Psychological Basis Research Articles

Психология страха сотрудника органов внутренних дел в условиях войны и военного конфликта

The article considers issues related to: firstly, the analysis of understanding the emotional phenomenon of «fear» and other states of mental tension directly related to it; secondly, the clarification of the influence of fear on personality behavior patterns; thirdly, the presentation of modern techniques to identify the level of fear of various social strata of the population before the eventual scenarios of armed conflict and war, including nuclear war. According to the authors, this type of fear is acceptable for police personnel, the specifics of the service of whose employees, despite the high risk of their law enforcement mission, does not imply the unconditional direct participation of each policeman in the conduct of hostilities in war or in the format of a military conflict. The practical and scientific importance of studying current methods designed for a more in-depth study of fear is noted. Attention is focused on the correlation of fear and the role of socialization of the police in the general system of perception of the threat of war and military conflict by the population of the country. The absence of an array of modern ideas on this issue is stated. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the problem of fear of modern war and the possibility of using existing techniques to diagnose the specified emotional state of police personnel. The above is the novelty of the completed research. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach. Theoretical information is presented regarding the typology of personality behavior patterns, the formation of which is caused by a state of fear, and their psychological basis is fully acceptable for the personality of a police officer. The scope of the results is to minimize the level of mental tension of police personnel.

Enjoyment and Grit as mediators between informal digital learning English, basic psychology needs, and willingness to communicate among English as a foreign language university students

Enjoyment and Grit as mediators between informal digital learning English, basic psychology needs, and willingness to communicate among English as a foreign language university students

A chain-mediated model of the effect of physical exercise on loneliness

The physical and mental health development of college students has gradually become an important topic of social concern. The academic community focuses on different ways of physical exercise to improve the mental health of college students. On the basis of sports psychology, this paper discusses the interaction mechanism between physical activity and social support, interpersonal relationship quality and loneliness of college students, that is, physical and mental health effects of physical activities to promote the psychological level of college students. By random sampling, 784 college students were investigated and analyzed with physical exercise scale, loneliness scale, interpersonal relationship scale and social support scale, based on the general characteristics of the demographics variables, and through the analysis of multiple regression path model, this paper further explored the mechanism of the effects of physical activity, social support, loneliness and interpersonal relationship quality of college students. The results showed that physical exercise had a negative predictive effect on loneliness(β = − 0.246, p<0.01) and a positive predictive effect on interpersonal relationship quality and social support(β = 0.186, p<0.01; β = 0.156, p<0.01).In addition, social support and interpersonal relationship quality play a mediating role between physical exercise and loneliness, including three mediating paths, namely, social support and interpersonal relationship quality play an independent mediating role, the link mediating effect of social support and interpersonal relationship quality. According to the theory of psychological needs, the results show that physical exercise has an indirect effect on loneliness of college students through the chain mediating effect of interpersonal relationship quality and social support. College students can improve the level of social support and the quality of interpersonal relationships, and reduce the sense of loneliness.

The Influence of Family Environment on Children's Mental Health

The influence of the family environment on children's physical and mental development has been widely discussed, but the degree of children's mental health is still insufficient, and many children fail to achieve a good mental state. If the parents create a warm family atmosphere, create a safe and warm physical environment, and let the child grow up in a relaxed and pleasant family, then the child will become very confident and cheerful. In stark contrast, children who grow up in an oppressive home are more likely to be isolated and more afraid to speak up. The analysis of this paper shows that in the process of children's physical and mental development, the role of the family environment is huge. Family environment factors are the basis of children's health psychology, and establishing a harmonious and good family environment is an important condition for cultivating children's health psychology. Based on this, this paper puts forward the following suggestions. Parents should strengthen their learning, create a harmonious family atmosphere, attach importance to frustration education, and cultivate children's emotional expression ability.

Unconscious will as a neurobehavioral mechanism against adversity.

