Psychological Foundations Research Articles

Research on the Current Status of the Application of Ethnic Music Elements in Secondary School Music Education

Folk music is an indispensable branch of the tree of Chinese culture and a treasure of our outstanding traditional culture. Our national music comes from our ancestors' love for the nation for thousands of years. By integrating the essence of folk music into contemporary middle school music teaching, we can better promote, develop and enhance the charm of folk music. As Mr. Zhou Yin-chang pointed out, "Chinese as mother tongue" music education should become a focus, rather than just bringing young people into the stream of history, it aims to help young people better understand the tradition, inherit and carry forward the tradition, and better move towards the future. Through systematic investigation, analysis and research, we find that the teaching and application of folk music should have a good psychological foundation, which is derived from Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky's theory of culture-historical development and other professional psychological theories. Based on this, we need to take measures to enhance the interest of middle school students in folk music, at the same time, we also need to train excellent teachers, so that they can better spread, carry forward and inherit the excellent traditional culture, and actively participate in various social practices, and strive to realize the true inheritance of folk music.

Post-traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions.

The understanding of responses to traumatic events has been greatly influenced by the introduction of the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this paper we review the initial versions of the diagnostic criteria for this condition and the associated epidemiological findings, including sociocultural differences. We consider evidence for post-traumatic reactions occurring in multiple contexts not previously defined as traumatic, and the implications that these observations have for the diagnosis. More recent developments such as the DSM-5 dissociative subtype and the ICD-11 diagnosis of complex PTSD are reviewed, adding to evidence that there are several distinct PTSD phenotypes. We describe the psychological foundations of PTSD, involving disturbances to memory as well as to identity. A broader focus on identity may be able to accommodate group and communal influences on the experience of trauma and PTSD, as well as the impact of resource loss. We then summarize current evidence concerning the biological foundations of PTSD, with a particular focus on genetic and neuroimaging studies. Whereas progress in prevention has been disappointing, there is now an extensive evidence supporting the efficacy of a variety of psychological treatments for established PTSD, including trauma-focused interventions - such as trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) - and non-trauma-focused therapies, which also include some emerging identity-based approaches such as present-centered and compassion-focused therapies. Additionally, there are promising interventions that are neither psychological nor pharmacological, or that combine a pharmacological and a psychological approach, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy. We review advances in the priority areas of adapting interventions in resource-limited settings and across cultural contexts, and of community-based approaches. We conclude by identifying future directions for work on trauma and mental health.

Pedagogical-psychological basis of using the approaches to education of new enlightenmentalists

This article studies the views of the Jadid Enlightenment on education and the pedagogical and psychological foundations of their use. The study analyzes the innovative approaches of the Jadid Enlightenment to education, their impact on modern educational processes and their relevance. Also, the importance of methodological approaches in the effective organization of the educational process and the comprehensive development of students based on the ideas of the Jadids is revealed. The article presents theoretical and practical proposals and recommendations for solving these issues.

The Moral Psychological Justification of Anger: An Exploration of Self-Respect and Recognition.

In the field of moral psychology, traditional perspectives often evaluate anger based on its consequences, either validating or condemning it for its perceived benefits or harms. This paper argues for a shift in focus from the outcomes of anger to its moral and psychological foundations. By integrating insights from psychological research, this study posits that the fundamental nature of anger is intrinsically linked to the quest for recognition. Justified anger is defined as an emotional response to the unmet need for fair acknowledgment, while unjustified anger stems from feelings of superiority and the pursuit of higher status. This paper distinguishes between these two forms of anger, providing a more nuanced and intuitive understanding of the emotion. This interpretive framework not only aligns with our experiential understanding of anger but also offers a theoretical bridge to reconcile divergent philosophical and psychological perspectives. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing the underlying issues of recognition and self-esteem, suggesting that anger, when properly understood and managed, can serve as a constructive force for social justice and mutual respect.

