Psychological Distress In Individuals Research Articles

Quality of Life and Psychological Distress in Portuguese Older Individuals with Tinnitus.

Tinnitus is the perception of a sound without an external source, often associated with adverse psychological and emotional effects leading to impaired quality of life (QoL). The present study investigated QoL and psychological distress in tinnitus patients and analysed the effects of associated comorbidities. Tonal and speech audiometry, tinnitus assessment, and clinical interviews were obtained from 122 Portuguese individuals (aged from 55 to 75). Portuguese versions of the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (MOS SF-36) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) were used to evaluate psychological distress, health-related QoL, social difficulties and tinnitus severity. The presence of tinnitus was significantly associated with hearing loss. The increases in tinnitus severity were associated with decreases in QoL, particularly regarding MOS SF-36 subscales “perception of health”, “social functioning”, and “mental health”. Regarding BSI, patients with greater tinnitus severity had more severe psychopathology symptoms, measured with scales “Obsessive–compulsive”, “Depression”, “Anxiety”, “Hostility” and “Phobic Anxiety”. Our study supports the notion of the negative impact of increased tinnitus severity on QoL and psychological distress in older adults. Presented data strengthen the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to tinnitus assessment and treatment.

Delineating sociodemographic, medical and quality of life factors associated with psychological distress in individuals with endometriosis.

What is the relationship between specific quality of life domains and depression, anxiety and stress in the endometriosis population? Psychosocial domains of quality of life, such as a perception of social support and self-image, are more strongly associated with depression, anxiety and stress than pain and medical factors. Prior research indicates a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in individuals with endometriosis. Pain is thought to be critical in the development of psychological distress, however prior research has investigated this association without consideration of psychosocial quality of life domains such as social functioning, perceived social support and self-image. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected in a longitudinal study exploring psychological distress in endometriosis (n = 584). Individuals living with endometriosis participated in this study and were recruited via online platforms of community organizations and support groups. Demographic and medical information concerning endometriosis treatment and diagnosis was self-reported. Psychological distress and quality of life was measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (EHP-30) and the Short Form Survey (SF-36v2). A series of linear regression analyses explored the relationship between specific quality of life domains and the primary outcomes of depression, anxiety and stress. Approximately half of the participants in this sample reported moderate to severe anxiety, depression and stress. Quality of life domains, particularly perceived social support, social functioning and self-image, were more strongly associated with psychological distress than medical or demographic factors. Pain was associated with anxiety, but not depression or stress. A greater number of endometriosis symptoms was only associated with depression. These data are cross-sectional and, therefore, causality cannot be inferred from this analysis. Information about endometriosis diagnosis and treatment was self-reported, and not verified against medical records. This study indicates that psychosocial factors may be more salient factors underlying depression, anxiety and stress in the endometriosis population than pain and medical factors. There is a need for interventions that target psychological distress in this population with a focus on the broader impact of endometriosis beyond pain and physical symptomatology. This research was supported by the Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship awarded to C.S.M. by Macquarie University. The remaining authors have nothing to declare. ACTRN12619001508167.

Suicidal Ideation and Predictors of Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eswatini: A Population-Based Household Telephone Survey.

The unpredictability of the COVID-19 pandemic can induce psychological distress in individuals. We investigated perceived stressors, prevalence of psychological distress and suicidal ideation, and predictors of psychological distress among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini. This study was a cross-sectional, population-based household telephone survey of 993 conveniently sampled adults (18+ years) from all the four administrative regions of Eswatini. Data were collected between 9 June and 18 July 2020 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the country was under a partial lockdown. COVID-19-related psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We performed weighted modified Poisson regression analyses to identify significant predictors of moderate/severe psychological distress (K6 scores: ≥5). The weighted prevalences of moderate (K6 scores: 5–12) and severe psychological distress (K6 scores: ≥13) were 41.7% and 5.4%, respectively. Participants reported several perceived COVID-19-related stressors, including worries and fears of the contagion-specific death, serious need for food and money, and concerns about loss of income or business. The weighted prevalence of suicidal ideation was 1.5%. Statistically significant predictors of increased risk for moderate/severe psychological distress included living in the Hhohho and Manzini regions; feeling not well informed about COVID-19; feeling lonely; having received COVID-19 food or financial relief from the government; feeling burdened by the lockdown; being married; and being youth (18–24 years). The results call for the government to urgently augment the provision of mental health services during the pandemic. Mental health practitioners and programs may use several stressors and risk factors identified in this study to inform interventions and government policies aimed at reducing psychological distress induced by the pandemic.