Incentive salience theory both explains the directional component of motivation (in terms of cue attraction or "wanting") and its energetic component, as a function of the strength of cue attraction. This theory characterizes cue- and reward-triggered approach behavior. But it does not tell us how behavior can show enhanced vigor under reward uncertainty, when cues are inconsistent or resources hidden. Reinforcement theory is also ineffective in explaining enhanced vigor in case reward expectation is low or nil. This paper provides a neurobehavioral interpretation of effort in situations of adversity (which always include some uncertainty about outcomes) that is complementary to the attribution of incentive salience to environmental cues. It is argued that manageable environmental challenges activate an unconscious process of self-determination to achieve "wanted" actions. This unconscious process is referred to as incentive effort, which involves the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, noradrenaline, as well as striatal dopamine. Concretely, HPA-induced dopamine release would have the function to make effort-or effortful actions-"wanted" in a challenging context, in which the environmental cues are poorly predictive of reward-i.e., unattractive. Stress would only emerge in the presence of unmanageable challenges. It is hypothesized that incentive effort is the core psychological basis of will-and is, for this reason, termed "willing."

Hidden Order in the Human World and Reasonings L. I. Antsyferova about the Psyche

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of hidden order and the comprehension of L.I. Antsyferova’s scientific contribution to the disclosure of its content. It is shown that the great thinkers of the twentieth century, first in relation to the physical world and then to the psyche, talked about the currently hidden properties of the objective world that can influence the essence of the phenomena under study. The point of view of D. Bohm, who was the pioneer in the scientific study of hidden order, is analyzed in detail. W. Heisenberg believed that understanding nature means discovering the purposefulness hidden wtihin it, supplementing causal determination. According to Heisenberg, there are intangible structures in the world to which human mind structures are correlated during comprehension. It is shown that the concept of hidden order is also crucial in the methodology of socio-humanitarian knowledge; “hidden” and “implicit” are the subjects of study in various sciences. Psychologists have made a significant contribution to the development of these ideas. The points of view of M.A. Kholodnaya on conceptual structures and N.E. Maksimova and I.O. Aleksandrov on psychological structures, which are the psychological basis for understanding the subject of the hidden order in the human world, are analyzed. S.L. Rubinstein stood at the origin of psychologists’ ideas about hidden order. His student L.I. Antsyferova has deeply and meaningfully analyzed the hidden order in publications devoted to the problems of psyche development, its determination, psychology of subject, personality and thinking. All of L.I. Antsyferova’s research is permeated with the opposition “explicit-hidden”; behind the visible reality of the psyche, she was always looked for the invisible. She repeatedly emphasized that behind the visible and familiar world, behind the world of “common sense”, a world of hidden relationships of things opens up to man.

The psychology of criminal authority: Introducing the Legitimacy of Secret Power Scale

The state’s monopoly on sovereignty can be challenged by criminal systems capable of gaining legitimacy within communities. Understanding the psychological basis of such legitimacy requires broadening traditional conceptualizations of authority to consider how it operates without legal backing and outside formal channels. This research introduces the Legitimacy of Secret Power (L-SP) Scale, a tool measuring individuals’ appraisal of illegal groups’ power. We validated L-SP through three studies ( Ntotal = 3,173). Findings demonstrate a reliable, 20-item mono-factorial structure. Study 3 tested L-SP’s measurement invariance in the UK, Italy, Japan, and the US. Across studies, L-SP correlated with support for illegality, ideologies of masculine honor, and social dominance. It was inversely related to the perceived national threat of criminal groups, democratic attitudes, and police legitimacy. Notably, L-SP predicted individuals’ willingness to report criminal groups independently of their fear of these groups or perceptions of police legitimacy. Theoretical implications and future directions are discussed.

Sistem Pendidikan di Indonesia pada Masa ke Masa

Education is a fundamental aspect in the formation of human personality which continues to develop over time. In Indonesia, education has gone through a long history, with various efforts made to ensure that every citizen has equal and quality access to develop their potential optimally. This research aims to analyze and examine various theories and research results on the development of the Indonesian education system. The research uses qualitative methods with a literature review type. The results of this research include (1) a historical basis that studies past developments, (2) a philosophical basis that examines basic values, (3) a psychological basis that considers individual psychological aspects, (4) a sociological basis that examines social dynamics, (5) the Tut Wuri Handayani foundation which emphasizes support and encouragement from behind, (6) the science and technology foundation which utilizes developments in science and technology, and (7) the juridical foundation which adheres to the applicable legal framework.

