Psychological Dilemmas Research Articles

The "'Crisis' Crisis" in psychology.

The recent trend to label dilemmas in psychology as "crises" is insidious. The "'Crisis' Crisis" in psychology can distract us from actionable practices. As a case in point, "The Generalizability Crisis" offers the valuable central thesis that verbal-quantitative gaps imperil psychological science. Focusing on the key issues rather than crisis narratives can lead to progress in our discourse and research.

Deepening Perspectives on Spirit

Deepening Perspectives on Spirit Lonny S. Jarrett1 (bio) A human being is a part of the whole, called by us “Universe,” a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings as something separated from the rest, a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty. Nobody is able to achieve this completely, but the striving for such achievement is in itself a part of the liberation and a foundation for inner security. – Albert Einstein2 The character shen 神 for “spirit” can be used in two main ways, indicating personal or impersonal dimensions of the self. Shen can refer to the mind and its contents as they constitute the personal sphere of the individual to define the psychological self. In this regard, it denotes to the capacity for cognition and the quality of expression of the life force as it animates an individual. We may refer to this dimension as shen with a lower-case “s,” denoting its relatively personal, microcosmic nature.3 The ego, as resistance to wholesome integrative change, is a habit en-training awareness on this personal dimension of the self, to the exclusion [End Page 169] of those dimensions of shen that are pre-personal, transpersonal, and impersonal. Beyond that, shen can also refer to the “macrocosmic” spirit or the unified consciousness that initiates, sustains, and drives the evolution of the universe. It is the one infinite, unbroken field of consciousness that we may call Shen with an upper-case “S.” In essence, there is only one light, one fire, one consciousness, and it is only ego that creates the illusion that there are two or more. A secret of the spiritual path is that the motive that inspires the seeker is consciousness, lost within a world of form, seeking for itself. Practically speaking, spiritual awakening occurs when shen, the mind or consciousness of the individual, awakens to and recognizes itself as in no way separate from Shen. This is one way of discussing nondual awakening in psychophysiological terms. Similarly, we can refer to the self with a lower-case “s” to denote the ego’s constraint of perspective to the personal sphere and speak of the Self with an upper-case “S” to include also the universal dimensions of humanity. In this text when referring to shen and to the self, I use the word in lower-case, but always keep in mind the context, in which the word is being used as a clue to my meaning. Also, holding the greater context, make sure to remain aware that Shen and shen, Self and self, are ultimately one. The effect of the individual self-sense perceiving the macrocosmic shen is akin to staring into the sun. We slowly go blind to the illusion of a separate self as it is revealed in an instant that the universal dimensions of the Self are very much more compelling and real than the purely personal self-sense born in time and conditioned by history. With ongoing exposure exercised through sincere practice, the presence of the conditioned self blanches slowly like a photograph left in the sun, eventually with little of the original image left to distinguish it from the light falling on it. Of course, this is a traditional mythic formulation predicated on the notion of “ego death.” In reality, the ego goes nowhere. However, it does seem to be true that with sincere practice, relationship to ego lessens as identification with deeper and higher dimensions of the Self increases. Over time, with sincere striving toward integrity, the personal and impersonal become one. Consciousness as Shen does not cognize our personal psychological dilemmas. They literally do not show up on its radar screen. The motive [End Page 170] force inherent in consciousness is mission-centric and relentlessly positive, always single-pointedly focused on responding to events in a way that...

Predominant Challenges of COVID-19 to Students’ Personal Learning Endeavors: Illustrative Case Study in a Philippine University

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created psychological chaos, social distress, and emotional disturbances to the students worldwide which affected their pursuit to focus on their learning goals. This article examines the psychosocial, educational, and other related challenges of the current crisis which threaten the space for learning heuristics and personal well-being of university students.
 Methods: The study applied an illustrative case study design to describe the real-life situations of the students in from a state university in the Philippines during the early stages of a phenomenal health event in history.
 Results: Result indicates that COVID-19 posits detrimental effects to the students’ educational cycles and psycho-social well-being as they felt drowned, trapped, and annihilated at the arrival of COVID-19. Aside from the psychological dilemma, students also deal with emotional, virtual, social, technical, and educational-related challenges. 
 Conclusions: The educational momentum of these particular students declined due to unprecedented educational transitions, decreased motivation for their studies, complexities experienced in the emergency online learning environments, and multiplex health and digital issues.

