Psychological Diagnostics Research Articles

Information Technology Support of Education of Students With Autism: Aspects of Virtual Assistant Modeling

People with autism find that interacting with a computer or tablet is less stressful and more attractive than interacting with people. The analysis of information technologies developed both abroad and in Ukraine reveals the lack of systematic support for the education processes of people with autism. In this context, the development of personalized information technology support for the learning processes of such students is an urgent scientific and practical task. To achieve this goal it is necessary to explore the theoretical and methodological foundations of teaching people with autism and state the role of IT support of such education. Experts agree that the main areas of development of information technology to support the training of students with autism are the improvement of communication skills, improvement of social communication, and academic training. The method of personalization of virtual content of information technologies developed or adjusted to support education of students with autism should take into account the results psychological diagnostics of a student, his/her educational abilities and needs, and also such method might involve the participation of paraprofessionals and parents of a student. When developing such a method, it should be taken into account that some students might use non-verbal communication only, and an algorithm for evaluating the emotions of a student with autism should be developed. The most promising technologies which can be with an appropriate level of ease be adapted into the education of students with autism are augmented and virtual reality technologies. According to the developed method of personalization of virtual content of information technologies, different modeling and visualization software should be used.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT OF PROFESSIONAL WORK IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The article focuses on the problem of career guidance work with students; the place and role of psychological diagnostics in vocational counseling are determined; psychological and pedagogical features of conducting vocational work with students are considered; the list of psychodiagnostic methods for work with students is presented, the programs of identification and development of personal and professional resources of students are offered; the basic professional and ethical principles of career guidance work are highlighted.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF EXCELLENCE IN THE SPORT OF HIGHER ACHIEVEMENTS AS A COMPONENT OF THE SUCCESS OF THE ATHLETE

The article raises one of the urgent problems in modern sports of the highest achievements - the problem of psychological support for the superiority of athletes. Considered as one of the priority directions of state policy. Modern sport is distinguished by a significant intensity of training loads, a reduction in time limits in the preparation of athletes, a great personal responsibility, both a coach and an athlete for the result in competitions of various levels. All of these factors affect the mental state of the athlete. In this connection, disturbances in the stability of the neuropsychic state, psycho-emotional lability and tension, and low resistance to stress may appear. It is obvious that there is a need for psychological support of athletes at all stages of sports activity in order to form stress resistance, an active life position, a competitive and healthy personality. Excellence in sports is considered as the achievement of high sports results, the peak of skill in sports activities, as well as the achievement of the athlete's superiority in setting and implementing the goal, the sports activity itself and to ensure the quality of the sports process as an end result. In our opinion, psychological support in elite sports is a system for managing the processes of an athlete's personality development, mental states, processes of social behavior, adaptation of an athlete to the end of a sports professional career, as well as a study of the psychological patterns of mental improvement in the process of sports formation. Psychological support of athletes at different stages of the development of a sports career is an important component of the activity of a sports psychologist and includes the following areas: primary psychological diagnostics; psychodiagnostic control; psychological correction; psychological counseling of athletes, their parents (if necessary), coaches.

COPING STRATEGIES OF ETHNIC SUBJECTS IN DIFFERENT CULTURAL AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF LIVING

The problem of studying coping strategies of ethnic subjects (representatives of the Udmurt people) in different cultural and ecological conditions of living (rural / urban environment) is posed in the article. Study participants are 70 Udmurts aged 35 to 45 who live on the Udmurt Republic territory. There are 35 rural people (female - 81.4 %, male - 18.6 %) and 35 urban people (female - 79.2 %, male - 20.8 %). The standardized method of psychological diagnostics by E. Haim (Russian version) is used to identify preferred coping strategies. The authors use descriptive statistics, difference reliability analysis method (Mann-Whitney U test) as methods of mathematical statistics. The hypothesis of the differences in the choice of ethnic subject’s coping strategies in connection with different cultural and ecological conditions of life was confirmed by the results of the empirical research. Rural Udmurts use “active avoidance”, “self-setting”, “search for meaning”, “emotional explosion”, “maintaining composure” and “religiosity”; urban Udmurts use “retreat” and “problem analysis”. Both groups also use similar coping strategies (“optimism”, “distraction”, “recourse”). These choices are explained by the reliance of the Udmurts on cultural values, which are manifested in ethnic characteristics and open up to representatives of both groups as additional adaptive resources that allow them to effectively escape from the impact of stressful living conditions.