227 Poor sleep as a predictor of COVID-19 related stress, fear and sadness in young adolescents: a longitudinal study

IntroductionAdolescence is a transitional life-stage accompanied by large biopsychosocial changes and greater psychophysiological vulnerability. Global events like the COVID-19 pandemic may increase vulnerability to depression and anxiety in this population. Poor sleep is often associated with depression, and both sleep and mood have been shown to be strongly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with most studies focusing on adults. The current study investigates psychological distress in young adolescents during the pandemic, and specifically, whether poor sleep before the pandemic predicts psychological distress.MethodsSelf-report data were analyzed from 3099 adolescents (9-10 years at baseline) in the population-based, demographically diverse, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study across three pre-pandemic annual visits and 3 monthly time points during the COVID-19 pandemic (ages 11-13 years). At each assessment, children and their guardians completed questionnaires including those about sleep, environment, and psychological wellbeing. Gradient Boosted Tree machine learning algorithms were used to identify the strongest predictors of pandemic-related psychological distress in individuals. We trained models using pre-pandemic sleep measures along with demographics, economic, and social measures during the pandemic. We evaluated the performance of the models using area under curve (AUC) metrics and interpreted the models by using the recently proposed SHapley Additive exPlanations methodology.ResultsPandemic-related perceived stress, fear and sadness were accurately detected with our classifiers (AUC = 0.83 for perceived stress, AUC = 0.73 for fear, AUC = 0.79 for sadness). Across all models, shorter sleep duration, prolonged sleep onset latency, and longer time between waking and getting out of bed predicted greater distress. Moreover, female sex, and pandemic-related factors, including greater family conflict, fewer economic resources, and more screen time contributed to prediction performance in all three models.ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of addressing sleep problems and ensuring sufficient sleep duration in children to protect against the psychological impact of major life events, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the long-lasting effects of sleep, it would be crucial to improve sleep health by targeted prevention, intervention and increased awareness among adolescents.Support (if any)NIH U01DA041022

Examining the potential applicability of the minority stress model for explaining suicidality in individuals with disabilities.

The purpose of this conceptual article is to discuss the minority stress model and its potential applicability as a model for examining the higher rates of suicidality in people with disabilities. This conceptual article is based in the empirical literature on the minority stress model and the literature exploring the experiences of both proximal (e.g., internalized stigma, self-concealment) and distal (e.g., harassment, violence, and discrimination) minority stress among people with disabilities. It also draws from the literature on suicidality and disability. After establishing the higher rates of suicidality among people with disabilities as evidenced in the existing literature and discussing our gaps in the knowledge about the factors that drive this phenomenon, I discuss the minority stress model, which posits that elevated rates of suicidality among individuals with disabilities can be explained by a combination of proximal and distal stressors related to one's marginalized status. I then discuss the ways in which this model could be applied to suicidality and psychological distress in individuals with disabilities, drawing on research that establishes that they experience these proximal and distal stressors at high rates. The minority stress model is potentially useful for conceptualizing the higher rates of suicidality among people with disabilities, both alone and in conjunction with other models of suicide, in a manner that addresses disability justice and the experiences and effects of chronic, pervasive marginalization. Recommendations for research, and policy, including strategies for addressing both internalized ableism and disability-related discrimination and harassment, are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Family resilience is a protective buffer in the relationship between infertility-related stress and psychological distress among females preparing for their first in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate psychological distress and scrutinized whether family resilience plays a moderating role in the association between infertility-related stress and psychological distress among infertile females preparing for their first IVF-ET. A total of 492 infertile females completed self-reported measures including the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the fertility problem inventory (FPI), and the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS). The results showed 21 (65.2%) participants reported moderate or higher levels of psychological distress. While controlling for economic status, we found psychological distress to be positively linked to infertility-related stress (β=0.483, P<0.001), and negatively related to family resilience (β=-0.145, P=0.001). The simple slopes analysis showed that infertility-related stress had a weaker positive association with psychological distress for individuals at 1 SD (β = 0.443, P < 0.001) above the mean on family resilience compared to those at 1 SD (β = 0.537, P < 0.001) below the mean. Thus, it suggests that clinical practice should conduct family resilience–oriented interventions to facilitate family resilience among infertile females preparing for their first IVF-ET, with the goal to reduce psychological distress.

