Psychological Content Research Articles

Art psychotherapy and public health

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the role of art psychotherapy as a biopsychosocial approach to bodymind medicine in ameliorating the effects of psychophysical stress among people with non-metastatic cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), post-surgical resection. Study designMixed methods. MethodsThis study followed a mixed-methods research design, utilising qualitative data gained from a 6-month weekly group art therapy intervention, including both the images made and explored during the 3-h sessions and the accompanying narratives. The narratives were the subject of thematic analysis. The quantitative data arose from ELISA assays for secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and secretory interferon-γ (S-IFN- γ), DTH (PPD) tests were delivered at timepoints t0, t1, t5, t13, t24 and t52, and questionnaires were delivered at t0, t24 and t52: MAC, HAD, COPE & EORTC-QLQ-C-30. ResultsThe findings of this study included themes of ‘otherness’ and ‘isolation’, which also preceded diagnosis, and an upward trend in S-IgA, which continued over time. ConclusionsThis study found that art psychotherapy promotes enhanced immunological function, coping skills and interpersonal relations. Positive psychoneuroimmunological change can result from group art psychotherapy, facilitating integration of psychological content in a supportive and interactive environment, which improves quality of life, thereby reducing the public health burden.

Stepwise approach for full mouth rehabilitation of worn dentition: A case report

Severely worn teeth can affect the aesthetics and functions adversely. Rehabilitation in such cases not only restores functional and physiological harmony but also provides psychological contentment to the patient. Wearing of teeth is very common phenomenon and can occur due to mechanical or biochemical reasons. This case report describes treatment protocol for a 62-year-old female with severely worn-out dentition, partial edentulism and lost anterior guidance. A fixed permanent restoration of the occlusion was planned with appropriate planning and analysis. Pankey Mann Schuyler philosophy was used to rehabilitate occlusion. First anterior rehabilitation was carried out, later the posterior plane analysis and rehabilitation was done. This report presents how worn-out dentition can be rehabilitated to improve aesthetics and function leading to improved quality of life.

Piano Trio by Amanda Maier in the Context of Genre Evolution

The relevance of the study. The name of Swedish composer and violin virtuoso of the Romantic era Amanda Maier-Röntgen is virtually unknown in Ukrainian musicology. Her work was forgotten for long time and rediscovered by European (particulary Swedish) and American musicians. But at one time she was the first woman who received the title of “Musik Direktor” after graduating from the Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm. She also perfected her performing and composing mastership in Leipzig, her work was praised by critics and leading European musicians: E. Grieg, J. Brahms, K. Schumann, with whom A. Maier maintained creative contacts. Existing research in European and American musicology considers basically only biography and performing activity of A. Maier, not her composer style or genre-stylistic and compositional features of her works. The main objective of the research is to consider the stylistic parameters in chamber music works by A. Maier, in particular, her interpretation of the piano trio genre. The methodology of the study is based on the main methods of music science: compositional, harmonic, polyphonic, intonation genre-stylistic analysis, historical-comparative method. The main findings and conclusions of the study. The Trio in E flat major by A. Maier embodies both the most characteristic features of this genre that have developed in the works of classical composers, and the achievements of Romantic composers of the Austrian-German school of the first half of the nineteenth century, and the latter have priority in this work. Continuity with classical traditions can be traced in the four-part structure of the cycle, which has become typical for the trio genre, beginning with the works by L. van Beethoven; in specific techniques of ensemble writing (unison presentation of the initial theme with all instruments, dialogicity — comparison of the sound of ensemble tutti and solo piano; elements of imitation in strings part; polyphonic work with themes in development). Fundamental role of lyrics, reliance on the song and romance intonations, the kinship of themes within each of the parts, end-to-end thematic development, and thematic arches between the movements in composer thinking of A. Maier comes from Romanticism. Among the individual features inherent in the Trio A. Maier — laconic composition, plasticity of melodic lines, exceptional fluidity and coherence of form, which is achieved due to intonational similarity of the themes, openness of the syntactic structures or veiling of the cadences, organicity of the modulation transitions; dynamism of the developing sections. Also, some melodic and harmonic elements of the Trio (for example, in the themes of the middle sections of Scherzo and Andante) hint at the Scandinavian national folklore. Amanda Mayer's trio represents the best achievements of the romantic stage in the evolution of the genre: your embodiment of classical traditions together with the disclosure of personal lyrical and psychological content.

