Psychological Counseling Services Research Articles

Self-disclosure and its relationship to psychological immunity among non-Arabic-speaking students at Umm Al-Qura University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to identify the level of self-disclosure and its relationship with the level of psychological resilience among non-Arabic-speaking students at Umm Al-Qura University, taking into account a set of demographic variables (gender, social status, duration of study, age). The study sample consisted of 144 male and female students, and two scales were applied: the Self-Disclosure Scale (Osman, 2013) and the Psychological Resilience Scale (Shapan et al., 2020). The descriptive analytical method was used to answer the study's questions.The results showed a positive correlation between the level of self-disclosure and the level of psychological resilience. The findings also confirmed the possibility of predicting psychological resilience through the level of self-disclosure. However, there were no statistically significant differences on any of the demographic variables under study, either on the variable of self-disclosure or psychological resilience. Based on the main study results, a number of recommendations were formulated, the most important of which are: encouraging non-Arabic speaking students to practice self-disclosure; providing support and a safe space for them to express their thoughts and feelings to enhance their psychological and social well-being; and enhancing self-expression skills among non-Arabic speaking students through educational or training programs targeting this group. Additionally, providing psychological and social support to assist non-Arabic speakers in adapting to a new culture through psychological counseling services or social support programs​​​​​​.

The Perception of Secondary School Teachers on the Availability of Counseling Services for Students With Learning Disabilities

The current research aimed to assess the status of counseling services offered to students with Learning Disabilities (SLDs) in Macca as perceived by their teachers. The research methodology employed was descriptive. The sample consisted of 330 teachers (174 males and 156 females) who work in the government schools in Macca during the 2021 academic year. The data was collected using a questionnaire that covered three areas: 1) Psychological counseling services (PCS) consisting of 12 items, 2) Social counseling services (SCS) consisting of 10 items, and 3) Educational counseling services (ECS) consisting of 9 items. The questionnaire was validated and its reliability was established.
 The findings revealed that the counseling requirements of secondary school students with Learning Disabilities (SLDs) in Macca, as perceived by their teachers, had a moderate average mean of 2.83. Additionally, the educational counseling services dimension was the top priority with an average mean of 2.88 and a moderate level of consistency, followed by psychological counseling services with an average mean of 2.81 and a moderate level of consistency. Lastly, the social counseling services dimension had the lowest average mean of 2.80 and a moderate level of consistency.
 The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the responses about the availability of counseling services for secondary school students with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDs) in Macca based on gender, academic background, work environment, years of experience, or the overall survey instrument. The study suggested establishing clear guidelines for counselors to effectively deliver the necessary counseling services for SLDs.

EXAMINATION OF PEER PRESSURE IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS BASED ON TEACHERS' OPINIONS

This study examines peer bullying behaviors among high school students between the ages of 15 and 18 based on teachers' opinions. The sample group consisted of a total of 30 teachers, 22 of whom were female and 8 of whom were male. All these teachers worked in high schools and equivalent schools in Istanbul. A total of 23 of the participants hold undergraduate degrees, and 7 of them hold postgraduate degrees. The participants were selected from different branches. The data were collected using the face-to-face interview technique. Teachers were asked 11 types of questions about peer pressure, and their responses were noted. The data were collected from volunteer teachers who were still on duty. The 'Peer Bullying Questionnaire in Schools', developed by the researchers and determined according to expert opinions and consisting of two parts, was used as a data collection tool. The first part of the peer bullying questionnaire includes the demographic characteristics of the participants, and the second part includes 11 types of questions for teachers about peer pressure. Consequently, this research is a study that reflects the peer bullying cases that students have been exposed to, how students react to such bullying, what kind of attitude teachers have towards such behaviors, how they act as teachers, why bullying behaviors develop, and how they suggest solutions to such behaviors. The results of the present study showed that peer bullying is a highly prevalent problem in high schools, and the students mostly suffered from verbal and social bullying. Familial factors were reported as the major cause of peer bullying. Teachers stated that the first source they used to cope with bullying was the school's psychological counseling and guidance services. The results of the present study were discussed based on the available literature, the study's limitations were indicated, and suggestions for future practical and theoretical studies were presented.

