Psychological Meaning Research Articles

교대근무 간호사의 수면장애 경험: 현상학적 연구

This study was performed to identify the essential structures and meanings of sleep disorder experience of shift work nurses. Giorgi"s phenomenological methodology was used for study. Data were collected from ten nurses having sleep disorder with individual in-depth interviews and analyzed with the procedures suggested by Giorgi. The essential structures of the experience were constructed with 176 meaning units, 40 essential psychological meanings, 14 sub-constituents and seven constituents. The constituents were sleep disorder due to the tight nursing tasks, body and mind being broken, destructed life, suffering not empathized, concern about threat to patient care, making a breakthrough and accepting sleep disorder as a fate of nurses and withstanding. The results indicated that the mind and body of shift work nurses suffering sleep disorder have been broken down and the lives of them were destructed. Their sufferings were not empathized even from their co-workers or organization. However they concerned about the sleep disorder results into the mistakes in their nursing works. They tried to accept their sufferings as fates of shift work nurses and search various ways to withstand sleep disorder. Strategies to solve the problems associated with sleep disorder of shift work nurses are necessary in organizational level.

USE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF HEALTH ORIENTATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES

The article analyzes the peculiarities of using the principle of health orientation during physical education classes in institutions of higher education. It was found that the principle of health orientation obliges physical education teachers to organize classes in such a way that they ensure the performance of preventive and developmental functions. The main requirements of the principle of health orientation are determined. It has been proven that when using the principle of health- oriented orientation, the means of physical education are of great importance, so, among the means of health-recreational physical culture, the main types are conditionally distinguished (exercises from sports of a cyclic and acyclic nature, mass physical culture and health-improving and sports events, non-traditional means of health-improving, health-improving systems) and additional types (medical-biological and psychological means of recovery, natural factors). In the structural method, programs are designed in advance, using specially prepared musical soundtracks and developed choreographic combinations consisting of combinations of various aerobic steps that are repeated in a combination of exercises in a certain order, with a given frequency, number of movements and in exact accordance with musical accompaniment. Such standardized programs are repeated during a certain cycle of classes, sufficient to solve specific tasks.
 The constant need for improvement is provided by a wide variety of exercises and conditions for their performance, a favorable emotional background, an individual approach, encouragement of activity, adequate criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of classes, a choice in accordance with individual characteristics of forms of criticism and methods of encouragement. Stimulation of interest in systematic classes with health-improving exercises and regular loads is achieved by the formation of a state of satisfaction with classes, awareness of their benefit and necessity.

Pregnant Women's experiences with intimate partner violence one year after the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan.

To assess the prevalence and compare the levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) before and during the pandemic and to identify the factors that associated with physical IPV among Jordanian pregnant women. A cross-sectional, correlational design. Women were asked to report their experience with IPV twice: during and before the pandemic. A convenience sampling technique was used to select pregnant women from National Woman's Health Care Center from 15 April to 1 September 2021. The Domestic Violence Questionnaire Screening Tool (DVQST) was used to assess the levels of IPV. The women (n= 232) who participated in the study experienced considerable levels of IPV before (69% control IPV, 59.90% psychological, 46.10% physical, 43.10% sexual) and during (75.90% control IPV, 64.20% psychological, 46.10% physical, 40.90% sexual) the pandemic. There were statistically significant (p≤ 0.05) higher mean DVQST scores for control IPV and psychological IPV during the pandemic (control IPV mean=9.78, psychological mean=7.03) versus before the pandemic (control IPV mean=8.95, psychological mean=6.62). Woman's educational level, marriage duration, woman's employment status, and level of mutual understanding were inversely associated with physical IPV during the pandemic. IPV is a global public health problem and a major violation of human rights. The levels of control IPV and psychological IPV increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the levels of physical and sexual IPV stayed the same. Antenatal screening for IPV is crucial to save women and their offspring from suffering this type of violence.

КАТЕГОРИЯ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ И СМЫСЛА В ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