Effectively Integrating a Diversity Focused Pedagogy into a Social Psychology Course

A number of faculty who teach psychology courses opt out of addressing diversity-centered content out of discomfort or glaze over this material, ultimately creating content which does not relate to increasingly diverse student bodies (Boysen, 2011; Ocampo et al., 2003). The present study examines the effectiveness and impact of utilizing a pedagogy grounded in a theory of diversity/social justice with respect to learning outcomes. The study also explores whether faculty’s teaching experience impacts student’s understanding and application of diversity focused content. Three raters categorized and coded assignment data from two course sections, containing a total of 786 undergraduate respondents. Students applied more content from diversity-centered chapters to their papers and final project. Additionally, the rate at which students applied diversity-focused concepts to assignments did not differ by instructor’s teaching experience. Findings indicate that students overwhelming resonate with diversity centered content and choose to relay constructs which align with a diversity-centered, socially just pedagogy over general social psychology content. Our findings also suggest that a diversity-driven curriculum can be effectively implemented in the classroom and received by students, regardless of prior teaching experience or exposure.

Preservation and popularization of traditional musicin the era of globalization

The article deals with the preservation and popularization of traditional music in the context of globalization. There are ethno-folklore groups that have emerged in accordance with modern requirements, new concepts, trends, styles and genres.For the analysis, which reveals the fundamental principles of traditional music, the folk song “Karakoz” and the folk kyu “Aida, bylpym!” Were chosen. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors necessary for the preservation and "promotion" of traditional music in the era of globalization, through the determination of the value and significance of contemporary works.The performed musical analysis of the song confirmed the high qualities of its emotional and psychological content, cantilena, necessary for the performance of skill and in general the level that meets the criteria of professional composers of oral tradition.The analysis of the characteristics of the composition, intonation and rhythmic language of the kyuy “Ayda, bylpym!” Confirmed the special significance of this work in the repertoire of performers, the work of composers and the educational sphere.It is well known that folk music reflects “national ideology”, “national language”, “national mentality” and “national code”; in the era of globalization, in the process of modernization of traditional music, it is possible to preserve the “national code”.

Influence of the quality of education on social and labour relations in the country

Introduction. Transition of the education system to the new state standards defined social order to the teacher: ensure that each student achieves learning results of such quality level which corresponds with the requirements of society. This goal achievement will require significant changes in the field of professional teaching activity, development of new relevant approaches. Teachers’ experience of classes organization in different educational institutions in the framework of their upskilling and retraining in the Institute of Teacher Career Development (Moscow, Russia) shows that their professional activities and the didactic materials used do not adequately implement the psychological patterns of the educational process. They do not adequately implement the processes of mastering and formation of students’ mental actions and concepts, thinking activity; and the teaching and learning activity of the students do not correspond to its psychological structure and content. Teachers reduce the meaning and content of their activity to explaining the material, transferring the «finished» knowledge to the student and demonstrating methods of solving practical problems in a specific domain in the form of samples or algorithms. At that, the emphasis is largely laid on hereditary and individual capabilities of educational process subjects, rather than on universal psychological mechanisms of social experience adoption process. Despite all attempts to optimize the educational process, educational institutions graduates’ proficiency level varies. The adoption of the Russian federal target program of education development for 2016-2020 meets the requirements of modern innovative socially oriented development of the Russian Federation. It highlighted the problem of educational process theory and its organization practice failure to solve the problem of quality education inavailability for each learner. The researches of foreign authors in the field of education conducted over the past 20 years give the priority to the problem of providing quality educational results by the teacher, the solution of which is directly related to the development of his or her professional activity, new educational technologies and courseware for the educational process. The purpose of this work is to assess the impact of the quality of education on the economic development of the country in social and labour relations. Results. The conducted research allows us to confirm that changes in the state of development of social and labour relations in the national economy in the direction of improvement or degradation are due to a number of factors of macroeconomic, demographic and migration nature and indicators of the education sector effectiveness. At the same time, educational factors both in aggregate in the form of an integral indicator (for the 3rd block of factors), and separately (for indicators: trained (graduated) qualified workers and university graduates, the share of employed graduates of technical education institutions and universities financing education by the public sector) have a direct significant relationship. Conclusions. The study confirms that the changes in the development of social and industrial relations in the national economy towards improvement or degradation are caused by a number of macroeconomic, demographic and migration background factors and indicators of the effectiveness of the education sector. Factors such as educational-related in the form of an integral indicator, as well as separately have direct significant relationship.