Assessment of Substance Use Among High School Students in Northern Cyprus Based on the Gateway Hypothesis

This study is a quantitative survey study based on the data of the research project on the Use of Alcohol, Cigarettes and Other Addictive Substances in Northern Cyprus High Schools students conducted by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Anti-Drug Commission. In this study, data were collected from 763 high school students in 6 districts in the north of Cyprus through the European School Research Project Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD Survey) Survey, using the stratified sampling method, through the guidance and psychological counselling services of the schools. According to findings of this study, as the smoking age falls, so does the age of switching to e-cigarettes. Similarly, as the age of first cigarette and e-cigarette smoking declines, so does the age of daily use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. When the regression results of the research are evaluated, it is seen that students' lifetime smoking frequency, age at beginning smoking, e-cigarette smoking frequency, age at first e-cigarette smoking, hookah smoking frequency, and usage of heated non-combustible tobacco products did not predict bonsai use. However, an increase in the frequency of cannabis use among students significantly predicts bonsai consumption.

Depression, anxiety and quality of life of Afghan women living in urban areas under the Taliban government: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesAccording to the World Health Organization, depression is a common mental health illness that is characterised by a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. The present study examined...

SINERGITAS PERAN KELUARGA DAN PEMERINTAH KOTA PEKALONGAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN TINDAK KEKERASAN PADA ANAK

Abstract
 This study aims to find out the synergy between the role of the family and the Pekalongan City government in preventing acts of violence against children in Pekalongan City. This research is a library research. This study uses a qualitative approach through descriptive analysis method based on the study of the literature obtained and then used as material for analysis. The results of this study indicate that the family has a very important role in preventing acts of violence against children. Good and proper family education will be able to produce children who have good character as well. Children who have good and strong character will be able to protect themselves from various acts of violence. In addition, the government of Pekalongan City has also made many breakthroughs in efforts to prevent acts of violence against children. These efforts include forming a Community-Based Integrated Child Protection (PATBM) team at the village and sub-district levels, forming the PUSPAGA ELPePar Community-Based Family Education Center (PPKBM PUSPAGA ELPePar) in collaboration with the Indonesian Psychological Association (HIMPSI) Branch of the Ex-Residency of Pekalongan which provides free psychological counseling services for parents, as well as a child goes to school forum which provides free consultation services for children. In addition, the Pekalongan city government has also carried out socialization on violence against children involving community leaders and the media. with the synergy between the family and the government of Pekalongan City in carrying out their respective roles optimally, acts of violence against children in Pekalongan City can be suppressed and prevented.
 Keywords: Pekalongan City Government, violence against children, Pekalongan LP-PAR

Challenges and coping between parents in shared decision-making for children with complex, life-threatening conditions: A qualitative content analysis

Background & purposeRelatively little is known about the parents' challenges and coping in making decisions for children with complex, life-threatening conditions. Therefore, this secondary analysis aimed to explore the challenges and coping between parents while navigating their decision-making by focusing on their interpersonal relationship. Design & methodData from 38 interviews with parent couples of 20 infants diagnosed with congenital heart disease or receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were analyzed using a conventional content analysis. ResultsFindings revealed the key challenges between parents in decision-making and how they cope with the challenges together as represented by two main themes of “Challenges faced by parents in making decisions together” and “Parents' collaborative coping with the challenges of making shared decisions.” DiscussionThe majority of challenges that parents face in making decisions were closely related to the nature of the children's complex and life-threatening illness and uncertainty. However, supportive partner helped coping and decision-making, indicating the vital role of spouses in making decisions for their ill child. ImplicationsAssessing parents' marital relationship, providing enough information to ensure that both parents clearly understand the information, and encouraging parents to openly communicate with each other are recommended. Educating healthcare providers to support parents to partner together in shared decision-making is also required. Last, legislating laws that mandate providing psychological counseling services and developments of community-based interventions to support parental relationship would improve parents' shared decision-making. Further research on enhancing parental relationships in the context of a child's illness is required.

Building a Psychological Counseling and Mental Health Education System for College Students

With the development of society and changes in educational concepts, the mental health problems of college students have become increasingly prominent. To improve the mental health level of college students, it is crucial to construct a comprehensive psychological counseling and mental health education system. This paper analyzes the mental health problems of college students, discusses the necessity of building a psychological counseling and mental health education system, and proposes key elements and strategies for system construction, including improving psychological counseling service institutions, strengthening the construction of faculty, conducting comprehensive mental health education involving all members, and establishing an effective evaluation mechanism. These measures contribute to enhancing the level of psychological counseling and mental health education for college students and promoting their comprehensive development and well-being.

