Psychological Behavior Research Articles

Bounded rationality consensus reaching process with prospect theory and preventing individual weight manipulation for multi-attribute group decision making

Owing to the development and popularization of social media, multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) adopting social network analysis (SNA) has appealed to widespread focus for a few years. However, most existing research on SNA has not simultaneously considered the expert's weight manipulation behavior and bounded rationality during the consensus-reaching process (CRP). To overcome this limitation, an original consensus model predicated on prospect theory (PT) and preventing individual weight manipulation is proposed in this paper. First, the experts’ behavior under certain risks is characterized by using PT, where a dynamic reference point is proposed to provide a more objective description of the experts’ psychological behavior. Then, the PT is integrated into the CRP, and the three-level prospect consensus measurement and a three-stage feedback identification mechanism are investigated. Subsequently, to safeguard against individual weight manipulation and obtain the appropriate expert weights, a feedback model incorporating minimum adjustment and maximum entropy rooted in PT is developed. This model is established from the perspectives of “efficiency” and “equity.” At last, the proposed method is applied to evaluate low-carbon investment projects in a power generation enterprise to verify its effectiveness and applicability. The superiority and robustness of the proposed method are also demonstrated through comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis.

Démuth, Andrej – Démuthová, Slávka (Eds.): A Conceptual and Semantic Analysis of the Qualitative Domains of Aesthetic and Moral Emotions: An Introduction

"A Conceptual and Semantic Analysis of the Qualitative Domains of Aesthetic and Moral Emotions" by Andrej Demuth and Slávka Demuthová explores the crucial intersection of aesthetic and moral emotions. Understanding these emotions is vital for grasping human psychology and social behaviour, as they shape personal experiences and influence societal norms and ethics. Scholars like Immanuel Kant and Martha Nussbaum have emphasised the role of aesthetics in moral judgement, highlighting how sensory experiences inform our sense of right and wrong. This book's exploration of the semantics and etymology of terms related to aesthetics and moral emotions enhances our understanding of how language shapes emotional experiences and provides historical insights into evolving perceptions of beauty and disgust. This study has significant implications for legal research, where morality, ethics, and justice are influenced by emotional and aesthetic judgements. By examining these judgements, legal scholars can better understand biases, interpret laws more fairly, and develop frameworks that resonate with the complexities of human psychology, enriching both legal theory and practice.

Semantic differences and psychological behavior in multi-criteria group decision-making: Do they need consideration?

In Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making (MCGDM), linguistic evaluation is widely used due to its flexibility. In particular, Personalized Individual Semantics (PIS), namely decision-makers hold heterogeneous understandings of the same word, has been extensively studied to elicit numeric meaning to the linguistic scale. However, few studies consider the need to tailor linguistics to the different indicators used, as well as the semantic difference in the same level linguistic that experts use when situations change. The traditional PIS models overlook the psychological aspect of the decision makers. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a method that considers semantic differences arising from the decision-makers and the indicators and incorporates the experts' psychological behavior. We apply this method to assess the alternatives for a smart refrigerator product service system. The results suggest that a large semantic difference, when evaluating the linguistic indicators, can influence the final outcome. We validate the flexibility and the effectiveness of the method by comparing against the base case of no semantic difference, using the Euclidean and Manhattan distance measures.

Psychological distress and health behaviours in people living with and beyond cancer: a cross-sectional study

This study aimed to examine whether psychological distress was cross-sectionally associated with meeting World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) recommendations in people living with and beyond cancer. Participants were adults living with and beyond breast, prostate and colorectal cancer, participating in the baseline wave of the Advancing Survivorship after Cancer Outcomes Trial (ASCOT). Anxiety/depression was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L and dichotomised into any/no problems. WCRF recommendations were assessed via pedometers, 24-h dietary recalls, self-reported alcohol intake (AUDIT-C), and self-reported smoking status. Participants were categorised as meeting WCRF recommendations using the following cut-offs: average daily steps (≥ 10,000/day), average weekly aerobic steps (≥ 15,000/day), fruit and vegetables (≥ 400 g/day), fibre (≥ 30 g/day), red meat (< 500 g/week), processed meat (0 g/day), high calorie food (fat ≤ 33% of total daily energy intake and free sugar ≤ 5% of total daily energy intake), alcohol (≤ 14 units/week) and smoking (non-smoking). A composite health behaviour risk index (CHBRI) was calculated by summing the number of WCRF recommendations met (range: 0–9). Among 1348 participants (mean age = 64 years (SD = 11.4)), 41.5% reported anxiety/depression problems. The mean CHBRI score was 4.4 (SD = 1.4). Anxiety/depression problems were associated with lower odds of meeting WCRF recommendations for average daily steps (odds ratio (OR) = 0.73; 95% CI 0.55, 0.97), but not for any other health behaviour. Psychological distress is associated with lower adherence to WCRF recommendations for physical activity in people living with and beyond cancer. Physical activity may be a mechanism linking psychological distress and poorer outcomes among people living with and beyond cancer, and this should be explored in longitudinal studies.

