Psychological Endurance Research Articles

How do personality characteristics of risky pregnant women affect their prenatal distress levels?

Purpose The prenatal distress level of the pregnant woman is influenced by many variables. Personality characteristics are one of the most important of these variables. Knowing personality characteristics of pregnant women contributes to the personalization of care. The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of personality characteristics of pregnant women at risk on the prenatal distress level. Design/methodology/approach A total of 438 women who were hospitalized based on a medical diagnosis associated with pregnancy were included in the study. The participants were administered the Personal Information Form, Cervantes Personality Scale and Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire. Data were evaluated using the SPSS 22.0 software program. Findings Of the pregnant women, 27.4 percent found their ability to cope with stress insufficient, and one-fifth of them found their social support insufficient. The pregnant women at risk with introverted, neurotic and inconsistent personality were found to have high levels of prenatal distress. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted on a group of Turkish pregnant women and cannot be generalized to other cultures. The data obtained from the research cannot be used to evaluate the psychological and physical disorders of the pregnant woman. Practical implications All health care professionals should evaluate women not only physically but also mentally and emotionally, beginning with the preconceptional period. They should determine the conditions that create distress and identify the personality characteristics that prevent from coping with stress. By using cognitive and behavioral techniques, pregnant women should be trained to gain skills on subjects such as risk perception and stress management, personality characteristics and coping, problem solving, psychological endurance and optimism. Caring initiatives should be personalized in line with personality characteristics of pregnant women. The care offered within this framework will contribute to the strengthening and development of the health of not only the women but also the family and society, and to the reduction of health care costs. Social implications Researchers have determined that pregnant women at risk with introverted, neurotic and inconsistent personality characteristics have higher distress levels. They have determined that these pregnant women find their ability to cope with stress more inadequate. It is vital to cope with stress during pregnancy due to its adverse effects on maternal/fetal/neonatal health. Originality/value The prenatal distress level of the pregnant woman is influenced by many demographic (age, marital status and socioeconomic level), social (marital dissatisfaction, and lack of social support), personal (self-esteem, neuroticism and negative life experiences) and pregnancy-related (experiencing risky pregnancy, and previous pregnancy experiences) variables. Personality characteristics are one of the most important of these variables. This research is original because there are limited number of studies examining the effect of personality characteristics on prenatal distress level in the literature. And knowing the relationship between personality characteristics and distress by health professionals enables individualization of care. The care offered within this framework will contribute to the strengthening and development of the health of not only the women, but also the family and society, and to the decrease of health care costs.

Protestant evangelical groups during the 1930-1940 repressions (The case of malyovanian sectarians from the Chornogorodka village in the Makarov district)

The article deals with the specific conditions of existence of protestant evangelical communities in Ukraine, showing the case of the repressions against the peasants who belonged to the Maliovanian sect. The materials of the case are used to explain the popularity of the Maliovanian sect among the peasants in Ukraine, as well as to find out the biographical and ideological reasons that led the accused people to the belonging to this sect. Some attention is given to the ideological conflict between communist mentality and the «protestant ethics» of M. Weber in the case of economically effective protestant communities. Although the protestant communities did exist in Ukraine, they were not so numerous as orthodoxy, catholic believers or Judaic communities, that is why this confession is not often mentioned in the investigation documents of the repressed persons. Because of this, it would be quite reasonable to research the Ukrainian protestant communities within the limits of the totalitarian regime in more details, in particular, their connections with the peasantry. The case № 63413 concerning a group of peasants was opened by on January 18, within the frame of an «anti-kulak operation», but it contains elements of religious persecutions. The persons involved were the dwellers of Chornogorodka village, Kyiv Region, Byshiv (now Makarov) district; and belonged to a sect of Malyovany adepts, or the «Malyovanians», which was a branch of the so-called Stunden-baptism, one of the lesser religious movements of Ukrainians. All of them were join the collective farm and then left it, working for themselves as artisans they managed to reach considerable level of wealth. Members of Malyovanian sect were pacifists, so the three accused persons, being psychologically troubled by their hard war experience, refused to enter military serviced in 1941. This was the cause of their arrest. During the investigation new motives of accusation were added to the refusal of military service, such as «participation in a counter-revolutionary anti-Soviet organization of the Malyovany adept», «agitation against collective farming»; «subversive activities». Combining purely historical point of view with scientific research data in the fields of religion and culture, as well as with psychological and philosophical considerations one can explain the joining to the Malyovanians as the effort of finding the purport of life and the inner freedom in the conditions of extreme outward pressure and lack of social freedom. We can also underline that the psychological endurance of the accused persons during interrogations was based on their deep devotion to their faith. The addition of new, formerly unknown, names to the list of the victims of the Soviet totalitarian system of the years 1930-1940 is also an important contribution to historical research.