EPISTEMOLOGÍA Y MULTIDISCIPLINARIEDAD: NUEVAS PERSPECTIVAS DEL SABER

Abstract The purpose of this essay is to reflect on the new perspectives of knowledge in epistemology and multidisciplinarity. This descriptive analysis focuses on the importance of epistemology in the validation of scientific knowledge considering its historical, social and psychological foundations. Epistemological dilemmas related to the nature of truth, justification and belief are decisive in understanding and evaluating knowledge. This discipline analyzes the methods and principles that guarantee the reliability of research knowledge. Multidisciplinary research integrates diverse epistemological approaches, from empiricism to pragmatism, to address complex problems, strengthening the generation of interdisciplinary learning. Ethics requires a commitment to principles such as respect, justice and beneficence, avoiding questionable practices and ensuring scientific rigor in research. In conclusion, epistemology validates scientific knowledge through justification, truth and belief, relying on theories such as empiricism and rationalism. Dynamic epistemic models guide research and facilitate the interpretation of phenomena. Multidisciplinarity enriches the study by integrating diverse methods, while ethics guarantees responsible practices, such as informed consent and integrity of results.

Use of Big Data Analytics to Understand Consumer Behavior

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning and characteristics of big data and to examine aspects of consumer behavior within the framework of big data research. The results show that although external factors and internal perception are the primary determinants of consumer decision making, big data also affects customer perception through external factors. Data is too large to be handled and analyzed by standard database management system techniques (Latvia_ ESRD 43_2016, n.d.). In order to give their businesses a competitive edge, marketers can use analytics to better understand consumer behavior. This article explores the characteristics of the big data phenomenon (Ramanathan, U., Subramanian, N., Yu, W., & Vijaygopal, R., 2017). Data is gathered from clients who receive business and technical training under controlled conditions. Apart from going over technical aspects like architecture, infrastructure, logic, theory, and environment building, this study will also cover consumer behavior modeling (Erevelles, S., Fukawa, N., & Swayne, L, 2016) The first part of the literature review examines concepts related to trust in consumer behavior. It investigates the psychological foundations of consumer trust as well as the ways in which perceptions of risk, confidence, and trust influence the decision-making process (Sousa, R., & Voss, C., 2012) Furthermore, it runs counter to the idea of empowered firms by highlighting how legitimacy affects consumer trust, brand integrity, and trust. However, it looks at why customers are suspicious of unlicensed services and discusses the problems and reasons behind that mistrust. In (Anshari, M., Almunawar, M. N., Lim, S. A., & Al-Mudimigh, A., 2019). The recommendation engine essentially suggests numerous products based on a variety of factors, such as the user's age and previous purchases. This kind of data filtering technology uses machine learning algorithms to recommend the best products to a particular customer. The purpose of this study is to segment related product reviews and analyze user sentiment in order to create a product recommendation system (Ertemel, A. V., 2015).

The Imposter Experience: Examining the Psychological Foundations and Impacts of Imposter Syndrome

Imposter syndrome presents significant challenges for individuals, particularly high achievers, leading to feelings of inadequacy and adverse effects on personal and organizational well-being. Understanding the nuances of this syndrome is essential for addressing the pervasive feelings of self-doubt that can hinder performance and overall satisfaction. This study explores the psychological foundations, impacts, and coping strategies associated with imposter syndrome, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the phenomenon. It identifies negative characteristics linked to the syndrome, such as elevated anxiety levels and diminished self-efficacy, and underscores its detrimental effects on individual well-being and organizational dynamics, including burnout and decreased job satisfaction. Effective coping strategies, such as reframing negative thoughts and fostering social support, are discussed as means to mitigate these impacts. The study advocates for targeted interventions within organizations to raise awareness and promote equitable practices, ultimately contributing to a healthier work environment.

Douglas Candland (1934-2023).