Psychological Content of the Problem on the Growth of Pupils as the Subjects of Studying Process

The purpose of our research is to provide the experiment at secondary school with the aim to establish the degree of the development of pupils as Subjects of cognitive activity based on the analysis of the content of internal communication between schoolchildren and novels at different stages of understanding its content in situations of solving discursive creative tasks in a diverse literary and personal environment. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. As the experimental method we used author’s methodology «A questionnaire for schoolchildren». The results of the research. We have to note that all levels of the Subject’s positions are concentrated in one person. Also we assume that depending on pupils’ activity, the individual manifests himself / herself functionally at one level or another one by his / her own subjectivity, remaining structurally at a certain level of spirituality. Subjectivity as a tendency to reproduce, to create oneself in appropriate and sometimes unfavorable conditions, is a universal characteristic of a person. Man’s own activity is qualitatively transformed at each stage of ontogenesis, its role in mental development increases at the time of mental generation. Subjectivity does not arise suddenly and is not introduced from outside, it is a genetic consequence of the transformation of lower forms into higher ones due to the self-development of the subjective principle of a person who actively interacts with the outside world. In this case, the social environment of the individual as a subject of activity plays an adequate role of external factors, conditions, but not determinants, which do not cause a mental development of the Subject. Conclusions. Thus, the subject of mental activity can be considered as the individual if the object for him / her is his / her own psyche in its functioning and development; the regulation of the development processes is carried out by the Subject himself / herself, and not by any external forces, both on the conscious and unconscious levels (in the direction from what is not realized to what is increasingly realized with the transition of learned forms of self-regulation to subconscious levels). The Subject of mental activity provides individual acts only by the conditions of the development of own Subjective structures and building of the corresponding potentialities. In such a way, we think, that mature subject of mental activity will be characterized by such needs and abilities: 1) «goal-setting» of pupils’ mental self-development as a regulators of this process; 2) providing «choice», «finding», «production» of psychological means which are necessary to achieve this goal; 3) «decision-making» about when and under what conditions the goal can be achieved by selected means to the maximum extent; 4) the implementation of decisions; 5) the «evaluation» of the results of implementation, the analysis of the causes of success and failure; 6) the «accumulation» of individual experience, the «fixation» of results and ways of the development of the psyche and the Subjective qualities of the person.

ANALYSIS OF THE INTERRELATION OF TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES AND MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

The article reveals the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and maladaptation of the subject. The psychological content, the essence of the concept of “psychotrauma” are substantiated, its influence on maladaptive behavior is revealed. The specifics of the psychological approach are described, which consists in the fact that in the experience of mental trauma the leading role is given to subjective factors: understanding of the situation by a person, attitude to it, interpretation of psycho-traumatic situations. It is noted that the individual’s perception of reality is formed on the basis of his previous infantile experience. An analysis of the deep psychological origins of maladaptation of the subject through the use of certain methods of active socio-psychological learning – a non-author’s drawing, a set of thematic psychodrawings. A scientific and generalizing analysis of fragments of the transcript of the work was performed with the help of a non-author’s drawing and thematic author’s psychodrawings, where the influence of traumatic childhood experiences on the protagonist’s psyche is objectified.
 On the basis of empirical material the main criteria, components of traumatic experiences of childhood as factors of maladaptation are revealed: infantile fixations which are shown in regressive forms of behavior, in particular in aggression, cruelty, hatred to all live, various kinds of dependence. It has been established that maladaptive behavior is associated with the loss of the subject’s own identity, which is manifested in rigidity, stereotypes of thinking and behavior, lack of creativity and underdevelopment of social-perceptual intelligence. The analyzed empirical material shows that destructive pedagogical influences can cause subject’s fixation on injuries.

