Psychological Assessment Tools Research Articles

Developing an AI-based Explainable Expert Support System for Art Therapy

Sketch-based drawing assessments in art therapy are widely used to understand individuals’ cognitive and psychological states, such as cognitive impairments or mental disorders. Along with self-reported measures based on questionnaires, psychological drawing assessments can augment information regarding an individual’s psychological state. Interpreting drawing assessments demands significant time and effort, particularly for large groups such as schools or companies, and relies on the expertise of art therapists. To address this issue, we propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-based expert support system called AlphaDAPR to support art therapists and psychologists in conducting large-scale automatic drawing assessments. In Study 1, we first investigated user experience in AlphaDAPR . Through surveys involving 64 art therapists, we observed a substantial willingness (64.06% of participants) in using the proposed system. Structural equation modeling highlighted the pivotal role of explainable AI in the interface design, affecting perceived usefulness, trust, satisfaction, and intention to use. However, our interviews unveiled a nuanced perspective: while many art therapists showed a strong inclination to use the proposed system, they also voiced concerns about potential AI limitations and risks. Since most concerns arose from insufficient trust, which was the focal point of our attention, we conducted Study 2 with the aim of enhancing trust. Study 2 delved deeper into the necessity of clear communication regarding the division of roles between AI and users for elevating trust. Through experimentation with another 26 art therapists, we demonstrated that clear communication enhances users’ trust in our system. Our work not only highlights the potential of AlphaDAPR to streamline drawing assessments but also underscores broader implications for human-AI collaboration in psychological domains. By addressing concerns and optimizing communication, we pave the way for a symbiotic relationship between AI and human expertise, ultimately enhancing the efficacy and accessibility of psychological assessment tools.

Psychological and behavioral assessments in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty.

Idiopathic central precocious puberty (iCPP) is the most common cause of precocious puberty in girls. However, research on the psychological outcomes of iCPP girls is limited. To evaluated the psychological characteristics in iCPP girls in comparison to prepubertal girls throughout the first diagnosis and six-month follow-up period. Eighty-five girls, age 6-8 years, and their caregivers were enrolled to the prospective cohort study. Three Thai-standardized questionnaires were used as psychological assessment tools, including Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Parent Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) and Parent-Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Forty-six iCPP and 39 prepuberty girls were enrolled at baseline. No significant differences in psychological and behavioral problems between iCPP and prepuberty girls. However, the iCPP group exhibited a significantly higher proportion of "risk and problem" for emotional problems compares to the prepuberty group (7 vs. 0, p 0.01) while the prepuberty group exhibits the significantly proportion of "risk" for peer problems (6 vs. 0, p 0.007). At baseline, twelve percent of iCPP girls exhibited depression and mean CDI score was 8.1±7.2 and 3.7±2.3 (p 0.007) in iCPP and prepuberty group, respectively. At the 6-month follow-up, there was no significant difference in psychological outcomes between twogroups. There were no significant differences in psychological and behavioral problems in iCPP girls compared to prepubertal girls. However, the higher prevalence of emotional problems and depression observed in iCPP girls constitutes significant psychological issues that necessitate close monitoring.

Fluid Modernity and Virtual Communities: An Analysis of the Popularity of MBTI on Social Media

This paper, rooted in Zygmunt Baumans theory of modernity, examines the formation of virtual communities and the characteristics of liquid modernity as manifested in the widespread phenomenon of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) on social media. As a psychological assessment tool, MBTI has pervaded social media platforms, engendering virtual communities characterized by high fluidity and consumerist tendencies. Through participatory observation and online ethnography, this study delves into the MBTI virtual communities on the "Xiaohongshu" platform, exploring their consumerism-driven formation mechanisms and cultural attributes. In modern society, virtual communities exhibit dynamic stability and structural elasticity, with identity constantly being reshaped and redefined within these virtual spaces. The popularity of MBTI underscores the anxieties surrounding identity in contemporary society and reflects the liquid nature of modern identity formation. Under the influence of technology and consumerism, virtual communities have emerged as a significant social form in modern society.

What Psychological Factors Affect Return to Sports After Shoulder Stabilization Surgery? A Scoping Review.

