Psychological Basis Research Articles

Psychological basis of emotional and moral development of the personality. Part 1. Research problem of emotional and moral development of personality

Introduction. The relevance of the research problem lies in the fact that in psychological science some theorists involved in the study of emotions believe that the states of emotional experience are unchanged. Since the principles of immutability and constancy of emotional experience are crucial for understanding consciousness, an important type of which in humans are emotions, since they influence their perceptual and cognitive processes and behavior.Purpose setting. There are unique classes of emotional phenomena, such as mood, feelings, which manifest themselves in the general background of events and persist after their completion. It is precisely such background experiences that are the basis of the emotional assessments studied in this work. Moral and aesthetic experiences associated with art, human cognition through art, ensure his development as a subject of moral relations to other people and to himself, contribute to changes in his moral experience and personal (including emotional) characteristics.Methodology and methods of the study was carried out on the basis of the study of philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical scientific and methodological literature, which made it possible to develop the concept of psychological foundations. Results. Our research is educational in the management of emotions and feelings. The dynamic development of the results of our study of the emotional states of a personality, its experiences according to the author’s methods in the form of keeping an emotional diary since 1997, contributing to the self-development of a personality as a component of personal maturity, is presented.Conclusion. The practical value of the research within the framework of general psychology lies not only in the fact that the main directions for optimizing the process of emotional and moral development of a personality are identified, recommendations are substantiated for improving the specialization of people working with children, improving their professional skills, but also in developing a program for the psychological study of emotional and moral personality development (EMPD), diagnostics of specific and nonspecific emotional phenomena, which ensures timely correction of the EMPD process. The data obtained can be taken into account in schools and universities in the process of forecasting the moral atmosphere among adolescents and students, as well as the moral atmosphere of society in general.

텍스트 마이닝을 활용한 국내 기본심리욕구 연구 동향 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine research trends related to basic psychological needs in Korea and identify major research topics and trends. Methods To this end, we analyzed 327 academic papers related to basic psychological needs, which were more than candidates for KCI registration published on the Academic Research Information Service. The data was preprocessed through an R program, and the results of keyword frequency analysis were visualized in a word cloud, and analyzed by topic modeling. Results First, according to the literature status, 327 journals have been published in 106 societies, including the Learner-Centered Curriculum Education Association and the Korean Youth Association. Second, in keyword frequency analysis, terms such as basic psychology, desire, research, relationship, influence, mediation, analysis, autonomy, effectiveness, satisfaction, and competence appeared as top words. Third, topic modeling results were categorized by effects on individual psychological well-being, research methods, relationships with elementary school students and psychological well-being, the influence of young people's home and school environments, the mental health of college students, and relationships with stressors in modern society. Conclusions This study is significant in that it identified the characteristics of basic psychological needs research trends in Korea by applying text mining techniques to a vast amount of information on basic psychological needs, and it can be used as useful basic data for setting the direction of basic psychological needs research and selecting research topics in the future.

The Self in the Consulting Room.

The realization of the Self, although the absolute basis of Jungian psychology, has internal inconsistencies, is difficult to understand, and offers a promise of realization that cannot be fulfilled. This has weakened it, and its existence is now one of speculation. If this is the case, what is to be done with it in the consulting room? How should it be introduced and accounted for, if at all? This paper suggests some alternatives but concludes that the myth of the Self has gravitas in other established traditions, and it is those that offer a more coherent framework for the emergence of the Self.

Para-athletes are exposed to bullying as much as non-disabled athletes

ABSTRACT Objectives Exposure to bullying and high levels of anxiety are important determinants of the quality and duration of athletes’ experiences of success. The aim of this study was to determine which behaviors are most commonly perceived as bullying by para athletes and whether the exposure to bullying or levels of trait anxiety differ between para athletes and non-disabled athletes. Methods It is a cross-sectional study. Two groups consisting of professional para athletes (n = 104) and non-disabled athletes (n = 129) between the ages of 18–45 affiliated to the national athletics federation were included in the study. The questionnaire included information about demographics and the two scales, the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). Results Withholding information that could affect performance and spreading rumors (item 1,5) were the most frequently reported bullying behaviors. No statistically significant difference was found between para athletes and non-disabled athletes or between male and female genders in terms of total or any subdimension NAQ-R scores (p > 0.05). SAS-2 total and SAS-2-worry subdimension scores were significantly lower in the para athletes (p = 0.018 and p = 0.020). Total and all SAS-2 subdimension scores were significantly higher in female athletes (p < 0.05). Conclusion The knowledge about bullying exposure in para-athletes is quite limited. The para-athlete group has fewer opportunities than the non-disabled group in terms of financial opportunities, physical conditions, media coverage and many other aspects. However, in our study, they reported bullying exposure at a similar rate with the non-disabled group. Although there is a similar level of exposure, it is clear that the results will not be similar in the two groups due to the different psychological bases. According to the results of this study, it is thought that stakeholders who have responsibility for the para-athlete group should be further educated.