The relationship between depression, healthy lifestyle behaviors and internet addiction: a cross-sectional study of the athlete university students in Turkey.

Mental health research exists for university students in the areas of prevalence and association of depression, internet addiction and healthy lifestyle behaviors. However, the studies examining prevalence rates and these relationships in athlete university students are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between depression, healthy lifestyle behaviors and internet addiction among athlete university students in Turkey. A cross-sectional design was conducted, measuring depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, healthy lifestyle behaviors (HPLP-II), and internet addiction (YIAT-SF). Predictive factors associated with depressive symptoms were estimated using binary logistic regression. Of the 501 participants, 61.3% were male, with a mean age of 21.45 years (SD: 3.19). Student-athletes were at risk of depressive symptoms (76.4%), internet addiction (34.4%) and had moderate healthy lifestyle behaviors (130.41 ± 22.93). No significant differences were found for age, smoking, time spent on social network, number of sports days, number of social networks use for depressive symptoms (p > 0.05), however significant differences were found for depressive symptoms by sex and living with family status (p < 0.05). Pathological internet addiction (OR: 12.74, 95% CI: 2.91-55.77) and low spiritual growth (OR: 0.854, 95% CI: 0.79-0.92) were found to be predictors of depressive symptoms within the athlete university students (p < 0.001). The athlete university students are at increased risk for depressive symptoms and internet addiction and decreased healthy lifestyle behaviors. It is essential to establish programs to improve the mental health of students in universities and to strengthen the psychological counseling services offered to students. These findings can assist universities in establishing effective measures to improve mental health outcomes.

Examination of children’s grief experiences through storytelling-based systemic intervention: Case study

This study explored the experiences of children whose parents died and who were in the mourning process through storytelling-based systemic intervention. The study employed the multiple case study design and the study group consisted of six children aged 7–12 years attending elementary and middle schools in Van, Turkey. The criterion sampling method was used to form the study group. The criteria for participating in the study were the child being between the ages of 7–12, the child losing one of the parents, the child having psychological support request from the school psychological counseling service for him/her, and the child losing his/her mother or father at least six months before the study. The semi-structured interview method was used to collect data in the study since storytelling-based systemic intervention developed for this study includes distinct stages, questions to be directed to the counselee at each stage, and steps that can be flexible according to the counselee’s situation. 11 interviews were held with each child regularly every week. These interviews aimed to understand what the children experience regarding grief through the “storytelling-based systemic intervention”. The study data were analyzed by deductive content analysis and qualitative comparative analysis. What the children experienced during the intervention was presented based on the therapeutic unique experiences of White and Epston (1990), who emphasized narrative therapy and social constructs. Under the general category of “emotional constructions regarding the past unique outcomes”, various subcategories were formed, namely “emotional oscillations between life/death”, “experiencing many emotions together during the grief process”, “the revealing of injuries associated with losses and the responsive change of hurt”, “feeling sensitivity towards the surviving parent”, “feeling hurt by others about parental loss”, “feeling empathetic towards people experiencing similar grief narratives” and “revealing unfinished emotions with the dead”.

Who are frequent chatters? Characterization of frequent users in a 24/7 messenger-based psychological chat counseling service for children and adolescents