Psychological Distress during the Corona Shutdown: Associations between Behavioral Adaption and Psychological Distress in Individuals with Preexisting Psychiatric Conditions and Healthy Controls

Current research suggests that individuals with preexisting psychiatric conditions experienced particularly high levels of psychological distress during the various 'shutdown' measures to contain Covid-19. In order to gain a better insight into the demands for psychiatric care in times of crisis, this study compared levels of psychological distress in individuals with preexisting psychiatric conditions with healthy controls and further examined associations of daily routines with psychological distress. Out of 99 participants of an online survey, 44 individuals reported prior mental health-related inpatient treatment. Patients were asked about their levels of psychological distress and adaptation of lifestyle and activities of daily living. Individuals with a psychiatric history were significantly more psychologically distressed (p < 0.001; d = 1.68) and displayed significantly less behavioral adaptation than healthy controls (p = 0.012; d = -0.52) in response to the changed circumstances. The difference in behavioral adaptation accounted for 21 % of the difference in psychological distress. In times of crisis, individuals with a psychiatric history require ongoing support from mental health services, in particular those supporting every-day lifestyle in order to better cope with the consequences of a drastically changed environment.

COVID-19 Infection Risk and Depressive Symptoms Among Young Adults During Quarantine: The Moderating Role of Grit and Social Support.

Prior research has demonstrated that the adverse consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may go beyond its economic hardships and physical health concerns, having a significant influence on psychological distress for individuals under quarantine. Nevertheless, relatively little attention has been paid to exploring the risk and protective factors in the link between COVID-19 infection risk and psychological distress among young adults. Following a socioecological framework, the current study examines the moderating role of grit (perseverance and consistency) and social support in the association between COVID-19 infection risk and depressive symptoms. A sample of 1,251 young adults under home quarantine (62.6% female; M age = 20.92 years, SD = 1.47; age ranged from 18 to 25 years) was involved in this study, and they were asked to complete a set of self-reported questionnaires online. Results of a linear regression analysis exhibited that COVID-19 infection risk was positively associated with depressive symptoms in young adults in quarantine. Moreover, moderation analyses showed that this association was moderated by perseverance and social support. To be specific, for those reporting higher levels of social support, this linkage was not significantly positive; in contrast, for those reporting lower levels of social support, perseverance was a significant protective factor for depressive symptoms when young adults were exposed to a high infection risk of COVID-19. The current study suggests that greater social support is essential to helping young adults deal with possible negative emotions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, university-based counseling services should pay specific attention to those young adults with relatively insufficient social support resources and low levels of perseverance.

Dimensional latent factor structure of psychopathology in adults with chronic illness.

The goal of the present study was to determine if the internalizing and externalizing model of psychopathology is applicable in a sample of adults with chronic illness. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the factor structure of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a sample of adults (N = 172) with a unique chronic physical health condition (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; POTS) and in a sample of adults without any chronic illness diagnoses (N = 199). Measurement invariance was used to compare levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms across samples. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that psychological distress in individuals with chronic illness can be effectively characterized by an internalizing dimension composed of distress and fear subcomponents as well as an externalizing dimension. Measurement invariance testing reached adequate levels of fit, allowing for examination of latent means; individuals with chronic illness had higher scores on the internalizing dimension and lower scores on the externalizing dimension than healthy controls. Regression analyses suggested that among those with a chronic illness, internalizing symptoms were significantly, negatively related to acceptance of illness and higher health-related quality of life. Findings suggest that assessing internalizing symptoms broadly may allow for better identification of chronically ill individuals experiencing psychological distress than a focus on categorical diagnoses. However, professionals also need to be aware of the overlap between physical and psychological symptoms in adults with chronic illnesses in order to avoid inaccurate diagnoses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The efficacy and safety of topical rapamycin-calcitriol for facial angiofibromas in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex: a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

