Discipline Of Psychology Research Articles

Guest Editor’s Introduction: Critical Philosophy of Caste and Race

Guest Editor’s Introduction: Critical Philosophy of Caste and Race

Terrorist Structures in the Middle East from a Psychological Perspective; Reaction and Exploitation (The Case of Al Qaeda and ISIS)

Terrorism and terrorism are among the most important problems of international security. In the security studies literature, many hypotheses have been put forward regarding the causes of terrorism. These studies, which are carried out regionally in the Middle East, mostly include evaluations made from a religious perspective. In this study, the causality of psychological factors in the background of terrorism and terrorist organizations in the Middle East was questioned and it was argued that psychological motivations, along with many other factors, had an effect on the emergence of terrorism. In this context, the psychological elements in the background of terrorism were examined through two exemplary terrorist organizations, namely Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. The structuring and spheres of influence of these organizations, both regionally and globally, were investigated. It is clear that such terrorist organizations have developed psychological warfare strategies as well as effective warfare. The propaganda tools and ideological references of these organizations that create psychological effects were examined. The characteristics and lives of the leaders of the organization were examined. The psychological arguments made by the experts were compared with examples from the lives and characters of the leaders. In addition to individual studies, the process that caused the problem was also examined with its social and cultural aspects. The problematic psychological infrastructure caused by cultural teachings that push individuals to such structures has been examined. In addition to these different approaches, the contribution of international actors' foreign policy decisions to the process has been examined. Thus, in the study, the subject was handled with an interdisciplinary approach and a discussion was carried out in partnership with the discipline of Psychology and International Relations.

Deviance as an historical artefact: a scoping review of psychological studies of body modification

Body modification is a blanket term for tattooing, piercing, scarring, cutting, and other forms of bodily alteration generally associated with fashion, identity, or cultural markings. Body modifications like tattooing and piercing have become so common in industrialised regions of the world that what were once viewed as marks of abnormality are now considered normal. However, the psychological motivations for body modification practices are still being investigated regarding deviance or risky behaviours, contributing to a sense in the academic literature that body modifications are both normal and deviant. We explored this inconsistency by conducting a scoping review of the psychological literature on body modifications under the assumption that the psychological and psychiatric disciplines set the standard for related research. We searched for articles in available online databases and retained those published in psychology journals or interdisciplinary journals where at least one author is affiliated with a Psychology or Psychiatry programme (N = 94). We coded and tabulated the articles thematically, identifying five categories and ten subcategories. The most common category frames body modifications in general terms of risk, but other categories include health, identity, credibility/employability, and fashion/attractiveness. Trends in psychology studies seem to follow the shifting emphasis in the discipline from a clinical orientation regarding normality and abnormality to more complex social psychological approaches.

Комплексный подход к профессиональному развитию специалистов органов опеки и попечительства в отношении несовершеннолетних

<p>The article discusses the relevance and grounds for the creation of a comprehensive system of professional development of specialists of guardianship and guardianship (OOIP) in relation to minors who are state and municipal employees. Currently, there is no system of specialized professional training of OOIP specialists within the framework of secondary and higher education. The article analyzes the experience of conducting advanced training courses and the work of the only master's degree in the country in the direction of "Specialist OOIP in relation to minors", which combines two models: "inconsistent", since there is no consistent bachelor's degree, and "advanced training", designed for people who already have work experience. The conducted research on a sample of 1080 OOIP specialists revealed the specifics of their work, psychological well-being, educational needs, and the relevance of master's degree studies. The analysis of professional development programs showed that psychological and pedagogical disciplines occupy about 50% of the volume. The study revealed the presence of new trends: confessional competencies required to work with families of different faiths, competencies in the field of digitalization of specialists' activities, mediation skills, the ability to work in an interdepartmental and multidisciplinary team, the ability to identify the opinion of a child of any age on issues affecting his interests are in demand. It is shown that the system of training of OOIP specialists includes professional and personal self-development and self-improvement, one of the forms of which are professional skill contests. The innovation of recent years has been the creation of resource centers in the regions that provide methodological support, consulting, organization and maintenance of a closed group in a social network, supervision, training events for OOIP specialists. It is recommended to include in the regional professional development programs, in addition to advanced training courses, other elements of the personnel management system: planning, organization, selection, motivation, stimulation, control, as well as career management of OOIP specialists.</p>