In the field of human sciences the category of sensing does not coincide with the category of meaning. In the field of psychology there is also no unified definition of these categories. However, it is the meaning approach to the regulation of life activity that is the most effective in terms of modeling human behavior. Since meaning is broader than sence, it is the meaning interpretation that forms the basis of the psychology of understanding. Meanings express the subjective importance of objectively represented meanings of what happens in the world around us. In existential psychology, it is possible to describe the uniqueness of human existence on the basis of meaning representations. Meanings reflect the uniqueness of personal experience and the depth of a person's feelings experienced during his or her life. At the same time, the meanings and direction of a person's individual behavioral acts should be considered from the context of both the entire lived life and future life meanings. From cultural and historical positions, meaning is a psycholinguistic category, which acquires personal content in relation to meaning. Meanings reflect correlation of motives and goals of life activity. Meanings reflect not only intellectual content, but also show the emotional content of the experienced state. In personal development, meaning reflects the nature of interactions between individual perceptions of life and societal expectations about one's place in this life. Meaning sets the individual to perform activities in a certain way. This sets the stability and purposefulness of personal development. Personal self-determination in choosing the direction of professional development has a value-semantic nature, and also depends on motivation. The system of personal meanings has a complex manifestation and multilevel hierarchical structure. Meaning should be considered as an interdisciplinary construct that reflects the understanding of subjective meaning in psychology, philosophy, and linguistics. Meaning reflects the relationship between the subject and the object. This relation expresses the place of the object in the life of the subject, and this object is highlighted in the image of the subject's world. Thanks to this regulation of behavior of the subject in relation to the given object is carried out.

What Makes Disinformation Ads Engaging? A Case Study of Facebook Ads from the Russian Active Measures Campaign

This article examines 3,517 Facebook ads created by Russia’s Internet Research Agency (IRA) between June 2015 and August 2017 in its Active Measures disinformation campaign targeting the 2016 U.S. presidential election. We aimed to unearth the relationship between ad engagement (ad clicks) and 40 features related to the ads’ metadata, psychological meaning, and sentiment. The purpose of our analysis was to (1) understand the relationship between engagement and features, (2) find the most relevant feature subsets to predict engagement via feature selection, and (3) find the semantic topics that best characterize the data set via topic modeling. We found that investment features (e.g., ad spend, ad lifetime), caption length, and sentiment were the top features predicting users’ engagement with the ads. In addition, positive sentiment ads were more engaging than negative ads, and psycholinguistic features (e.g., use of religion-relevant words) were identified as highly important in the makeup of an engaging disinformation ad. Linear support vector machines (SVMs) and logistic regression classifiers achieved the highest mean F scores (93.6%), revealing that the optimal feature subset contains 12 and six features, respectively. Finally, we corroborate the findings of previous research that the IRA specifically targeted Americans on divisive ad topics (e.g., LGBT rights) and advance a definition of disinformation advertising.

Analysis of the History and Situation of Music Psychology Research

As a branch of educational psychology, music psychology has experienced a long process of development, which is based on educational psychology and combines the theories and methods of human physiology, biological genetics, aesthetics and other related disciplines to study and deeply explore musical activities of human and behaviors by using experimental psychology and other means. At present, music psychology has become a very important research topic in the development of psychology in China, and it is also a research hotspot that many scholars pay close attention to. And the paper summarizes the research history of music psychology and analyzes the current research situation of music psychology.

Breast cancer related physical, psychological, social and spiritual domains of quality of life among women in Bahrain

Background: The objectives of the study were to assess the quality of life (QOL) among women with breast cancer and associate the QOL with selected background variables. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was adopted for the study. Data collection was done in oncology units of tertiary care centers. The sample type includes woman with breast cancer at stage I or II or IIIa as per TNM classification. A purposive sampling technique was followed with a total sample size of 60. The tool used was the Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire - Breast Cancer Version by National Medical Center & Beckman Research institute. Results: The QOL among study participants revealed that 42 (70%) had average QOL and 18 (30%) had poor QOL. The QOL was examined in various domains such as physical wellbeing, where the mean score was 38.47, the psychological wellbeing mean score was 60.58, social wellbeing mean was 38.10 and spiritual wellbeing mean was 38.58. There was an association between residence and occupation with QOL at p<0.05. Further there was an association between the clinical variable such as period and stages of cancer at p<0.05 and type of treatment at p<0.01. Conclusions: Breast cancer diagnosis has an undeniable effect on women at work, home and can have rapid consequences for other members in the family. Evaluation of QOL and associated factors would help the health care professionals especially nurses to organize health promotion activities and counselling sessions in varied health care settings to overcome challenges and improve Quality of Life.

Divergent Effects of Budgeting for Gifts versus Personal Purchases

Abstract Consumers often set budgets with the goal to minimize their spending. Contrary to this traditional interpretation, our research suggests that budgets can take on a different psychological meaning depending on whether the budget is for a personal or gift purchase. Across 11 studies, we find that consumers aim to spend below their budgets for personal purchases (budget minimizing) but aim to spend the entirety of their budgets for gift purchases (budget maximizing). We differentiate budget maximizing from spending maximizing, showing that gift purchasers are more likely to prefer “at-budget” than “above-budget” purchases. We also show that gift purchasers have weaker savings goals than personal purchasers—a difference that mediates the effect on their budget-minimizing and -maximizing tendencies. We explore multiple reasons that could explain why savings goals are less prevalent among gift purchasers and find an upstream role for price consciousness, guilt, and perceived specialness. Finally, we find that consumers’ preference for spending the entirety of their budgets on gifts was moderated by two separate factors: consumers’ budget slack and salience. Our research adds to the literatures on mental budgeting, gift giving, and self-other decisions.