The efficacy of topical rapamycin is well documented for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-related facial angiofibromas (FAs). Calcitriol has been shown to lessen skin fibrosis and may be therapeutically beneficial to FAs. To evaluate whether topical rapamycin-calcitriol combination is an effective and safe treatment for TSC-related FAs. Fifty-two patients with TSC with FAs were enrolled in this prospective study including three 12-week periods. In period 1, either topical rapamycin 0·1% or calcitriol 0·0003% single-agent therapy vs. their combination was applied in a double-blind, left-right-randomized, split-face comparison. The primary outcome was the reduction of modified Facial Angiofibroma Severity Index (mFASI) at week 12. In period 2, the patients were reassigned to use on both cheeks the ointment that resulted in the better primary outcome in period 1. The treatment was discontinued in period 3 (week 25-36) and a follow-up mFASI was scored to evaluate the degree of recurrence. The mean changes in mFASI at week 12 compared with baseline were -0·92, -0·44 and -1·09 for rapamycin (P ≤ 0·001), calcitriol (P = 0·039) and rapamycin-calcitriol combination (P ≤ 0·001), respectively. Although rapamycin-calcitriol combination and rapamycin had similar statistically significant decreases of mFASI at week 12, rapamycin-calcitriol combination resulted in faster improvement in erythema, greater reduction of papule elevation and longer durability after discontinuing treatment than rapamycin alone. The treatments were well tolerated. This randomized clinical trial demonstrates that topical rapamycin-calcitriol combination therapy is an effective and safe regimen for TSC-related FAs. What is already known about this topic? Facial angiofibromas (FAs) cause substantial psychological distress in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), but invasive procedural treatments are not applicable to all patients. Topical rapamycin has been demonstrated as an effective and safe treatment regimen for TSC-related FAs. What does this study add? Compared with baseline (day 0), both topical rapamycin 0·1% and rapamycin 0·1%-calcitriol 0·0003% combination ointment achieved statistically significant reductions in modified Facial Angiofibroma Severity Index at week 12. Compared with rapamycin alone, extended use of the rapamycin-calcitriol combination regimen until week 24 showed more effectiveness in decreasing papule elevation and could maintain a longer therapeutic effect after treatment discontinuation. Linked Comment: Lee. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:604-606.

The association between heart diseases and suicide: a nationwide cohort study.

To assess the association between specific heart diseases and suicide. Nationwide retrospective cohort study. A total of 7298002 individuals (3640632 males and 3657370 females) aged ≥15years and living in Denmark during 1980-2016. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals. In multivariate analysis, we adjust for sex, period, age group, living status, income level, Charlson Comorbidity Index, psychiatric disorders prior to heart disease and self-harm prior to heart disease. Excess suicide rate ratios were found for following disorders: heart failure (IRR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.38-1.58); cardiomyopathy (IRR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.16-1.70); acute myocardial infarction (IRR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.21-1.36); cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation (IRR: 4.75; 95% CI: 3.57-6.33); atrial fibrillation and flutter (IRR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.32-1.52); angina pectoris (IRR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.12-1.26); and ventricular tachycardia (IRR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.20-1.94). A higher rate of suicide was noted during the first 6months after the diagnosis of heart failure (IRR: 2.38; 95% CI: 2.04-2.79); acute myocardial infarction (IRR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.89-2.66); atrial fibrillation and flutter (IRR: 2.70; 95% CI: 2.30-3.18); and angina pectoris (IRR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.53-2.19) when compared to later. Several specific disorders were found to be associated with elevated rates of suicide. Additionally, we found temporal associations with higher suicide rates in the first time after diagnosis. Our results underscore the importance of being attentive towards psychological distress in individuals with heart disease.

Severity of borderline personality disorder symptoms as a moderator of the association between the use of dialectical behaviour therapy skills and treatment outcomes

A core aspect of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is the acquisition and use of DBT skills to replace maladaptive behaviours. However, it is unclear whether DBT skill use is associated with differential reductions in psychological distress across individuals with varying severities of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms. In the current study, moderated mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among DBT skill use and attitudes towards skill use, pre-treatment BPD symptom severity and changes in psychological distress over the course of a 12-week DBT-informed program in a sample of outpatients with mixed psychopathology (N = 102), including a minority with BPD (N = 16). It was predicted that (i) self-reported use of the four types of DBT skills (mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance and interpersonal effectiveness) and (ii) patient attitudes towards these skills (confidence and perceived effectiveness) would be associated with greater improvements in psychological distress in individuals with higher levels of BPD symptoms compared to individuals with lower levels of BPD symptoms. Results supported this hypothesis, indicating that self-reported DBT skill use and attitudes towards DBT skills are associated with differential patterns of reductions in psychological distress.

Relationship Between Types of Social Support, Coping Strategies, and Psychological Distress in Individuals Living With Congenital Heart Disease.

