIV) is social support. Social support has proven to be a very significant factor in improving the quality of life of people living with HIV. Individuals with strong social support, whether from family, friends, or the community, tend to have a better quality of life than those who receive less social support. Social support plays a role in helping people with HIV cope with stigma, reduce psychological pressure, and provide a sense of security and comfort that can have a positive impact on their physical and mental well-being.

The Relationship Between The Duration Of Hypertension With The Rate of Depression in Hypertension Patients in Outpatient Care at The Heart and Vascular Polyclinic of The Surabaya Jemursari Islamic Hospital

Hypertension is one of the risk factors that can increase the occurrence of depression. Generally, people diagnosed with hypertension have a difficult experience and also often experience somatic symptoms that cause a low quality of life for patients. All of these factors can cause people diagnosed with hypertension to tend to be easier to get psychological pressure, especially depression. The Objectivein in this research is to determine the relationship between the duration of hypertension with the rate depression in hypertension patients at the heart and vascular polyclinic of the Surabaya Jemursari Islamic Hospital. This type of research is analytic observational with purposive sampling. Respondents in this study were hypertension patients who were treated at the cardiovascular and vascular disease polyclinic at the Surabaya Jemursari Islamic Hospital, amounting to 67 people. Collecting data using a depression rate questionnaire Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The result is known that from 67 respondents it was found that the majority had hypertension for 1-5 years, namely 37 respondents (55.2%), 6-10 years as many as 12 respondents (17.9%) and more than 10 years as many as 18 respondents (26.9 %). And as many as 13 respondents (19.4%) had no symptoms of depression, 50 respondents (74.6%) had mild depressive symptoms, 4 respondents (6%) had mild depression and there were no respondents with moderate or severe depression. After the data was processed using the chi square test with a confidence probability of p value=0.05 to determine the relationship between the two, the p-value was 0.106, because the p-value&gt;0.05. Then the research hypothesis is rejected. The conclusion is there is no relationship between the duration of hypertension with the rate of depression in patients with hypertension at the heart and vascular polyclinic of the Surabaya Jemursari Islamic Hospital

O IMPACTO DAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS SOBRE A CONSTRUÇÃO DA AUTOIMAGEM MASCULINA

This article presents a narrative review into the impact of social media on male self-image, emphasizing the detrimental effects of prolonged exposure to idealized physical standards. A qualitative literature review based on national and international studies revealed that these widely disseminated digital platforms significantly contribute to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and the development of psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression and eating disorders among young men. Critical data analysis showed that social media reinforces hegemonic beauty stereotypes, generating aesthetic and psychological pressures. Furthermore, these pressures negatively affect individuals' emotional well-being and self-confidence, compromising their mental health and quality of life. This research enhances understanding of the dynamics between social media, gender identity, and mental health, providing insights for public policies, effective interventions, preventive strategies and meaningful educational initiatives.

Hubungan Depresi Terhadap Perilaku Makan Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (FKM), Universitas Teuku Umar

Unhealthy eating behaviors represent a significant issue among university students, particularly those experiencing academic and psychological pressures. These conditions can lead to stress and anxiety, which may escalate into depression. Furthermore, the adverse effects of unhealthy eating behaviors driven by depression can severely impact students' health, often resulting in neglect of nutritional intake. This negligence contributes to nutritional problems such as malnutrition, overnutrition, and the onset of chronic diseases. This study aims to examine the relationship between depression and eating behaviors among final-year students at the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Teuku Umar. Utilizing a quantitative cross-sectional approach, the study involved a population of 223 final-year students, with a sample size of 70 selected in 2023/2024. Conducted in June 2024, the research employed questionnaires for primary data collection. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. Results revealed a significant association between depression and eating behaviors (p = 0.001, CI 95% = 1.899–15.902). Among the participants, 64.3% exhibited depressive symptoms, and 61.4% demonstrated unhealthy eating behaviors. The analysis indicated that students with depression were 1.94 times more likely to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors. This study concludes that depression significantly increases the risk of unhealthy eating behaviors among final-year students.

Juozas Keliuotis in the Target of KGB in 1956–1978

The life of Juozas Keliuotis, one of the most conspicuous cultural workers of Lithuania, in Soviet times shows the specificity of the psychological pressure on intellectuals. The KGB unit in Lithuania involved many personalities in its manipulatory games. J. Keliuotis was of no exception. Persecuted and morally broken he wrote the memoirs revealing sufferings in the camp and violations of human rights. In 1962–1975, KGB spared no efforts seeking to find and obtain the memoirs of the intellectual in question. Even though the security failed to fetch the manuscripts of the intellectual, it succeeded in hindering for a long time their passing over to the West. Dealing with the independent Lithuanian authoritative persons was planned by experienced and influential KGB operational workers. In 1956–1978, J. Keliuotis was shadowed by quite a number of agents. It was people from the environment of the intellectual that were mostly hired. Most frequently he had to communicate with the agents of influence. For J. Keliuotis’ control not only agents were used, but also different ways for his efficient shadowing. KGB, with interruptions, applied various so-called operational technical measures: listened to his conversations, carried out secret searches in his apartment, made photos, and controlled J. Keliuotis’ correspondence. Due to constant and active spying by KGB, J. Keliuotis lost trust in his close people. KGB aimed at neutralizing the cultural influence of intellectuals. It was useful to discredit the authoritative persons by instigating them to be in conflict with émigré in terms of cultural relations. In 1971, J. Keliuotis spoke forcibly in the press, not only condemning the activity of emigrants, but also demonstrating economic and cultural “achievements” of Soviet Lithuania. The article of the intellectual was re-edited by operational employees in the direction useful for the Soviet system. The forced trampling on his world outlook meant the fictitious demonstration of loyalty to the Soviet regime. Moreover, such repentance in the press showed that a certain person was gripped by KGB. Public statements of intellectuals were used for Soviet propaganda, and the persons themselves who lost their authority were pushed aside. The individuality of J. Keliuotis in fighting with émigré was necessary for KGB as the tool of manipulation aimed at denying the historic truth. Nevertheless, in the eyes of the public of Soviet Lithuania J. Keliuotis remained as the enlightened person from the times of independence and the advocate of Western modern art. Keliuotis was persecuted until his death 1983 The LSSR Supreme Court rehabilitated the intellectual on December 16, 1998. Only with the change in the political situation, persecution of persons of anti-Soviet disposition and not loyal to the Soviet system was stopped.

Intraoperative methods for detecting bile leakage for liver resection: Current situation

Abstract Bile leakage is one of the common complications after hepatectomy. Recalcitrant bile leakage not only seriously affects the quality of life of patients, but also prolongs the hospitalization time, increases hospitalization costs, and puts psychological, mental, and financial pressure on patients. The most commonly used methods for the surgical detection of bile leakage include the White test, developer injection through the gallbladder tube/gallbladder, and photodynamic imaging. A new method, Peng’s leakage test, was developed by the authors to detect bile duct leakage and was shown to be the best method available to prevent postoperative bile leakage in patients.