Giving Up on Consciousness as the Ghost in the Machine

Consciousness as used here, refers to the private, subjective experience of being aware of our perceptions, thoughts, feelings, actions, memories (psychological contents) including the intimate experience of a unified self with the capacity to generate and control actions and psychological contents. This compelling, intuitive consciousness-centric account has, and continues to shape folk and scientific accounts of psychology and human behavior. Over the last 30 years, research from the cognitive neurosciences has challenged this intuitive social construct account when providing a neurocognitive architecture for a human psychology. Growing evidence suggests that the executive functions typically attributed to the experience of consciousness are carried out competently, backstage and outside subjective awareness by a myriad of fast, efficient non-conscious brain systems. While it remains unclear how and where the experience of consciousness is generated in the brain, we suggested that the traditional intuitive explanation that consciousness is causally efficacious is wrong-headed when providing a cognitive neuroscientific account of human psychology. Notwithstanding the compelling 1st-person experience (inside view) that convinces us that subjective awareness is the mental curator of our actions and thoughts, we argue that the best framework for building a scientific account is to be consistent with the biophysical causal dependency of prior neural processes. From a 3rd person perspective, (outside view), we propose that subjective awareness lacking causal influence, is (no more) than our experience of being aware, our awareness of our psychological content, knowing that we are aware, and the belief that that such experiences are evidence of an agentive capacity shared by others. While the human mind can be described as comprising both conscious and nonconscious aspects, both ultimately depend on neural process in the brain. In arguing for the counter-intuitive epiphenomenal perspective, we suggest that a scientific approach considers all mental aspects of mind including consciousness in terms of their underlying, preceding (causal) biological changes, in the realization that most brain processes are not accompanied by any discernible change in subjective awareness.

Forgiveness as a socio-psychological phenomenon

The article presents a detailed substantiation of topicality of studying the traditional pre-revolutionary and modern humanistic understanding of the socio-psychological phenomenon of “forgiveness”. The semantic, etymological, historical content of the process of formation of this concept is revealed. Moreover, important pedagogic aspects of its application in modern practice of spiritual and moral upbringing in Russian education are indicated. This article presents the results of an extensive analysis of religious, philosophical and scientific primary sources, revealing in different ways the semantic, pedagogical and psychological content of the concept of “forgivenessˮ in both Russian and foreign thinkers’ opinion. The author considers in detail the theoretical and practical aspects of the humanistic understanding of the phenomenon of “forgivenessˮ, she presented in the guidelines for the pedagogic programme of socio-emotional ethical education (SEEL).The article also analysed the differences in the understanding of “forgivenessˮ as a socio-psychological phenomenon in the works of Russian thinkers and Western scientists, who interpret this concept from different positions: altruistic and egocentric. The author points out that the moral upbringing of a person who can unselfishly forgive and love is possible only on condition of mastering real examples of such behaviour in a socially significant environment of the child. The author emphasises that the non-directive methods of modern upbringing, as a rule, do not contribute to the formation of the spiritual and moral sphere of the child's personality.

RETRACTED: Research on application design of online course education software based on design psychology

At present, with the rapid development of science and technology network and the continuous update of hardware facilities, the emergence of new interactive media, paper teaching materials have been gradually replaced by mobile online courses. In the design process of building online course products, we should not only pay attention to the text content of teaching, but also give students and teachers a good use experience through reasonable design based on the psychological factors of users, so as to meet the user's sensory experience. This paper will start from the basis of design psychology, analyze the content of product design psychology, and explore the interface design, function realization and sensory experience of online course education software. The research results of this paper are of great significance to online course design.