Despite excellent functional outcomes after shoulder stabilization surgery, a substantial number of patients fail to return to sports (RTS) at the preinjury level. The psychological factors affecting RTS postsurgery have been underexplored. This scoping review aimed to identify and analyze potential psychological factors influencing the decision to RTS after shoulder stabilization surgery. We reviewed the EBSCOhost/SPORTDiscus, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for studies on patients with anterior glenohumeral instability who underwent stabilization surgery. We included studies that reported on RTS and considered the psychological factors influencing the decision to return. Our analysis comprised 21 articles involving 2073 patients. Psychological factors influencing RTS after surgery were categorized within the framework of transactional stress and coping model. Primary appraisal factors, such as fear of reinjury, kinesiophobia, and anxiety, emerged as significant influencers. In addition, we explored factors related to social support, self-determination, motivation, competing interests, and advanced age. Assessment tools were used to evaluate the psychological readiness for RTS. This scoping review identified fear of reinjury and kinesiophobia as important psychological barriers to returning to sports after shoulder stabilization surgery. The limited use of psychological assessment tools and lack of comparative studies have restricted robust conclusions. Level IV, Scoping review.

Analysis of Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS‐42) With Methods of Data Mining

ABSTRACTThis study employs advanced data mining techniques to investigate the DASS‐42 questionnaire, a widely used psychological assessment tool. Administered to 680 students at Necmettin Erbakan University's Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Education, the DASS‐42 comprises three distinct subscales—depression, anxiety and stress—each consisting of 14 items. Departing from traditional statistical methodologies, the study harnesses the power of the WEKA data mining program to analyse the dataset. Employing Naive Bayes (NB), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms, the research unveils novel insights. The ANN method emerges as a standout performer, achieving remarkable distinctiveness scores for all subscales: depression (99.26%), anxiety (98.67%) and stress (97.35%). The study highlights the potential of data mining in enhancing psychological assessment and showcases the ANN's prowess in capturing intricate patterns within complex psychological dimensions. By charting a course beyond conventional statistical methods, this research pioneers a new frontier for employing data mining within the realm of social sciences. As a result of the study, it is recommended that teacher candidates in the teacher education process should have knowledge about depression, anxiety and stress, and relevant courses on these topics should be added to the curriculum of teacher education programs.

Enhancing MBTI Personality Prediction from Text Data with Advance Word Embedding Technique.

Understanding human personality traits is crucial for various domains, including psychology, education, and human resources. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a widely recognized psychological assessment tool, categorizing individuals into one of sixteen distinct personality types. The existing methodologies, which primarily relied on Word2Vec embeddings and traditional machine learning models, showed promise but left room for improvement. To address this problem, this research focused on enhancing Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality prediction from text data through advanced word-embedding techniques, specifically GloVe and BERT. The research investigates the effectiveness of various Machine Learning Classifiers, including Random Forest, XGBoost, LinearSVC, SGD, Logistic Regression, and CatBoost, in predicting MBTI personality types. Additionally, the impact of preprocessing techniques such as text cleaning, tokenization, TF-IDF vectorization, GloVe, and BERT embeddings on classification performance is examined. Furthermore, the research explores strategies for addressing class imbalance through upsampling techniques. Results indicate high accuracy and performance across multiple classifiers, with XGBoost achieving the highest accuracy of 97.33%. The analysis of MBTI dimensions reveals nuanced insights into the classifiers' ability to capture specific personality traits.

Physical and Psychological Health Problems in the Elderly

Population Aging is a global phenomenon—almost every country in the world. With increasing age, there will also be an increase in various morbidity patterns in the elderly population. This study aims to determine the physical and psychological problems in the elderly and the factors related to the health problems of the elderly and appropriate interventions. The research method is descriptive with observational analytics using physical and psychological assessment tools. The measurement tools used were fall risk, cognitive impairment, sleep quality, insomnia, activities of daily living, joint pain, anxiety disorders and quality of life in the elderly. The number of respondents is 30 elderly who live in nursing homes and the technique used is interviews. The results of this study were 76.7% had a low risk of falling, 80% had no cognitive impairment, 73.33% had good sleep quality with a global value of 5.83, 46.67% had insomnia, 50% had anxiety disorders, 50% had independent activities, 66.67% had joint pain mild, and in general 83.33% quality of life is good. In conclusion, most of the respondents did not experience physical and psychological disorders, but most of the elderly experienced moderate joint pain and half of the respondents needed assistance to carry out their daily activities. Thus, it is necessary to have interventions that are in accordance with the needs of the elderly in nursing homes.

