Psychological Advice Research Articles

Postfeminist Stylistics, Work Femininities and Coaching: a Multimodal Study of a Website

The aim of this article is to examine representations of work femininities on a British website offering coaching specifically aimed at women. It builds on and contributes to studies of postfeminist representations but with a specific focus on work femininities and coaching webpages. Although studies on postfeminist representation have analysed the way young women's embodied and sexualized femininities are depicted across a wide variety of mainstream media, there has not been a study that focuses on the representation of work femininities on coaching websites. My approach matters because feminist authors critique popular psychology and link it to postfeminism and neoliberalism, but as yet studies have focused on self‐help books and magazines and not on newer media. Furthermore, coaching websites are an important medium for circulating postfeminist work femininities and psychological advice, produced through the digital labour of women entrepreneurs. Through my analysis of one website, influenced by feminist social semiotic multimodality literature, this article contributes to postfeminist theory and organization studies by explaining how ‘postfeminist stylistics’ reproduce postfeminist tropes and depictions of relational and individualized entrepreneurial femininities visually and textually.

PP59. SERVICE EVALUATION OF INFORMATION PROVISION TO PATIENTS WITH TUMOURS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN NINEWELLS HOSPITAL, DUNDEE

BACKGROUND: A recent report from the Brain Tumour Charity (BTC) found that 52% of patients with brain tumours felt the NHS did not give brain tumour patients the attention they required and 29% were dissatisfied with how health professionals addressed their condition. Poor information provision was one reason for low satisfaction. The 2014 NCPES report found that 25% of patients felt that side effects of treatment were not explained satisfactorily. METHODS: Service evaluation of Ninewells Hospital, Dundee was performed, between September 2015 and February 2016 at the CNS cancer outpatient clinic. The EORTC QLQ-INFO25 questionnaire was used to evaluate information provision to patients. Domains assessed included information relating to disease; medical tests; treatment; and other services. QLQ-INFO25 uses a 1–4 Likert scale with 1 representing the lowest level of information and 4 the highest. Scores were linearly converted to a 0–100 scale for the purposes of analysis. Patients were asked an additional eight ‘open’ questions to better allow patients to communicate their opinions and ideas relating to their care in a qualitative manner. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients returned questionnaires (eight patients left at least one question unanswered). Mean scores are reported for each question ±SD. The highest scores were for information relating to medical test results (87.3 ± 19.65), and to procedures of medical tests (84.85 ± 22.36). Lowest scores were for information received about causes of disease (36.84 ± 33.13) and about available rehabilitation services (43.33 ± 44.72). Other areas with low scores included information received about the effects of treatment on sexual activity (50.00 ± 36.60) as well as information about professional psychological support (48.48 ± 39.48). The overall score across all domains was 78.26 ± 23.80. 80% reported receiving written information at some point during their care. Responses to additional questions were largely positive and comments about staff complementary. Patients reported few difficulties getting to appointments. Three patients reported that the single thing done “less well during care” was the time to receive a scan/diagnosis. When asked what they would spend additional funding on, if available, 20% of patients said research into diagnosis and treatment. The remaining responses were variable, suggesting heterogeneity in CNS cancer patients’ priorities. 44% patients stated that nothing could be improved about their care. Possible improvements suggested included quicker scans, and for care to take place in a more local setting. CONCLUSIONS: It is unsurprising that levels of information provision are highest with regards to information received about medical tests and treatment, as most patients receive written information on these topics. The cause of CNS tumours is not completely understood, and so it is unsurprising that not all patients received this information. Information about other services may not always be addressed by the Ninewells hospital care team, as these services may be provided by other teams. These data will be used to implement changes to the CNS tumour service within Ninewells Hospital - particularly regarding psychological, social and sexual advice as well as other services - in order to improve information provision to patients in these highlighted domains.

Psychological and emotional needs, assessment, and support post-stroke: a multi-perspective qualitative study

Background: International stroke care guidelines recommend the routine assessment and management of psychological and emotional problems post-stroke. Understanding the experiences of those delivering and receiving these services is vital to improving the provision of psychological support post-stroke.Objectives: To explore patients’, carers’, and health professionals’ experiences of psychological need, assessment, and support post-stroke while in hospital and immediately post-discharge.Methods: Participants were recruited from seven specialist stroke services in the north of England. Qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 31 stroke patients, 28 carers, and 66 health professionals. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Two central themes emerged minding the gap: psychological expertise, and protective factors perceived to reduce the need for formal psychological support. The lack of psychological expertise among healthcare professionals working on stroke units was a source of frustration and resulted in other disciplines assuming the role of a psychologist without the required skills and training. Multiple stakeholders discussed the importance of protective factors, including downward social comparison, social support, peer support, communication, and information provision, that were perceived to reduce the need for formal psychological support.Discussion: Stroke patients need better access to psychological support, including information, advice, and peer or social support. More research is required to establish the effectiveness of alternative options to formal psychological support.

Predicting the psychosocial outcome of epilepsy surgery: A longitudinal perspective on the 'burden of normality'.