Діагностування розвиненості психофізичної витривалості офіцерів військового управління на етапі оперативно-тактичної підготовки

Діагностування розвиненості психофізичної витривалості офіцерів військового управління на етапі оперативно-тактичної підготовки

Üniversiteli Sporcuların Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışma üniversitede eğitim öğrenim gören sporcu öğrencilerin ele alınan bazı değişkenlere göre psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinin nasıl şekillendiğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesinde 220 öğrenci üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında kişisel bilgi formu ve Yetişkinler için Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği’nin kısa formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grubunun cinsiyet değişkenine göre psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinde erkekler lehine fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yaş değişkenine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda; psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinin cinsiyete göre farklılık gösterdiği ve erkeklerin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Yaş değişkeninin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeyini belirlemede etkili olduğu ve 18-21 yaş grubundakilerin aldığı puan ortalamalarının daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca gelir durumu yüksek olan öğrencilerin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinin de yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.

Prevalence and Psychological Effects of Hateful Speech in Online College Communities.

Hateful speech bears negative repercussions and is particularly damaging in college communities. The efforts to regulate hateful speech on college campuses pose vexing socio-political problems, and the interventions to mitigate the effects require evaluating the pervasiveness of the phenomenon on campuses as well the impacts on students' psychological state. Given the growing use of social media among college students, we target the above issues by studying the online aspect of hateful speech in a dataset of 6 million Reddit comments shared in 174 college communities. To quantify the prevelence of hateful speech in an online college community, we devise College Hate Index (CHX). Next, we examine its distribution across the categories of hateful speech, behavior, class, disability, ethnicity, gender, physical appearance, race, religion, and sexual orientation. We then employ a causal-inference framework to study the psychological effects of hateful speech, particularly in the form of individuals' online stress expression. Finally, we characterize their psychological endurance to hateful speech by analyzing their language- their discriminatory keyword use, and their personality traits. We find that hateful speech is prevalent in college subreddits, and 25% of them show greater hateful speech than non-college subreddits. We also find that the exposure to hate leads to greater stress expression. However, everybody exposed is not equally affected; some show lower psychological endurance than others. Low endurance individuals are more vulnerable to emotional outbursts, and are more neurotic than those with higher endurance. Our work bears implications for policy-making and intervention efforts to tackle the damaging effects of online hateful speech in colleges. From technological perspective, our work caters to mental health support provisions on college campuses, and to moderation efforts in online college communities. In addition, given the charged aspect of speech dilemma, we highlight the ethical implications of our work. Our work lays the foundation for studying the psychological impacts of hateful speech in online communities in general, and situated communities in particular (the ones that have both an offline and an online analog).

PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE OFFICERS OF MISSILE AND ARTILLERY ARMAMENT

The article is dedicated to the relevant problem of developing professional competence of future officers of missile and artillery armament. Methods of research used: theoretical − study and analysis of literature on the improvement of the process of military-professional training of officers for the Armed Forces of Ukraine and on the general scientific principles of vocational education; the synthesis of specific principles that determine the formation of professional competence of future officers of missile artillery armaments.In particular, we analyzed the principles of organization of the educational process in military institutions of higher education, among which a special role for military professional training of future officers of missile and artillery armament is played by the following principles: systems principle, integrative principle, inter-subject and interdisciplinary integrity, on the base of which the fundamental ideas of developing professional competence of future officers of missile and artillery armament are determined. The main theoretical regulations, that allow to develop professional competence of future officers of missile and artillery armament, are identified as specific principles: interaction with other types of training in military institutions of higher education, developing psychological readiness to carry out professional missions, completeness of military professional training. The principle of interaction with other types of training of future officers of missile and artillery armament includes the fundamentals and concepts of other types of training in MIHE. In addition, it provides for developing cadets’ readiness to increase the effectiveness of defeating the enemy by means of missile forces and artillery in operations of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The principle of developing psychological readiness of graduate cadets to carry out professional missions in view of the nature of operations and their support under different conditions is aimed at creating organizational and pedagogical conditions for studying; developing endurance to the stress when conducting difficult combat missions and combat support missions involving certain risk and requiring psychological aspiration; purposeful systematic analysis of cadets’ activities and control of their knowledge and skills obtained, as well as the activities of the scientific and pedagogical staff on ensuring the integrity of education, development, and psychological training, etc. The principle of completeness of military professional training of future officers of missile and artillery armament includes at each level of studying in MIHE obtaining knowledge, skills necessary for their professional work, developing their abilities. This principle is aimed at using the armament and military vehicles on the battlefield, tactical training, high psychological endurance.

AKT1, PRDM4, and BAX arethe natural markers of psychological endurance threshold.

IntroductionAbnormal behavior can cause harm or loss to oneself, the family, and society and may be related to psychological endurance levels. With early identification and early intervention, the occurrence of harm can be prevented and the loss can be reduced. Now there is no clear definition of psychological endurance levels and no accurate measurement tools yet.MethodsThis study first proposes the concept of psychological endurance threshold (PET) and defines that as: “the psychological state threshold of human objective physiological characteristics and outbreaks of abnormal behavior led by subjective cognitive level difference”. The study hypothesizes that human behavior is related to it, and constructs multiple measurement method tools to measure it.ResultsHere we show PET exists objectively and can be measured exactly by methods such as psychological endurance threshold measurement table, experience evaluation, dopamine level detection, and genetic testing. In particular, PET is determined by AKT1, PRDM4, and BAX which are the natural markers of PET.ConclusionsThe significance of this study is to discover people with abnormal expression of AKT1, PRDM4, and BAX who have lower PET and tend to commit abnormal behavior more easily. Understanding PET will enable people to make self‐adjustment or to intervene by professionals as soon as possible and in a timely manner in the face of various negative stimuli in work and life, especially for people with lower PET, people should intervene as early as possible to reduce the harm to the individual, family and society.

Psychological Endurance, Anxiety, and Coping Style among Journalists Engaged in Emergency Events: Evidence from China

During reports of emergency events, journalists experience psychological crisis and negative emotions aroused by the events. The psychological endurance of journalists, which is induced by high risks of the career, has attracted widespread attention. Emotional state and coping style are important factors that influence the psychological endurance of individuals. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of psychological endurance with anxiety and coping style among journalists engaged in emergency events. A total of 296 journalists in Hubei Province of China who participated in reports on emergency events from August to December 2017 were selected. Journalists were assessed using the Psychological Endurance Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire. The total score of the psychological endurance of journalists engaged in emergency events is slightly lower than that of the Chinese norm. Score of anxiety of highly educated journalists is significantly higher than that of lowly educated journalists. Psychological endurance of journalists is negatively correlated with negative coping style and anxiety, but it is positively correlated with positive coping style. Positive coping style of journalists engaged in emergency events partially mediates the effects of psychological endurance on anxiety. Among journalists engaged in emergency events, the highly educated group presents obvious anxiety and negative coping style. Psychological endurance indirectly affects through positive coping style and directly affects anxiety of journalists.