Divergent thinking as a predictor of life skills in patients with schizophrenia: Evidence from the modified Tinkertoy Test.

Patients with schizophrenia often exhibit poor life skills, posing significant clinical challenges. Life skills comprise cognitive functions crucial for planning daily activities, including divergent thinking. However, the cognitive deficits contributing to these diminished skills among patients with schizophrenia are underexplored. This study introduces a modified Tinkertoy Test (m-TTT) to investigate the correlation between life skills, divergent thinking, and psychological assessment tools in patients with schizophrenia. Fifty-two patients with schizophrenia, alongside a control group, matched for sex, age, and education, were evaluated using psychological assessment tools. For the patient group, the Life Skills Profile (LSP) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were administered to measure functional abilities and psychiatric symptoms, respectively. Additionally, duration of disease and antipsychotic daily dosage levels were assessed exclusively in the patient group. Both groups were evaluated with the m-TTT, Idea Fluency Test (IFT), Design Fluency Test (DFT), and Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) to comprehensively assess cognitive functions. A stepwise multiple regression model was conducted to identify significant correlates of LSP total score among the patient group. The schizophrenia group scored notably lower than the neurotypical controls on the m-TTT, IFT, DFT, and BACS. Our stepwise multiple regression analysis highlighted that the LSP total score was significantly correlated with the total m-TTT score and presence of negative symptoms. Divergent thinking could be a crucial factor in the life skills of individuals with schizophrenia. Rehabilitation programs based on this cognitive function might enhance their daily living capabilities.

SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN PAKISTANI MARRIED WOMEN WITH CURRENT EPISODE OF DEPRESSION AND BIPOLAR: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

The awareness of psychological disorders in the present times is increasing with the help of dynamic psychological assessment tools, advancing with progressive investigation methods. Current psychological literature significantly emphasizes on depression and bipolar disorders, their prevalence, assessment, and treatment protocols among the married individuals. Despite the increasing prevalence of depression among women, scholarly literature scarcely addresses on the impacts of sexual dysfunction on the married women in Pakistan, experiencing depression and associated bipolar disorder. The aim of this research was to study the impact of Sexual Dysfunction in Pakistani Married Women with Depression and Bipolar Disorder. A sample of 8 participants was selected with the help of purposive sampling. Each of these participants was diagnosed with depression and/or bipolar disorder and was undergoing therapy for the same. A semi-structured interview was conducted with each of these participants to deduce information about their disorders and sexual dysfunction. Thematic analysis was employed as the qualitative analysis technique for the evaluation of results gathered from interviews. The analysis revealed two main themes: Past experiences and current relationships. In the theme, experiences sub themes of parental relationships and childhood experiences were observed. Whereas in the theme Current Relationships, subthemes of the current marital relationship and current sexual relationship were observed. The themes and sub-themes revealed that married Pakistani women who are facing Depression and Bipolar Disorder, also go through sexual dysfunction.

A Scoping Review of PTSD and Depression in Adult Burn Patients: A Call for Standardized Screening and Intervention Research.

Despite the growing incidence of burn injuries globally and the advancements in physical recovery, the psychological aspect of burn trauma recovery remains inadequately addressed. This review aims to consolidate existing literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in adult burn survivors, recognizing the need for a holistic approach to burn recovery that encompasses both physical and mental health. The comprehensive analysis of 156 studies revealed significant variations in methodological approaches, leading to challenges in creating standardized protocols for mental health assessment in burn care. Key findings include the identification of a wide range of psychological assessment tools and a substantial research gap in low- and middle-income countries, where the majority of burn injuries occur. Only 7.0% of the studies assessed interventions for PTSD or depression, indicating a lack of focus on treatment modalities. The studies identified demographic factors, patient history, psychosocial factors, burn injury characteristics, and treatment course as risk factors for PTSD and depression postburn injury. The review highlights the need for early screening, intervention, and attention to subjective experiences related to burn injury, as these are strong predictors of long-term psychological distress. It also emphasizes the complexity of addressing psychological distress in burn survivors and the need for more standardized practices in assessing PTSD and depression specific to this population.