Which need satisfaction better explains the relation between parental psychological control and adolescent behavior problems: A parallel multi-mediator model based on general strain theory

ObjectivePredicated on the general strain theory and self-determination theory, the present study seeks to comparatively evaluate how well the (dis)satisfaction of three psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) can individually serve as a mechanism by which parental psychological control influences adolescent behavior problems jointly represented by depression, aggression, social anxiety, and problematic internet use. Method974 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.4, SD = 1.49; 46.7 % girl) constituted the sample. At three time points, they completed scales measuring parental psychological control, basic psychological needs, depression, aggression, social anxiety, and problematic internet use. A parallel multi-mediator model was adopted to contrast the individual mediation effect of satisfaction of three psychological need in the path from parental psychological control to adolescent behavior problems. Results(1) Parental psychological control directly predicts adolescent behavior problems. (2) Autonomy and competence need satisfaction independently mediate the association between parental psychological control and behavior problems while relatedness need satisfaction does not. (3) there is no difference in the strength of mediation between autonomy and competence need satisfaction. Yet, both autonomy and competence need satisfaction have a stronger mediation effect than relatedness need satisfaction. ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that in accounting for the relation between parental psychological control and adolescent behavior problems, autonomy and competence need satisfaction may represent better mechanisms than relatedness need satisfaction. Interventions targeting maladaptive parenting practices and adolescent maladjustment in the post-pandemic era need to consider the potency of relevant psychological mechanisms in operation as well as the sociocultural characteristics.

Patient accessibility and utilization of behavioral sleep medicine referrals in an academic center.

Behavioral sleep medicine (BSM) is a subspecialty that combines behavioral psychology and sleep medicine specialties. The objective of this study was to analyze referral patterns to a BSM clinic. The three specific aims were: (1) describe factors that predict referral acceptance, (2) identify barriers to attending initial appointment, and (3) describe variables associated with the number of visits attended. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted as part of a quality improvement project by this study team's clinical setting. Adults over 21 years of age who were referred to a behavioral sleep medicine clinic in an urban Midwestern academic healthcare system between 2014-2019 were included in this study. Sleep medicine was the main referral source for BSM patients (74.2%), followed by internal medicine (9.3%) and neurology/psychiatry (7.3%). Thirty-eight percent of patients did not schedule an appointment after a referral for BSM was initiated. Younger age, longer distance from clinic, commercial insurance and out of network insurance were all significantly greater for non-schedulers. Eighty-three percent of patients did attend the initial intake session with BSM providers. Older age was associated with lower likelihood of not attending scheduled BSM appointments. Patient characteristics of older age, closer distance from clinic, and in network insurance coverage were found to significantly increase the likelihood of BSM scheduling, while younger age, Black race and not getting a primary sleep disorder diagnosis (versus a diagnosis of Insomnia Disorder) and shorter days from referral to appointment were associated with an increased likelihood of not attending the scheduled BSM treatment engagement.

Preemptive listening: a roundtable discussion about sirens

ABSTRACT Nested within the crisis of our attention economy, the siren is undergoing a profound transformation, prompted by our ongoing alarm fatigue and noise pollution, as well as the near-obsolescence and inefficiency of public sound system broadcasts. Employing an interdisciplinary approach from specialists in the field of sound studies, behavioural psychology, policy advisors and creative practitioners, this roundtable article aims to unpack the critical potential of reimagining sirens, extending physically beyond ear-centred listening, conceptually beyond immediate timeframes, and opening up to new collaborative methodologies across academia, industry, artistic networks and more, to tackle today’s urgent need to recalibrate emergency signals for the immediate and the distant future.

Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial (YLST) pathway navigation study: a protocol for a nested randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of a pathway navigation intervention on lung cancer screening uptake

IntroductionLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death globally. In 2022 the UK National Screening Committee recommended the implementation of a national targeted lung cancer screening programme, aiming...

“Granting” Justice, Debating Delinquency: The Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act and the UNC Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime, 1961–1967

AbstractThis article argues that 1961 to 1967 was a critical period when federal, state, and academic institutions looked with hope toward emerging methods in behavioral and social psychology to train juvenile justice officials and to treat delinquent children. Reflecting liberal optimism regarding the possibility of reforming individual behavior without structural change, the Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act of 1961 provided project funding to cities, nonprofits, and universities. Using the University of North Carolina’s Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime as a case study, this article examines how federal funding was used for “experiments” with group therapy, youth incarceration, and cocreation of juvenile justice. Though largely inconclusive, these experiments demonstrated the existence of alternatives to the hyperinstitutionalization of juvenile offenders that accelerated after the Supreme Court’s 1967 decision of In re Gault.

Psychological Well-being and Health Behavior Patterns among Chinese University Students with Autoimmune Disorders

Background: The prevalence of autoimmune disorders is found to be rapidly increasing in China, especially among university students, though there is a huge lack of awareness about such disorders. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological wellbeing and health behavior patterns among Chinese university students with autoimmune disorders. Method: To determine the level of depression and anxiety among the associated participants, two different scales were used namely Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). A sample of 770 Chinese university students, suffering from autoimmune disorders, responded to the questionnaires based on CESD and SAS scales, during December 2022 to April 2023. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of anxiety was 48% and depression was 73% among the participants. The regression analysis showed a comparison between self-rated health significant at (p &lt; 0.05) in SAS and CASD. However, social support, consumption of alcohol and intake of immunosuppressant drugs were also found to be significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the health behavior patterns and psychological wellbeing among individuals, suffering from autoimmune disorders, are largely influenced by the overall social support and intake of important drugs. Implications: This study has been effective in increasing awareness regarding the significance of psychological wellbeing among individuals with autoimmune disorders.

Stigma of mental health and attitude towards psychological help-seeking behaviour among students of a health science institute in Karnataka: a cross-sectional study

Background: Mental health illnesses are becoming a prime cause of concern among young adults. Many individuals with mental disorders do not get the necessary health care. Objectives: To assess the attitude towards seeking professional psychological help and stigma of mental illness among the students of a health science institute, to assess the association between stigma and attitude towards seeking psychological help with select socio demographic variables and to determine the correlation between attitude towards seeking professional psychological help and stigma of mental illness. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 215 students in Karnataka. The study tool consisted of questionnaires on socio-demographic profile and two sets of validated scales (Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale and Perceived Devaluation Discrimination Scale). Results: The study showed males had more positive attitude towards seeking professional psychological help than females. Individuals with history of present/past illness were more open towards seeking professional psychological help. Pearson correlation test between ATSPPHS and PDDS showed a negative correlation. Conclusions: Psychological help seeking attitude needs to be improved among the students. Educational institutes need to incorporate mental health awareness and stigma reduction program in their curriculum.

Psychological violence behaviors in young couples for preventions programs

Psychological violence behaviors in young couples for preventions programs

A generalized TODIM evaluation approach based on the novel score function and trust network under interval-valued hesitant fuzzy environment

In multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM), the social relationships among group members, professional backgrounds and psychological behaviors of decision makers are important factors for achieving high-quality group decisions. However, realizing the consideration of these factors in fuzzy and complex group decision-making scenarios is an important and urgent issue. In MAGDM problems, interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets (IVHFSs) can better show the hesitant and fuzzy uncertainty information because they are an extension of fuzzy sets. This paper focuses on the score function of IVHFSs and develops a generalized TODIM evaluation method utilizing the novel score functions of IVHFEs and trust networks. The developed method effectively realizes the application of these factors in fuzzy and complex group decision making scenarios. In this contribution, a new deviation function for IVHFSs is created in this paper. It takes into account two types of deviation that are common in IVHFSs: the ambiguity of interval width and the hesitation and uncertainty of multiple intervals. In the sequel, a novel score function for IVHFSs is developed with help of the novel deviation function and the traditional score function. Concerning the perspective of group consistency, a model for determining expert weights is constructed using quality parameters, which combine the novel score function with the trust network. A subjective and objective comprehensive weighting model is made to get attribute weights based on how certain decision information is and the experts’ subjective experience. This is done because the more uncertain something is, the higher the risk. Eventually, we develop a generalized TODIM technique for MAGDM based on the novel score function and trust network in IVHFS environment. The developed approach is demonstrated with a preventive engineering decision-making problem. Sensitivity and comparative analyses are implemented to demonstrate the superiority, stability, and validity of the proposed method in this paper. According to the findings of this study, we conclude that the proposed methodology offers a comprehensive and systematic approach to evaluate MAGDM in the context of IVHFS with trust networks.

Teori Psikologis Perilaku Dalam Analisis Pungutan Liar Di Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the psychological behavior related to bribery in Indonesia. The study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach to collect data from various sources, including interviews with bribe takers, the public, and law enforcement officials. The results show that the psychological behavior of bribe takers consists of several factors, such as the desire for material gain, the need for status and prestige, and the inability to cope with social pressure. The study also shows that this psychological behavior can be changed by using appropriate psychological approaches, such as cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy.

Structural Validity of the Interpersonal Behaviors Questionnaire in Greek University Sport-Students

The examination of the interpersonal behaviors of undergraduate student-athletes can contribute to the research on the perceptions of students for satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological behaviors by teachers in the context teaching classes. Aim of this study was to translate into Greek and investigate the factorial validity and internal consistency of the Interpersonal Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ; 24-item six factors). 252 full-time undergraduate student-athletes (125 males and 127 females) were used ranging in age 18 to 38 years. The results of CFA showed a good fit of the data to the model, while the multi-sample results indicated invariance for factor loadings and correlations between male and female samples. Internal consistency coefficients Cronbach alpha and interclass correlation were moderate significant. In conclusion, the IBQ-Gr version has valid and reliable psychometric properties and can be applied to examination of the perceptions interpersonal behaviors others into Greek population.

Reinventing Anthropological Dimensions for HR Progression: Conceptualizing a Measurement Scale

The unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic ruined the business hemisphere across the globe and thus organizations are on the pathway to restore people, planet and profit. At this intermittent phase, the relevance of anthropological dimensions at work sphere for building an agile and resilient organization that can sustain in both normal and crisis times is quite realistic and pertinent in present environment. The essential objective of the present paper is to identify the prominent domains and related items that may be considered in redesigning work-place anthropological dimensions and to set up structured scale in tune with anthropological traits. The main source of conceptualizing the research scale is formulated from the detailed literature survey involving essential considerations of the paper viz. character strength, human psychological behavior, behavioral implication on business education, mind purification, culture, personality &amp; values. From the literature explicated in the paper, a clear attempt has been made to identify five broad domains and the items considered for the study. The five broad domains identified are Doman A: Character strength, Domain B: Human psychological behavior, Domain C: Behavioral implication on business educations, Domain D: Mind purification on human behavior, Domain E: Ethical dimensions on human behavior. A structured scale in the clear nomenclature of “CPBME” scale has been developed with the potential for future scope of the study. “CPBME” scale implies C-Character, P-Psychology, B-Behavior, M-Mind, and E-Ethics. The study makes a modest attempt to uphold the potential of human anthropological avenues as a revitalizing HR element in the digitalized business hemisphere.

