Psychological Concepts Research Articles

The Relationship between Academic Support and Well-Being in Students through Mediation of Resilience

Background: Resilience is considered as one of the normal structures and concepts in positive psychology to better adjust to stressful situations and achieve well-being. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between academic support and academic well-being in students. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population comprised all high school studentsof Khorramabad city in the school year 2020-21, among which, 353 students were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. The research instruments included Academic Support Scale, Academic Well-Being Questionnaire, and Academic Resilience Inventory. Data were analyzed using the SEM technique. Results: There was a positive relationship between academic support and academic well-being (β=0.33; P<0.001) in the students. There was a direct relationship between academic resilience and academic well-being in the students (β=0.55; P<0.001). There was also a positive relationship between academic support and academic resilience in the students (β=0.23; P<0.001). Academic resilience had a mediating role in the relationship between academic support and academic well-being in high school students (P<0.001). Conclusion: Accordingly, the model had a good fit to the data. School principals and teachers should improve students’ well-being by increasing academic support and resilience.

"Strict Care" as the Basis of Educational and Psychocorrective Activities in Russian Penitentiary

The article presents the adaptation of the pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical approach based on the idea of "strict care". The authors prove the thesis about the need to actualize in the mental reality of individuals who have committed crimes a sense of belonging (community) and creative attitudes (first of all, towards healthy parenthood) as a basis for awakening conscience as opposed to malignant guilt and shame. This feeling, in turn, turns to a transcendent function that manifests itself during the spiritual development of the individual and the acquisition of meaning. The authors also present the idea of developing a program for the upbringing and personal development of women convicted for the first time for crimes of small and medium gravity. It is assumed that the implementation of the developed program will become the basis for a series of empirical studies. The scientific novelty of the research is in the synthesis of the domestic approach to education based on the experience of Anton Makarenko and the concept of individual psychology and pedagogy by Alfred Adler, as well as an existential approach equally applicable both in the field of pedagogy and psychology. This kind of synthesis allows us to reach a practice-oriented methodology and appropriate methods in educational and educational-psychological work on rehabilitation and personal development of women convicted of minor crimes and convicted for the first time. In case of practical success of the implementation of the relevant program, it can be extrapolated both to other categories of convicts, and, in the future, to the pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical co-education of persons suffering from PTSD.

An Empirical Approach of Positive Psychology Cap in Hospitality in Greece

The present paper aimed to highlight the need for the application of Positive Psychology in the hospitality industry of Greece to improve the competi-tiveness of the industry and the tourism sector overall. Thus, a literature re-view was conducted to present the concepts of Positive Psychology and Psychological Capital in the context of the tourism sector with more empha-sis on the Greek hospitality industry. In the international bibliography, there is a limitation in research made upon the topic of Psychological Capital in hospitality; thus, a great need emerges for further investigation and thorough research about the interlinking of Positive Psychology with the development of emerging skills, values, and thinking. That will lead to creating a compara-tive advantage on a business level but also a national level in an attempt to improve the services within the tourism sector. Positive psychology has not been applied in the hospitality sector within Greece and it is clearly a field that is needed to be explored in depth with further studies and research.

George Herbert Mead and Psychoanalysis

This article examines G.H. Mead’s critique of psychoanalysis, in order to show how it reflects the parallels with his own conception of social psychology. In showing that both Freud and Mead address the same issues of the redefinition of the psyche based on experimental psychology in their own theoretical entreprise, the analysis makes clear that Freud’s two topics (Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious; Superego, Ego, Id) and Mead’s theory of the Self (I, Me, Self) are closely related but nevertheless kept apart by fundamental oppositions. However, further explorations in Lacan’s reading of Freud help in seeing how close psychoanalysis and social psychology can be, by shifting attention to the distinction between unconscious and conscious communication. By addressing the issue of emotions in social life, a final look at the transformation of social norms shows how the confrontation between social psychology and psychoanalysis can be fruitful.