BackgroundOnline helplines have shown a high acceptance, feasibility, and usability, especially with young people. Helplines usually aim to provide one-time crisis intervention; however, there are users who frequently use such services, tying a disproportionately large proportion of service capacities. To date, there is no research on the characterization of frequent users of online helplines. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to characterize frequent chatters in a chat-based counseling context. MethodsThis cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed anonymous data of users who approached the German messenger-based psychological chat counseling service krisenchat between May 2020 and July 2021 (N = 6657), with a focus on frequent users - the “frequent chatters”. Frequent chatters were defined as those who received an above average (M + 2 ∗ SD) amount of messages from counselors over a period of one week and had at least 7 days of contact with the service over the entire data collection period. Chi-square-tests and Mann-Whitney-U tests were conducted to identify differences between frequent users and the population of all users. ResultsIn total, n = 99 (1.5 %) users met the definition for frequent chatters and accounted for roughly a tenth (9.85 %) of all chats of the service. The mean frequent chatter was 17 years old (M = 17.29, SD = 3.56), female (n = 78, 82.1 %), and approached the service in the late afternoon (M = 5:00 pm, SD = 5:25 h). Compared to the general user population, frequent chatters reported significantly more severe concerns to counselors, of which 81.8 % included psychiatric symptoms, such as suicidality (43.4 %) and non-suicidal self-injury (41.4 %). In addition, frequent chatters were significantly more likely to contact krisenchat alongside the use of other professional help services. Further, frequent chatters wrote significantly longer and more messages during the counseling process and within a session than the general user population of krisenchat. Compared to the general user population, frequent chatters did not differ in their satisfaction with the service. ConclusionFrequent users are known from telephone helplines and are also represented in a chat-based context. Compared to the general user population, they are more likely to report serious mental health conditions and half of them currently receive professional help, suggesting a high need for social support. In light of the increasing development of chat-based helplines, there is a need for further research on frequent chatters to develop tailored counseling strategies for their needs and to analyze options for an optimized service provision. Study registrationDRKS00026671

To Assess the Effect of Hospitalization on Adult Patients’ Mental Health

Based on the analysis and findings of this research, it can be concluded that hospitalization can have a significant impact on adult patients’ mental health. The results indicate that hospitalization was associated with increased levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among adult patients. This suggests that hospitalization can be a stressful and emotionally challenging experience for many patients. Additionally, the study found that the length of hospitalization was a significant factor in predicting the severity of mental health symptoms. Patients who had longer hospital stays tended to report higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress during their stay period and even after discharge. These findings highlight the importance of providing psychological support and counseling services to patients during and after hospitalization. Therefore, the healthcare system should prioritize mental health care for hospitalized patients to help them cope with emotional and psychological stress of hospitalization. Future research in this area could explore the effectiveness of different interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction or cognitive-behavioral therapy in mitigating the negative mental health effects of hospitalization. Overall, the results of this study add to the growing body of research on the importance of mental health care in the hospital setting.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health among Students Seeking Psychological Counseling Services.

Recent years have seen a marked rise in the number of students accessing University Psychological Counseling (UPC) services, and their concerns have been increasingly severe. This study aimed to examine the impact of cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental health in students who had approached counseling services (N = 121) and students who had no experience with counseling services (N = 255). Participants completed an anonymous online self-report questionnaire measuring exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE-Q), psychological distress (General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), personality traits (PID-5), and coping strategies. We found that students who approached UPC services scored higher on cumulative ACEs than the non-counseling group. While ACE-Q score was a direct positive predictor of PHQ-9 (p < 0.001), it did not predict GAD-7. Moreover, the results supported the existence of a mediation effect of avoidance coping, detachment, and psychoticism on the indirect effects of ACE-Q score on PHQ-9 or GAD-7. These results underlined the importance of screening for ACEs in a UPC setting because it can help identify students at higher risk for developing mental and physical health problems and provide them with early interventions and support.

The Impact of a Messenger-Based Psychosocial Chat Counseling Service on Further Help-Seeking Among Children and Young Adults: Longitudinal Study

