Psychological Impact Of COVID-19 Research Articles

Psychological Impact of Covid-19 Described With SWOT Analysis

Psychological Impact of Covid-19 Described With SWOT Analysis

Psychological Flexibility Mediates Wellbeing for People with Adverse Childhood Experiences during COVID-19.

Background: The psychological impact of COVID-19 is multifaceted, both acute and chronic, and has not affected everyone equally. Method: This longitudinal study compared those with and without Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on measures of psychological distress and wellbeing over time. Results: All groups (No ACE, Low ACE, and High ACE) had similar levels of distress at Time 1, with significant increases in psychological distress for those with ACEs over time, but not for those without. Psychological Flexibility was strongly and significantly associated with decreases in psychological distress and improved wellbeing. It significantly mediated the relationship between ACE and wellbeing. Conclusions: Those with ACEs report significantly increased psychological distress over time, compared to those without ACE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence-based interventions using Psychological Flexibility may improve mental health and wellbeing to help further mediate its effects.

The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Pilot Mental Health and Wellbeing – Quarantine Experiences

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic proved to be a global challenge and the worst crisis in the aviation industry's history. Pilots were exposed to particularly high psychological stressors due to new preventative measures, stringent quarantine experiences, loss of income and unemployment. Research question. The purpose of the study was to assess the immediate psychological impact of COVID-19 on pilot mental health and wellbeing - with specific reference to quarantine experiences. Method. Research was conducted over the period May-July 2020 and data was gathered via a snowball sampling as well as a voluntary response technique. A total of N=1324 pilots completed a bespoke online biodata survey, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results. The analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between quarantine context or quarantine duration and pilot mental health. However, a fairly high percentage of respondents reported moderate depression (10,9%) and moderately severe to severe depression (8,8%) when quarantine extended to 10 weeks and beyond. When considering anxiety, 28,3% of the respondents reported moderate symptoms and 12,5% reported severe symptoms of anxiety with extended quarantine. Discussion. The psychological impact of COVID-19 causes serious concerns from a risk management perspective. Screening processes to identify or mitigate risks associated with the psychological impact should be considered. Conclusion. The findings of the study may be useful to formulate interventions that can minimise psychological stressors and improve mental health and resilience as pilots return to normal operations. It can also serve as historical reference or baseline for evaluating prevention, control and treatment programmes in the coming years.

"The show must go on": Aftermath of Covid-19 on anesthesiology residency programs.

COVID-19 has caused tectonic changes in the personal and professional lives of anesthesiologists and, among several aspects, anesthesiology residency and sub-specialty training has also undergone an unforeseen overhaul. We read the articles published on the impact of COVID-19 on training of anesthesiologists and set out to extract and narrate all the significant observations. At the outset, we begin by explaining how this pandemic posed a threat to the safety of the residents and mitigating measures like PPE and barriers that have now become 'the new normal'. Sub-specialties like critical care, cardiac anesthesia, pain and palliative care have also faced difficulty in imparting training due to an initial dearth in elective surgery case load but have adapted innovative measures to overcome that. Initially, conducting thesis and research became difficult due to problems in achieving the desires sample size needed to get significant results, but this pandemic has emerged as a dynamic laboratory where topics like 'psychological impact of COVID-19' and 'development of artificial intelligence models in COVID -19 ICUs' came into the fore. Pattern of examination has also become virtual and webinars showed how knowledge, with the right medium, has the potential of global outreach. As the pandemic took a toll on the mental health of the residents, attention was paid to this previously neglected aspect and ensuring their emotional well-being became a priority to avoid the issue of burn-out. We comment on how what initially was considered a scary problem, actually paved way for growth. It brought attention to safety, innovation, new tools for training, finding solutions within constraints, continuing developing our residents into future leaders who were also trained for mitigating disasters. Changes like online education, research on socio-economic impact, priority to mental health and artificial intelligence are here to stay and by imbibing it, we ensure that 'the show must go on'.