Междисциплинарный подход в современных исследованиях памяти

The study of memory in philosophy is associated with the search for answers to a wide range of questions that are detailed in different areas of scientific knowledge. In this regard, philosophers turn to the theoretical concepts of sociology, cultural studies, history, psychology, anthropology and other sciences. In Western philosophy, the study of memory has a long tradition based on the principle of rationality. Researchers have developed and continue to develop the terminological apparatus and tools necessary for the study of memory. Despite the accumulated experience of understanding memory, today there are many unresolved problems in Western philosophy, which the author proposes to study in this article within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach in the context of the perception of information disseminated by the media. This is very relevant in the context of globalization and the rapid development of information and communication technologies. The article substantiates that the study of memory in modern Western philosophy needs conceptualization, which is possible only within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of this phenomenon. The results of philosophers’ research should not be complex and often contradictory concepts, but complementary components of a single built-in system of knowledge about memory, in which there is a place for detailing memory research through the prism of different sciences. In the context of globalization, this will make it possible to exclude media manipulations aimed at replacing conceptual knowledge about memory for the sake of the opportunistic interests of political elites, as well as to take into account the existing advantages of the development of modern communication technologies that make it possible to spread the philosophical conceptualization of memory research in the society.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY

BASIC CONCEPTS OF ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ КЛАСИЧНОГО ПСИХОАНАЛІЗУ ТА ФІЛОСОФІЇ

The article examines the methodological aspects of psychoanalytic teaching. The relationship between psychoanalysis and philosophy is considered. An attempt is made to analyze the attitude to psychoanalysis in the system “myth – philosophy – science”. Explicated the main basic concepts of psychoanalytic teaching. The evolution of psychoanalytic views on human nature and development of his psyche is revealed. The criticism of psychoanalysis through the prism of different psychological and philosophical concepts is revealed. The influence of European philosophical thought on the formation of psychoanalysis is presented. Particular attention is paid to the critique of psychoanalysis by representatives of positivism and positivism. The focus is on the classical psychoanalysis of S. Freud and his followers and on the relationship between psychoanalysis and philosophy. It is shown that psychoanalytic concepts turn out to be the centre of attraction for philosophers of different worldview orientations, no matter how sharply and fundamentally they criticize certain psychoanalytic statements or, on the contrary, uncritically borrow the fundamental ideas of S. Freud. Psychoanalysis will continue providing the most exhaustive and clear insight into the human soul, stimulating research and understanding in many fields of human endeavour. Therefore, one of the most important tasks is to proceed with the further comprehension of the richest corpus of psychoanalytic ideas. The article considers psychoanalysis as a philosophical and ideological concept, attempts to describe the main elements of this teaching. The reconstruction of the problem field of psychoanalytic philosophy is made, which, thus, inscribes it in the historical and philosophical process, as one of its integral parts.

Проектное обучение и кейс-технологии: подготовка специалиста-агроинженера на курсе химии

The requirements for the level of theoretical and practical knowledge and skills of agricultural specialists are increasing every year. Chemical subjects form the basis of natural science education of future agricultural specialists. To improve the effectiveness of the educational process, the practice of teaching introduces many different teaching methods. The authors analyzed didactic opportunities of project-based learning and case technology n the context of methodological psychological and pedagogical concepts, in particular, the structure of activity and the logic of personality development. It is established that these methods used in the teaching of chemistry activate all the components of the structure of learning activity: cognitive, value-oriented, communicative, transformative, physical, and aesthetic. The article outlines the ways of using project-based learning and case technologies in the study of chemical subjects by agricultural engineering students. Given as an example is a case study on determining the quality of drinking water by titrimetric and potentiometric analysis methods and selection of a household filter for drinking water purification. The authors dwell on the methodology of performing tasks and define the criteria for evaluating the learning outcomes. Project-based learning and case technologies should meet a number of requirements, have a system of evaluation criteria, certain goals and practice-oriented task, which will enable and motivate students to solve practical problems in their future professional activities.