LEARN, WORK, AND BE GOOD – POSITIVE EDUCATION AS A CHANCE FOR THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN SERBIA

The aim of this paper is to offer one of the possible paths to support the sense of well-being and satisfaction for all education stakeholders in Serbia, which is called ’positive education’. Recent research studies indicate the presence of concerning indicators of mental health and stress both in students and teachers, seemingly affecting the achieve-ments and the realization of education goals and outcomes. Positive education is an applied discipline of Positive Psychology in the educational context, giving equal importance to both achievements and mental health, optimal functioning, and well-being of all involved in the processes of learning and teaching. Models of positive psychology and positive education, as well as some experiences in the application of these models are presented, along with the possibility of their implementation in our country.

PRÁTICAS INOVADORAS NO ENSINO DA PSICOLOGIA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO

ABSTRACT This article aims to describe innovative teaching and learning strategies used in the disciplines of Developmental Psychology I and II of the Psychology course at a federal university in southern Brazil, as part of a project linked to the Programa de Iniciação à Docência (PID)2 of that university. Diversified activities and techniques adapted to the different contents have been proposed to ensure the participation and engagement of students, such as observation, creation of educational games, development of conceptual maps, analysis of audiovisual and artistic materials, narrative creation and discussion of cases. Carrying out these activities and techniques has proven to be effective in promoting theoretical-practical integration, considering the students’ reality, and in building psychological reasoning for understanding the multiple phenomena associated with human development.

Русский национальный характер в аспекте поликультурного образования

We consider the issue of studying the peculiarities of the Russian national character, understanding national character helps students to gain knowledge in psychological and pedagogical disciplines, the Russian language, literature, history. We analyzed and evaluate material contributing to the implementation of academic and educational activities. The research focuses on the personal, substantive and social characteristics of representatives of the Russian ethnic group. Knowledge about the peculiarities of the Russian national character is considered as secondary new knowledge about the native language, national culture, and history. The emphasized unpredictability of ethnic processes in modern Russia makes the subject of our study relevant. We consider the Russian national character as a unique subject of history with personal psychological characteristics. Modern scientists consider the issues of Russian mentality through the definition of a subject field connected with the national character. Despite the many points of view on the solution of the issue, it is still relevant, but not implemented. The approbation results of the program developed by us on the basis of the Socio-Pedagogical Institute of Michurinsk State Agrarian University are presented.

From the medical model to the recovery model: Psychologists engaging in advocacy and social justice action agendas in public mental health.

There is increasing recognition of the need for civil rights advocacy for people with mental illness, as basic human rights continue to be violated in mental health systems. Relatedly, an elevated call for recovery-oriented care creates new opportunities for psychologists to act as social change agents and advocates for patients in state hospital and community settings. Despite lack of specific preparation and training to take on this role, psychologists' overall training places them in a unique position to advocate in many ways. This can be for individuals in the system (patients or staff), for the discipline of psychology, as well as acting as advocates for the continued growth of recovery-oriented approaches, more socially just practices in systems of care, and by engaging in public policy transformation. Psychologists, through creating cultural change, can work to advocate for a transformation from a medical model to a recovery-oriented care model, which focuses on building meaningful lives, autonomy, and rights of the individual. We discuss the many ways in which psychologists can act as advocates in state hospitals and community settings via diverse mechanisms, including at a policy level, the challenges that they encounter, and ways to overcome these. Future directions and ways to increase the effectiveness of advocacy efforts are also discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

On the quest for disciplinary unity and the virtues of open concepts

One key strategy for unifying the discipline of psychology is to develop a meta-theoretical framework through the advancement of core concepts.  Rather than having these be strictly defined from the outset, this commentary argues for the utility of open-ended concepts for scientific advancement. This is illustrated with a brief historical review and current status of Prägnanz, assimiliation-accommodation, schema, liminality and mediation, which also show the difficulties on finding core concepts for psychology as a whole. Open-ended concepts may be useful here in that they can help to bring together converging lines of research from different approaches within psychology. Finally, a case is made for mediationas a core concept that is currently converging with notions of extended and distributed cognition. 