Biological Correlates of Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG): A Literature Review

Since the beginning of medical science, much research have focused on the psychopathological effects of traumatic experiences. Despite in past centuries the scientific literature on mental health has been mainly focused on the harmful effects of traumatic occurrences, more recently the idea of "post-traumatic growth" emerged, on the basis of a growing interest in the characteristics of resilience and possible positive consequences of trauma. In this framework, increasing attention is now being paid to the psychological meaning of PTG, with a consistent number of psychopathological and epidemiological studies on this subject, but limited literature focused on neurobiological correlates or eventual biomarkers of this condition. The present work aimed to summarize and review the available evidence on neurobiological correlates of PTG and their psychological and clinical meaning. Results highlighted a variety of biochemical and neurobiological differences between PTG and non-PTG individuals, partially corroborating findings from earlier research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, although promising, findings in this field are still too limited and additional studies on the neurobiological correlates of traumatic experiences are needed in order to gain a better understanding of the subject.

Formation of Diverse Meanings of Menopause: An Integrative Literature Review

Objectives: To identify the diverse meanings of menopause in various contextual settings and to be mindful of how these meanings are formed. Methods: An integrative review was performed to analyze the existing literature on the meanings of menopause. Whittemore and Knafl’s five-step process was followed. Literature published between 2005 to 2022 was reviewed. Medline, CINAHL Scopus, Nursing Reference Center Plus, and Google Scholar databases were searched. The PRISMA flow diagram was used to illustrate the review process. For the quality appraisal of the articles, the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP) checklists were used depending on the study design. Qualitative, quantitative, mixed method, and systematic review articles were included. A data extraction form was designed encompassing author, year, methods, context, setting sample, country, related theme. For each study, findings were coded inductively, and codes were reviewed for their commonalities and differences. Key contributing pieces relating to meanings of menopause were grouped into themes. Results: A total of 65 studies were analyzed for this review. Different menopause meanings and their contributing pieces were identified. The five main categorized themes were bio-physiological, socio-cultural, sexual, psychological, and spiritual meanings and contributing factors. Conclusions: Although meanings of menopause among women can differ, the contributing pieces for meanings of menopause are common across countries. It is significant to consider a holistic care approach to support women achieve their optimal health. This study proposes additional sexual piece for holistic care model as it was identified a major theme and concern among menopausal women.

THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY, THE SUBJECT AND ITS PLACE IN THE ACTIVITY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL

Psychological reality-fact means the study of the characteristics, states, and laws of the psyche through the components of the subject's internal experiences as well as their objective forms (behavior, body movements, processes, activity products, socio-cultural phenomena), in which, apart from human consciousness , an objective entity that prevails independently of it, that is, the reflection of things and events around us, the environment, conditions, etc. in the psyche it is understood.

The Effectiveness of Mindful Hypnotherapy on Psychological Inflexibility, Pain Acceptance, Headache Disability and Intensity in Females with Chronic Migraine Headache: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This study was a randomized controlled design and examined the feasibility and effectiveness of mindful hypnotherapy on psychological inflexibility, pain acceptance, headache disability, and headache intensity in patients with chronic migraine headaches. The sample consisted of 38 females with chronic migraine who were randomly assigned to mindful hypnotherapy and medical treatment as usual groups. Psychological inflexibility pain scale (PIPS), chronic pain acceptance questionnaire-revised (CPAQ-R), headache disability inventory (HDI), diary scale for headache, and short-form McGill pain questionnaire 2 (SF-MPQ-2) were administered at baseline and post-treatment in both groups. The psychological inflexibility mean (SD) score was 81.00 (12.15) at baseline, which significantly decreased to 53.28 (17.06) after the intervention (p < 0.001). Additionally, the mean (SD) score of the pain acceptance was 46.44 (11.16), which significantly increased to 73.61 (15.65) in post-intervention (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean (SD) score of headache disability was 73.55 (19.48), which significantly decreased to 23.33 (19.88) in post-intervention (p < 0.001). Finally, headache intensity was 7.33 (0.98) and 5.78 (1.83), which significantly decreased to 2.77 (2.04), and 1.38 (1.48) after the intervention based on the Diary Scale for Headache and McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2), respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results show that mindful hypnotherapy is a feasible and effective treatment for chronic migraine.