Zabluda u krivičnom pravu Republike Srbije

The paper presents the institution of mistake (error) in our criminal law, focusing on its legal regulation as a ground for exculpation. The fact that mistake is a psychological and legal concept whose meaning includes several substantial elements is acknowledged. The legal relevance of mistake contributes to its various treatment in legislation. Given that criminal law, as a branch of legislation, deeply engages with human rights, mistake becomes a crucial institution for excluding the guilt of a perpetrator. Depending on the type of mistake, and the legal and situational circumstances in which it is considered, two main categories can be recognized: mistake of fact (error facti) and mistake of law (error iuris). Their effect must be evaluated in the contest of a specific criminal case. This paper will elucidate the general term and types of mistakes, exploring their effects on the culpability of the perpetrator of the criminal act.

ЗРИТЕЛЬСКОЕ ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ОБРАЗА: ОТ СОЗНАТЕЛЬНОГО К БЕССОЗНАТЕЛЬНОМУ И ОБРАТНО

The author relies on psychological and philosophical concepts underlying the understanding and interpretation of fine art. This article is dedicated to a multifaceted analysis based on the psychological studies of the visual arts developed by renowned authorities such as Dui Tran Hoang Le, Paul Schrader, Julie C. Garlen, and Jennifer A. Sandlin. Based on these concepts, any work of fine art, be it a painting, a cartoon, or a stylized drawing, is considered a magic mirror that allows the viewer to look at the object from two different positions — internal and external, while also looking into themself. According to these psychological theories, a work of fine art is, in many ways, like such a mirror — a window into the inner world. Animation is the sharpest window, giving the most prominent and clear image, and the author gives insight into the historical background of such a unique and brilliant visual art form that has combined art with cinema for many generations. There is also emphasis placed on animation artists and aspiring animation-style artists whose practices are well-aligned with this skill that allows an art piece to enable deep reflection that allows an individual to look inward and then outward, and vice versa. These practitioners also utilize such a skill to convey the emotional background inherent in an art subject, which largely determines the perception of the creation by the viewer.

ENTREVISTA COM A PROFESSORA DRA. MARILDA GONÇALVES DIAS FACCI

ABSTRACT The interview carried out with the Brazilian Association of School and Educational Psychology - ABRAPEE president, PhD. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci, aimed to understand the path taken by the teacher in the School Psychology area, as well as the perspectives of this Psychology field, in light of Law 13. 935/2019, which includes psychologists and social workers in Education. The questions were formulated considering her history work; the achievements and challenges imposed on the field of Educational Psychology; the different areas of professional activity in this area; the challenges in regulating Law 13,935/2019; the psychological assessment conception, considering the Historical-Cultural theory and the current management’s projects for the future of ABRAPEE. The PhD. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci has had a notable role in the National Coordination aimed at regulating Law 13,935/2019 to implement the work of Psychology and Social Service professionals in Education, in all municipalities in the Brazilian states.

F. M. Wendt’s psychological and pedagogical concept of women’s education in the context of the problems of the modern gender theory formation

F. M. Wendt’s psychological and pedagogical concept of women’s education in the context of the problems of the modern gender theory formation

Kto, kogo i po co kołysze? Kołysanki rodzicielskie w kulturze polsko-żydowskiej przełomu XIX i XX wieku

Who Rocks Whom to Sleep and Why? Parental Lullabies in Polish-Jewish Culture at the Turn of 19th Century The purpose of this article is to analyze the communicative situation in selected Jewish and Polish-Jewish lullabies from the turn of the 20th century. The main criterion for the selection is the person of the speaking subject – successively a man and a woman, while the most important contexts of their statements include the role of the father and mother in the Jewish family, the way of coping with traumatic experiences and the absence of the partner, the subjectivity of the rocking person, and the national identity of the authors of the lullabies. The conclusion to be drawn from the analysis of the works is a change in the view of the lullaby function, which from a piece of trivial content intended to put children to sleep becomes a work that serves adults, with a clear self-therapeutic emphasis. Beyond poetological tools for text analysis, the work also includes references to psychological and musicological concepts, justified by the specifics of the research undertaken.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ВОЕННО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ МОТИВАЦИИ КУРСАНТОВ ВУЗОВ РОСГВАРДИИ