Comparative Analysis of Impulse Buying Behaviour Across Retail Channels: A Study of Physical Stores, E-commerce Websites and Mobile Shopping Apps

"The nuanced dynamics of impulse buying behaviour across diverse retail channels unveil a fascinating interplay between consumer psychology and the unique attributes of physical stores, e-commerce platforms, and mobile shopping apps. Delving into the intricate landscape of impulse buying behaviour across three prominent retail channels, namely physical brick-and-mortar stores, e-commerce websites, and mobile shopping applications, sheds light on how retail environments shape and influence impulsive buying behaviours. Employing a comprehensive research framework that encompasses the realms of behavioural psychology, astute marketing strategies and the nuanced analysis of digital interfaces unveils the underpinnings that drive impulsive purchases in each distinct retail environment. By means of meticulous data collection and rigorous scrutiny, this research discerns the unique determinants of impulsive buying behaviour, encompassing consumer motivations, environmental cues and the pivotal role of technology becomes apparent. The comparative analysis not only enriches understanding of the impulse buying phenomenon but also provides actionable insights for retailers and marketers keen on creating bespoke strategies tailored to the specific attributes of each retail channel. Presenting realistic implications for businesses seeking to optimize consumer engagement and bolster sales in today’s multifaceted retail landscape, the recognition of the varied triggers behind impulse buying across different platforms empowers retailers to cultivate precision-targeted approaches that deeply resonate with their intended audience, thereby amplifying the efficacy of their marketing endeavours. Undertaking an exhaustive comparative analysis of impulsive buying behaviour"

Do we really need financial literacy to access the behavioral dynamics of generation Z? A case of Oman

The ability to manage money has been identified as a vital talent. In this context, financial literacy has a role to play. There are significant gaps, though, such as the financial connection to human behavior. The purpose of this study is to look at the overall effects of financial literacy (FL) on the behavioural aspects of materialism (ML), compulsive buying (CB), and tendency to debt (TD). It attempts to develop and evaluate a model that is based on these variables and to examine the relationships between these research constructs. The study looked at 233 respondents mainly students studying in Omani universities.A comprehensive literature review, confirmatory factorial analysis, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), and comprehensive analysis were used to develop research hypotheses. The primary findings suggested that financial literacy had the most significant impact on compulsive purchasing behaviour in comparison to materialism and the propensity to accumulate debt, among the direct relationships that were suggested. The study's findings have important implications for the formulation of public policy and other interested parties, as financial literacy is advantageous for individuals with poor financial health and facilitates the participation in other psychological behaviours.

Understanding the application of evolutionary psychology in consumer behavior: A review and future research agenda

AbstractThis paper is the first to offer a comprehensive literature review of the role of evolutionary psychology (EP) in marketing and consumer behavior. This study takes a holistic approach, combining techniques of a systematic review with bibliometric analysis, to provide a performance analysis and identify theories and methodologies used in the literature. Most importantly, by studying the current state of EP, we elucidate six major themes: the role of gender in families, the role of affect in consumer behavior, food preferences and shopping behavior, motivations for and consequences of status signaling, the impact of ovulation on consumer motives and behaviors, and contributions to the greater good. The findings enable researchers to understand the current state of the literature. Further, to advance the application of EP in consumer behavior, we identify gaps related to each theme and offer research questions that can serve as catalysts for future research. Thus, we offer two primary contributions: a comprehensive overview of the literature as it relates to methods, theories, and themes and detailed guidance that can be used to invigorate research on EP.

ROLE OF INTERVENTION STRATEGIES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT ON THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN THE RANDOM ENVIRONMENT

Infectious disease outbreaks have caused significant losses to populations worldwide in terms of morbidity, social and economic costs. This has prompted governments to seek suitable intervention policies to suppress the outbreaks. This paper aims to explore the intrinsic impact of intervention strategies and the psychological behavior of people on the spread of infectious diseases. Employing the finite state Markov chain, we formulate a new stochastic SIS epidemic model under regime switching by using the Beddington–DeAngelis transmission function, in the presence of some governmental control measures. The study of the model is centered on three different scenarios in terms of varying two control parameters. We analyze the deterministic system for the global dynamics in terms of basic reproductive number. Some new threshold parameters are defined to discuss the extinction and the persistence of the disease in the stochastic setting. Numerical assessments were undertaken to validate theoretical findings for the deterministic and stochastic systems. Our findings strongly suggest that heightened awareness among susceptible individuals contributes significantly to the eradication of infection and fosters a stable epidemiological situation. As levels of public awareness increase, particularly within the susceptible population, a discernible trend toward the eradication of the infection emerges, ultimately ensuring sustained stability within the epidemiological landscape.