Criminal law assessment of domestic violence: moral and psychological basis of criminal offenses related to domestic violence

Criminal law assessment of domestic violence: moral and psychological basis of criminal offenses related to domestic violence

BOSHLANG‘ICH TA’LIM YO‘NALISHI TALABALARIDA INNOVATSION KASBIY KOMPETENTLIKNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING NAZARIY ASOSLARI

This article describes the theoretical foundations of the development of innovative professional competence of primary education students. The formation of this competence is one of the urgent tasks in modern educational processes and is important in increasing the effectiveness of pedagogical activity. The article analyzes the definition, importance and application of innovative methods in education, as well as the psychological and pedagogical basis of this process. From a scientific point of view, what kind of pedagogical conditions are necessary for students to acquire the skills of effective use of innovative teaching methods and technologies.

Examination of the validity of the Chinese version of the Language Mindsets Inventory among Chinese university students.

With the growing interest in the psychological basis of language learning, this study aims to validate the Chinese version of the Language Mindset Inventory (LMI) among Chinese university students. A sample of 476 students from various universities in mainland China was used. The translation process followed the forward-backward method. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to evaluate the factor structure. The internal consistency of the LMI was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and convergent validity was examined through correlations with established mindset measures. Compared with the one-factor model, the two-factor model which distinguishes between fixed and growth mindsets, showed an acceptable and better fit index. The overall Cronbach's alpha for the full scale was 0.954, with 0.929 for the fixed mindset dimension and 0.903 for the growth mindset dimension. AVE values for the fixed and growth dimensions were 0.597 and 0.510, respectively. Correlations showed that the growth mindset dimension was significantly positively associated with the 8-Item Growth Mindset Scale (r = 0.186, p < 0.01) and the Mindset Scale for Learning English (r = 0.149, p < 0.01), while the fixed mindset dimension was negatively associated with both scales (r = -0.228 and r = -0.169, p < 0.01). This study confirms the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the LMI, making it a relevant tool for assessing language learning mindsets among Chinese university students. The findings support the integration of LMI into educational strategies to promote resilience and adaptability, enhancing language education outcomes.

The Model of Desire and Fear as an Invariant in Literature

The issue of the projection of the desire and fear model in literature is analyzed from different perspectives in this research. Desire and fear along with forming a dichotomy together, complement each other. Sometimes the feeling of fear turns into a barrier in front of the feeling of desire, whereas, the feeling of fear sometimes saves him (her) from taking some wrong steps. Humans are born as biological beings, but they are formed as social beings. Each person is formed through the relationship between the individual and society; he acts taking into account the stereotypes of the society - the public opinion. This, very fact, forms the balance of desire and fear within each person. When the balance of desire and fear is disturbed, it sometimes leads to tragedy for the individual. In the analysis of a work of art, the psychological basis of the tragedy is called post-traumatic syndrome.One of the ways to determine the character of images in literature is the model of desire and fear. Throughout the work, as a result of the desires and fears of the characters, taking wrong and right steps, the reader forms an opinion about whether they are positive or negative characters. The main focus of the prose works of Ramiz Rovshan and Isa Huseynov, which we have chosen for research, is the human and his psychological state against the background of war, and the existence of this state was revealed in the archetype model of desire and fear. We analyze this existence with deixis theory as a research method.

Organizing Students' Online Teamwork for Sustainable Development

The article tackles the problem of developing students' teamwork competence in e-learning environments. The aim of the study is to substantiate the methodological foundations for successful organization of students' online teamwork. The article contains the results of the pilot study that was conducted to investigate the challenges of online teamwork and formulate the correspondent recommendations for instructors on how to successfully develop students' team competence online. The study resulted in clarifying the component composition of the team competence, reasoning the psychological basis for organizing students' distance teamwork, and formulating pedagogical approaches to the successful organization of online teamwork. Also, several digital tools and instructions techniques are mentioned as recommended for avoiding the difficulties and challenges that were mentioned by the respondents in the survey. The obtained data can be used for theoretical substantiation of pedagogical models for organizing educational teamwork in distance and blended learning for sustainable development.