DISCURSOS DE GÊNERO NOS LIVROS INTRODUTÓRIOS À PSICOLOGIA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to identify and analyze the discourses about gender present in introductory books of the Developmental Psychology disciplines of undergraduate courses in Psychology, in Brazilian public universities. We identified, based on a consultation of the teaching plans of these courses, the two most cited books. We organize, examine and present the material, taking into account the procedures of documentary research: the context of production of the works, their authorship and the discourses about gender in the descriptions of age markers (childhood and adolescence). Based on the contributions of feminist and queer studies about gender and on the contributions of Michel Foucault on biopower, we identified possible effects of discourse about the control function and limitation of the ways of managing gender experiences in childhood and adolescence. We formulate considerations about these effects and the circumstance that training in the area approaches criticism of scientific discourse, from feminist and queer studies.

ПСИХОЛОГИЯ В ЮРИДИЧЕСКОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВЫЗОВЫ И СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРАКТИКИ

The article discusses the importance of psychology in the training of future specialists in the field of jurisprudence. The content of the discipline “Legal Psychology” is analyzed from the standpoint of theoretical and practical knowledge, the main approaches to the study of the problems of professional formation of personality, stated in the psychology of higher education, are considered. The article is devoted to an urgent topic – the role of psychology in the training of a future specialist in a transforming society. It is noted that the importance of studying the course “Legal Psychology” at universities is primarily due to the fact that psychological science makes a great contribution to solving the multi-profile tasks of strengthening the legal system and implementing the efforts of the state in the fight against offenses, crimes. As is known, the law enforcement activity of most legal professions takes place in the field of public relations and presupposes high emotional tension, self-organization and the development of skills in communication activities. The formation of psychological knowledge among lawyers is the most important task of training a specialist. Being a borderline science between psychology and jurisprudence, legal psychology is designed to provide a future specialist with an understanding of the psychological features of such a socio-cultural phenomenon as law, the socio-psychological essence of legal regulation, psychological features of human behavior in the field of relations regulated by law. It is noted that psychological knowledge will contribute to the development of psychological competence of students on issues most significant in their future professional activities. The author has made an attempt to investigate the mechanisms of organizing the training of students of law schools in psychology. Training is considered as a complex system that affects all key aspects of the educational process of the university. The objectives of the training are outlined, the methodological basis for planning and organizing psychological education of law students under the guidance of a teacher is presented. The principles of teaching in the context of the organization of the educational process are revealed, during the implementation of which the educational context of psychological disciplines is filled with practice-oriented professional content. This is achieved, according to the author of the article, by updating the content of psychological training of future specialists in the field of jurisprudence.

DETERMINATION OF STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT DIRECTIONS IN THE WORK OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICE AT A MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

The paper discusses the relevance for modern medicine of developed and effective communication skills in doctors. The psychological competence of a doctor is presented as an important factor in the effective-ness of the therapeutic process, the basis for the formation of patient compliance, which is especially im-portant in modern high-tech medicine. It is noted that insufficient attention to these competencies in the process of studying at a medical university can be a prerequisite for professional deformation and emo-tional burnout of future doctors. As our research shows, by senior years, a significant part of medical stu-dents have symptoms of emotional burnout and reduced levels of empathy. Studies on professional orien-tation ofmedical university applicants and junior students also show a reduced interest in the field of «person-to-person»activity. Thus, the paper reveals the importance of the organization of psychological services at medical universities and determines the main strategies for their operation. With regard to the process of psychological work with students of medical professions, it is proposed to pay attention to their deeper understanding of their profession as an activity that requires effective communication skills and empathy, and it is also essential to provide the teaching of psychological disciplines to them.