THE CONTENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE FOR FORCED MIGRANTS REGARDING THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE WORLD IMAGE VALUE-SEMANTIC COMPONENTS

Abstract. The article analyzes the psychological assistance content of migrants in the context of changing the world image value-semantic components. To understand the psychological conflicts that accompany migration processes, it is necessary to use an approach that, in contrast to the traditional understanding of the psyche in its regulatory function (as a reflection that adapts to new conditions) would see it as an important link in the mechanism of human self-organization that provides selective interaction with the outside world. Within the classical paradigm, the migration problem is interpreted as the forced migrants᾿ adaptation problem to the new socio-cultural environment, i.e. the homeostatic variant principle of human functioning in the new conditions is realized. The reflection paradigm realizes the view of the world as a "space for life", which must be mastered through the knowledge acquisition, skills, abilities, thinking ways, and experience gained by mankind. The psychologist acts in this case as a "teacher" and a model of a successful and adaptive lifestyle in the new socio-economic and cultural conditions. The contradiction in the case of forced migration is the contradiction between the established image of the world, the relevant behavioral patterns, and the effective implementation impossibility of these behavioral patterns in the new living conditions, which have not yet become conditions for the individual existence. A migrant needs psychological help in a case, when he lacks the self-organization resources to enter a new life way as a complex system features peculiar to this person of energy and material inherent features exchange with the new environment. The counseling process content is to organize assistance for a person in the transition of a person from homeostatic (adapting for a new environment ‒ here and now) to the future ‒ free, proactive human development in a new environment. To do this, the environment must be transformed into living conditions as soon as possible. As shown in the empirical research, the activation in the psychological period of clients᾿ mental activity counseling, aimed at reflecting on the value-semantic content of a new life way, contributes to the world image development.

A virtual reality-based intervention for surgical patients: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPain after surgery is normal, and treatments, including both pharmacological and psychological components, are fundamental for proper postoperative care. While several trials have investigated the analgesic effect of traditional non-pharmacological treatments, such as cognitive behavior therapies, the newer ways of delivering psychological interventions for pain after surgery are scarcely investigated. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to determine if delivering the psychological content through virtual reality (VR) along with the standard pharmacological treatment return better pain relief outcomes than standard care in adult patients following surgery.MethodsThis is a protocol of a parallel RCT conducted in one community hospital. In order to test the efficacy of VR environments for reducing pain intensity, in the following day after surgery, adults (18 to 65 years) will be randomly assigned to either (1) standard treatment after surgery (control group) or (2) VR based intervention along with standard treatment. It is intended that a minimum of 30 patients be recruited in each group. For estimating the intensity of pain, both self-report and physiological measures will be used. Repeated measures of pain outcomes will be taken before and after the intervention. Moreover, for allowing an in-depth investigation of the effect of VR environments, the primary outcome will be complemented with measures of the adverse effects, level of immersion, and level of presence in the VR environment.

Teoría no-posesiva del Yo y el problema del dualismo

This paper presents a defense of the no-ownership theory of the Self in respect to one of the criticism that Peter Strawson makes of this theory in his work Individuals. The criticism in question indicates that the no-ownership theory of the Self incurs in a dualistic approach, since the adscription of mental states is not made to the same entity of which it accounts for physical characteristics. The defence of the no-ownership theory of the Self is made by assuming certain notions of Wittgenstein's philosophy that concern third-person sentences with psychological content. In addition, a proposal is offered to resolve third-person sentences with psychological content from the context of the no-ownership theory.