Case of psychological consultation and observation an adolescent with dissociative dysmnesia

IntroductionCases of memory loss are rare phenomena. We present a case-study of common psychological and psychotherapy observation 14,5 years old girl with dissociative dysmnesia during 2 years. Teenager grew up in a small town near Moscow, her parents were divorced. A girl and her elder brother stay with mother. One day in New Year Holiday in January she had come to take out the trash and did not return home. When mother and her friends had found girl on the other side of town, she did not remember anything about her life and family. Goal: description the case of long observing adolescent with dissociative dysmnesiaObjectivesGirl age 14,5 y.o.MethodsPsychodiagnostics, Psychotherapy.ResultsFirst period (1 months later initial episode) mother provided mane consultations to understand what has happened with daughter and what is illness. Psychiatrist made a diagnosis - dissociative dysmnesia, neurologists did not find any disturbances. Psychological diagnostics showed small gaps in knowledge, pronounced violations of autobiographical memory, decreased activity, and mood. Unusual results were obtained in projective drawing. She got to know her family and friends again, started an account on Internet, shares her stories. These 2 years she worked with individual psychotherapist with positive changes. In September 2020 she went to school, not yet caught up with program. She masters the guitar, continues to play in the theater studio, and makes plans for future.ConclusionsAfter 2 year observation and work autobiographical memory has not restored. Girl’s personality hasn’t changed, according to the family. Her mood and communication look better.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

A Modern Approach To The Psychological And Pedagogical Diagnosis Of Developmental Disorders In Children

The article highlights the issues of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of children with developmental disorders. It has been substantiated that mental processes and personality traits are not the result of the maturation of individual zones or areas of the brain. They take shape in ontogenesis and depend on the social situation of the child's development.

Psychodiagnostic evaluation of parental position in settlement of legal disputes on child upbringing in the course of forensic psychological examination

This article explores the crucial points associated with the objective assessment of parental position in the process of forensic psychological examination. The subject of this research is the specificity of parental position in the situation of forensic psychological expert study. The object is the parents in the situation of forensic psychological examination. The author describes the main capabilities of psychological diagnostics of parental position in the expert practice. The article analyzes the data acquired from psychometric surveys carried out among 46 parents/custodians involved in forensic psychological examination on civil cases related to disputes over child upbringing. The study employs the psychometric surveys for evaluation of child-parent relations (“The Analysis of Family Relationship” and “Child-Parent Interaction”). Based on the array of expert material, the author carries out statistical analysis of the data acquired via tested psychometric methods aimed at the assessment of parental position. The obtained correlation between the scales of psychometric surveys, the author highlights the most significant diagnostic criteria give an integral estimate of parental position. The novelty of this work consists in determination of diagnostic parameters that verify the key criteria of parental position in the course of forensic psychological examination: adequacy, predictivity, flexibility. The acquired materials contribute to objectification of conclusions of the psychologist in complicated expert situations on settling the issues related to child upbringing.

Clinical psychology for specialists in physical therapy, occupational therapy: curriculum

The discipline "Clinical Psychology" aims to acquaint students of medical universities in the specialty 227 - physical therapy, occupational therapy with the clinical and psychological paradigm of understanding the nature of the human psyche in the norm, at the neurotic, borderline and psychotic levels; to reveal the range of diagnostic and treatment approaches taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of mental organization of an individual patient, the peculiarities of his physical functioning, quality of life and attitude to the disease in order to select optimal areas of clinical interviews, psychological diagnostics, psychotherapy, medical and socio-psychological rehabilitation. The discipline also aims to create a holistic system of scientific knowledge about clinical psychology as a science and practice, the formation of skills and abilities to select the use of clinical techniques for psychoprophylaxis, counselling practice considering the specifics of working with different categories of patients, including different models of physical therapy and occupational therapy.
 The subject of the discipline is the study of a system of generalizations about the psychological characteristics of the personality of patients with somatic and mental illnesses, with problems of functioning, limitations of life and health; and concerning medical interaction, formation of professional representations concerning problems of mental norm and pathology, functioning and vital activity.