Отражение этнополитических концепций и сценариев межэтнических отношений в психологических значениях абстрактных лексем

Ethnopolitical concepts and scenarios of interethnic relations among representatives of different interacting superethnic systems are reflected in the psychological meanings of words. The semantic structures of the associative fields (AF) of abstract nouns provide relevant, experimentally obtained data representing the psychological realia. The associative-verbal profiles can be regarded as statistical models of the psychological meanings behind the sound bodies of the analyzed lexemes. This study examines the associative fields of two abstract lexemes operating as explicators of dominating ethnopolitical attitudes in the contexts of interethnic relations to trace the semantic aspects of westernization of the young Russian students’ consciousness in the current diachrony (within the last 40–50 years). The analysis covers the latest databases obtained in the Asian regions (Siberia and the Far East) of the Russian Federation: SIBAS 1 (2008–2013) and SIBAS 2 (2014–2021), along with earlier materials: RAS (1988–1997). Psycholinguistic techniques allow us to trace the ways of embedding semantic components of ethnopolitical concepts coming from outside into the image of the world of the Russian language personality. The entries of newly coined or recently borrowed words in the explanatory dictionaries often fail to reflect the emerging lexicosemantic variants of their meanings. Hence, lexicographers can apply the knowledge obtained with the psycholinguistic toolkit as a complementary technique when describing the emerging meanings of recently borrowed words. The psychoglossic and vector analysis of the associative verbal fields allows the researcher to evaluate the dynamics and psychologically relevant trends in their meaning formation.

Ancestral calling as identity and the rite of passage: The case of Vhavenḓa indigenous healers

Accepting the ancestral calling to healing and undergoing the training to become a traditional healer in southern Africa is seen as a process of identity formation which is constructed by the knowledge acquired throughout the process. The researcher embarked on a journey with traditional health practitioners to understand their lived experiences and explored the psychological meanings of Vhavenḓa ancestral calling with a view to identifying and documenting the psychological meanings embedded in this culturally entrenched practice. A qualitative research method located within the interpretative paradigm was used. A descriptive phenomenological research design was adopted to explore the lived experiences of traditional health practitioners who have gone through the process of ancestral calling. Both snowball and purposive sampling methods were used to recruit 17 participants until saturation was researched in the findings. The findings of the study revealed that there are several symptoms that are indicative that one has an ancestral calling. These symptoms are often misunderstood and misdiagnosed when interpreted from the Western and Eurocentric perspectives. However, accepting the ancestral calling and going through training is linked with identity formation. The findings also revealed that ancestral calling is a life-transforming and therapeutic experience and a journey of self-realisation.

Psychological and Psychosocial Aspects of Medical Tattoos in Women with Breast Cancer.

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an account of the value granted to the oncologic medical tattoo by those women who have just finished their surgical and plastic breast reconstruction process following a mastectomy. To this end, we conducted in-depth interviews with the beneficiaries of the Aesthetical, Paramedical and Oncologic Micro-Pigmentation Foundation's (FEMPO) free program. Medical tattoos are positively evaluated in connection with post-breast cancer physical reconstruction; they are granted a high value due to the aesthetic effect and the simplicity of the intervention, both in the reconstruction of the areola-nipple complex and the reduction of scars and adverse effects from the adjuvant treatment on hair and eyebrows. Additionally, psychical meanings are granted that add value to the process; it is considered to be the end of a painful process, the recovery of a part of the body that had been lost, and the return to a healthy state. The above is seen as a landmark full of psychological and emotional reparation meanings. Finally, the empathic and close relationship with the team is also positively evaluated, as it helps women feel confident, promoting a caring environment beyond aesthetic considerations.

Advances on the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common and high incidence disease in clinic, which has a certain impact on the work, life and social activities of patients. Modern medicine still lacks effective treatment methods for such diseases. In recent years, clinical cases of children and adolescents have also increased year by year. Objective: In order to provide references for further study and practical treatment on allergic rhinitis, this paper summarized the advances on the treatment of allergic rhinitis by Traditional Chinese Method (TCM) and Western Medicine Method (WMM) in clinical practice and study. Method: Through detailed review and study of literatures, the theory and clinical experiences in TCM, WMM, and integrated treatment of the two were analyzed and summarized. Conclusions: TCM conducts personalized treatment for patients by syndrome differentiation. The main means are to regulate the body’s health Qi and Yang Qi. Drugs, acupuncture, psychology and other means of treatment are all used and the effects of treatment are very well. WMM mainly relieves the infiltration of local inflammatory cells, expands local capillaries, improves nasal permeability and alleviates the occurrence of allergic graduation by using kinds of drugs or surgery. Though both TCM and WMM are effective and have some common characteristics and each has its own characteristics, the combination of TCM and WMM has a good prospect and is more effective and can effectively reduce the adverse reactions of patients, because TCM is to change patients’ own constitution and the starting point of WMM is to eliminate the pathogen.