Many people with congenital heart disease (CHD) experience psychological distress related to medical complications and psychosocial issues related to the disease. Although studies show that social support and coping strategies are closely associated with psychological distress in people struggling with different chronic health challenges, very little is known about whether the same factors hold true for the psychological distress of people living with CHD. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between types of social support, coping strategies, and psychological distress for individuals living with CHD. A cross-sectional survey design with self-report questionnaires was used. A convenience sample of 272 participants was obtained from the Adult Congenital Heart Disease program at a tertiary care hospital in Western Canada. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine hypothesized relationships among study variables. Perceived social support was directly related to both anxiety and depression. Received social support influenced anxiety and depression, but its effect was through perceived social support. Wishful-thinking coping strategies mediated the relationships between perceived social support and both anxiety and depression. Individuals with CHD who have low perceived and received social support are vulnerable to experiences of psychological distress. Assessments of social support and facilitation of positive coping strategies are integral to nursing care for adults with CHD.

Coming Out and Getting Back In: Relationship Cycling and Distress in Same‐ and Different‐Sex Relationships

ObjectiveTo examine the role of on–off relationship cycling in psychological distress for individuals in same‐ and different‐sex relationships.BackgroundRelationship processes have a robust effect on individual well‐being, and dissolution is associated with psychological distress that is normative and typically short‐lived. A prolonged history of terminating a relationship and then reconciling (i.e., on–off cycling), however, may facilitate more pervasive symptomology. Moreover, researchers have indicated that instability is similar for individuals in same‐ and different‐sex relationships, but cycling in same‐sex relationships has yet to be studied despite existing disparities for sexual minorities.MethodData from 545 individuals in same‐sex (n = 279) and different‐sex (n = 266) relationships were used to assess the association between on–off cycling and symptoms of depression and anxiety.ResultsThe occurrence of cycling was similar across relationship types, but a greater frequency emerged in male–male relationships compared with female–female and different‐sex relationships. Regardless of relationship type, we found a positive association between relationship cycling and distress while controlling for known correlates of mental health.ConclusionPatterns of breakup and renewal were linked to increased symptoms of psychological distress, indicating the accumulation of relationship transitions can create added turmoil for individuals.ImplicationsDue to the potential distress associated with this relational pattern, practitioners should assess for on–off instability. We also provide suggestions for encouraging individuals in distressed on–off relationships to make informed decisions about stabilizing or safely terminating their partnerships.

Effects of a psychological intervention on glycemic control and psychological distress in individuals with type 2 diabetes

Tm3+ and Dy3+ co-doped Ba0.05Sr0.95WO4 phosphors were synthesized by a low temperature combustion method. The structures of the samples were SrWO4 phase and were identified by X-ray diffraction. The surface topographies of Ba0.05Sr0.91WO4:0.01Tm3+ 0.03Dy3+ were tested by scanning electron microscopy. The particles are ellipsoid, and their average diameter is approximately 0.5 μm. The emission spectra of Ba0.05Sr0.95WO4:Tm3+ show a peak at 454 nm which belongs to the 3H6→1D2 transition of Tm3+, and the optimum doping concentration of Tm3+ ions was 0.01. The emission spectra of Ba0.05Sr0.95WO4:Dy3+ consist of the 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 dominant transition located at 573 nm, the weaker 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 transition located at 478 and 485 nm, and the weakest 4F9/2 → 6H11/2 transition located at 660 nm, and the optimum doping concentration of Dy3+ ions was 0.05. A white light is achieved from Tm3+ and Dy3+ co-doped Ba0.05Sr0.95MoO4 crystals excited at 352–366 nm. With the doping concentration of Tm3+ fixed at 0.01, the luminescence of Ba0.05Sr0.95MoO4:Tm3+ Dy3+ is closest to standard white-light emissions when the concentration of Dy3+ is 0.03; the chromaticity coordinates are (0.321, 0.347), and the color temperature is 6000 K.

The Distress Thermometer: Cutoff Points and Clinical Use

To establish an optimal cutoff point for the National Comprehensive Cancer Network’s Distress Thermometer (DT) as a screening measure to identify and address psychological distress in individuals with cancer, and to examine whether distress as measured by the DT significantly changes across the treatment trajectory. Secondary analyses of baseline data from a longitudinal parent study examining a computerized psychosocial assessment. Three diverse comprehensive cancer centers across the United States. 836 patients with a current or past diagnosis of cancer. Study participants were selected from a randomized clinical trial. Patients during any stage of the cancer treatment trajectory were recruited during a chemotherapy infusion or routine oncology appointment. The Behavioral Health Status Index and the DT were administered and compared using receiver operating characteristic analyses. Results support a cutoff score of 3 on the DT to indicate patients with clinically elevated levels of distress. In addition, patients who received a diagnosis within the 1–4 weeks prior to the assessment indicated the highest levels of distress. Providers may wish to use a cutoff point of 3 to most efficiently identify distress in a large, diverse population of patients with cancer. In addition, results indicate that patients may experience a heightened state of distress within 1–4 weeks postdiagnosis compared to other stages of coping with cancer. Using a brief measure of distress can help streamline the process of screening for psychosocial distress.