Comparison of knowledge, attitude, practices, and psychological impact of COVID-19 among the urban and rural population of Bangalore, Karnataka

Context and Objectives: There is a strong urban-rural divide in India in terms of education, economic status, and availability of health care. This became more prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the government emphasized on preventive aspects, especially in terms of safety practices. With this context, this study sought to evaluate and compare the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and psychological impact of COVID-19 among the urban and rural population of Bangalore to study the differential effects on both communities. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed to 142 participants between December 1 and 31, 2020. The goal was to receive responses from both urban and rural population of Bangalore. Informed consent was taken from all participants. The response scores were tabulated and analyzed using statistical software. Results and Conclusion: A total of 138 responses were evaluated. In comparison to the urban population, there was a statistically significant link between inferior education and occupation in the rural population. (P 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between rural and urban respondents in terms of knowledge (P 0.001) and attitude (P 0.05). The rural population's COVID-19 practices and the psychological impact were shown to be worse, but this was not statistically significant. A holistic approach is required to increase the rural population's knowledge and practices to integrate them with the rest of the country and combat the COVID-19 pandemic more effectively.

Psychological impact of COVID-19 on female health professionals

Background: The World Health Organization in January 2020 declared an outbreak of novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, an international public health emergency. The suddenness of this calamity with no end in sight caused a great deal of stress, anxiety, and depression throughout the world. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the psychological impact during the developing COVID-19 situation among female health professionals. Methods: This was an observation-based cross-sectional study conducted for a total of 3-month duration between August and October 2020. A structured questionnaire to assess the psychological impact was sent via the (email) electronic mail system, and responses were obtained from 343 female doctors. Results: The mean ± standard deviation values for age were found to be 39 ± 8 years. Insomnia, stress, and anxiety were seen in a majority of the respondents. Conclusions: The present study has shown severe psychological impact associated with the pandemic on female health-care workers and highlights the major factors associated.

Psychological impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers in King Hamad University Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis with a likely long-term psychological impact on healthcare workers (HCWs). As the pandemic moves towards endemic status, little knowledge exists on how it has affected HCWs in the Kingdom of Bahrain. This study aims to evaluate the psychological impact and related factors of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors were assessed at two time periods: 1- July 2020 (T1: 6 months after the pandemic started in Bahrain) and 2- 6-month follow-up during January 2021 (T2: 12 months). Methods: An online cross-sectional survey using standardized questionnaires; Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and factors including lifestyle, exposure to COVID-19, and knowledge of the centre’s psychological support services was circulated during both the time periods. Results: Based on a sample size of 366 (T1) and 537 (T2) HCWs, mild/positive PTSD prevalence increased from 18.9% (T1) to 19.6 % (T2), but anxiety decreased from 31.1% (T1) to 27.4% (T2). Sleep-related disturbances significantly decreased from T1 to T2 (32.5 % vs 24.8%, p = 0.013). Although the frequency of HCWs with psychological distress and anxiety did not change significantly over time, there was a decrease in severity of both psychological distress (p=0.06) and anxiety (p=0.005). HCWs (75%) who were aware of available psychological support services also had lower IES-R and BAI scores. Conclusion: COVID-19 has caused psychological distress and anxiety to HCWs, but rates were lower compared to other studies. Further development of COVID-19 leadership strategies incorporating interventions focused on psychological support for HCWs is needed. Keywords: COVID-19, Trauma, Mental health, Anxiety, Psychological impact, Post-traumatic stress disorder

The psychological effect of the COVID 19 pandemic on the staff of the Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech

Background: Health professionals have undergone very high levels of workload and pressure since the COVID-19 epidemic. Purpose: This study aims to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on health professionals at the Mohammed VI University Hospital. From May 31 to June 22, 2020. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out among professionals of the Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech using a questionnaire measuring the psychological impacts; the event impact scale - revised (IES-R), An exploratory and bivariate factor analysis was carried out to exploit the results. Results; 117 people answered the questionnaire, 66.67% were women, the average age was 30 years with extremes ranging from 25 to 60 years, 46.15% were doctors, 46.15% were nurses, 25.65% of participants lived alone, while 74.35% with families, after the start of the epidemic, 51 people lived in one of the hotels dedicated to housing and confinement. 28.2% or 33 people had declared transport problems. Of the participants in the study, 53.84% presented with insomnia, 12.82% (15) described aggression, and somatization was presented by 9 people (7.69%), nightmares by 9 others (7.69%) and intense fear by 3 people. 7.7% or 9 people who have already consulted the psychiatric listening cell during this period. The IES-R score is calculated at 41.94 or in favor of a post-traumatic stress disorder prevalent in this sample, with a score of avoidance at 12.76, intrusion of memories at 18.58 and hyperactivity at 10.58. Conclusion: unwanted psychological impacts are prevalent among our healthcare professionals.