Forms of ethical dilemmas in industrial-organizational psychology

AbstractProfessional ethics has not been a major focus in industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology—in comparison with our study of unethical behavior in organizations. Consequently, we know very little about ethical situations actually faced by I-O psychologists. This article presents and tests a structural perspective on understanding the nature of ethical dilemmas that can facilitate such study. A taxonomy of five paradigmatic forms of ethical dilemmas is defined and placed in a theoretical context. Narrative descriptions of 292 ethical situations were obtained from a sample of 228 professional members of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) in the United States and were used to empirically test the taxonomy. The narratives were content analyzed for form of dilemma, work domain of occurrence, relevance to human resource administration concerns, and favorability of the situation’s resolution. The work domains that were most problematic were academic research/publication activities, individual assessment/assessment centers, consulting issues regarding the client, and academic supervising/mentoring. There were no significant differences as a function of respondents’ sex, seniority, or professional membership status (member/fellow). This relatively “content free” structural aspect of ethical dilemmas enables comparisons across different domains (of professions, organizations, demographic groups, age cohorts, etc.) in which the overt idiosyncratic ethical problems experienced are not commensurable. Similarly, it can yield interpretable longitudinal comparisons despite changes in the manifestations of ethical problems encountered over time.

Facing ethical dilemmas in industrial-organizational psychology: The case for the principle of double effect

Facing ethical dilemmas in industrial-organizational psychology: The case for the principle of double effect

“In That Water You Could Rinse Things Clean”

The aim of this article is to explore the depiction of baptism in Marilynne Robinson's Lila. In a way that is unique for contemporary fiction, the protagonist, Lila, seeks in baptism a relief of her chronic feelings of shame and a confirmation that she is loved. However, after her baptism the Calvinist doctrine of election drives Lila to emotional and theological despair. I suggest that the Calvinist notion of adoption in baptism is a unifying thread in Lila's theological and psychological dilemma, emphasized by her reading of the Book of Ezekiel. From a theological point of view, in baptism one changes ontologically for once and for all. But Lila's story shows that grappling with this transformation can be an emotionally painful process. Robinson depicts her protagonist as a theologian in her own right. This is significant in a novel in which the theological authority lies with male pastors and theologians, regardless of whether they are present in theological books or in religious communities in the 1950s Midwest. Lila understands in a mystical experience of heaven that she will be able to bring her non-Christian loved ones with her into heaven. This unusual rewriting of sacramental theology signifies how Lila constructs her own theology; a rewriting that connects baptism with Barth's universalism and his idea of restoring all humanity. Thus, I argue in this article that in Lila Robinson incorporates a recurring idea of sacramental theology into her fiction, a final restoration in which grace mends the relationships severed in and by life.

Identity Lost and Regained: A Postcolonial Analysis of Don Shirley’s Dilemma in Green Book

Images of black men in movies have been depicted negatively as brutal rioters or silly clowns at large for centuries, consolidating the stereotype that black man is inferior and subordinate compared with the white. Green Book, an Oscar-winning movie in 2019, subverts the traditional images of black men and white men, successfully portraying a well-educated black intellectual and a vulgar white driver. The present study aims to decode its success in characterizing positive images of black men, and reveal the psychological activity and identity dilemma of the hero, Don Shirley. Based on Fanon’s psychoanalysis and Bhabha’s hybridity theory, this paper probes into the following questions: Firstly, what kind of psychological trauma did the black hero suffer due to his black identity? Secondly, what leads to the hybrid identity of Don Shirley? The result shows that the black hero experienced the psychological trauma of inferiority complex and delusion of becoming white. He first mistook himself as a white man, then he lost his identity and finally regained a hybrid identity. Hybrid identity is attributed to cultural assimilation and otherness, which is a common phenomenon under the backdrop of colonialism. By an in-depth analysis of Don Shirley’s identity dilemma, this paper hopes to shed light on racial discrimination from the perspective of post-colonialism.