The authors describe the theoretical determinants of the problem of formation of military and professional motivation of the cadets of Military Institutes of Russian Guard. Descriptive and distributive methods allowed the authors to study certain psychological and pedagogical theories and concepts that will reveal all the aspects of the problem of formation of military and professional motivation of the cadets of Military Institutes of Russian Guard. The authors state that the theories of professional motivation and activity theories are the fundamental basis of the concept of military professional motivation of the cadets of Military Institutes of Russian Guard. The analysis of the theories of professional motivation enabled authors to draw the following conclusions: when developing the methodological basis for the concept of formation of military and professional motivation of the cadets of Military Institutes of Russian Guard one should rely on the key provisions of various theories that can be applied within the framework of this study; in its current form, theories of professional motivation are not applicable to the personality of cadets of the Russian Guard, since they do not take into account the specifics of their future military professional activity; the problem of the formation of professional motivation of the cadets of Military Institutes of Russian Guard needs time to be solved, it must be tackled taking into account the changing social and economic conditions, and the dynamically transforming values of cadets. The analysis of the activity theories allowed to conclude: through activity, cadets acquire military professional experience, knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to form military and professional motivation; the process of formation of motivation of the cadets of Military Institutes of Russian Guard is implemented in all types of activities (cognitive, educational, labor, military-professional, etc.). The authors offered a classification of military-professional and non-professional motives.

Modern Concepts of Psychology: Evolution of Understanding the Logic of their Organization

A post-nonclassical methodology was used, within which simple, complex, self-developing systems are considered. In accordance with the methodology, the system of concepts is considered as a set of autonomous terms, on the basis of which theories are constructed, which are part of the semiotic space of their authors. Semiotic space as a microcosm of individual meanings and meanings, formed in the process of life, serves as a model of the world, an instrument of self-organization of the subject, and a potential mechanism for joint development. Considering that the mental organization of the researcher and the organization of his social context are interdependent and linked by circular causality, the complexity of their organization turns out to be conjugate. The same principle applies to the collective subject of science. Science as a social institution of society reproduces the complexity of the organization of society, and the complexity of the mental instrument of scientists becomes associated with the complexity of the organization of their scientific community and the problems of society that it solves. In the history of science, there is an evolution of basic metaphors for understanding scientific knowledge from an archive of knowledge and a network tool for researchers to a quantum compass, which indicates the directions of development of society based on joint activities in building the future, suggesting the possibility of its self-development in this process. The system of concepts as a fragment of the mental tool of researchers in understanding its development reproduces the logic of the evolution of scientific knowledge. Understanding the organization of a system of concepts, depending on the methodology of researchers, is transformed from the classification of concepts to their system-network organization, and from them to the hypertext of a self-developing collective subject of science.

On the quest for disciplinary unity and the virtues of open concepts

One key strategy for unifying the discipline of psychology is to develop a meta-theoretical framework through the advancement of core concepts.  Rather than having these be strictly defined from the outset, this commentary argues for the utility of open-ended concepts for scientific advancement. This is illustrated with a brief historical review and current status of Prägnanz, assimiliation-accommodation, schema, liminality and mediation, which also show the difficulties on finding core concepts for psychology as a whole. Open-ended concepts may be useful here in that they can help to bring together converging lines of research from different approaches within psychology. Finally, a case is made for mediationas a core concept that is currently converging with notions of extended and distributed cognition. 