The Socio-economic and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 in Kenya and Zambia: Focusing on Community Development Project and Child Sponsorship Program

코로나19는 전 세계 거의 모든 국가의 경제 성장률을 감소시켰고, 가정 내에도 불화와 우울감을 증가시키는 부정적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 본 연구는 코로나19가 개발도상국의 취약 가정에 미친 사회경제적 영향 및 심리적 영향을 파악하고 굿네이버스의 지역개발사업과 아동결연 프로그램의 역할을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구의 대상으로 굿네이버스 케냐와 굿네이버스 잠비아의 지역개발사업장을 선택하여, 주요정보제공자면접, 초점집단면접, 843가구와의 설문 조사를 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 코로나19 발생 이후 가정의 월평균 소득은 케냐가 42%, 잠비아가 30% 정도 감소하였으며, 양국 모두 가정의 결식 횟수가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 취약 가정 가장의 우울감 또한 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 굿네이버스의 지역개발사업과 아동결연 프로그램은 지역사회 사회안전망으로서 실직상태인 가장의 우울감을 완화하는 역할을 한 것으로 나타났다.

The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia: A Year Later Into the Pandemic.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to healthcare workers worldwide. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia, and to identify the factors associated with these psychological disorders.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from January 21 to March 2, 2021. Physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other healthcare workers from different parts of Saudi Arabia were recruited through snowball sampling. Psychological outcomes were measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Pearson's chi-square test was used to explore the bivariate association between diverse characteristics and each outcome. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress.Results: A total of 501 healthcare workers completed the survey, of whom 60% were female and nearly half were pharmacists. The majority (76.25%) of respondents reported that a family member, friend, or colleague had contracted COVID-19, and more than one-third (36%) knew someone who died due to COVID-19. Overall, the estimated prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 54.69, 60.88, and 41.92%, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that healthcare workers with chronic diseases, nurses, and healthcare workers from the southern region were more likely to suffer from depression and stress. Further, individuals with positive COVID-19 test results showed a greater proportion of depressive symptoms compared to others. In addition, knowing someone who died due to COVID-19 and having a chronic illness were predisposing factors for anxiety.Conclusion: After more than a year, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress remains substantial among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. The findings can help guide efforts to mitigate the psychological impact of the pandemic.

The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Home Based Primary Care Providers in New York: A Qualitative Study

Research on professional burnout during the pandemic has focused on hospital-based health care workers. This study examined the psychological impact of the pandemic on home-based primary care (HBPC) providers. We interviewed 13 participants from six HBPC practices in the New York including medical/clinical directors, program managers, nurse practitioners, and social workers and analyzed the transcripts using inductive qualitative analysis approach. HBPC providers experienced emotional exhaustion and a sense of reduced personal accomplishment. They reported experiencing grief of losing many patients at once and pressure to adapt to changing circumstances quickly. They also reported feeling guilty for failing to protect their patients and reduced confidence in their professional expertise. Strategies to combat burnout included shorter on-call, regular condolence meetings to acknowledge patient deaths, and peer support calls. Our study identifies potential resources to improve the well-being and reduce the risk of burnout among HBPC providers.

The Impact of COVID-19 Concerns on the Mental Health of Older Adults: A Rapid Review

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic continues to drastically impact older adults. Despite COVID-19 being linked to increased social isolation and loneliness, more research is needed on the psychological effects associated with older adults’ concerns of the pandemic. The current review explores associations between the COVID-19 Pandemic and older adults’ mental health to increase awareness and understanding. For this rapid review, empirical peer-reviewed source documents were identified through a computerized search using APA PsycInfo and Google Scholar bibliographical databases covering the years 2019 to 2021. The following keywords and combinations were used: “older adults,” “COVID-19,” and “mental health effects.” Relevant exclusion criteria were applied, and all related English-language journal articles were read. 47 articles met inclusion criteria. Eight associated COVID-19 stress with loneliness, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and poor psychological well-being, with three additional articles reporting elevations in women. Three articles revealed mixed findings regarding the impact of age on psychological variables. 13 articles evaluated changes among those with psychological/psychiatric diagnoses, and six explored physical activity and depression. Of the remaining articles, two concentrated on nutrition; seven examined routines, behaviors, and societal or risk perceptions; two evaluated coping mechanisms; and three examined emotional distress changes. Understanding COVID-19’s psychological impact on older adults will take time. This rapid review revealed mixed findings regarding COVID-19 related concerns on older adults’ psychological well-being, with multiple demographic variables uniquely impacting these outcomes. It is imperative that future research explore older adults’ risks and develop interventions related to the psychological impact of COVID-19.

