Psychological Characteristics Of Students Research Articles

Elaboration of Research on Student Withdrawal from Universities in Russia and the United States

Student withdrawal (attrition) is becoming an actual phenomenon due to demographic changes, modernization of the economy and education, especially for universities located in economically depressed areas. The tradition of research on student withdrawal is still being formed in Russia, so it is important to clarify the main terminology used for the analysis of withdrawal, to develop a theoretical framework that takes into account the specifics of Russian universities, and to specify the prospects for the elaboration of research. A review of the terminology used in international studies to study the withdrawal as well as the history of studying this phenomenon in the USA is presented. The basic concepts of withdrawal, developed in sociology, psychology, organization theory and economics, are considered. They indicate the effectiveness of accounting for a wide range of factors of differing natures in the study of withdrawal: the processes of social and academic integration, the psychological characteristics of students, the organizational characteristics of the university and educational programs. When adapting existing models to Russian higher education, it is important to take into account that compulsory withdrawal caused by academic failure of students predominates in Russian universities, while international models were created to describe voluntary withdrawal from higher education institutions. National research which can serve as the basis for the development of a model of student withdrawal from Russian universities is analyzed.

Intelligent system for statistically significant expertise knowledge on the basis of the model of self-organizing nonequilibrium dissipative system

Development of the modern educational technologies caused by broad introduction of comput-er testing and development of distant forms of education does necessary revision of methods of an examination of pupils. In work it was shown, need transition to mathematical criteria, exami-nations of knowledge which are deprived of subjectivity. In article the review of the problems arising at realization of this task and are offered approaches for its decision. The greatest atten-tion is paid to discussion of a problem of objective transformation of rated estimates of the ex-pert on to the scale estimates of the student. In general, the discussion this question is was con-cluded that the solution to this problem lies in the creation of specialized intellectual systems. The basis for constructing intelligent system laid the mathematical model of self-organizing nonequilibrium dissipative system, which is a group of students. This article assumes that the dissipative system is provided by the constant influx of new test items of the expert and non-equilibrium – individual psychological characteristics of students in the group. As a result, the system must self-organize themselves into stable patterns. This patern will allow for, relying on large amounts of data, get a statistically significant assessment of student. To justify the pro-posed approach in the work presents the data of the statistical analysis of the results of testing a large sample of students (> 90). Conclusions from this statistical analysis allowed to develop intelligent system statistically significant examination of student performance. It is based on data clustering algorithm (k-mean) for the three key parameters. It is shown that this approach allows you to create of the dynamics and objective expertise evaluation.

Students’ Psychological Characteristics as Factor of Effective Acquisition of Visual Information in E-learning

This article is motivated by the fact that teachers choose a form of visualization basing on their subjective views on the ways to make multimedia presentation or on the existing standards, not taking into account that effective acquisition of visual information equally depends on psychological characteristics of students. The main purpose of this research is to identify psychological characteristics assisting students’ effective acquisition of information presented in different visual forms (text, charts, comics) in e-learning. The methods used included, firstly, experiment in an educational setting, secondly, control tasks created on the basis of Bloom's taxonomy, and, finally, psychodiagnostic techniques studying: cognitive and metacognitive skills, learning motivation, and self-organization. The findings allow us to identify which forms of electronic visual information are more suitable for students of certain psychological types. These results can help teachers to create conditions for students’ more effective absorption of visual information by taking into account their psychological characteristics.

Social and psychological characteristics of students in the context of contemporary problems of education in higher education institutions

В результате происходящих в обществе и системе высшего образования изменений актуализируются проблемы воспитания студентов, осваивающих социономические профессии. Особенности воспитания в современном вузе раскрываются в соотнесении с результатами изучения мотивов профессионального выбора, особенностей профессиональной направленности личности, мотивационной и ценностно-смысловой сферы будущих педагогов-психологов и социальных педагогов. Выявленные социально-психологические характеристики студентов определяют ориентацию образовательной политики вуза на коррекцию и развитие профессионально важных личностных качеств будущих специалистов, освоение ими конструктивных способов социально-профессионального взаимодействия в ходе практики, коллективной работы, позитивной социальной деятельности.

Socialization Through Informal Education: Extracurricular Activities of Russian School Students

The paper presents results of a large-scale research on the scope of services in extracurricular and extra-school education and on assessment of the potential role of education beyond the classroom and informal education in solving children socialization issues. The research was carried out through questioning students as consumers of education services. A new instrument was developed and tested to allow for a detailed description of various aspects of extracurricular activities and their correlation with studies and social and psychological characteristics of students. An extensive statistic material (over 6,000 questionnaires filled out by students from several regions of Russia) was used to analyze the degree of engagement in out-of-class activities among children of different age; the activities that are more popular for specific age groups; the age range when children are most engaged in such activities; the reasons for non-participation in extracurricular activities; the infrastructure of education beyond the classroom; the relative frequency of structured and non-structured classes; the correlation between out-of-class activities and development of self-esteem, feeling of community, and satisfaction. Age- and gender-related profiles of various classes are described. It appears that structured extracurricular activities, unlike unstructured ones, correlate with higher self-esteem (both overall and academic), stronger sense of belonging, and better satisfaction with school.

Adaptation and value — motivational characteristics of modern students

This article allows to characterize the dynamics of formation of individual psychological characteristics of students at different stages of training in higher educational institutions.

Psychological Characteristics of Students Taking Programming-Oriented and Applications-Oriented Computing Courses

The characteristics of students taking programming-oriented and applications-oriented higher education courses are compared. Relative to the latter students, the former students' personalities are shown to be of a more schizoid nature, this providing an explanation of these students' greater computer engagement, programming experience and computing aptitude, at least as far as males are concerned. The extent to which programming experience is accumulated by females is concluded to be a major factor explaining the greater gender imbalance in enrolment on the programming-oriented course. Psychometric measures are found to be useful over and above cheaper, more easily obtainable, information in discriminating between the two types of student. However, psychometric measures are not found useful in increasing the association between correctness of course classification subsequent to Discriminant Function Analysis and success/failure on the courses. Finally, the same set of characteristics, involving among other things, greater involvement in computing, is found to be associated with success irrespective of course.

Rorschach Psychological Characteristics of Students with Serious Emotional Disturbance

The Rorschach, Comprehensive System, was administered to 236 school students over a six-year period. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Rorschach Comprehensive System as an instrument that can aid school psychologists in the identification of students with serious emotional disturbance, and assist in making recommendations for educational planning and further evaluation. In this descriptive study, Rorschach data indicate significant scores in the sample with 31% on the Schizophrenic Index, 27% with Depression, 54% on the Coping Deficit Index, nearly 9% with Hypervigilant Problems, and 3% with Suicidal Ideation. Recommendations included utilizing the Rorschach as a regular assessment tool for the assessment of students for whom emotional disturbance is a suspected disability.

Additional Notes on the M. A. B. Richards?? Brief, ???A Study of Differences in Psychological Characteristics of Students Graduating from Three Types of Basic Nursing Programs???

Additional Notes on the M. A. B. Richards?? Brief, ???A Study of Differences in Psychological Characteristics of Students Graduating from Three Types of Basic Nursing Programs???