The impact of ethical leadership on service innovation behavior

PurposeEthical leadership is at the forefront of what matters in today’s business life and current issues, with a view to making strong moral decisions through bilateral communication. Service innovation behavior is important in terms of individual and institutional actions in the process of producing and implementing new ideas. Investigating the mediating role of psychological capital which consists of self-efficacy, optimism, hope and psychological endurance dimensions, between ethical leadership and service innovation behavior, is a matter to be investigated. This study aims to assess the impact of ethical leadership on service innovation behavior by means of a comprehensive literature review. In this framework, psychological capital forms the scope of researching the mediating role.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted with 376 blue-collar workers randomly selected from 140 company which were selected from 1,294 joint stock companies among 76,882 companies operating in the province of Adana in Turkey and registered in the Adana Chamber of Commerce, by applying a questionnaire of 40 items.FindingsAs a result of the factor analysis, 6 items which could not provide reliability were extracted from the scale and the remaining 34 items were distributed in three factors and the validity of the construct validity was measured by the convergence and divergence methods. Construct reliability (CR) values were found to be statistically significant (SRMR: 0.50, RMSEA = 0.058, IFI: 0.955, CFI = 0.97, GFI = 0.96, AGFI = 0.86, TLI = 0.97,χ2/s.d. = 2.264) when it was above 0.7, and the structural equation model determined that the research data and the initially determined model are compatible. Ethical leadership has a significant effect on psychological capital (ß= 0.224,p< 0.001), ethical leadership has a significant effect on innovation (ß= 0.113,p< 0.001), psychological capital was found to have a significant influence on service innovation (ß= 0.965,p< 0.001), and ethical leadership was mediated by psychological capital on service innovation behavior (SIE = 0.235).Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed to assess conducting research in enterprises with different cultural characteristics. This paper provides the effectiveness of ethical leadership and psychological capital factors, which are effective in improving employee service innovation behavior and enabling managers to develop human resources strategies in this respect.Practical implicationsThe results provide the impact of ethical leadership on the productivity of employees in the workplace and provide practical benefits in terms of developing innovation-oriented service development behaviors.Social implicationsThe innovative behaviors of the employees enable the development of innovative ideas in social life by contributing to consumer satisfaction and economy. Ethical leadership ensures positive behaviors in the society by ensuring that employees in the workplace develop justice sentiments.Originality/valueThe mediating role of psychological capital between ethical leadership and service innovation behavior has not been investigated before. In this study, the effects of self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience factors were investigated in providing ethical leaders and employees, creating value in the enterprise, and in providing innovation-focused services for employees.

The Study of Psychological Endurance of the Elite Athletes in Turkey Depending on Their Ages and the League Playing in

The Study of Psychological Endurance of the Elite Athletes in Turkey Depending on Their Ages and the League Playing in

Compassion Fatigue, Professional Quality of Life, and Psychological Endurance Among Organ Transplant Coordinators

PurposeOrgan transplant coordinators are affected by the experienced traumas of patients and relatives, which increases their risk of compassion fatigue. This study was conducted to determine the effect of compassion fatigue on organ transplant coordinators and to reveal its relationship with professional quality of life and endurance. Materials and MethodsThis descriptive study was carried out between November 2017 and March 2018 among organ transplant coordinators working in Turkey. Out of the total 187 coordinators, 91 (48.6%) agreed to participate. Data collection was performed via a demographic information questionnaire, the 24-item Compassion Scale developed by Pommier, the 30-item Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) Scale developed by Stamm, and the 33-item Psychological Endurance Scale developed by Friborg et al. FindingsAmong the compassion subscales, the highest mean scores were in the kindness subscale, while the lowest mean scores were received from the indifference subscale. In the ProQOL, the compassion satisfaction subscale received the highest scores. The scores of the Psychological Endurance Scale were also high. There were statistically significant, weak to moderate correlations between all compassion subdimensions with absolute values of correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.260 to 0.690 (P < .05). There was a significant positive correlation between the burnout and compassion fatigue/traumatic stress subscales of the ProQOL (r = 0.660; P < .001). ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that ProQOL and psychological endurance are essential determinants of compassion fatigue among organ transplant coordinators. We suggest that correcting the working quality of organ transplant coordinators will reduce compassion fatigue and increase their psychological stability.