Psychological Responses to Acute Aerobic, Resistance, or Combined Exercise in Healthy and Overweight Individuals: A Systematic Review.

Introduction:Psychological distress and depression are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As such, a reduction in psychological distress and increase in positive well-being may be important to reduce the risk for future development of CVD. Exercise training may be a good strategy to prevent and assist in the management of psychological disorders. The psychological effects of the initial exercise sessions may be important to increase exercise adherence. The aims of this systematic review were (a) to examine whether acute aerobic, resistance, or a combination of the 2 exercises improves psychological well-being and reduces psychological distress in individuals with healthy weight and those who are overweight/obese but free from psychological disorders, and (b) if so, to examine which form of exercise might yield superior results.Methods:The online database PubMed was searched for articles using the PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) framework for finding scientific journals based on key terms.Results:Forty-two exercise studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 2187 participants were included (age: 18-64 years, body mass index [BMI]: 21-39 kg/m2). Only 6 studies included participants with a BMI in the overweight/obese classification. Thirty-seven studies included aerobic exercise, 2 included resistance exercise, 1 used a combination of aerobic and resistance, and 2 compared the effects of acute aerobic exercise versus the effects of acute resistance exercise. The main findings of the review were that acute aerobic exercise improves positive well-being and have the potential to reduce psychological distress and could help reduce the risks of future CVD. However, due to the limited number of studies, it is still unclear which form of exercise yields superior psychological benefits.Conclusions:Obese, overweight, and healthy weight individuals can exhibit psychological benefits from exercise in a single acute exercise session, and these positive benefits of exercise should be used by health professionals as a tool to increase long-term participation in exercise in these populations.

The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Psychological Distress in Canadian Adults With ADD/ADHD

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and psychological distress in individuals self-reporting a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD)/ADHD. Method: This correlational study encompasses cross-sectional data from 488 male and female adults (20-64 years) who reported that they have been diagnosed with ADD/ADHD. Psychological distress was measured with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Results: Adults with ADD/ADHD and high incomes have significantly lower K10 scores than Canadians with ADD/ADHD and low incomes. Income, but not education, was significant in predicting psychological distress among the sample. Canadian adults with ADD/ADHD have an increased risk for developing psychological distress and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: The findings suggest that negative outcomes associated with ADD/ADHD are not necessarily pervasive. High income may serve as a protective factor for psychological distress among adults with ADD/ADHD.

International Committee on Mental Health in Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and European Cystic Fibrosis Society consensus statements for screening and treating depression and anxiety

Studies measuring psychological distress in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) have found high rates of both depression and anxiety. Psychological symptoms in both individuals with CF and parent caregivers have...

Quality of Life and Psychological Distress in Women with Mayer-Rokitansky-K&amp;#252;ster-Hauser Syndrome and Individuals with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

Purpose: This study examines quality of life and psychological distress in individuals with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) and Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS), two syndromes belonging to the field of “disorders of sex development”. Methods: Fifty women with MRKHS and eleven individuals with CAIS participated. The German versions of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (short version, WHOQOL-Bref), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-D) were used as standardized instruments to measure quality of life and psychopathology. Additional questions concerning demographic variables and suicidality were included. Results: In both patient samples examined, general quality of life reported was in the average range (CAIS: mean z-score = ﹣0.43, SD = 1.05; MRKHS: mean z-score = ﹣0.11, SD = 1.06). The standardized instrument assessment revealed increased psychological distress (proportion of clinical cases according to the BSI: CAIS: 54.5%; MRKHS: 55.1%). A correlation between psychological distress and time span from first suspicion to diagnosis was found in women with MRKHS (Spearman’s rho = 0.35, p = 0.018). Conclusions: The results illustrate the importance of individualised and thorough diagnostics when dealing with patients with MRKHS or CAIS. Psychological distress might be an issue for these individuals and therefore should be considered in treatment and counselling.