Douglas Candland, founder of the first undergraduate major in animal behavior and long-time editor of the Review in General Psychology, passed away on April 16, 2023. Doug's influence in the fields of psychology and animal behavior was enormous. Doug was born on July 9, 1934, and grew up in Southern California. He completed his undergraduate degree at Pomona College in 1956, with a very interdisciplinary suite of majors in psychology, philosophy, and history. He then traveled across the country to Princeton University where he completed his PhD in psychology in 1959, and after a year's postdoc at the University of Virginia, he began a faculty position in psychology at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. It was here that Doug spent his entire academic career, retiring in 2003. In 1968, Doug established the animal behavior major at Bucknell. For many years, this remained the only undergraduate major in animal behavior in the United States. Doug was a gifted teacher and was recognized by both the Animal Behavior Society and the American Psychological Foundation for his outstanding mentorship and creativity in the classroom. It was not at all unusual for students to gather at his home for a potluck and conversation. Doug had a sharp wit and an infectious laugh. He was gifted at seeing the potential in his students and nurturing it in all ways. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A Study on the Shaping of Students' Self-Efficacy by Teachers' Feedback Styles in the View of Educational Psychology

This study explores the shaping of students' self-efficacy by teachers' feedback styles from the perspective of educational psychology. The classification and characteristics of teachers' feedback styles are analyzed, including conversational descriptive feedback, different types of feedback, self-referential and other-referential feedback, and SHARP feedback method. The concept and importance of students' self-efficacy and the relevant theoretical foundations in educational psychology, such as Bandura's social cognitive theory and Locke's goal-setting theory, are described. The relationship between teachers' teaching efficacy and students' self-efficacy was investigated, and teacher feedback strategies for cultivating students' self-efficacy were proposed, including giving positive feedback and recognition, encouraging to try new things, and providing a suitable learning environment. Finally, we summarize the research results and point out the shortcomings and prospects of the study. In the future, we can further study the relationship between teachers' feedback and students' self-efficacy in different cultural backgrounds and digital environments, and expand the research targets and incorporate more theories of educational psychology.

The Phenomenon of Power: The Social and Psychological Foundations of Power Relations

Today, in the academic environment and on the practical level, many methods are used to assess the motive of collective and internal (personal) power. At the same time, less and less attention is being paid to the issue of the phenomenon of power itself, epistemological and ontological side of it. In this work, variety of approaches to the analysis of the phenomenon of power are considered, evidence is provided that power, first of all, has a social basis and the motive of expanding power is an internal engine for all human activity. In order to form clear definitions related to such a complex phenomenon, it became necessary to integrate the ideas of power of many authors. However, due to the breadth of the notion of power, it is difficult to reduce it to one simple definition. The reader needs to understand the impossibility of fully covering everything related to the phenomenon of power in one scientific article. One of the indirect goals pursued in this work is to revive the discussion about the foundations of the concept of power and power relations.

A systematic literature review on the impact of participation in sport and physical activities on psychological resilience

Participation in sports and physical activity (PA) is often considered a potential contributor to psychological resilience due to its physical, cognitive, and social benefits. This review aims to synthesize an extensive overview of the existing knowledge landscape, shedding light on the mechanisms through which sport and PA may contribute to psychological resilience among students. Guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement review method, we comprehensively searched key databases, including EBSCOhost and Scopus. Note that a total of 353 publications were initially determined. The final finding data concludes that 15 met the selection criteria. The findings were synthesized based on three themes: enhancing positive mental health, reducing negative emotions, and mitigating depression and anxiety. These outcomes highlight the transformative potential of sports and PAs in nurturing a robust psychological foundation among student populations. However, it calls for more robust and standardized research approaches. This is with implications suggesting the integration of sports and PA into comprehensive mental health programs, emphasizing their multifaceted benefits beyond psychological resilience. Tailoring interventions, recognizing the social aspects, and emphasizing the personalized approach can contribute to more effective mental health promotion strategies for students.