COGNITIVE CHALLENGES AND PROFESSIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY BRAIN IN ACADEMIA: A REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES AND POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS

Pregnancy brain, characterized by cognitive changes during pregnancy, has significant implications for women in academia, affecting professional performance and career progression. In this review, we focus on the physiological and psychological bases of pregnancy brain, its impacts on cognitive functions, and potential interventions for pregnant women. The objective of this review is to explore the phenomenon of pregnancy-induced cognitive decline, focusing on its physiological, psychological, and cognitive bases, and its potential impact on cognitive function. The impact of pregnancy on cognitive performance, career progression, and professional performance can be mitigated through increased awareness, research, and institutional support. By recognizing and addressing the cognitive challenges faced by pregnant women, academic institutions can foster a more inclusive and supportive environment, ultimately benefiting the professional and personal well-being of women in academic institutions. KEYWORDS: Pregnancy brain; Cognitive function; Women in academia; Professional performance; Institutional support

Leveraging individual differences in cue-reward learning to investigate the psychological and neural basis of shared psychiatric symptomatology: The sign-tracker/goal-tracker model.

In our modern environment, we are bombarded with stimuli or cues that exert significant influence over our actions. The extent to which such cues attain control over or disrupt goal-directed behavior is dependent on several factors, including one's inherent tendencies. Using a rodent model, we have shown that individuals vary in the value they place on stimuli associated with reward. Some individuals, termed "goal-trackers," primarily attribute predictive value to reward cues, whereas others, termed "sign-trackers," attribute predictive and incentive value. Thus, for sign-trackers, the reward cue is transformed into an incentive stimulus that is capable of eliciting maladaptive behaviors. The sign-tracker/goal-tracker animal model has allowed us to refine our understanding of behavioral and computational theories related to reward learning and to parse the underlying neural processes. Further, the neurobehavioral profile of sign-trackers is relevant to several psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorder, impulse control disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. This model, therefore, can advance our understanding of the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to individual differences in vulnerability to psychopathology. Notably, initial attempts at translation-capturing individual variability in the propensity to sign-track in humans-have been promising and in line with what we have learned from the animal model. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role played by the sign-tracker/goal-tracker animal model in enriching our understanding of the psychological and neural basis of motivated behavior and psychiatric symptomatology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Modular Ontologies for Genetically Modified People and their Bioethical Implications

Participants in the long-running bioethical debate over human germline genetic modification (HGGM) tend to imagine future people abstractly and on the basis of conventionalized characteristics familiar from science fiction, such as intelligence, disease resistance and height. In order to distinguish these from scientifically meaningful terms like “phenotype” and “trait,” this article proposes the term “persemes” to describe the units of difference for hypothetical people. In the HGGM debate, persemes are frequently conceptualized as similar, modular entities, like building blocks to be assembled into genetically modified people. They are discussed as though they each would be chosen individually without affecting other persemes and as though they existed as components within future people rather than being imposed through social context. This modular conceptual framework appears to influence bioethical approaches to HGGM by reinforcing the idea of human capacities as natural primary goods subject to distributive justice and supporting the use of objective list theories of well-being. As a result, assumptions of modularity may limit the ability of stakeholders with other perspectives to present them in the HGGM debate. This article examines the historical trends behind the modular framework for genetically modified people, its likely psychological basis, and its philosophical ramifications.

Literature Review: A Study on the Influence of Emotions on Intertemporal Decision-Making

In recent years, with the integration and development of psychology and decision science, the research on the influence of emotions on intertemporal decision-making has increasingly emerged, forming a new academic trend. However, the current research in this field is still preliminary, and most of them focus on the revelation of phenomena, while few literatures directly analyze the complex mechanism between emotions and intertemporal decision-making. Therefore, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological basis of intertemporal decision-making, and to guide people to use and control emotions more effectively in actual situations to achieve more satisfactory decision-making results, it is necessary to further explore the relationship between emotions and intertemporal decision-making. Such research can not only enrich the connotation of intertemporal decision-making theory, but also provide more scientific guidance for emotion management. This paper summarizes the previous research on the impact of emotion on intertemporal decision-making, and finds some current research areas and shortcomings, such as the lack of investigation of complex emotions, the lack of depth of research from the cognitive process itself, and the limitations of single-point results For example, to investigate the influence of dynamic emotions, daily emotions and complex emotions on intertemporal decision-making, and to make more attempts and explorations in emotional interventions.