Gender-disease interaction on brain cerebral metabolism in cancer patients with depressive symptoms

BackgroundCancer patients are accompanied with high morbidity of depression, and gender effects are known to inhabit in the depressive episodes. This study aimed to explore the gender effects in cancer patients, and the relationship between gender-cancer factors and the depression symptoms.MethodsThe 18F-FDG PET scans of 49 cancer patients and 48 normal controls were included. We used voxel-wise analysis to explore the effects of cancer factor and gender factor in cerebral glucose metabolism. Beck Depression Inventory was utilized to quantify the depression symptoms in cancer patients.ResultsOur results showed significant cancer main effects primarily in superior frontal gyrus and parietal gyrus; and significant gender main effects primarily in cerebellum posterior lobe, inferior temporal gyrus. Significant gender-by-cancer interaction effects were also observed, which primarily located in superior frontal gyrus. We showed the metabolic intensities of the 5 aforementioned clusters were related to the mental stress of depressive emotion.ConclusionsOur results suggested that males and females have different psychological endurance when facing cancer diagnosis or preventing depression. Furthermore, the cerebral abnormal metabolism might serve as a depressive indicator for cancer patients. The present findings provided supporting evidence for abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism affected by gender factor in cancer patients with mental stress of depressive emotion, and these brain regions should be concerned in clinic.

The factors affecting the resilience levels of the nurses working in a public hospital

This study was conducted as a descriptive study to determine the factors affecting the psychological endurance levels of the nurses. A questionnaire consisting of 21 questions and the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) were used for data collection in this study. It is a five-point Likert scale, consisting of 33 items. Percentage calculation, Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for the assessment of the data. The average score of the nurses in the RSA was determined to be 123.3 ± 21.3. A statistically significant relationship has been found between some of the sociodemographic characteristics of the nurses and their score in the RSA (p &lt; 0.05). As per the results, it has been determined that the nurses who are married, have kids, have bachelor’s degree or higher, love their jobs, satisfied with the department they work at and chose their departments of their own volition, have high levels of resilience.Keywords: Endurance, nurse, resilience

Correlation between parental rearing patterns and self-consciousness of adolescents with cleft lip and palate

This study aimed to investigate the current situation of parental rearing patterns and self-consciousness of adolescents with cleft lip and palate. The relationship between parental rearing patterns and self-consciousness of adolescents was also analyzed to provide evidence for psychological intervention. The study was carried out on 400 adolescents (11-25 years old) with cleft lip and palate. The subjects were assessed with self-consciousness scale for patients with cleft lip and palate and Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppforstran family rearing questionnaires to evaluate the current status of self-consciousness and parental rearing patterns in adolescents with cleft lip and palate and the relevance of the two factors. A total of 380 valid questionnaires were obtained. A significant relationship was found between parental rearing patterns and self-consciousness in adolescents with cleft lip and palate. A positive correlation was also observed between the scores of self-evaluation, self-confidence, others' evaluation and psychological endurance, interpersonal relationship, and parent-child relationship of adolescents with cleft lip and palate and the scores of their parents' emotional care. Confidence was negatively correlated with the scores of parents' refusal to deny, punishment, and severity. Good parental rearing patterns play a critical role in establishing self-confidence, improving social adaptability, and maintaining interpersonal and parent-child relationship. Parents should give much care while avoiding refusal, denial, and punishment.

An Investigation into Senior High School Students’ Psychological Quality and Its Relationship with Their English Performance

The psychological quality is a stable, basic and derivative psychological character, and is a dynamic organization composed of four subs - systems of cognition, personality psychology, mental health and social adaptation. Foreign and domestic scholars have done plenty of researches on the relationship between the academic performance and several main sub-dimensions of psychological quality such as responsibility, methods, initiative and confidence. Based on the previous studies, the study aims to investigate the general situation of senior high school students’ psychological quality; How does English performance correlate with psychological quality and its eleven dimensions; What is the difference between high-proficient English learners and the low-proficient English learners in terms of the psychological quality and its eleven dimensions? The results show that the middle high school students have a relatively positive psychological quality; there is a positive and strong correlation between psychological quality and English performance. As for its eleven dimensions, the results show that there is a positively and strongly correlation between English performance and initiative, self-confidence, responsibility, self-control, methods, independence and persistence. There is a correlation between English performance and monitoring, frustration endurance and independence, which is not as strong as the above dimensions. And there is no correlation between English performance and thinking ability and innovation; there exist significantly difference between high-proficient and low-proficient English students in psychological quality, initiative, self-confidence, responsibility, self-control, methods, persistence, monitoring and frustration endurance. However，no difference has been found between high-proficient and low-proficient English students in independence, thinking ability and innovation.