To the Problem of Creating a System-Network Psychological Thesaurus in the Context of Metamodern

The presented article is devoted to the problem of developing a system-network organization of modern concepts of psychology, presented in a series of articles by A.L. Zhuravleva and E.A. Sergienko. The importance of the new approach for the integration of psychological knowledge is emphasized. We analyze the concept of mapping psychic reality presented by the authors from the perspective of the three principles of metamodern. The principles of non-exclusion, holarchic association, inclusion of the subject and the primacy of social practices make it possible to consistently combine the largest number of research positions. We discuss the introduction of new “over-integrated” concepts of individual and collective subjects, which demonstrate, along with “umbrella” concepts, the optimal combination of network and hierarchical approaches. The author notes that the optics of the proposed organization of the conceptual system allows you to take a fresh look at both the known classes of mental phenomena and highlight previously unknown ones. Our main thesis is that the system-network model, while maintaining the principle of historical continuity, has all necessary and sufficient integration qualities.

Bibliometric Analysis of the Three-Volume Labor “Development of the Concepts of Modern Psychology” (2018–2021)

The article presents a bibliometric analysis of the concepts analyzed by scientists from the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and disclosed in three volumes of the work “Development of modern concepts of psychology” (2018, 2019 and 2021). The generalization carried out for all the presented concepts made it possible to put forward a hypothesis about the existence of metaconcepts — the subject and the collective subject, which pull together the network organization of conceptual fields, setting the architecture of their system-network organization. The conducted bibliometric analysis of the concepts of three volumes showed that the mapping of concepts makes it possible to identify clusters of network organization, among which there are two, which can be conditionally designated as “individual subject” and “collective subject”. Only the morpheme “psychologist-”, outstripping all the others in frequency of occurrence. These results may support the hypothesis of the existence of “meta-concepts” and their role in the system-network organization. Comparative analysis of the concept map based on the author's keywords of publications indexed in Scopus for five years, “contraction” of terms into complexes that can be designated as individual and collective subjects could not be found, while the analysis of articles in the same database by the same authors discovered two centers in 20 years. The individual and collective subject become central concepts, with multiple connections. The question of hierarchical conceptual organization remains open due to the limited possibilities of bibliometric analysis, which does not allow revealing such relationships between concepts. Bibliometric analysis made it possible to show the network organization of modern concepts, the existence of thematic conceptual fields and leave open the question of their system-network organization.

Problems of Research of Abilities in Modern Russian Psychology: in Search of a New Theory

The article discusses a series of studies by employees of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2018–2022), carried out on the eve of the 50th anniversary of the Institute and dedicated to assessing the state of the scientific problems they study. Separately, there are considered publications in which the results of the development of basic concepts in the general theory of modern psychology, in its individual branches, in applied psychology are presented. It is argued that the research results presented in the publications are the most important theoretical and methodological cut of the actual problems of modern psychology. In addition, the wide range of studies presented in publications implements the most important function of structuring the conceptual space of modern psychological science. The series of publications prepared by A.L. Zhuravlev and E.A. Sergienko, and devoted to a comprehensive assessment of the conceptual space of research carried out by the staff of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The system-network approach used by the authors to the analysis of the organization of modern concepts of psychology is considered. Its merits are highlighted and debatable questions are raised. It is argued that modern psychological science implements several approaches to the analysis of the conceptual space of psychological research — system-network, scientometric, subject, etc. Their advantages and limitations are highlighted.

Hope and the Numinous: Psychological Concepts for Promoting Wellness in a Medical Context A secular model for understanding spiritual outcomes

Hope is an indispensable component for living a life of meaning, value, and well-being. Hope enables us to manage stressors, threats, failures, and personal doubts while helping us to stay focused on our goals and strivings. The purpose of this paper is to understand the construct of hope within a new dimension of personality termed the Numinous. The Numinous represents those underlying motivations that address our existential engagement with life centering around our needs to find value for our efforts, construct meaning and purpose for our strivings, and to create a sense of personal worthiness for our being. Hope is particularly relevant to the Numinous dimension of meaning. The Numinous model provides a multidimensional approach to understanding the various elements of meaning and how they combine to create various meaning orientations. Hope’s full range of expression is outlined across four different meaning types. The value of the Numinous for healthcare providers and its role in managing patients is overviewed.