School-based universal mental health promotion intervention for adolescents in Vietnam: Two-arm, parallel, controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Happy House, a universal school-based programme, in reducing adolescents' depressive symptoms and improving their mental well-being, coping self-efficacy and school connectedness. This was a school-based, two-arm parallel controlled trial. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Data were collected at recruitment, and at 2 weeks and 6 months post-intervention. Mixed-effect models were conducted to estimate the effects of the intervention on the outcomes. A total of 1,084 students were recruited. At 2 weeks post-intervention, the effect size on depressive symptoms was 0.11 (p=0.011) and the odds of having clinically significant depressive symptoms were lower in the intervention compared to the control (0.56, p=0.027). Both of these were no longer significant at 6 months post-intervention. Psychological well-being mean scores in the intervention were significantly higher than in the control at 2 weeks post-intervention (effect size 0.13). Coping self-efficacy mean scores were significantly higher in the intervention group at both 2-week and 6-month post-intervention (effect sizes from 0.17 to 0.26). Data support the potential of Happy House to reduce the prevalence of adolescent mental health problems and to promote positive mental health in the school context in Vietnam.

Relationship Research between Positive Psychological Qualities and Meaning of Life

Relationship Research between Positive Psychological Qualities and Meaning of Life

The ambiguity of the inner child image in Ian McEwan’s novel The Child in Time

The article is devoted to the analysis of the polysemantic image of child in time, which becomes a symbol in McEwan’s novel. It seems important to reveal the psychological core of this image (characters’ return to their childhood, sometimes traumatized; the search for the inner child, acceptance of him), its philosophical comprehension in curls through time as well as the universal human meaning of the child in time. The article includes a comparative analysis of the problem of the relationship between an adult and his child inside/within, using the texts by A. de Saint-Exupery «The Little Prince» and I. McEwan «The Daydreamer», which gives an expanded idea of the topics covered by the authors in their works. We analyze the system of characters in the novel, symbols (bicycles, the pub «The Bell», rain, a child, etc.), which is closely related to the philosophical (the theme of Time, life and death, birth) and psychological (search for a child inside/within) meaning of the novel. Finally, we come to the conclusion that the child in time is the stolen child of the Lewis’ Kate; the writer Stephen Lewis, who is a kind of alter ego of the author; Charles Darke, who falls into childhood and cannot reconcile the adult and the child in himself; the episodic character of the beggar girl. Behind all these characters we can see the tragic figure of the author, who writes partly about himself and his inner child, which is a message to future generations.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ САМОСВІДОМОСТІ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ПСИХОЛОГІВ

The article discusses the problems of psychological features of the professional self-awareness of military psychologists in the situation of providing assistance to servicemen during hostilities. General psychological guidelines for the formation of professional self-awareness as a determining factor in the effectiveness of military psychologists are proposed. The methodological foundations of the study of the professional self-awareness of military psychologists are indicated, and separate results of the study of psychological features that affect their behavior in the performance of their duties in a situation of hostilities are provided. Taking into account the psychological characteristics of professional self-awareness, the expediency and methods of improving the activities of military psychologists are determined, including: the development of self-regulation skills and stress resistance, psychological means of restoring the key characteristics of military professional performance. Empirical data have been obtained that the main psychological factors of the effectiveness of military psychologists in a combat situation are sociability, activity, the ability to create a calming atmosphere, emotional balance, which contribute to the emotional discharge and raising the fighting spirit of servicemen. During the study of the influence of the psychological features of the professional self-awareness of military psychologists on the effectiveness of providing assistance in a situation of hostilities, it was found that the professionally important qualities of the specialist's psychological profile can change under the influence of the individual psychological experience gained in these actions. The success of the professional activities of military psychologists can be significantly influenced by combat stress, which should be given special attention to the skills of psychological protection. Targeted development of the ability to regulate one's own states, as well as the formation of individual characteristics of the formation of the self-regulation mechanism, can be a productive action. Self-regulation training should be built as a system of approaches to understanding one's capabilities, needs, potential, desires, attitude to oneself and the surrounding situation, and the use of all available reserves of the body and psyche.