Interactive methods in teaching psychology of professional education

This article explores the implementation of interactive methods in teaching psychology of professional education. The object of this research is the process of teaching the discipline “Psychology of Professional Education”, while the subject is the interactive methods of teaching this discipline. The article employs the method of theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, methods of generalization, synthesis, comparison, and classification. The author discusses the essence of interactive teaching methods and their role within system of modern teaching techniques. Special attention It is emphasized that each class can be conducted using interactive teaching methods, selected by the pedagogue based on the desire to improve the effectiveness of educational process and develop professional competencies of students. The scientific novelty consists in determination of specificity of using interactive teaching methods within the framework of the discipline under review. It is established that heuristic conversation, psychological diagnostics, method of projects, role games, and problem-based learning are considered as most effective interactive teaching techniques. The acquired results can be applied in organizing educational process with regards to psychology of professional education and other disciplines of psychological and pedagogical orientation. The conclusion is made that in teaching psychological-pedagogical disciplines and future pedagogues, the students learn how to implement these methods in their future pedagogical activity.

Integrated Technology of University Students’ Sports Selection and Orientation in Physical Education Specializations Tailored to Individual Characteristics

The article analyzes student sport, which is a reserve of high-performance sport, on the one hand, and a powerful factor in health preservation and socialization of future specialists and active members of society, on the other hand. The article discusses sports selection and orientation in the context of sportization of orientation of university physical education towards preservation of students’ health, creation of health-forming educational space to ensure the development of health-forming values that result in the improvement of students’ health and physical condition. The aim of the study is to develop, apply and evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated technology of students’ sports selection and orientation towards university physical education specializations tailored to students’ individual characteristics. The general scientific research methodology is presented by a systematic approach to determining a person’s individual characteristics in the unity and interrelation of biological, social and psychological components, their influence on choice and success in certain activities, and their impact on health. Methods of scientific analysis, observation, experiment, empirical methods of psychological diagnostics, psychophysiological methods, statistical and mathematical methods were used. The study was conducted from January, 2016 to September, 2020. It involved 327 people: athletes from the DYUSSHOR (children and youth sports school of the Olympic reserve) of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, adult athletes, and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year students of the schools of Siberian Federal University from educational specializations in basketball, aerobics, and rock climbing. The proposed methods of selection and orientation towards specializations in physical education can be applied in universities regarding the practice of student sport as a reserve of high-performance sport and mass student sport. The proposed methods of orientation of students towards physical education specializations tailored to their individual characteristics can be applied in the system of higher physical education and in physical education classes at universities. When assessing the conformity of the athlete’s data to the chosen sport, which is a mathematical algorithm for assessing the conformity of professionally significant qualities to those required in the chosen sport, the obtained data on the athletes’ conformity ranged from 70% to 93%. These data confirm the previously obtained data on the prevailing tendencies in the severity of the typological characteristics of the nervous system properties in athletes doing different sports, as well as the correspondence of the typological complex of the nervous system of those under the study with the athletes’ morphological and functional characteristics required in elite sports. As a result of the study, the established correspondence of these students to the chosen specializations ranges from 48% (rock climbing, 1st year female students) to 87% (female students, basketball). The following motives can be considered the most significant for the group of students under the study: health preservation, social sphere, and physical perfection. The use of modern methods of orientation and selection in the context of the sportization of physical education will contribute to solving the problems that the staff of the Department of Physical Education face in helping the students to choose the type of physical activity (the student’s orientation towards mass student sport, health-improving physical education), as well as a specific sport

Computer-Based Testing Complex “Profvybir”: Occupational Guidance Diagnostics

The importance of occupational guidance for individuals has been highlighted in the article. Modern tasks and challenges of occupational guidance have been presented and conditions of a personality’s successful self-realization have also been analysed. The article deals with the application of modern methods and forms of occupational guidance for students. The authors present the results of approbation of the computer-based testing complex “ProfVybir”, performed during 2015-2019 for the diagnostics of occupational interests and inclinations. It is used as a separate information service for students of 8-11 grades. The complex was created in Centre of Psychological Diagnostics and Training Technologies “Insight” of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University. During the mentioned period 780 students took part in occupational diagnostics. The following algorithm of work with the computer-based testing complex consisting of three blocks is presented. The article defines that the method of occupational guidance can be used to implement the policy of the Ministry of Education and Science in the development of occupational guidance, can be applied by a career advisor at school, while the computer-based testing complex may be an additional component of the occupational training program.