Mental crises have high prevalences in adolescence. Early interventions appear to be highly important to diminish the risk of the deterioration, recurrence, or chronification of symptoms. In recent years, various providers have started offering live chat support in psychological crises. The messenger-based psychological counseling service krisenchat aims to support young people in crises and, if necessary, provide a recommendation for a referral to the health care system or to seek further help from a trusted adult person. This study aimed to investigate the impact of using the counseling service of krisenchat on the further help-seeking behavior of young people, and to identify associated factors of further help-seeking. This longitudinal study analyzed anonymous data from 247 individuals who used krisenchat between October 2021 and March 2022, and received a recommendation for further help-seeking. An online survey directly after the chat assessed the perceived helpfulness of the chat and well-being after the chat. After 4 weeks, further help-seeking, facilitators and barriers to help-seeking, and self-efficacy were assessed in an online follow-up survey. The most frequently recommended services or persons to seek further help from included a psychotherapist or social psychiatric service (75/225, 33.3%), a school psychologist or school social worker (52/225, 23.1%), and the user's parents (45/225, 20.0%). Of the 247 users, 120 (48.6%) indicated that they contacted the recommended service or person, and of these, 87 (72.5%) stated that they already had an appointment (or talk) with the respective service or person or that an appointment (or talk) was scheduled. The most frequently reported facilitators for further help-seeking were mental health literacy (54/120, 45.0%), improvement of self-efficacy (55/120, 45.8%), and symptom recognition (40/120, 33.3%). In users not displaying further help-seeking behavior, the most frequent barriers included stigmatization (60/127, 47.2%), lack of mental health literacy (59/127, 46.5%), need for self-reliance and autonomy (53/127, 41.7%), and negative family beliefs regarding help services (53/127, 41.7%). Subgroup comparisons indicated significantly higher levels of self-efficacy in users displaying further help-seeking behavior than in those not displaying further help-seeking behavior. Both subgroups did not differ in gender, age, recommended service or person, chat topics, perceived helpfulness, and well-being. The findings of this study indicate that children and young adults receiving counseling on krisenchat benefit in terms of seeking further help. Further help-seeking seems to be associated with higher levels of self-efficacy. Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00026671; https://tinyurl.com/4fm5xe68.

Evaluation of the Problems of Guidance and Psychological Counseling Services in Basic Education: A Meta-Synthesis Study

Bu çalışmada temel eğitimde rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinde yaşanan sorunların meta-sentez yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda ‘psikolojik danışmada sorunlar’, ‘ilkokulda rehberlik hizmetleri’, ‘ilkokulda rehberlik hizmetleri sorunları’, ‘okul öncesinde rehberlik hizmetleri sorunları’, ‘okul öncesi eğitimde rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetleri sorunları’, ‘ortaokulda rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetleri sorunları’ ‘rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetleri’, ‘rehberlik servisi’, ‘rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetleri’, ‘temel eğitimde rehberlik sorunları’ anahtar sözcükleri ile Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Google Akademik, TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM (Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi) Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Veri Tabanında tarama yapılmıştır. Taramalar sonucunda araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 27 makale, 8 yüksek lisans tezi ve 1 bildiri çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada meta-sentez yöntemi kullanılmış ve elde edilen veriler tümevarımsal içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler doğrultusunda ana temalar, temalar, kodlar ve sorunlara ilişkin frekans tabloları oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına bakıldığında temel eğitimde rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinde yaşanan sorunlar altı başlıkta ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda sistem sorunları, iş birliği ile ilgili sorunlar, rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma servisi görev ve sorumlulukları, rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinin işlevi, psikolojik danışman kaynaklı sorunlar ve fiziki koşullar temaları başlığı altında değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında en çok frekansa sahip sorun alanının sistem sorunları olduğu, en az sorun alanının da fiziki koşullar olduğu saptanmıştır.

Pattern of access, early predictors of use, and treatment effectiveness of a psychological counselling service for medical students: an Italian longitudinal study

ABSTRACT Psychological counselling represents sensitive frontline services for the detection and treatment of early signs of distress in students. This study aims to assess psychological distress in medical students at the beginning of their academic career and the access rate to a counselling service during medical school. Predictors of access to the service and the effectiveness of the service were also explored. Distress and emotional dysregulation were measured in three consecutive cohorts of first-year students (n = 385, 53% female). Students accessing the counselling service at any time during the 6 years of medical school all completed the same baseline measurements and a pre/post assessment of the intervention. Nearly one-third of first-year students reported levels of distress above the clinical cutoff. The access rate to the counselling service was 13.9%. Only 21% of the students with clinical levels of distress contacted the counselling service. Living alone and having high distress at the beginning of the medical course were the main predictors of access to the service. Students reported a significant reduction of distress and dysregulation after counselling interventions. More efforts are needed to develop effective tools for identifying and tracking medical students in psychological hardship and to increase their willingness to attend the counselling services.

Videoconferencing analytic psychodrama in treating young adults' psychological suffering: preliminary results.