An analysis of psychological endurance and personality traits of individuals doing sports and not doing sports by various variables

Purpose : The aim was to examine the psychological endurance and personality levels of the students studying at Faculty of Education and students studying at Faculty of Sports Sciences. Material and Method: Target population of the study was composed of students studying at Sakarya University in the academic year 2015-2016. The sample of the research consisted of a total of 365 (n = 197 males, n = 168 females) participants. They were educated at Faculty of Education (n=166) and Faculty of Sports Sciences (n=199) at Sakarya University. *Personal Information Form* by the researcher, Turkish adapted version of *Personality Inventory* were implemented. Also, Turkish adapted version of *Psychological Endurance Scale for Adults* were implemented. T-test was used for paired comparisons. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (r) Coefficient was employed to determine the relationship between psychological endurance and five factor personality traits of the participants. Result : There was a significant difference between sporting situations, sporting year, sports branches of students in terms of total scores of psychological endurances. There was also a significant difference between gender, sporting situation, sporting year and socio-economic situations in terms of the personality traits of the students. Conclusion : The results show that the psychological endurance levels of those who do not play sports are lower than those who do any of the individual sport branches or team sports. In short, it can be said that doing sports affects psychological endurance positively.

Review of the major work and challenge of emergency medical rescue from gas explosion accident in Hangzhou

In order to ameliorate the prognosis of patients in burn disaster, national emergency medical rescue expert teams are usually dispatched to incident areas. This article discusses the major work and challenges of the medical rescue expert teams using example of rescuing gas explosion accident in Hangzhou in last few days and author's personal experience of previous mission. The foremost mission of medical rescue expert teams is to provide feasible strategic advice for burn disaster rescue and pivotal critical care support. The medical rescue expert teams always begin their work in hospitals lack of experience in disaster rescue. According to the characteristics of"7·21"Hangzhou gas explosion accident, the medical rescue expert teams focus on reassessment of the severity and hidden injuries of all patients, referral of patients according to the homeostasis status in patients with different severity, developing medical safety strategies, medical-related public safety strategies, and nosocomial infection control measure for rescue work. Furthermore, the medical rescue expert teams join the treatment for some critically ill patients and sudden emergency cases. The main challenges of medical rescue experts faced are accumulation and improvement of personal medical skill and powerful psychological endurance. Psychological counseling can play beneficial role in rescue group. In addition, establishing coordinated relationship among national emergency medical rescue expert teams, local administration, and local medical group shall be beneficial to disaster rescue.

Reliability and validity analysis applied to psychological endurance capability scale on clinical nursing staff

Objective To examine the reliability and validity applied to psychological endurance capability on clinical nursing staff, so as to provide scientific testing and evaluation tool for the assessment of the psychological capability of clinical nursing staff. Methods Normal data questionnaire and psychological endurance capability scale were used to have questionnaire survey on 485 nurses.In addition, split-half reliability, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were applied to have validity tests for reliability test, content validity and structure validity. Results The reliability coefficient of total score of psychological endurance capability scale was 0.859, Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.939 and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.797. The correlation coefficient r of scale entries with subordinate dimension was over 0.6. Except the cover factors, the correlation coefficient of the dimensional scores of scale and the total score of dimension was over 0.75.The analysis result of exploratory factor was basically consistent with questionnaire structure.The goodness of fit of the final model of confirmatory factor was favorable. Conclusion After confirmation, psychological endurance capability scale has preferable reliability and validity.The structure is reasonable, which can be used as testing and evaluation tool for the psychological endurance capability of clinical nursing staff. Key words: Psychological endurance capability; Nursing staff; Reliability and validity

Psychological Endurance Hypothesis for Uncertain Decision and Its Application in Supply Chain Information Sharing