Clinical and psychological aspects of insomnia associated with COVID-19 pandemic

Background. In addition to clinical, epidemiological, and political aspects, the pandemic situation has a clinical and psychological aspect, as long as the measures taken to counteract infection inevitably cause unusual living conditions for a large number of people. Stress experience is accompanied by changes in autonomic regulation and, as a result, a number of somatic shifts. Stress markers include sleep disorders, changes in appetite, gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, chest pain, dyspnea, body pain, dizziness, numbness, fluctuations in blood pressure, sleep disorders, panic attacks, depressive and suicidal tendencies.Objective. We suggested that resilience is the predictor of successful resolution of existential crisis from the point of view of maintaining mental and somatic health, as well as gaining experience of deep self-improvement, strengthening of personality and potential for coping with life difficulties. Resilience includes coping at all levels of functioning — physical, psychological, social and existential. The latter defines the perception of reality itself as a challenge of complexity that requires coping, and regulates resilience at all other levels. The indicator of sleep quality was used as an empirical criterion to evaluate coping with stress. It is both an indicator and an antistress resource for physical functioning. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that psychological content of resilience differs in subjects with moderate severity insomnia and with no sleep disturbances during pandemic period.Design and methods. To evaluate this hypothesis during the period of self-isolation in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020), an empirical study was carried out on a randomized sample of 93 subjects using clinical and psychological scales.Results. This research resulted in the identification of differences in psychological content of resilience which reflect clinical and psychological characteristics in subjects with moderate severity insomnia and with normal sleep during the pandemic. The psychological content of resilience in respondents without sleep disturbances during the pandemic can be considered as complex and mature mechanisms of personality self regulation that allow of maintaining mental and somatic health, efficiency, ability to develop. Identified features can be used as psychotherapeutic targets in patients at different stages of exposure to stress factors.

A Thousand Flowers on the Road to Epistemic Anarchy: Comments on Chakravartty's Scientific Ontology

ABSTRACTI introduce the symposium on Anjan Chakravartty's Scientific Ontology by summarizing the book's main claims. In my commentary, I first challenge Chakravartty's claim that naturalized metaphysics cannot be indexed to science simpliciter. Second, I argue that there are objective truths regarding what conduces to particular epistemic aims, and that Chakravartty is therefore too permissive regarding epistemic stances and their resultant ontologies. Third, I argue that it is unclear what stops epistemic stances from having unlimited influence. Finally, I argue that Chakravartty's epistemic stance voluntarism is inadequately motivated and lacks empirical support for its psychological content.

Psychological Dimension and Relevance of Nigerian Educational Policies: Parent’s Perceptual Approach

The paper explored the depth of psychological content that can be found in the Nigerian educational policies formulated over the years, and its relationship with their relevance to the needs of the people. To ascertain this parental responses of how they perceived the effectiveness of each of the educational policies they have witnessed from the colonial days to the presence were obtained. Parents who were between 55 years and 80 years were used in the study. Sample size was three thousand, two hundred and sixteen parents. They were to complete a rating scale entitled Educational Policy Psychological Rating Scale (EPPRS). Reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.76. Being historical in design, data was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that the psychological contents (dimensions) of all the educational policies formulated so far in the country was low (Mean points < 50) and that the Pre-independence Educational Policy had the highest psychological elements (MP > 50). The psychological dimension as provided for in most of the Nigerian educational policies is grossly inadequate for policy effectiveness. It was further discovered that those educational policies that possessed low psychological background (dimension) also had lowered degree of relevance in addressing the needs of the people. Since psychological dimensions closely impinges on policy relevance, it was recommended among others that one of the emphases in developing educational policy is the provision of a rich psychological background in the policy.

Functioning and development of conscious ability in communication, play, artistic activity