The Study of Animal Metaphors in English and Chinese Idioms from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor

This paper conducted a study of animal metaphors in English and Chinese idioms from the perspective of conceptual metaphor for the following reasons. Firstly, it summarizes the primary metaphors and its classifications by collecting and sorting out a large number of English and Chinese animal idioms and interpreting the representative animal “dog”. Secondly, it summarizes the similarities and differences of conceptual metaphors in English and Chinese animal idioms, and discusses the causes of these similarities and differences, hoping to help readers understand the nature and characteristics of idioms from a new perspective. It is found that the common characteristics and the similar physiological and psychological basis between human and animal lead to the similarities, while geographical environment, religious belief, dietary habits, literary works and legend, historical background and social customs lead to the differences in conceptual metaphors in English and Chinese animal idioms.

The Self in the Consulting Room.

The realization of the Self, although the absolute basis of Jungian psychology, has internal inconsistencies, is difficult to understand, and offers a promise of realization that cannot be fulfilled. This has weakened it, and its existence is now one of speculation. If this is the case, what is to be done with it in the consulting room? How should it be introduced and accounted for, if at all? This paper suggests some alternatives but concludes that the myth of the Self has gravitas in other established traditions, and it is those that offer a more coherent framework for the emergence of the Self.

Psychological basis of emotional and moral development of the personality. Part 1. Research problem of emotional and moral development of personality

Introduction. The relevance of the research problem lies in the fact that in psychological science some theorists involved in the study of emotions believe that the states of emotional experience are unchanged. Since the principles of immutability and constancy of emotional experience are crucial for understanding consciousness, an important type of which in humans are emotions, since they influence their perceptual and cognitive processes and behavior.Purpose setting. There are unique classes of emotional phenomena, such as mood, feelings, which manifest themselves in the general background of events and persist after their completion. It is precisely such background experiences that are the basis of the emotional assessments studied in this work. Moral and aesthetic experiences associated with art, human cognition through art, ensure his development as a subject of moral relations to other people and to himself, contribute to changes in his moral experience and personal (including emotional) characteristics.Methodology and methods of the study was carried out on the basis of the study of philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical scientific and methodological literature, which made it possible to develop the concept of psychological foundations. Results. Our research is educational in the management of emotions and feelings. The dynamic development of the results of our study of the emotional states of a personality, its experiences according to the author’s methods in the form of keeping an emotional diary since 1997, contributing to the self-development of a personality as a component of personal maturity, is presented.Conclusion. The practical value of the research within the framework of general psychology lies not only in the fact that the main directions for optimizing the process of emotional and moral development of a personality are identified, recommendations are substantiated for improving the specialization of people working with children, improving their professional skills, but also in developing a program for the psychological study of emotional and moral personality development (EMPD), diagnostics of specific and nonspecific emotional phenomena, which ensures timely correction of the EMPD process. The data obtained can be taken into account in schools and universities in the process of forecasting the moral atmosphere among adolescents and students, as well as the moral atmosphere of society in general.

텍스트 마이닝을 활용한 국내 기본심리욕구 연구 동향 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine research trends related to basic psychological needs in Korea and identify major research topics and trends. Methods To this end, we analyzed 327 academic papers related to basic psychological needs, which were more than candidates for KCI registration published on the Academic Research Information Service. The data was preprocessed through an R program, and the results of keyword frequency analysis were visualized in a word cloud, and analyzed by topic modeling. Results First, according to the literature status, 327 journals have been published in 106 societies, including the Learner-Centered Curriculum Education Association and the Korean Youth Association. Second, in keyword frequency analysis, terms such as basic psychology, desire, research, relationship, influence, mediation, analysis, autonomy, effectiveness, satisfaction, and competence appeared as top words. Third, topic modeling results were categorized by effects on individual psychological well-being, research methods, relationships with elementary school students and psychological well-being, the influence of young people's home and school environments, the mental health of college students, and relationships with stressors in modern society. Conclusions This study is significant in that it identified the characteristics of basic psychological needs research trends in Korea by applying text mining techniques to a vast amount of information on basic psychological needs, and it can be used as useful basic data for setting the direction of basic psychological needs research and selecting research topics in the future.