Formation of a draft model of a national technology initiative specialist

The article indicates the draft model of an NTI specialist, built on the basis of the generalized opinion of experts. Education as an integrated process is focused on the intellectual, spiritual and moral, creative, physical and/or professional development of a person. Based on the analysis of personality theories, the main criteria of the personality model of an NTI specialist are determined. An algorithm for group expert assessment of the personality model of an NTI specialist is presented. Methods for registering indicators of the formation of personality substructures of NTI specialists are pedagogical and psychological diagnostics and expert assessment. The tendencies of positive changes in the personality development of NTI specialists are revealed.

Problems of the of health-saving environment at the engineering university

The article deals with the issues of health-saving of students at Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering. It identifies problems and possible ways to solve them in the health-saving environment of the university. To obtain information, a SWOT analysis of the organization of this environment was conducted, the degree of prevention, maintenance and preservation of students’ health at the technical university in the process of training future specialists in full-time training, as well as distance learning in the context of a pandemic was determined. «Problem Solving and Decision-Making» (PSDM) method was used, in the process of which possible solutions to the problems of the development of chronic fatigue and emotional burnout syndromes in architecture students in the course of full-time training and deterioration of the health of university students in the course of distance learning were identified. The method of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics was applied – testing in an online format, as a result of which the problems of health saving in the process of distance learning were identified. Methods of solving these problems were found (universal exercises were used in the conditions of limited home space).

Psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of adaptation of first-year college students

Psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of adaptation of first-year college students

Общее и речевое развитие детей предшкольного возраста как основа обучения первоначальному чтению

According to the Federal State Educational Standard, the content of the educational program of preschool education should ensure the general and speech development of preschoolers. In connection with the requirement of the named document and the data of pedagogical science, the need for the development of coherent speech, vocabulary, the grammatical side of speech, the education of the sound culture of oral speech and other aspects of the general and speech development of children in the period of preparation for school is substantiated. Referring to the works of classical and modern methodic science, the researcher correlates the process of speech development of preschool children with the development of the motivational, cognitive, emotional-volitional sphere of the personality. The named areas of speech and general develop-ment of preschool children contribute to their preparation for learning to read in elementary school. The urgent problem of ensuring the continuity of preschool and primary education in the issue of teaching preschoolers and primary schoolchildren in initial reading is posed. The possibili-ties of using various methods of teaching initial reading, depending on the writing system, are ana-lyzed. Conclusions on the problem under study are associated with the development of phonemic hearing, the formation of a broad orientation of children in linguistic reality, with the skills of sound analysis and synthesis. The novelty of the research is the idea of the possibility of special training and teaching older preschoolers to initial reading based on the development of a value attitude to language and speech during preschool childhood, on the basis of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics. Arguments in favor of preschool reading teaching are associated with sufficient general and verbal development of modern children.

Creative-digital diagnostics and reflexive development of school students in the course of studying Natural Sciences

The authors of the article raises an issue that is relevant from the perspective of modern education connected with difficulties of using the results of psychological diagnostics of students’ creative thinking carried out with the help of traditional testing techniques within the framework of the actual learning process. To address this issue, it is recommended to use the solutions suggested by the “forming” and “reflexive” approaches to this problem and conduct a synthesis of these two approaches using modern digital technologies. This way, it will provide us with an opportunity to turn developing (forming) procedures into diagnostic and turn diagnostic means into developing. Such a conceptual and technological symbiosis allowed us to create a computer networking system “CREO DATUM” enabling its users to carry out creative-digital diagnostics and psycho-pedagogical support of reflexive development of students’ creative potential at the same time based on the material of one of the natural sciences taught within the school curriculum, namely chemistry. This system includes a database of domain-specific creative tasks by solving which students demonstrate their thinking abilities; digitalization of this process in the online mode allows teachers to monitor and assess the dynamics of such parameters of their creative potential as divergence and criticality. This tool enables the teacher and student to predict the area of future development promptly and select further creative tasks on the subject via “CREO DATUM” taking into consideration the strengths and weaknesses of previous creative efforts. Experimental testing of the “CREO DATUM” system allowed us to categorize the students who took part in the research. Four groups have been identified: children with high creative potential, ones with low creative potential, divergents, and analysts. Methodological recommendations have been developed for each category of students based on the material of a natural science subject aimed at psychological and pedagogical support of their development.