A necessary condition for the existence of conscious ability in the way of correlative correlation between the planes of mental acts (noesis) and content-meanings (noema) – is an activity. Despite the communicative content of other activities, there is actually a communicative activity – communication, the leading motive of which is communication itself. Psychological and physical contact with the object of such communication is a self-sufficient goal for the subject. The emotional-dispositional basis of his motivation is all kinds of love and amicability. Deprivation of communication causes serious damage to the mental health of almost all people. Therefore, communication is a basic condition and a way of normal functioning of human conscious ability, the main factor of mental development of speech as a basis for this ability of infants and young children, who desperately need communication, full of expressive manifestations of love and tenderness. Children, who suffer from the deprivation of such communication, noticeably lag behind in development: their own speech and understanding of what is addressed to them, intelligence, self-awareness, adequate emotionality, social activity and adaptability. Mechanisms of social-psychological interaction are gradually “connected” to the process of intuitive “interiorization” of infants and young children, the essence of which is that in the noems of the subject’s conscious ability, the attitude to him, to other people, to the world of authoritative and referent for him individuals and groups is reflected. The most powerful subjective factor of the effectiveness of a child’s personal development is authentic activity through the volitional effort required to follow the rules of the game that attracts and captures it. Children benevolently accept the restrictions required by the rules of the game and are happy to follow them, because these are the conditions for testing their mental and somatic life potential, because in the process of the game «play» the vital forces of the child that please her. Such pleasure is the emotional-motivational basis of any real game and the deep foundation of the psychological affinity of game self-limitation and self-overcoming with the morality and spirituality of a personality, and thus a subjective factor in the development of his spiritual-moral conscious ability. At the same time, its aesthetic sensitivity develops due to the fact that the rules of the game form the harmonious system that gives the aesthetic impression of the beauty of the game. The deep basis of motivation of artistic-figurative activity (creation and perception of works of art) is a secret human desire – freedom of spirit, liberation from the shackles of its biological and social “handcuff”. Therefore, the ideological-emotional core of the images of high art is the freedom-loving human spirit, which is subject to the urges caused by the biological nature of human and social taboos and imperatives that oppress him. In the process of artistic-figurative activity, the subject empathically identifies with the struggles of the spirit of the art works’ heroes. These empathic shifts of one’s own spiritual-moral ability delight the subject, who develops the emotional-dispositional foundations of corresponding noems of his conscious ability. Cognition requires a serious attitude and hard work, which is most motivated by interest in its content. An effective way of such interest is the game psychological content of teaching. In general, the question of including the game into cognitive activity makes sense only as a fulfillment of the learning process with game psychological content. To organically combine the hard efforts of students, which requires knowledge and assimilation of scientific truths and spiritual values with game attractiveness - is not easy, but possible, especially concerning subjects of artistic-aesthetic cycle due to the semantic affinity of motivation of game and artistic-figurative activities. A necessary condition for the humanistic mission of sport is that it must be a noble competition, that is, a real game.

Психологическое содержание факторной структуры родительской толерантности

The article deals with the actual problem of parental tolerance as a systemic phenomenon and one of the important components of parenthood. The study is devoted to identifying the features of the psychological content of parental tolerance in the upbringing of preschool and primary school children (childhood age). The novelty of the methodology lies in the application of a system-activity approach, as well as the use of a number of author’s methods. Results: the psychological content of parental tolerance in relation to children raised in childhood characterizes a tolerant parent with the inherent awareness of parenthood, the formation of positive parental feelings and relationships, and effective communicative tolerance and a democratic style of family education. However, there are some intolerant tendencies in its content. The emotional component is leading in the structure of parental tolerance of fathers and mothers of preschool and primary school children. The parental tolerance of fathers and mothers has similarities and differences. It is concluded that the features of parental tolerance are determined by the age of children. The psychological content, composition and ratio of components of the structure of parental tolerance of fathers and mothers are identical. However, the severity of their manifestations varies, due to the gender-role specifics of parenthood and the gender characteristics of parents.

Walking experience: Exploring the trilateral interrelation of walkability, temporal perception, and urban ambiance

Walking experience through urban spaces is a frequent daily activity. Thus, planning and designing for walkability become crucial for building up quality of life. Our daily walks around the city are affected by fulfilling the needed psychological contentment that is in turn measured unconsciously by our temporal perception. This contentment is inherent in what we experience in accordance with urban ambiance that goes beyond the spatial attributes of spaces to include their social and sensorial dimensions. Thus, the question here is how walkability of urban routes is affected by urban ambiance and therefore perceived in terms of time. Therefore, this study aims to understate the trilateral interrelation of walkability, temporal perception, and urban ambiance in walkable routes for daily routine use. This work depends on an experimental study where participants are asked to walk along two selected routes. Data-gathering tools rely on documenting the lived experience of the target group via reporting their trips and answering a questionnaire. Pattern analysis demonstrates this trilateral interrelation to clarify the interplay. This study concludes specific qualities of walkable routes for routine use that reduce sense of time, which is highly crucial to be realized in such daily walk journeys.