Optimizing process-based therapy: A Boruta-driven approach to Identifying key clinical outcomes in a Swedish validation of the process-based assessment tool (PBAT)

BackgroundThe Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT), is an item pool showing promising results in assessing psychological processes of change relevant for both psychotherapy and research in its original English version. However, further research focusing on translation and validation in other languages is needed for broader applicability. This study aims to translate and validate the PBAT in Swedish, and to examine the relationship with common clinical outcome variables. MethodsThe PBAT and STOP-D were translated and culturally adapted to Swedish. The study included 427 Swedish-speaking participants recruited online, with a mean age of 48. The PHQ-4 and Single Item Stress Scale were used as criterion variables. Correlational analyses and the Boruta feature selection algorithm were employed for data analysis. ResultsThe translated PBAT demonstrated significant correlations with clinical outcomes, indicating its effectiveness in a Swedish context. Positive PBAT items correlated with higher vitality and health, while negative items were predictive of sadness, anxiety, and stress. The Boruta analysis highlighted the importance of specific PBAT items to different clinical outcomes, underscoring the tool's validity. ConclusionThe Swedish version of the PBAT shows strong validity and reliability in assessing psychological health. This study contributes to the cross-cultural applicability of the PBAT, offering a valuable tool for psychological assessment in the Swedish context.

Shortening and Personalizing Psychodiagnostic Assessments with Decision Tree-Machine Learning Classifiers: An Application Example Based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9

AbstractThe development of psychological assessment tools that accurately and efficiently classify individuals as having or not a specific diagnosis is a major challenge for test developers and mental health professionals. This paper shows how machine learning (ML) provides a valuable framework to improve the accuracy and efficiency of psychodiagnostic classifications. The method is illustrated using an empirical example based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The results show that, compared to traditional scorings of the PHQ-9, that based on decision tree (DT) algorithms is more advantageous in terms of accuracy and efficiency. In addition, the DT-based method facilitates the development of short test forms and improves the diagnostic performance of the test by integrating external information (e.g., demographic variables) into the scoring process. These findings suggest that DT-algorithms and ML applications such as feature selection represent a valuable method for supporting test developers and mental health professionals, and highlight the potential of ML for advancing the field of psychological assessment.

Investigating Psychological Struggles of Ukrainian Migrant Students and Teachers Abroad Amidst War

Since the commencement of Russia’s extensive invasion of Ukraine, millions of Ukrainian citizens have been compelled to leave their homeland in pursuit of safety. Although two years have passed since the start of the war, the Ukrainian refugee crisis continues, as each internally displaced person risks facing psychological problems. In the process of migration, refugees and forced migrants face completely new, unfamiliar conditions. This situation not only creates a stressful situation for them but also requires active interaction with the environment. Thus, the migration of Ukrainians abroad requires expert and scientific analysis. The purpose of our research is to investigate the psychological struggles experienced by Ukrainian migrant students and teachers who have been displaced due to the ongoing war. It’s necessary to examine the coping mechanisms employed by migrant students and teachers abroad to deal with the psychological challenges arising from displacement and war-related trauma. Quantitative methods such as surveys and questionnaires were used to collect numerical data on the prevalence and severity of psychological problems in the target population. In addition, standardised psychological assessment tools were used to measure specific symptoms of trauma, anxiety, depression and other mental health indicators. The findings of this article can be a valuable source of information for various stakeholders involved in supporting the well-being and integration of Ukrainian migrant students and teachers affected by war and displacement. By translating the study’s findings into action, positive changes can be made to alleviate psychological distress and increase the resilience of this vulnerable group.

SELF-CARE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF NURSES CARING FOR COVID-19 PATIENTS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS IN BINH DINH, VIETNAM