Jung’s Shadow Archetype and Its Traces in Marina Carr’s Play Woman And Scarecrow

Being a country that constantly provides well-established writers to the world literature and draws attention as a kind of education country in the eyes of great writers, Ireland embodies a magnificent literary tradition and accumulation from the past to the present. Marina Carr, one of the female playwrights of the contemporary Irish theater of the twentieth century and a contrbuiton of which Ireland to the world literature, stands out among the most important female writers. The main action of Carr's plays is to reflect the psychological dilemmas of individuals who live within the borders of the country and are shaped with Irish culture. In this psychological framework, Carr, who aims to show the introversion of people with depression, often appears as an important playwright, both by rewriting myths and addressing issues that are not familiar to Irish society in her plays. Although, unlike her other plays, she did not use the strategy of rewriting myths in Woman and Scarecrow, she succeeds in giving the play a gothic atmosphere with the Scarecrow character and creates new characters suitable for her own writing style. The play Woman and Scarecrow focuses on Carr's theme of death and makes the audience feel that moment of death and the fear of death that the individual will experience upon realization that life has no meaning when faced with the reality of death. Carr aims to reflect the reality of death to the audience through a shadow character. The moment of death of an old woman who tries to come to terms with her past on her deathbed and takes her pain out of herself is an attempt by Carr to symbolize the reality of death with the characters of Woman and Scarecrow in the play. This study deals with the shadow archetype that Carl Gustav Jung handles in the context of personality theory, forming the dark side of the personality produced by the images in our subconscious, with Scarecrow character created by Carr.

The Dilemma and Majorized Path of Psychology of Ideological and Political Education Practice Teaching for Postgraduates

研究生；思想政治教育心理学；实践教学；困境；路径

Dilemmas of Management Psychology in Building a Social Group in Military Institutions

Technological progress on the battlefield and the evaluation of the tactics of soldiers' actions entail a change in the philosophy of human resource management in military institutions, and thus a reorientation in the preparation of commanders-leaders to perform this mission. The modern soldier represents a different level of psychophysical resources. The new, more precise and at the same time more complicated to use equipment forces a change in the concept of preparing a soldier to perform tasks. Directing the development of the contemporary battlefield forces the continuous expansion of the cognitive level, both in the general and specialist area. This new approach to soldier formation shifts the centre of gravity in leadership formation to the area of cognitive resource development. This changes the emphasis of training and education towards the theory of social communication underlying the creation of psychophysical resources and issues related to the contemporary psychology of management in the military environment.

Violence against Women in Science: The Future of Gender and Science in Gwyneth Jones’s Life

ABSTRACT Violence manifests itself in a multitude of forms leaving survivors with psychological damage. Gwyneth Jones’s Life (2004) portrays myriad acts of violence against women in science with a specific critique of patriarchy that devalues women’s place in science as the “second sex.” The novel depicts “genderization of science,” questioning whether there are essential biological sexual differences through the psychology of a haunted woman bioscientist who discovers the Transferred Y chromosome that will change the future of gender with the death of male chromosome and birth of many diverse sexes. This article discusses how gender becomes a visible barrier to advancement in almost any field, but most importantly in the sciences due to gender stereotypes and gendered professional culture. This is achieved by exploring the threshold of madness the woman scientist is driven to as a response to the strain of ongoing patriarchal violence, in addition to the consequences of her psychological dilemma of balancing her multiple roles in professional career and personal life.

IN SAMI PAŞAZADE SEZAI'S "SOKAK" STORY A BIOGRAPHICAL READING ON THE PERCEPTION OF SPACE

Tanzimat Dönemi’nin ikinci kuşak yazarlarından Sami Paşazade Sezai, modern Türk öyküsünün önünü açan isimler arasında yer alır. 1891’de yayımladığı Küçük Şeyler adlı öykü kitabının ardından 1934’e kadar Rumûzü’l-Edeb’de ve çeşitli dergilerde yayımladığı öyküleriyle Cumhuriyet edebiyatına uzanır. Bu öyküler, insan psikolojisinden toplum hayatının birtakım aksaklıklarına ve yazarın hatıralarına değin tematik çeşitlilik gösterir. Yazarın ölümünden iki yıl önce, 1934’te Yolların Sesi dergisinde yayımladığı son öyküsü “Sokak” adını taşır. “Sokak”ta mekân unsuru, tarihsel ve kültürel belleğe göndermelerle bir medeniyet telakkisi olarak görülürken; Sezai’nin kişisel dünyasına, ruhsal açmazlarına da ışık tutar. Yazar öyküde, hem dünya tarihini içine alacak genişlikte geçmişi hem de sefalete düşmüş yaşlı bir Rum kadının dar çerçevesinden hareketle aktüel zamanı kapsayacak nitelikte, içinde bulunduğu mekâna çeşitli anlamlar yükler. Bu çalışmada, çocukluğunun ve gençliğinin yüksek duvarlarla çevrili konak hayatından olgunluk döneminde dış mekâna açılan yazarın, sokağı nasıl alımladığı, ona hangi işlevleri yüklediği “Sokak” öyküsü merkezinde tartışılacaktır. Abstract Sami Paşazade Sezai, one of the second generation authors of the Tanzimat Era, is among the names paving the way for modern Turkish story. He traces to the Republic period in Turkish literature with his stories published in Rumûzü’l-Edeb until 1934 and in different journals after his story book named as Küçük Şeyler (Little Things) published in 1891. These stories vary by themes from human psychology and some troubles within society to the writer’s memories. The last story that the author published in Yolların Sesi (The Voice of Roads) journal in 1934, two years before his death, is named as “Sokak” (Street). In “Sokak”, while the element of place is seen as the consideration of civilisation with references to historical and cultural memory, it also sheds light on Sezai’s personal world and psychological dilemmas. The author ascribes various meanings to the place in a way to involve both the past wide enough to cover the history of the world and the actual time with reference to the narrow perspective of an old Greek woman who has fallen into poverty. In this study, how the author, who opens himself from the mansion life surrounded by high walls in his childhood and youth to outer space during his maturity, acknowledges the street and which functions he ascribes to it are going to be discussed within the scope of the story “Sokak”.