Para-athletes are exposed to bullying as much as non-disabled athletes

ABSTRACT Objectives Exposure to bullying and high levels of anxiety are important determinants of the quality and duration of athletes’ experiences of success. The aim of this study was to determine which behaviors are most commonly perceived as bullying by para athletes and whether the exposure to bullying or levels of trait anxiety differ between para athletes and non-disabled athletes. Methods It is a cross-sectional study. Two groups consisting of professional para athletes (n = 104) and non-disabled athletes (n = 129) between the ages of 18–45 affiliated to the national athletics federation were included in the study. The questionnaire included information about demographics and the two scales, the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). Results Withholding information that could affect performance and spreading rumors (item 1,5) were the most frequently reported bullying behaviors. No statistically significant difference was found between para athletes and non-disabled athletes or between male and female genders in terms of total or any subdimension NAQ-R scores (p > 0.05). SAS-2 total and SAS-2-worry subdimension scores were significantly lower in the para athletes (p = 0.018 and p = 0.020). Total and all SAS-2 subdimension scores were significantly higher in female athletes (p < 0.05). Conclusion The knowledge about bullying exposure in para-athletes is quite limited. The para-athlete group has fewer opportunities than the non-disabled group in terms of financial opportunities, physical conditions, media coverage and many other aspects. However, in our study, they reported bullying exposure at a similar rate with the non-disabled group. Although there is a similar level of exposure, it is clear that the results will not be similar in the two groups due to the different psychological bases. According to the results of this study, it is thought that stakeholders who have responsibility for the para-athlete group should be further educated.

Criminal law assessment of domestic violence: moral and psychological basis of criminal offenses related to domestic violence

Criminal law assessment of domestic violence: moral and psychological basis of criminal offenses related to domestic violence

BOSHLANG‘ICH TA’LIM YO‘NALISHI TALABALARIDA INNOVATSION KASBIY KOMPETENTLIKNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING NAZARIY ASOSLARI

This article describes the theoretical foundations of the development of innovative professional competence of primary education students. The formation of this competence is one of the urgent tasks in modern educational processes and is important in increasing the effectiveness of pedagogical activity. The article analyzes the definition, importance and application of innovative methods in education, as well as the psychological and pedagogical basis of this process. From a scientific point of view, what kind of pedagogical conditions are necessary for students to acquire the skills of effective use of innovative teaching methods and technologies.

Examination of the validity of the Chinese version of the Language Mindsets Inventory among Chinese university students.

With the growing interest in the psychological basis of language learning, this study aims to validate the Chinese version of the Language Mindset Inventory (LMI) among Chinese university students. A sample of 476 students from various universities in mainland China was used. The translation process followed the forward-backward method. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to evaluate the factor structure. The internal consistency of the LMI was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and convergent validity was examined through correlations with established mindset measures. Compared with the one-factor model, the two-factor model which distinguishes between fixed and growth mindsets, showed an acceptable and better fit index. The overall Cronbach's alpha for the full scale was 0.954, with 0.929 for the fixed mindset dimension and 0.903 for the growth mindset dimension. AVE values for the fixed and growth dimensions were 0.597 and 0.510, respectively. Correlations showed that the growth mindset dimension was significantly positively associated with the 8-Item Growth Mindset Scale (r = 0.186, p < 0.01) and the Mindset Scale for Learning English (r = 0.149, p < 0.01), while the fixed mindset dimension was negatively associated with both scales (r = -0.228 and r = -0.169, p < 0.01). This study confirms the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the LMI, making it a relevant tool for assessing language learning mindsets among Chinese university students. The findings support the integration of LMI into educational strategies to promote resilience and adaptability, enhancing language education outcomes.