Background: COVID-19’s emergence put unprecedented strain on Vietnam’s healthcare system, posing a variety of problems to the country’s nursing profession, potentially impacting nurses’ self-care and psychological well-being, and even putting their lives in jeopardy. When caring for many patients, nurses are constantly bombarded with information, producing cognitive overload in terms of safety. This has an influence on their physical and psychological well-being, as well as the risk of mistakes that compromise treatment quality and patient safety. Objectives: To assess the self-care, psychological well-being, and relationship between self-care and psychological well-being of nurse respondents caring for COVID-19 patients in selected hospitals in Binh Dinh, Vietnam. Materials and methods: A descriptive-correlational method was conducted on 180 nurses caring for COVID-19 patients from October 2022 to December 2022. Anchored on a four-point Likert scale, data were obtained using open-access and validated research instruments adopted from the self-care activities screening scale and psychological well-being assessment tool. SPSS software was used to process the data. Results: A total of 180 nurses participated in the study. The 135 participants were female, and 45 participants were male. Self-care was interpreted as "agree" in health consciousness, nutrition, physical activity, and sleep domains, with an overall mean of 3.21, 3.05, and 3.09, respectively. The psychological well-being was interpreted as "agree" in various domains, including autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and relations with others, with an overall mean of 2.81, 2.89, 3.09, 3.02, 2.85, and 2.89, respectively. Correlational analysis of the significant relationship on the assessment between self-care and psychological well-being of nurse respondents confirmed that: There was a statistically significant relationship between self-care and psychological well-being (p-value 0.000). Conclusions: The assessment of self-care and psychological well-being of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in selected hospitals in Binh Dinh, Vietnam, confirmed that health consciousness was the strongest component of self-care, while nutrition was the weakest component of self-care; personal growth was the strongest component of psychological well-being, and autonomy was the weakest component of psychological well-being. Moreover, the significant relationships between the self-care and psychological well-being of nurse respondents caring for COVID-19 patients imply that an improvement in self-care would minimally enhance the psychological well-being of nurses.

Experiences of nurses involved in air ambulance service: A qualitative study

Introduction: Nurses undertaking air ambulance service encounter environmental, equipment, and personnel limitations during their work. Moreover, they must cope with various types of injuries and illnesses, as well as changes in patient conditions. These factors pose a significant pressure on nurses. Currently, there is a lack of qualitative research on the experiences of nurses performing air ambulance tasks. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of nurses undertaking air ambulance service, with a focus on capturing their personal perceptions regarding this field of work. Methods: Twelve nurses were selected using purposive sampling, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The analysis identified three major themes: "Ambiguous and risky emergency missions," "Challenges during air transfer," and "Nurses’ personal limitations.” Eight categories were formulated within these themes, including "Mission uncertainty," “Urgency of medical conditions," “Hazards at high altitude," "Cabin environment limitations," "Inadequate equipment," "Incomprehensive operating mechanisms," "Physical discomfort," and "Recognition of professional shortcomings." Conclusions: Improving the performance and well-being of nurses engaged in air ambulance services necessitates the implementation of a psychological adaptation program. This includes the utilization of psychological stress assessment tools or engaging in role-playing activities. Successful patient rescues demand the establishment of comprehensive standard operating procedures, involving an interprofessional team. Supporting nurses in adeptly managing challenges during air ambulance services requires an expanded scope of education and training, facilitated through initiatives like situational simulation and similar approaches.

The influence of psychological readiness of athletes when returning to sport after injury.

Injuries are a common occurrence in sports participation; however, they have the potential to be accompanied by negative thoughts and feelings, which may play a part in the athletes' state of mind when they return to their sport. Assessing the degree to which this occurs provides an opportunity to evaluate and address athletes' state of mind before their return to play. To determine if athletes are psychologically ready to return to play after an injury and if there are differences in fear avoidance behaviour between those who were and were not ready to return. Eighty-eight athletes participated in this descriptive survey. Athletes' confidence to return to play was measured by the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Play (I-PRRS) questionnaire and their fear avoidance was measured by the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ). Fifty injured athletes with a mean age of 23.3±4.0 years old responded to the I-PRRS and the AFAQ questionnaires. The average I-PRRS score was 46.5±9.1 AU. The evidence suggests that 60% of the athletes were not ready to return to sport (41.0±7.5 AU), whereas 40% were ready to return (54.8±3.1 AU). The difference in scores was not significant. The relationship between the AFAQ scores and the I-PRRS score for the 'ready' and 'not ready' groups was not significant (p=0.066). The mean AFAQ score (26.1±8.6 AU) for the 'not ready' group is marginally greater than the mean AFAQ score (21.6±7.5 AU) for the 'ready' group. There was a negative correlation between psychological readiness to return to sport and athletic fear avoidance (r =-0.508, p<0.001). There needs to be a greater utilisation of psychological assessment tools like the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Play (I-PRRS) questionnaire, which can assist the athlete's support team, who can help identify athletes who are apprehensive about returning to sport after injury.

The Psychological Experience of Grandparents: Proposal of a Qualitative Clinical Assessment Tool in Pediatric Palliative Care.