The Psychological Dilemma of Chinese Ocean Crews

Sun, L.; Hu, C.; Liu, W.; Zhang, W.; Duan, J.; Li, Z., and Wu, T., 2020. The psychological dilemma of Chinese ocean crews. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 668–673. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.This study initially designed a questionnaire with 76 questions (hereinafter referred to as Seaf-Q1). From the aspects of career, family, working environment and rights and interests, the horizontal generality analysis of 181 ocean crews was carried out. According to the questionnaire results, crews are less satisfied with their jobs (only 6.62% of respondents are satisfied with their jobs), and 90.61% of respondents think that the national policy does not attach importance to crews. The majority of respondents believed they had a missing role in the family. The poor working environment and lack of interest on the ship have some effect on the crew's psychology. The results of the questionnaire show that most crews currently do not have access to good medical care. This study studies the experience of advanced countries and the excellent measures of “snow dragon”, and puts forward suggestions from the national, social and individual perspectives to improve the well-being of Chinese ocean crews. The Seaf-Q1 questionnaire designed in this study can also provide some reference value for the investigation of the psychological distress of crews in other countries.

Deplorable Condition of Women and Patriarchal Domination in Bapsi Sidhwa’s The Pakistani Bride

Parsi writers have contributed a lot to Indian English Literature. The Indian Parsi novelists express their feelings in the form of art. The novelists reflect the psychological dilemma of the minority community and its identity crisis through their works. Being a Parsi writer, Bapsi Sidhwa sees a kind of mental migration when she hybrids from her native land, and pours her feelings and thoughts in to her novels. She is known for her exploration of women’s inner psyche who aspire to live in modernity, inept to break traditional quality intrinsic in them. Most of her writings contain a pinch of migration and male dominance taste when one chews them. The expatriate writers face multi-cultural situation which merges with their personal anguish due to prejudice. They project the cultural confusion and confrontation of a multi-racial society. The quest for identity, aspiration for belongingness and love for native land is found as a part of non-erasable conscious in all expatriate writers. This paper reveals the socio-cultural background and the authoritative patriarchal Pakistani society in the novel The Pakistani Bride The novel portrays how the institution of marriage and patriarchy deplores and represses an orphaned girl’s self-identity. It also pinpoints the problems of a little girl Zaitoon as an alien in an alien land or culture. It enforces deportation as a pathway to sculpt for belongingness of her ‘self’. At the end, Zaitoon succeeds by rejecting the alien culture and tradition.

Nurses' views on workload, care rationing and work environments.

The article examines nurses' experiences to institutionally enforced choices they must make regarding what patient care will be left undone. Cognitive dissonance theory is used to discuss how missed care is reconciled with the nurses' sense of professionalism and feelings of compassion. Research into missed nursing care and care rationing is increasing, with an awareness that it impacts on nurses' coping ability. In-depth video and telephone interviews were conducted with four experienced nurses who were asked to describe how they made choices regarding required patient care and how they managed care under workload pressures. Thematic analysis of interview narratives revealed four key themes describing the experiences of nurses managing their work: compromising care; incongruity between professional standards and organisational resources; emotional exhaustion; and depersonalization. Nurses expressed concerns that their professional values regarding patient care are being lost in a quest to achieve financial targets. It raises questions regarding ethical and psychological dilemmas created for workers by work intensification. Financial effectiveness negatively impacts on nurses' emotional and clinical well-being cannot be easily dismissed, given that cognitive dissonance arises from attempting to provide quality care of patients whilst meeting organisational financial targets.