Emotions in the Time of COVID-19: Affections and Impacts among the Spanish Primary Care Workforce.

Background: The literature review shows that most studies on the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare professionals have focused on hospital staff, with few specifically addressing the primary care workforce. This study aims to explore primary care workers’ verbal accounts of the emotions they experienced. Methods: This is a qualitative study carried out between July and December 2020 in Spain. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with primary care workers. Data were analysed through thematic content analysis. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Results: A total of 53 primary care workers participated in the study, of whom 38 were individually interviewed, and 15 participated in three focus groups. Our analysis revealed themes in two categories: (1) from infection to affection; and (2) affected, but not patients—a discourse based on the acceptance of their experience as part of their work in primary care, creating an ideological construct or “shield” based on emotional self-management. Conclusions: Self-reflection on the emotional impact of COVID-19 is scarce. Examples of emotional affections include an obsessive focus on hygiene, the inability to establish clear boundaries between the personal and the professional spheres, and experiencing—and having to self-manage—emotional strain.

Gender Inequality and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: We explore gender differences in mental health deterioration and psychological well-being due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the mechanisms through which these differences may operate. Methods: Using data from the Life during Pandemic survey in Chile, which covers 2,545 adult respondents, we estimate econometric models to explore gender differences in psychological well-being and mental health as well as economic fragility and household workload during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: We find women are more likely to report overall bad mental health and deterioration of well-being. They are also more likely to have a new diagnosis of a mental health problem, to be pursuing treatment and taking prescription medication. Moreover, women report an increase in household chores and in childcare, and are more likely to have lost their employment or experienced a loss of income due to the pandemic. Conclusion: Our results offer a general picture of gender differences in the psychological impact of COVID-19. We argue that policies that mitigate economic stress and address the needs of women specifically may ease mental health deterioration due to the pandemic.

The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Front Line Nurses: A Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence

Caring for people with COVID-19 on the front line has psychological impacts for healthcare professionals. Despite the important psychological impacts of the pandemic on nurses, the qualitative evidence on this topic has not been synthesized. Our objective: To analyze and synthesize qualitative studies that investigate the perceptions of nurses about the psychological impacts of treating hospitalized people with COVID-19 on the front line. A systematic review of qualitative studies published in English or Spanish up to March 2021 was carried out in the following databases: The Cochrane Library, Medline (Pubmed), PsycINFO, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and CINHAL. The PRISMA statement and the Cochrane recommendations for qualitative evidence synthesis were followed. Results: The main psychological impacts of caring for people with COVID-19 perceived by nurses working on the front line were fear, anxiety, stress, social isolation, depressive symptoms, uncertainty, and frustration. The fear of infecting family members or being infected was the main repercussion perceived by the nurses. Other negative impacts that this review added and that nurses suffer as the COVID-19 pandemic progress were anger, obsessive thoughts, compulsivity, introversion, apprehension, impotence, alteration of space-time perception, somatization, and feeling of betrayal. Resilience was a coping tool used by nurses. Conclusions: Front line care for people with COVID-19 causes fear, anxiety, stress, social isolation, depressive symptoms, uncertainty, frustration, anger, obsessive thoughts, compulsivity, introversion, apprehension, impotence, alteration of space-time perception, somatization, and feeling of betrayal in nurses. It is necessary to provide front line nurses with the necessary support to reduce the psychological impact derived from caring for people with COVID-19, improve training programs for future pandemics, and analyze the long-term impacts.

After the Pandemic: The Future of Italian Medicine. The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Medical and Other Healthcare-Related Degrees Students.

Objective: The study aimed to explore the psychological symptoms and the readiness to fight the pandemic of the new generation of healthcare professionals: medical and other healthcare degree students.Methods: We enrolled 509 medical and healthcare-related degree students during the second outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. We have examined their psychological symptoms using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and their readiness to fight the pandemic together with their academic career status, their relationship with the university, and their emotional reactions to the pandemic with Visual Analog Scales.Results: We retrieved a GHQ mean of 21.65 (SD = 40.63) and readiness to fight the pandemic mean of 53.58 (SD = 31.49). Perceived control affects variables: a negative effect on psychological symptoms and a positive effect on the willingness to fight the pandemic. The other variables with an impact were stress, loneliness, and anger that had a significant and positive impact on psychological symptoms. Age and concern for patients had a significant positive impact on readiness to fight for the pandemic, while years of attendance had a significant but negative impact.Conclusion: Universities and Institutions should consider the impact of the pandemic on students, in particular, for its effect on their mental health.