ÜNSİYYӘTİN KOMMUNİKATİV MODELİ

The Communıcatıve Model of Communıcatıon Summary The article is about the communicative model of communication. The article presents communication as a complex process. A more complete and clear presentation of the communication model has recently been of interest not only to linguists, but also to other specialists involved in speech activity. Psychologists and physiologists try to unravel the psychological and physiological basis of communication with this model. The article compares the communication model with modern communication systems. It is noted that the units of the phonological level of the language are usually reflected in sounds. For this, in the process of historical development, the means of communication were formed in man, and man succeeded in pronouncing different sounds. Key words: communication, model, speech, phonological, brain, voice

Organizational and Social Psychological Foundations for the Development of Management Decisions

The head of a company makes important business decisions every day. The profit of the enterprise, the choice of reliable partners and the outcome of the work of the entire team depend on them. At the same time, all managers make management decisions differently. The article talks about the psychological basis for the development of management decisions. The social efficiency of a management decision is considered as the result of achieving social goals for a larger number of employees and the company in a shorter time, with fewer employees, and at lower financial costs. The organizational effectiveness of a management decision lies in the fact that the company’s personnel are involved in this work. Social is embedded in the personnel management mechanism, which includes levers of influence on people to coordinate their activities in the team. Formal relationships are consolidated in the form of functional or organizational structures of departments and the company as a whole. Informal (personal) relationships are established on the basis of common priorities of needs and interests, likes and dislikes. Informal relationships are also fixed in the form of a structure with leaders and subordinates, and have unwritten rules of relationship.

KASBIY SIFAT VA KASBIY KOMPONENT MUTANOSIBLIGI

In this article, it is stated that a pedagogue is a person responsible for the education and upbringing of his specialty before the society, at the same time, he must regularly improve his professional training, teacher, teacher, teacher, educator. , to have the right to be a pedagogue, to be more precise, to be the owner of professional competence, the ways to become a mature specialist are explained. Also, information is given about the psychological foundations of professional development, and the general role and function of psychology in the development of the individual is also widely covered. The psychological content of professional development is analyzed on the basis of military psychology.

METHODS OF CHECKING STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, AND ABILITIES IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING GEOMETRICAL MATERIALS

In this article, the method of monitoring the student's knowledge and skills in the process of studying geometric materials, the pedagogical and psychological basis of controlling the student's knowledge, the student's knowledge, skills, and competencies in the process of teaching geometric materials in the cross-section of classes. control methods are covered.

The meaning of “Emotion” (情) in Confucian philosophy

Abstract“Emotion” (情) is a very complex concept in Confucianism, but it can be interpreted in five dimensions. Interpreted as “innate instinct,” emotion refers to the cognitive attributes and physiological basis of emotion. Interpreted in terms of desire, it emphasizes the regulation and restriction of emotion. Construed in terms of Qi (氣), it indicates the source and path of emotion. The interpretation of emotion by nature (性) is most commonly used by Confucians and constitutes the fundamental position of Confucianism. Confucianism can both unify “nature” and “emotion” and also downgrade the status of emotion. The interpretation of emotion by Yin (陰) and Yang (陽) explains the nature and principle of emotion with the help of the rules of heaven. Ritual is based on emotional psychology, and the most basic emotional psychology of ethical life is the premise of Confucian social ritual.

Simplification for Efficiency: Development of Schema-Based Chinese-English Interpretation Training Programs

Due to the development of international trade and intercultural communication, interpretation is widely used as a necessary tool in some business occasions. The high demand for Chinese-English interpretation has also increased accordingly in recent years. Interpretation research has been built on the basis of multidisciplinary research, involving linguistics, psychology and sociology. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of the application of schema theory in teaching C-E interpretation. This study provides some evidence and interpreting examples of application of schema theory in terms of language schemas, formal schemas, and content schemas, as well as a three-stage workshop, namely preparation, training programs, and post-training enhancement, so as to shed light on some practical implications for interpreters, teachers and students. Effectively implementing of schema theory in C-E interpretation not only promotes oral output accuracy through words and information parsing, but also restructure information into an easier-perceived format, to solve the problem of vague oral expression. Therefore it is necessary for interpreters to clarify the content and characteristics of schema theory, receive systematic training, and proactively establish as well as activate as many schemas as possible to improve the efficiency and quality of C-E interpretation.

THE HISTORY OF CHATBOTS: FROM IDEA TO USE IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY

Objective. The study focuses how to explore the potential opportunities and benefits of using chatbots in applied psychology. To determine the best ways to integrate chatbots into existing psychological services and programmes. To analyse and review the literature to identify common trends and findings on the use of chatbots in psychological support. Systematising research in this area would help to understand the potential of chatbots, identify optimal strategies for their use and identify areas for further research into this technology. Methodology. The systems thinking is the basis for the research. The main theoretical methods of research: analysis, synthesis, deduction. This article is a review of the history of the development of chatbots in applied psychology. It includes studies investigating the use of chatbots to promote psychological health. Results. Research results promise relatively the practicality and safety of chatbots using to promote psychological health. But using them as a part of applied psychology should be done with extreme caution. These technologies can be termed experimental. Research in this area is insufficient, and it is mainly of a pilot nature. Conclusion. Topics such as the effectiveness and especially the safety of chatbots in applied psychology should be an integral part of future basic psychology research programmes.