Towards Extraversion: A psychoanalytical Reading of the Disabled in R. J. Palacio's Wonder

This paper seeks to delineate R.J. Palacio's vision of the disabled child through displaying different youth perspectives of the story events in Wonder. Within the theoretical framework of C. G. Jung’s psychoanalysis, this paper explores instances of achieving psychological stability for both disabled and nondisabled characters, and turning the central character into an extravert. It applies the term Bildungsroman to the intellectual, social and psychological development of the novel’s central character, Auggie, who, after going out into the world, joining the preschool and experiencing both rejection and acceptance, comes to a better understanding of the self. The paper also addresses a pressing need to investigate ways to help children build an acceptance of people who may look different. It concludes that the way society responds to the disabled changes their bad experiences and improves their lives. If others actively engage the disabled and encourage their participation in, and ensure their access to, daily activities, they will heal their psychological dilemma. People need to change their perspectives of the disabled as failing to fulfill their ascribed roles in society. The paper proves that a child with disability or deformity is able to shoulder responsibility and interact in a better way than expected from him. The novel has successfully given a positive image of disability for readers and other nondisabled children. It proves that deformity is not an impediment in the development of the protagonist’s bildungsroman. It changes the way people look at anyone with disability, deformity or a mark of difference.

International Surrogacy Arrangements - Perspectives on International Regulation

In January 1988 the Supreme Court of Canada struck down the country's archaic abortion law on the ground that it imposed arbitrary delays and unfair disparities in access to abortion across the country. Since then, the conservative government of Canada has made a few attempts to introduce a new abortion policy, but it did not get passed in the parliament because the revised bills failed to protect women's right to 'life, liberty, and security of the person' within the meaning of the Canadian Charter. Canada has been without an abortion law for over four years and there has been a wide range of provincial policies and confusion in the country. Despite the legal vacuum, Canadian women are not frenziedly having abortions. However, the militancy of the anti-abortion groups has steadily intensified with continued assault on a woman's right to make reproductive choices. Since no law, short of banning abortions altogether, is going to satisfy abortion opponents, the abortion battle will rage on in Canada.

The Psychological Status and Dilemma HUMANITY of the Middle Leader of the Navy

The Psychological Status and Dilemma HUMANITY of the Middle Leader of the Navy

Ellen Glasgow’sIn This Our Life:“The Betrayals of Life” in the Crumbling Aristocratic South

AbstractEllen Glasgow’s works have received, over time, a mixed interpretation, from sentimental and conventional, to rebellious and insightful. Her novelIn This Our Life(1941) allows the reader to have a glimpse of the early twentieth-century South, changed by the industrial revolution, desperately clinging to dead codes, despairing and struggling to survive. The South is reflected through the problems of a family, its sentimentality and vulnerability, but also its cruelty, pretensions, masks and selfishness, trying to find happiness and meaning in a world of traditions and codes that seem powerless in the face of progress. The novel, apparently simple and reduced in scope, offers, in fact, a deep insight into various issues, from complicated family relationships, gender pressures, racial inequality to psychological dilemmas, frustration or utter despair. The article’s aim is to depict, through this novel, one facet of the American South, the “aristocratic” South of belles and cavaliers, an illusory representation indeed, but so deeply rooted in the world’s imagination. Ellen Glasgow is one of the best choices in this direction: an aristocratic woman but also a keen and profound writer, and, most of all, a writer who loved the South deeply, even if she exposed its flaws.

Discretion and Dilemma of Street-Level Bureaucrats in Public Services: Home Cara Dottorotta

This article aims to describe the discretion and dilemma faced by street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) in the implementation of dottorotta home care programs in Makassar City, Indonesia. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in-depth interviews, observation, and analysis of documents relevant to the research. The results showed that in implementing the dottorotta home care program, SLBs were often faced with scarcity of resources, both human and financial, and limited service time. To deal with the scarcity of these resources, SLBs use their discretionary authority, but in reality they are often faced with ethical dilemmas and psychological dilemmas. In this situation, SLBs use their experience and expertise so that the decisions taken do not harm the organization and the community it serves.