In Portugal, there are over 7800 children with life-limiting conditions. The context of pediatric palliative care represents a complex and distressing experience for families. Compared to parental caregivers and healthy siblings, grandparents are underexplored in the literature and clinical practice. The aim of the present study is to propose a psychological experience assessment tool of grandparents in this context. It consists of a sociodemographic and clinical data sheet and a semi-structured interview based on sharing a testimony with other grandparents. On the basis of the latter, 10 dimensions were explored through the grandparents' own perspective: representation of the illness; representation of the sick grandchild; changes in routine and life; family impact; grandparents' contributions to the family system; social support and coping strategies; emotional impact; triple concern; needs identification; and post-traumatic growth. The tool can be used in person or remotely and may be combined with other instruments. Its application enables a personalized identification of needs and challenges for each family, promoting the adjustment of the clinical intervention to their wellbeing and resilience from an eco-systemic perspective. The clinical tool is presented in detail and its importance in the context of research and systemic intervention is discussed.

비행청소년의 부모 애착수준에 따른 새둥지화 반응특성 연구

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Bird's Nest Drawing(BND) test has any possibility to be used as a psychological assessment tool for evaluating the response characteristics of juvenile delinquents according to their level of attachment to their parents. The subjects of this study were 252 juvenile delinquents who received criminal punishment from a juvenile protection institution located in G City. And the research tools used were a Bird's Nest Drawing test and a parent-attachment scale to determine the level of parental attachment. Data analysis was conducted through cross-analysis using SPSS 25.0.&#x0D; The research results are as follows. First, in the response characteristics of juvenile delinquents to Bird Nests Drawing, significant differences were found in nest content, presence or absence of nest support and trees, distance from parent birds, threats, use of space, and number of colors. Second, in the response characteristics of juvenile delinquents to the Bird's Nest story, significant differences were found in the theme and emotion classification of the story content.&#x0D; Based on the results of this research, it was confirmed that the Bird's Nest Drawing (BND) test can be used as a tool to evaluate psychological characteristics through the level of juvenile delinquents’ attachment to their parents.

Prevalence of anxiety and depression in adult patients with CHD.

CHD are among the most common congenital defects. Due to the chronic nature of CHD, patients face various risk factors that threaten their mental health. However, a comprehensive understanding of the medical and social predictors of mental health issues in adults with CHD is lacking. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with CHD. This cross-sectional descriptive study focused on adults with CHD in Kerman, Iran. The participants completed demographic information alongside two psychological assessment tools: the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)-21. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26. The mean age of the participants was 29.94 ± 12.36 years, and 63.8% were female. According to the DASS, 73.4% did not have depression, 61% did not have anxiety, and 76.2% did not have stress. In total, 19% had mild stress, and 4.8% had moderate stress. According to the BAI, 27.6% did not have anxiety. Individual characteristics were not significantly associated with depression. However, gender, age, and type of surgery were significantly associated with anxiety. Cyanosis was significantly associated with stress. The results show that mental disorders like depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent in adults with CHD. The prevalence depends on individual factors such as age, gender, and disease severity. Therefore, it is recommended that mental disorders in this population be evaluated and treated accurately.

Long Story Short, I Survived: An Exploration of the Meaning-making Stories of Suicide Attempt Survivors

This study aimed to explore how suicide attempt survivors construe meaning in their experiences. Using the case study approach by Robert Yin (2009), qualitative research was employed. Purposive and snowballing techniques were used to gather data from primary interviews, key informants, and psychological assessment tools. The analytic techniques were thematic and cross-case syntheses. The findings revealed the participants' earlier experiences such as relationship breakdowns and prior nonsuicidal self-injury behaviors were risk indicators of suicide attempt. However unique cases were due to same-sex attraction and gender identity issues. Protective factors included social support, effective control over situations, and reason for living. The study identified five themes of meaning-making: strengthening social connections, positive religious coping: a belief in the presence of a Higher Power (God), developing new perspective to life, value positioning on gratitude and grit, and optimism. The study highlights the importance of holistic approach that recognizes the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of suicide. This study has implications for families, social communities, practitioners and future researchers to investigate and broaden the breadth of these relationships for theory and practice. In conclusion, the urgency of this research stemmed from the need to address the rising global suicide rate and enhance suicide prevention efforts. By amplifying the perspectives of suicide attempt survivors and exploring the multifaceted nature of suicide, this research can be ultimately contributing to the preservation of lives and the reduction of the worldwide burden associated with suicide.