This paper aims to present a new hypothesis to understand better decisions with uncertainties, and to explore as well its application in improving supply chain information sharing. From the observation that real investment decision behaviors generally imply that investors’ mental states tend to experience subtle changes with increasing the amount of investments, the psychological endurance hypothesis and the corresponding utility function are constructed. The hypothesis embraces the income-cost ratio into the set of constraints of the value of an investment, which emphasizes the decisive role of investment return rate or profit rate, and then innovatively introduces the concept of critical point of psychological endurance from which it is found that the investment behaviors demonstrate completely different characteristics on the left and right side of this critical point, and that investors’ investing willingness could be raised through exercising their psychological endurance to move outward the locations of their critical points of psychological endurance. Making further use of the hypothesis produces the shorter-board optimization model of supply chain information sharing with decision variable of the value index of information sharing. This model reveals that enterprise’s value index of information sharing has a positive relationship with the success rate of information sharing, but a negative one with the information-sharing cost elasticity of psychological vulnerability, the social risk level, and the cost of information sharing. And the model also suggests that the overall information sharing of a supply chain could be eventually achieved by ever increasing the shorter-board enterprise’s value index of information-sharing.

The process of losing – investigating the psychophysiological determinants of pacing and performance during head-to-head competition

Introduction It is widely accepted that psychological factors can greatly influence human endurance and strength performance. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underpin facilitative and even more so debilitative cause-effect relationships between psychological factors and endurance performance during competition.[1] We recently developed a three-dimensional framework of centrally-regulated and goal-directed exercise behaviour emphasizing the important role of sensory-discriminatory, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative processes underpinning observed pacing behaviour and performance.[2] The proposed framework offers a more sophisticated alternative to the traditional gestalt concept of perceived exertion in the investigation of the psychophysiological determinants of pacing and performance during prolonged endurance exercise. One aim of this experimental study was to examine the delineated contributions of the perceptual sensory, affective, and cognitive processes and their dynamic responses to respectively pulling ahead or falling behind a performance matched opponent.[3]  Methods Fourteen maximal head-to-head competition time trials between well-trained performance matched cyclists (average time difference in individual time trial performance: 0.92%) over a 70 km virtual profiled course were conducted. The sensory, affective, and cognitive processes were approximated by means of scales: perceived physical (p-RPE) and mental strain (TEA), affective valence (FS) and felt arousal (FAS), and perceived action crisis (ACRISS), respectively. The dynamic changes in these constructs and their interrelationships with pacing behaviour, performance, and markers of metabolic and endocrinological distress were investigated. A five-step structural equation modelling procedure was applied to test the extent to which the observed data fit the hypothesized temporally linked cause-effect relationships unfolding in response to falling-behind a performance matched opponent. [4] Results Meaningful performance improvements of 2.24% (99.7% most likely substantially positive) and decrements 1.69% (82.4% likely substantially negative) were found in winners and losers, respectively. Perceived physical and mental strain scaled with time and according to course profile in winners and loser alike. The following significant interaction effects were found: losers showed deterioration in valence (p=0.004), experienced the development of an action crisis (p<0.001), showed increased blood cortisol concentrations (p=0.001), and performance decrement relative to individual’s performance capabilities (p=0.001) (see figure 1). The dynamic change in valence was a significant mediator (p=0.011) in performance regulation as it explained 35% of the relationship between falling behind and action crisis. The shift from an implemental to a deliberative mindset associated with an action crisis was a significant predictor of exacerbated psycho-neuro-endocrinological distress response (p=0.024) and non-adaptive endocrinological distress response subsequently predicted relative performance decrement (p=0.023). The observed data fitted the hypothesized model well with excellent model fit indices throughout.  Conclusions We applied, tested, and confirmed the hypothesized debilitative psychophysiological processes that unfold in response to falling behind a performance matched opponent. The main findings were: a) perceived physical and mental strain play primary roles in the teleoanticipatory pacing algorithm necessary to align planned behaviour with current physiological state; but both can be distorted by centrally-acting affective and cognitive modifiers, b) deterioration in non-reflective valence mediated the relationship between falling behind and reflective action crisis, c) the mindset-shift associated with an action crisis predicted exacerbated blood cortisol concentrations, and d) non-adaptive blood cortisol concentrations predicted performance decrement. The findings point towards the primary and mediatory roles of core affect and mindset in perceived fatigability and the psychophysiological determinants of pacing and performance. The proposed three-dimensional framework has the potential to markedly improve our ability to explain something as complex and multi-faceted as centrally-regulated and goal-directed exercise behaviour.  Â