The Model of Desire and Fear as an Invariant in Literature

The issue of the projection of the desire and fear model in literature is analyzed from different perspectives in this research. Desire and fear along with forming a dichotomy together, complement each other. Sometimes the feeling of fear turns into a barrier in front of the feeling of desire, whereas, the feeling of fear sometimes saves him (her) from taking some wrong steps. Humans are born as biological beings, but they are formed as social beings. Each person is formed through the relationship between the individual and society; he acts taking into account the stereotypes of the society - the public opinion. This, very fact, forms the balance of desire and fear within each person. When the balance of desire and fear is disturbed, it sometimes leads to tragedy for the individual. In the analysis of a work of art, the psychological basis of the tragedy is called post-traumatic syndrome.One of the ways to determine the character of images in literature is the model of desire and fear. Throughout the work, as a result of the desires and fears of the characters, taking wrong and right steps, the reader forms an opinion about whether they are positive or negative characters. The main focus of the prose works of Ramiz Rovshan and Isa Huseynov, which we have chosen for research, is the human and his psychological state against the background of war, and the existence of this state was revealed in the archetype model of desire and fear. We analyze this existence with deixis theory as a research method.

Organizing Students' Online Teamwork for Sustainable Development

The article tackles the problem of developing students' teamwork competence in e-learning environments. The aim of the study is to substantiate the methodological foundations for successful organization of students' online teamwork. The article contains the results of the pilot study that was conducted to investigate the challenges of online teamwork and formulate the correspondent recommendations for instructors on how to successfully develop students' team competence online. The study resulted in clarifying the component composition of the team competence, reasoning the psychological basis for organizing students' distance teamwork, and formulating pedagogical approaches to the successful organization of online teamwork. Also, several digital tools and instructions techniques are mentioned as recommended for avoiding the difficulties and challenges that were mentioned by the respondents in the survey. The obtained data can be used for theoretical substantiation of pedagogical models for organizing educational teamwork in distance and blended learning for sustainable development.

COGNITIVE CHALLENGES AND PROFESSIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY BRAIN IN ACADEMIA: A REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES AND POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS

Pregnancy brain, characterized by cognitive changes during pregnancy, has significant implications for women in academia, affecting professional performance and career progression. In this review, we focus on the physiological and psychological bases of pregnancy brain, its impacts on cognitive functions, and potential interventions for pregnant women. The objective of this review is to explore the phenomenon of pregnancy-induced cognitive decline, focusing on its physiological, psychological, and cognitive bases, and its potential impact on cognitive function. The impact of pregnancy on cognitive performance, career progression, and professional performance can be mitigated through increased awareness, research, and institutional support. By recognizing and addressing the cognitive challenges faced by pregnant women, academic institutions can foster a more inclusive and supportive environment, ultimately benefiting the professional and personal well-being of women in academic institutions. KEYWORDS: Pregnancy brain; Cognitive function; Women in academia; Professional performance; Institutional support

Leveraging individual differences in cue-reward learning to investigate the psychological and neural basis of shared psychiatric symptomatology: The sign-tracker/goal-tracker model.

In our modern environment, we are bombarded with stimuli or cues that exert significant influence over our actions. The extent to which such cues attain control over or disrupt goal-directed behavior is dependent on several factors, including one's inherent tendencies. Using a rodent model, we have shown that individuals vary in the value they place on stimuli associated with reward. Some individuals, termed "goal-trackers," primarily attribute predictive value to reward cues, whereas others, termed "sign-trackers," attribute predictive and incentive value. Thus, for sign-trackers, the reward cue is transformed into an incentive stimulus that is capable of eliciting maladaptive behaviors. The sign-tracker/goal-tracker animal model has allowed us to refine our understanding of behavioral and computational theories related to reward learning and to parse the underlying neural processes. Further, the neurobehavioral profile of sign-trackers is relevant to several psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorder, impulse control disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. This model, therefore, can advance our understanding of the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to individual differences in vulnerability to psychopathology. Notably, initial attempts at translation-capturing individual variability in the propensity to sign-track in humans-have been promising and in line with what we have learned from the animal model. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role played by the sign-tracker/goal-tracker animal model in enriching our understanding of the psychological and neural basis of motivated behavior and psychiatric symptomatology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).