Introduction: The different studies assessed quality of life (QOL) in patients with spinal cord injury with different research tools and showed that QOL scores less are considered in national and international studies and in different cultures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the QOL of patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery in Hamadan Province, West of Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed of 300 patients underwent elective lumbar laminectomy (partial or complete) or fusion between 2012 and 2015, at a single tertiary care centre for non-traumatic and non-neoplastic indications in Hamadan, Iran. We used the Iranian version of the brief questionnaire of the World Health Organisation on QOL (WHOQOL-BREF). Stata software version 12 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) was used to perform all the analytical operations. Results: In regard of psychological health (P = 0.21), social relationships (P = 0.64) and environment health (P = 0.85), patients underwent fusion surgery were obtained higher score and in regard of physical health patients underwent partial laminectomy were obtained higher score (P = 0.09). However, only in physical health domain differences between three groups was relatively significant. Mean QOL scores in each WHOQOL-BRIEF domains according to patients pain duration are presented, as shown in physical health (P = 0.06) and psychological health (P = 0.04) domains, patients with pain duration <1 year were reported higher scores. Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used in the post-operative patient information and aid the surgeon and the patient in a shared decision-making process.