Landasan Kurikulum Indonesia dalam Sistem Pendidikan dengan Studi Literatur

The curriculum is a main element in education that influences all educational activities. With its very important strategic role, curriculum development must be carried out carefully and not haphazardly. This process requires a solid foundation, supported by thorough research and deep thinking. This research aims to understand the foundations of curriculum development in Indonesia. In general, four foundations will be discussed in this study, namely the philosophical foundation, psychological foundation, sociological foundation, and organizational foundation. The method used is literature study. This research is a type of study that collects data from literature. The data collection technique in this research is documentation, which involves searching for written sources that contain information on the discussed topic. Primary data is obtained from reading references such as books, journals, and websites. Philosophical foundations, philosophical views are very much needed in education, especially in determining the direction and goals of education.The sociological foundation directs the study of the curriculum in relation to society, culture, and the development of knowledge. The organizational foundation pertains to the organization of material, which includes the scope of the material and the arrangement of each material, as well as the material as a whole, organized and arranged systematically according to the phases of physical-psychological growth and development of the learners based on in-depth and sufficiently comprehensive thinking. Curriculum developers must consider the psychological condition of individuals, in this case, the students, especially in designing and implementing the curriculum so that educational goals can be achieved optimally. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that there are four foundations for curriculum development, which include the philosophical foundation, sociological foundation, organizational foundation, and psychological foundation.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ РОЗВИТКУ ТВОРЧИХ ЗДІБНОСТЕЙ ПСИХОЛОГІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ (ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ТЕХНІЧНОЇ) ОСВІТИ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article consists in the analysis and theoretical substantiation of the psychological foundations that determine the development of creative abilities, experimental verification and improvement of the strategy for the development of creative abilities of psychologists of professional education institutions in the context of their professional activities. Methodology. The methods used in the research: questionnaires, an experiment; standardized psychometric tests: the test for assessing the intelligence of H. Aisenk; the modified Torrance test (ATTA) for the assessment of creative thinking; the method of diagnosing empathic abilities (V. Boiko); the modified test-questionnaire for measuring achievement motivation by A. Mehrabian. Results. 54 practical psychologists of professional education institutions of the Dnipropetrovsk region took part in the experimental study of the development of creative abilities. Implementation of the Strategy’s measures contributed to positive changes in the development of creativity of psychologists, which was reflected in the general trend towards the growth of all indicators of creative abilities that were evaluated: average indicators according to the ATTA methodology (speed, flexibility, originality, development, accuracy of thinking); empathic abilities; a change in the share of respondents from the dominant motives of the desire to avoid failure to the desire to achieve success. Practical implications. Implementation of the Strategy’s measures contributed to positive changes in the development of creativity of psychologists, which was reflected in the general trend towards the growth of all indicators of creative abilities that were evaluated: average indicators according to the ATTA methodology (speed, flexibility, originality, development, accuracy of thinking); empathic abilities; a change in the share of respondents from the dominant motives of the desire to avoid failure to the desire to achieve success. Value (originality). The value of the research lies in the theoretical substantiation and practical approbation in institutions of professional education of the Dnipropetrovsk region of the Strategy for the development of professional creativity of psychologists. Key words: creative abilities, creativity, psychologists, institutions of professional (vocational and technical) education.

The Psychosocial Impacts of Racism on the Development of Black Brazilian Adolescents: Dialogues Based on Vigotski's Historical-Cultural Clinical Psychology

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the psychosocial implications of racism in the development of black Brazilian adolescents, with the aim of contributing to the construction of theoretical and practical foundations for the work of the cultural-historical clinical psychologist. Theoretical Framework: This study is based on the Historical-Cultural Psychology of L. S. Vigostki, a Soviet psychologist, and more specifically on the problematizations of Historical-Cultural Clinical Psychology, as well as on discussions and research into Ethnic-Racial Studies. Method: This is an exploratory study and, more specifically, it was constructed using a Narrative Literature Review, using theoretical and bibliographical references and the research experience in cultural-historical clinical psychology of the Laboratory for the Study of Subjectivity and Mental Health (LADES-UECE) to reflect on the bases for the work of the cultural-historical clinical psychologist with black adolescents. Results and Discussion: The results show that the experience of racism has profound psychosocial impacts on the psychic dynamics of black adolescents, with three main consequences for the formation of their personality: 1) dysfunctionalization of the cognition-affect unit; 2) disarticulation in the psychological function of concept formation; and, finally, 3) disorganization in the psychic activity of black adolescents. In addition, the results point to the weakness in the training of the cultural-historical clinical psychologist in terms of understanding what racism is, what its impacts are on the psychic development of the black individual, as well as the ability to manage these impacts. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are that it provides fundamental directions for the work of the cultural-historical clinical psychologist, both on a theoretical level - addressing the construction of clinical reasoning in a psychological approach without much systematization in Brazil - and on a practical level - signaling intervention and management strategies in the face of psychological problems faced by black people in Brazil, especially black adolescents. Originality/Value: In an original and unprecedented way, this study contributes to the literature in the field of historical-cultural clinical psychology, which is at the beginning of its construction in Brazil. Furthermore, from an ethical-political point of view, the study calls for cultural-historical clinical psychologists to carry out clinical practice in accordance with the philosophical-epistemological foundations of Vygotsky's psychology.