Prevalence of depression among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Medical students frequently have depressive symptoms. Thus, the psychological impact of COVID-19 on them should be high. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of depression in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of depression in medical students, published from December 1, 2019 to December 27, 2020. Eleven studies were included, most of them from Asia. The estimated overall prevalence of depression in medical students was 31% (95% CI: 23%-40%), with lower prevalence rates reported in studies from Asia in general, and China in particular. Our findings indicate that the proportion of medical students with depression during the pandemic was high, and comparable with that reported in other university students.

Covid-19 and Psychological Impact: A Case of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Female Survivor of Covid-19 in Senegal

The psychological impact of Covid-19 on those affected is well documented. Since the beginning of the pandemic, mental health specialists have drawn attention to the possibility of a wave of mental disorders, some of which are post-traumatic stress disorders. We report the case of a 36-year-old female patient, who was directly confronted with Covid-19 with a 10-day stay in an epidemic treatment center. She presented to the psychiatry seven months later with frequent forgetfulness, incessant crying, and intrusive thoughts about her stay at the epidemic treatment center and absenteeism from work, and was found to have post-traumatic stress disorder with depressive symptoms. This case study aims to evaluate the clinical presentation of post-traumatic stress disorder in a survivor of Covid-19. This case report shows that it is not uncommon in the current health crisis to have patients consulting psychiatry for post-traumatic stress disorder, especially those who are directly confronted with the disease. We hope that the follow-up of recovered Covid-19 patients will be the subject of further scientific research in order to detect those who are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder.

The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on the General Population in Morocco

Introduction: Currently, we are going through an exceptional sanitary crisis due to the appearance of SARS-COV2, the containment being an act of social distancing is taken as a preventive measure to decrease the spread of the virus. It is undeniable that the COVID-19 pandemic affects not only physical health but also mental health and well-being. The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of the virus in the general population in Morocco, including stress and sleep disorders. Methodology: To develop this work, we used an anonymous questionnaire based on, in addition to individual status and conditions, scales assessing stress and sleep. The PSS-10 (Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale) for perceived stress and ISI (C. Morin's Insomnia Severity Index) for sleep disorders were chosen. Results: We collected 1240 participants, the median age of our participants is 29 years (25-34), with a female predominance of 89.5%. Most of our participants at this stage would have already known someone who had not already contracted the virus with a percentage of 71.7%. Regarding the evaluation of perceived stress, 66% had moderate stress, 16% had mild stress and 13.70% had severe stress. For sleep, 34.7% would have had mild insomnia, 32.3% moderate insomnia, 9% severe insomnia and 24% would not have had insomnia. Female gender, being divorced, living in a rural area, and knowing someone close to you who has had the virus were found to be factors influencing perceived stress. For insomnia, being 18 to 29 years old and female increases the risk of insomnia. Conclusion: The assessment of perceived stress and sleep disturbances concluded that there was a clear impact of the pandemic on the lives of the general population in Morocco.

Emotion Regulation and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Post-Graduate University Students

Background: In early 2020, The COVID-19 became a global public health concern. After the first report of three known cases on 8 March 2020, Bangladesh went on lock-down, and also, educational institutions have been put on an extended lock-down. As a consequence, it put a pause on the students’ academic activity. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the state of mental health of the postgraduate students in a tertiary educational institution in Bangladesh and the role of emotion regulation strategies they use in managing their well-being. Methods: The present study was designed as a cross-sectional online survey covering 206 young adults. Participants completed questionnaires of Emotion Regulation, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Depression, COVID-19 concern ratings, and provided demographic information. Results: Students used Cognitive Reappraisal strategy while they were feeling anxious and depressed with Expressive Suppression more often to regulate their depressive state. Both current students and graduates were worried about their future career, and students still studying were highly anxious regarding their academic future. Moreover, not knowing virus infection status made them highly anxious and depressed. Conclusions: The psychological impact of COVID-19 on postgraduate students has been found significantly higher. The trend is somewhat not unexpected as social and daily life functioning has changed remarkably due to COVID-19 pandemic. The present study opens a door for mental health professionals in terms of assessment, points of collaboration, providing intervention and support where needed.