Values of Petar Mandić’s Pedagogical and Didactic Ideas for Improving Educational Work

Petar Mandić is one of the most outstanding educators of the 20th century, not only in Bosnia and Herzegovina but also further. In the focus of Mandić's pedagogical work were many questions and answers related to improving school work and teaching. The theoretical study aimed to analyze and present the value of Petar Mandić's pedagogical and didactic ideas for improving educational work in school and the teaching process. Petar Mandić's scientific research covered various fields of pedagogy, psychology, and other related sciences. Mandić's pedagogical ideas shed light on family pedagogy, the history of pedagogy, methods of educational work, preschool pedagogy, home pedagogy, comparative pedagogy, pedagogical psychology, andragogy, teaching methods, pedagogical methodology, and other scientific disciplines. Contemporary didacticians find Petar Mandić's ideas theoretically and methodologically grounded, thematically and structurally articulate, and characterize them as a courageous scientific endeavor accompanied by a critical and creative attitude towards theoretical sources and technical and technological novelties in teaching. The value of Petar Mandić's didactic ideas refers to the orientation towards new, modern and productive solutions (team teaching, dual progress plan, school without classes, flexible class schedule, micro-teaching, individually planned instruction), instructions on the application of innovations (use of computers and educational television in teaching process) and knowledge about the electronic classroom and individualized instruction.

Rethinking Urban Mission: Reconsidering Strategic Cell Fellowships as Tools to Reach and Disciple the Unreached Sub-Saharan Urban Dwellers

In the face of rising urbanisation, the urban church in Sub-Saharan Africa tackles the immense burden of reaching and discipling the unreached urban dwellers. Due to psychological overloads, social isolation, and social invisibility, urban residents shield themselves from casual and shallow relationships. Given the importance of true relationships in urban living, this article focuses on strategic cell fellowships as the most appropriate missional instrument for the urban church. It argues that for effective urban missions, cell fellowships strategically woven around vocational, recreational, and social networks must be explored. The article belongs to the discipline of missiology. It employs a transdisciplinary approach that incorporates the disciplines of theology, demography, sociology, psychology, and small group management, to identify practical ways to efficiently reach out to urban dwellers. This article demonstrates that God’s purpose to the unreached urban dwellers in the rapidly evolving Sub-Saharan region can be fulfilled when their relational needs are intentionally met through well-structured and specialised strategic cell fellowships. Keywords: urban mission, strategic cell fellowship, social invisibility, psychological overloads

Accelerating the science and practice of psychology beyond WEIRD biases: Enriching the landscape through Asian psychology.

More than a decade has passed since major concerns emerged about the WEIRD-centric focus of mainstream psychological science. Since then, many calls have been made for the discipline of psychology (and other disciplines within the social sciences) to become more broadly representative of the human species. However, recent evidence suggests that progress toward improving the inclusivity and generalizability of psychological science has been slow, and that the dominance of WEIRD psychology has persisted. To build a more comprehensive psychological science that truly represents the global population, we need strategies that can facilitate more rapid expansion of empirical evidence in psychology beyond WEIRD biases. In this paper, we draw on several examples (i.e., non-duality and dialectical interaction, Wu-Wei, Zhong Yong) to illustrate how principles of Asian psychology could contribute to reshaping mainstream psychology. We discuss some strategies for advancing a global psychological science, along with some complementary practical suggestions that could enrich the WEIRD-centric landscape of current psychological science.

The scientific integrity of ADHD: A critical examination of the underpinning theoretical constructs.

Prior to the establishment and promotion of ADHD as a psychiatric disorder, the labels "minimal brain dysfunction" (MBD), "hyperactivity" (HA), and "learning disability" (LD) were diagnostic terms for children with hard-to-manage behaviors. At the time, these labels and the treatment interventions, especially the heavy reliance on stimulant medications, were subject to criticism. Nearly half a century later, these criticisms apply equally to ADHD, suggesting a disturbing lack of progress in this area of child psychiatry. Therefore, the aim of this article is to examine the scientific integrity of ADHD, to establish why this is the case. I use a philosophy of science framework to track the initial thinking, the plausibility, and the acceptance of ADHD. I establish that ADHD, along with the evolving biomedical model for psychiatry, was accepted in the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III) as the result of bias and compromise between theorists' of different persuasions. Although initial ideas are expected to be subjective, they also need to demonstrate plausibility prior to empirical investigation. Research from the disciplines of biological psychiatry and cognitive psychology influenced the creation of ADHD, so I critically examine specific ideas that underpinned these disciplines at that time. I find these to be implausible and not congruent with current scientific knowledge, this extends to more recent theory. I conclude there is little good reason to consider DSM-III's concept of ADHD as empirically confirmed, nor do I find good reason to expect such confirmation will be forthcoming.