Исследование уровня социально-коммуникативного развития дошкольников (эффективность программы «Сила народной игры» (Folkskills))

The game is considered as a professional correctional and preventive resource in working with de-viant behavior of children and adolescents. One of the reasons for the deviant behavior of preschool children is recognized as an insufficient level of social and communicative development. Folk game has features that affect the parameters of social and communicative development of children (the ability to follow the rules, adequately evaluate themselves, and establish friendly relations with peers). The game program, which is attractive for children, proposed in the study, includes a variety of games with strict rules, which, however, provide great opportunities for improvisation and the manifestation of children’s individuality. Psychological diagnostics of the parameters of social and communicative development experimentally showed the effectiveness of the program. The socio-metric status at-risk kids has also increased. Aggressive manifestations in behavior have significant-ly decreased, indicators of the emotional and volitional sphere have improved.

Психологическая профилактика травматизма в производственной сфере

The psychological analysis for the problem of the human factor of industrial injuries is presented in the article. The urgency of considering the problem of industrial injuries from a psychological point of view is substantiated. The characteristics of the factors influencing the efficiency of production activities are given. The results are presented concerning the empirical study conducted at the petrochemical enterprise with the employees in the production of monomers using an assessment of the ergonomic working conditions and causes of injuries, psychodiagnostic techniques. The reliability of the study results was achieved by using the methods of mathematical statistics (correlation analysis by Brave-Pearson and Vard methods). The specificity of the manifestation of psychophysiological characteristics of the employee in the morning, day and night shifts is specified. The possibility is provided to predict the risks of human errors in non-standard situations at the level of psychological diagnostics. The possibilities of using psychological measures in the prevention of injuries at the stage of occupational selection are described. The results of study demonstrate the possibility of reducing injury rate by differentiating employees based on the psychophysiological indicators and determining the optimal working time. Conclusions are formulated regarding the influence of psychological factors on the efficiency and safety of the work activity. It is advisable to consider the psychophysiological characteristics of the employees in professional selection, determination of the shift work schedule and admission to occupational activity. The need is defined related to studying the causes and factors of injury rate from the standpoint of analyzing critical periods of time that require special attention and control from the medical and psychological services of the enterprises and departments of occupational and industrial safety.

Когнитивные нарушения и нейропсихиатрические последствия, связанные с COVID-19

Objective of the Review: To summarise and analyse references published during COVID-19 pandemic regarding possible pathogenic mechanisms of neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders (CD) in COVID patients, based on their manifestations, changes in severity and course of the disease associated with comorbid CD. Key Points. CDs following an acute COVID-19 period, especially in combination with comorbid cognitive disorders, are often diagnosed in various age groups of patients. Since the risk that mild CDs progress and transform to moderate and severe CDs in these patients is higher than the statistically average value, clinicians should be aware of the significance of early diagnosis of cognitive disorders. In selecting methods for psychological diagnostics and correction, it is advisable to rely of the data and lessons learnt from earlier SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV pandemics. Conclusion. A multi-disciplinary approach to organisation of medical rehabilitation involving physiological and cognitive screening will allow personifying neuropsychologic rehabilitation programs, thus improving both short-term and long-term rehabilitation outcomes. Keywords: cognitive disorders, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, medical rehabilitation.

ФАКТОРЫ ТРЕВОЖНОСТИ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПОДРОСТКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЫ

In modern conditions, the problem of anxiety becomes particularly relevant, which is due to the growth of non-determination, which leads to an increase in the phenomena of maladjustment. The problem of anxiety, despite its representation in research, remains relevant for psychological science and practice. The aim of the study was to identify the factor structure of anxiety and socio-psychological adaptation of modern adolescents. The tasks were to identify the level of anxiety and socio-psychological adaptation, to establish the factor structure of these phenomena and the relationships between them. The study used methods of psychological diagnostics aimed at determining the level of anxiety and parameters of socio-psychological adaptation, methods of mathematical statistics. It is revealed that the parameters of social and psychological adaptation are factors of anxiety development, especially in situations related to school education. Girls are more vulnerable to the stressful factors of the school environment. The results of the study can be used in the practice of the school psychological service to take into account the risk factors for the development of adolescent anxiety, prevention of psychological distress of adolescents.