The study aims to explore the effects that videoconferencing Analytic Psychodrama (AP) has on the psychological wellbeing and emotional competence of young adults who are suffering from mental health problems. Twenty-two undergraduate students, asking for help at the Psychological Counselling Service of the University of Bologna for anxiety-depressive problems, took part in the three online groups that met weekly from October 2020 to July 2021. The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure, the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Group Climate Questionnaire were used as test-retest questionnaires for clinical outcomes, emotional competence, and group climate evaluations. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and 10-month scores for patients in clinical outcomes. Alexithymia significantly decreased and emotional intelligence and group engagement increased post-intervention. Videoconferencing AP sounds promising for alleviating psychological problems and to improve young adults' emotional competence.

Lessons from the stigma of COVID-19 survivors: A Marxist criticism appraisal.

Stigma refers to devalued stereotypes that create barriers for stigmatized individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the stigmatization of survivors worsened existing inequalities and triggered mass hysteria. The paper delves into the stigmatization experienced by COVID-19 survivors and the role of Marxist criticism in analyzing this issue. The main findings from the empiricist tradition approach suggest that the perception of COVID-19 stigma is higher among those who are older, belong to ethnic minorities, lack social support, have manual occupations, and possess lower levels of education. The proposed destigmatization pathways include psychological counseling services, social support, and health education. Employing a Marxist perspective can aid in illuminating how economic practices and material conditions influence prevalent ideologies related to stigma. The stigmatization of COVID-19 survivors may be perceived as a consequence of social power inequality, although the current emphasis on individual characteristics as triggers for stigma may neglect the wider systemic forces in operation. Thus, it's crucial to establish improved social care policies to combat exploitation and oppression due to power imbalances. The ultimate objective of such an examination is to identify effective approaches to tackle and eradicate stigma regarding health-related concerns. An interdisciplinary approach integrating a pluralistic perspective would benefit investigating how social systems and individual attributes contribute to the exacerbation of social inequality and stigmatization.

Trends in the availability of community-based psychological counselling services for oldest-old in China, 2005 to 2018

BackgroundCommunity-based psychological counselling services (CPCS) is crucial for the oldest-old who often faces challenges or are reluctant to seek care at the healthcare settings. This study aims to examine trends in availability of CPCS over time and rural-urban disparities in service availability among nationwide oldest-old in China. MethodsMultiple cross-sectional data were derived from the 2005–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey. Service availability was reported by each oldest-old participant or their next-of-kins as having CPCS in one's neighborhood. We used Cochran-Armitage tests to estimate service availability trends and applied sample-weighted logistic regression models to examine its rural-urban disparities. ResultsOf 38,032 oldest-old, CPCS availability decreased from 6.7 % in 2005 to 4.8 % in 2008/2009, followed by continual increases to 13.6 % in 2017/2018. In 2017/2018, rural oldest-old's neighborhoods had no greater service availability. Oldest-old residing in the Central (6.7 %), Western (13.4 %) and Northeast China (8.1 %) were less likely to report having services locally than their Eastern counterparts (17.8 %). Oldest-old having any disability or living in the nursing homes reported having greater service availability than those without disability or living at home. LimitationService availability might have been disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. ConclusionsDespite the increasing service availability, as of 2017/2018, only 13.6 % oldest-old in China had reported CPCS availability. It raises concerns on the disproportionate access to and continuity of mental health care, especially for those living the Central, Western China and those living at home. Policy efforts are needed to incentivize service expansion and eliminate disparities in the service availability.

Analysis of the anxiety level and influencing factors during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic among the parents of students in China.

Due to the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019, there has been a significant impact on the mental health of parents. However, no detailed study on the mental health status of parents has been conducted to date. This study was a cross-sectional used a whole-group random sampling method to conduct an online questionnaire survey with 102,883 parents in Guangdong Province, China, April 25, 2020 and May 14, 2020. Anxiety was assessed by using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder tool (GAD-7). Potential factors of anxiety were estimated using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis by SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Among the total 94,705 parents who have completed the questionnaire survey (92.05% response rate). The incidence of anxiety was 23.77%. Parents' anxiety symptoms are more likely to be caused by female family roles, higher levels of education, unemployed or jobless employment status, children not being an only child, and children having negative attitudes toward online courses. Our research shows that most parents experienced mild anxiety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 epidemic. Our findings provide strong evidence for investigating and focusing on the mental health of this population during the COVID-19 epidemic. Therefore, governments and healthcare departments at all levels should actively provide psychological counseling services to relieve their anxiety symptoms.