Precarious engagements and the politics of knowledge production: Listening to calls for reorienting hegemonic social psychology.

In this paper, we invite psychologists to reflect on and recognize how knowledge is produced in the field of social psychology. Engaging with the work of decolonial, liberation and critical psychology scholars, we provide a six-point lens on precarity that facilitates a deeper understanding of knowledge production in hegemonic social psychology and academia at large. We conceptualize knowledge (re)production in psychology as five interdependent 'cogs' within the neoliberal machinery of academia, which cannot be viewed in isolation; (1) its epistemological foundations rooted in coloniality, (2) the methods and standards it uses to understand human thoughts, feelings and behaviours, (3) the documentation of its knowledge, (4) the dissemination of its knowledge and (5) the universalization of psychological theories. With this paper we also claim our space in academia as early career researchers of colour who inhabit the margins of hegemonic social psychology. We join scholars around the world in calling for a much-needed disciplinary shift that centres solutions to the many forms of violence that are inflicted upon marginalized members of the global majority. To conclude, we offer four political-personal intentions for the reorientation for the discipline of hegemonic social psychology with the aim to disrupt the politics of knowledge production and eradicate precarity.

Crisis, Ψ-trauma, refugees

Since 2014 the situation in the Mediterranean Sea has been named and tackled as a ‘refugee crisis’, and in the name of this ‘crisis’ migrants have been accommodated in ‘hotspots’ and camps. Within these spaces, their experiences have often been articulated by the humanitarian sector and the discipline of psychology as traumatic, with refugees being described as traumatised. In this article, I critically discuss the politics of psychology and trauma within the European territory of aid, with a specific focus on Greece, amid the current, so-called ‘refugee crisis’. I start by situating crisis and trauma as concepts and their role within humanitarian and state governance. I continue by discussing how the terms ‘hotspot’ and ‘camp’ emerged in state and humanitarian discourse and practice, to explore then the politics of psychology and trauma there. Both space and time are important elements for understanding the role of psychology, as they comprise the material landscape of migration amid ‘refugee crisis’. At the same time, the discourses of psychology and trauma are implicated in the very production of these spaces. Approaching critically their interconnection through the lens of critical psychology and the work of Frantz Fanon, the article concludes that the gaze of humanitarian aid and psychology, besides medicalising refugees, psychologises the inherently political issues of migration and life lived in hotspots and camps. In so doing, it substitutes the latter with a managerial discourse.

Social engineering and the use of persuasion to commit cyber fraud

The use of social engineering in cyberattacks has increased in recognition. The gap in understanding is how the various aspects of psychology influence the outcome of social engineering attacks. In this paper Cialdini’s principles of persuasion are discussed in conjunction with neuroscience. Additional insights are introduced, including how biases function within the structure of a business e-mail compromise (BEC) e-mail and what part the persuasion principles play in the structure of the e-mail and the requests. Additional context is provided with examples to clarify the concepts of the various topics discussed. Previous research has focused on isolated disciplines of psychology and its use in phishing attacks. This singular focus has failed to address the various nuances which take place with a social engineering attack. Referencing Cialdini’s extensive work in persuasion as well as social hierarchies and the role of physiology in decision making allows for additional insights to be explored. This unique perspective will offer a more holistic understanding of the aspects that influence decisions a person makes when targeted by a social engineering attack.

What is the narrative for practice? A review of recommendations on feedback and a guide to writing impactful practical implications

AbstractResearch on supervisory feedback has burgeoned over the past 20 years. We ask, what does it have to offer to management practitioners, and is this knowledge conveyed in a constructive way? To answer these questions, we conducted a systematic literature review of the practical implications contained in feedback studies. Based on our retained articles (N = 120) and using the W‐H questions as our guiding framework, we critically discuss: Why recommendations are offered, What recommendations are endorsed, When and Where the recommendations are presented as most applicable, to Whom those are addressed, and How they are framed by researchers. In so doing, we summarise the indications that scientific research has offered to practitioners; moreover, following the same framework and the insights collected via a follow‐up survey of academics (N = 61), we provide recommendations to researchers across the management and psychology disciplines on how to craft their practical implications sections in a way that may help bridge the gap between research and practice.