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FORMING AN EFFECTIVE INNOVATIVE TEAM

This article highlights issues related to the social and psychological foundations of the formation of a team capable of working effectively and responding to modern challenges of the market environment. It was determined that such bases are the individual motives of the members of the labor team, namely their personal beliefs regarding the expediency of performing professional tasks. It is established that they are formed at the early stages of the socialization of the individual under the influence of education, upbringing, norms of social morality and are corrected during his subsequent working life. It has been found that motives can be more stable than incentives, which can cause an undesirable final result of the enterprise's activity. With this in mind, the task of institutional management should be the creation of an effective motivational system aimed at strengthening the role of incentives in the structure of employee motivation for professional development, professional development, creativity, creativity and initiative. The article provides recommendations on directions for adjusting the national management system in order to create an effective innovative team. In particular, to improve the work of the team and the final efficiency of the enterprise, it is recommended to create an effective system of labor incentives through the introduction of elements of foreign management models. The proposed elements make it possible to create an effective model of personnel motivation management, as they are aimed at strengthening the personal motives of employees to protect their own professional interests and dignity, use the opportunity for self-development and self-realization, involvement in the process of enterprise management and decision-making, evaluation of one's own labor contribution and recognition of the obtained results, adjustment constructive business relations in the team. It was determined that these innovations should become the basis for further improvement of the motivation of employees in the domestic management system, since each branch and field of activity has its own characteristics, taking into account the possibility of their further adjustment.

Train one and get a crew: a multilevel evaluation of team-centric leadership training for airport security screening crew leaders

PurposeThis study aims to introduce a team-centric leadership training program tailored for leaders of critical action teams. It emphasizes the critical role of effective teamwork in high-stakes environments.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed a team-centric leadership training program for crew leaders of airport security teams. The training program comprised in-class teaching on the psychological foundations of teamwork and practical simulations. The training program’s effectiveness was assessed at the individual and team levels using Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model to obtain a complete evaluation of its effectiveness. First, a pre- and posttraining questionnaire recorded changes in self-efficacy, knowledge and skills about teamwork at the individual level from 62 leaders. Second, the authors assessed the transfer effects of the team-centric leadership training on self-reported team processes and team performance during a work shift of 37 crews.FindingsResults indicate an improvement in the application of teamwork skills but not in self-efficacy or knowledge among crew leaders who underwent the training. Additional analysis revealed that leaders with initially high self-efficacy in teamwork experienced a reduction posttraining, whereas those with initially low levels reported an increase. Teams led by trained leaders demonstrated a higher engagement in key team processes than those led by untrained leaders. No effect has been found on team performance.Originality/valueThis study offers a cost-effective alternative to conventional teamwork training methods, specifically designed for high-pressure security contexts. The authors advocate for the adoption of this training model by security professionals, aiming to elevate team processes and operational efficacy in critical action teams.

American Psychological Foundation research grants

American Psychological Foundation research grants

Psychological basis of emotional and moral development of the personality. Part 1. Research problem of emotional and moral development of personality

Introduction. The relevance of the research problem lies in the fact that in psychological science some theorists involved in the study of emotions believe that the states of emotional experience are unchanged. Since the principles of immutability and constancy of emotional experience are crucial for understanding consciousness, an important type of which in humans are emotions, since they influence their perceptual and cognitive processes and behavior.Purpose setting. There are unique classes of emotional phenomena, such as mood, feelings, which manifest themselves in the general background of events and persist after their completion. It is precisely such background experiences that are the basis of the emotional assessments studied in this work. Moral and aesthetic experiences associated with art, human cognition through art, ensure his development as a subject of moral relations to other people and to himself, contribute to changes in his moral experience and personal (including emotional) characteristics.Methodology and methods of the study was carried out on the basis of the study of philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical scientific and methodological literature, which made it possible to develop the concept of psychological foundations. Results. Our research is educational in the management of emotions and feelings. The dynamic development of the results of our study of the emotional states of a personality, its experiences according to the author’s methods in the form of keeping an emotional diary since 1997, contributing to the self-development of a personality as a component of personal maturity, is presented.Conclusion. The practical value of the research within the framework of general psychology lies not only in the fact that the main directions for optimizing the process of emotional and moral development of a personality are identified, recommendations are substantiated for improving the specialization of people working with children, improving their professional skills, but also in developing a program for the psychological study of emotional and moral personality development (EMPD), diagnostics of specific and nonspecific emotional phenomena, which ensures timely correction of the EMPD process. The data obtained can be taken into account in schools and universities in the process of forecasting the moral atmosphere among adolescents and students, as well as the moral atmosphere of society in general.

Parental Factors and Pupils’ School Readiness in Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State

This study investigated the influence of parental factors and pupils’ school readiness in Umuahia North Local Government Area. To achieve this purpose, three specific objectives and corresponding research questions were also raised to guide the study, three null hypotheses were postulated to guide the study and were tested at .05 level of significance. The descriptive survey research design was employed and used for this study. The population of the study was 4500 ECC II pupils with parents. Purposive and simple random sampling was used to select a sample size of 450 ECC II pupils with parents. Parental’ Factors Questionnaire (PFQ), for parents and Pupils’ School Readiness Rating Scale (PSRRS) for pupils were used as instruments for the study. The face and content validities of the instruments was determined by experts in Psychological Foundations of Education and Early Childhood Education. The Cronbach’s alpha statistical analysis was used to determine the reliability of instruments which yielded reliability indices of 0.73, 0.71 and 0.77 respectively. Mean analysis and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the null hypotheses. The study revealed that: there is a significant influence of parental styles, parental socio-economic status, and parental educational background on pupils’ school readiness in Umuahia North Local Government Area. Based on the findings of the study, the study recommended among others that parents should be encouraged to improve on their relationship with their children and choose the right parenting style that will help the children to behave positively in their readiness to adapt to school environment.

The SocialAI school: a framework leveraging developmental psychology toward artificial socio-cultural agents.

Developmental psychologists have long-established socio-cognitive abilities as fundamental to human intelligence and development. These abilities enable individuals to enter, learn from, and contribute to a surrounding culture. This drives the process of cumulative cultural evolution, which is responsible for humanity's most remarkable achievements. AI research on social interactive agents mostly concerns the emergence of culture in a multi-agent setting (often without a strong grounding in developmental psychology). We argue that AI research should be informed by psychology and study socio-cognitive abilities enabling to enter a culture as well. We draw inspiration from the work of Michael Tomasello and Jerome Bruner, who studied socio-cognitive development and emphasized the influence of a cultural environment on intelligence. We outline a broader set of concepts than those currently studied in AI to provide a foundation for research in artificial social intelligence. Those concepts include social cognition (joint attention, perspective taking), communication, social learning, formats, and scaffolding. To facilitate research in this domain, we present The SocialAI school-a tool that offers a customizable parameterized suite of procedurally generated environments. This tool simplifies experimentation with the introduced concepts. Additionally, these environments can be used both with multimodal RL agents, or with pure-text Large Language Models (LLMs) as interactive agents. Through a series of case studies, we demonstrate the versatility of the SocialAI school for studying both RL and LLM-based agents. Our motivation is to engage the AI community around social intelligence informed by developmental psychology, and to provide a user-friendly resource and tool for initial investigations in this direction. Refer to the project website for code and additional resources: https://sites.google.com/view/socialai-school.