Good seizure outcomes and good psychosocial outcomes following epilepsy surgery do not necessarily follow one from the other. This study explored the relationship between several presurgical psychosocial characteristics and postsurgical quality-of-life outcomes. The study aimed to develop the concept of 'the burden of normality' and identify risk factors for a poor psychosocial outcome that could be targeted with ameliorative presurgery cognitive behavioral techniques. Data were collected from 77 epilepsy surgery patients from three UK epilepsy centers and presurgery and postsurgery follow-up data were obtained from 30-34 patients, depending on the measure. Measures were self-report. Postsurgery intervals were determined by the epilepsy surgery care pathway at individual centers. Presurgery poor levels of mental health, poor social functioning, increased belief in illness chronicity, and associating epilepsy with social role limitations were all associated with poor postsurgical quality of life. Adopting an accepting coping strategy presurgery was associated with good postoperative quality of life. Regression analysis showed that a good postsurgical quality of life was positively predicted by a presurgical coping style of being able to make the best of a situation and see challenges in a positive light (i.e., positive reinterpretation and growth from the COPE scale) and negatively predicted by presurgical levels of anxiety. These data are presented as an important step in identifying psychological red flags for an adverse psychosocial outcome to epilepsy surgery, as exemplified by the concept of the 'burden of normality' and specifying targets for preoperative ameliorative psychological advice.

A multidisciplinary approach to clitoral reconstruction after female genital mutilation: the crucial role of counselling

Objectives: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is becoming more widely seen in the West, due to immigration and population movement. Health services are being confronted with the need to provide care for women with FGM. One of the more recent trends is the provision of clitoral reconstruction. It remains unclear, however, what constitutes good practice with regard to this type of surgery. Methods: Based on a keynote presentation about reconstructive clitoral surgery, we briefly discuss the possible consequences of FGM and the findings from recent publications on clitoral reconstruction. Recognising individual differences in women, we suggest a multidisciplinary counselling model to provide appropriate care for women requesting clitoral reconstruction. Results: The literature shows that FGM influences physical, mental and sexual health. Clitoral reconstructive surgery can lead to an increase in sexual satisfaction and orgasm in some, but not all, women. A multidisciplinary approach would enable a more satisfactory and individually tailored approach to care. The multidisciplinary team should consist of a midwife, a gynaecological surgeon, a psychologist-psychotherapist, a sexologist and a social worker. Comprehensive health counselling should be the common thread in this model of care. Our proposed care pathway starts with taking a thorough history, followed by medical, psychological and sexological consultations. Conclusions: Women with FGM requesting clitoral reconstruction might primarily be looking to improve their sexual life, to recover their identity and to reduce pain. Surgery may not always be the right answer. Thorough counselling that includes medical, psychological and sexual advice is therefore necessary as part of a multidisciplinary approach.

The Politics of Clerical Sexual Abuse

This article examines the complex politics surrounding the Catholic Bishops’ responses to clerical sexual abuse in the United States from the first, public revelations of the scandal in Boston in 2002 to the present. It asks a compelling leadership question on three levels: how did the Bishops respond politically as individual diocesan leaders; as members of their canonical organization, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB); and as appointed officials of the Vatican? This article argues that the members of the hierarchy implemented disparate and often conflicting religious and legal responses to clerical sexual abuse in their various roles. They did this by accepting misguided psychological advice, relying on traditional religious exemptions, attempting to implement confusing institutional policies, and usually mounting ineffective legal challenges to canon law in civil courts. These actions reflected hierarchical ignorance and arrogance as well as a political underestimation of the compelling state interest to protect the safety of children over religious concerns to insure the autonomy of the Church.

The Association between Self-Monitored Reproductive Parameters, Pregnancy Outcomes and Acupuncture Treatment

Many women track their daily basal body temperature (BBT), an important factor in reproductive status, as a part of fertility self-management. This study involved 135 patients who had undergone conventional infertility treatment; they had weekly acupuncture treatment and we assessed BBT, menstrual cycle, menstrual period and menstrual bleeding amount pre- and post-treatment. We also analyzed the rate of insufficient description of reproductive parameters, comparing patients who had delivered a baby with those who had a miscarriage and those who did not become pregnant. Menstrual cycle and period did not show notable changes pre- and post-acupuncture treatment in all groups. Menstrual bleeding amount decreased in the no-pregnancy group. There was a suggestion that acupuncture decreased very long menstrual cycle (e.g. bimonthly) to monthly. The insufficient description rate of menstrual bleeding amount was high in all groups. Weekly discussion about monitoring reproductive parameters could improve patients’ awareness in self-management. To prevent miscarriage patients needed psychological and medical advice for careful self-management in pregnancy and menstrual cycle.

Methods and outcomes of screening for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in high-risk individuals.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal neoplasia, for which secondary prevention (i.e., screening) is advisable for high-risk individuals with "familiar pancreatic cancer" and with other specific genetic syndromes (Peutz-Jeghers, p16, BRCA2, PALB and mismatch repair gene mutation carriers). There is limited evidence regarding the accuracy of screening tests, their acceptability, costs and availability, and agreement on whom to treat. Successful target of screening are small resectable PDAC, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with high-grade dysplasia and advanced pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are employed for screening, and the overall yield for pre-malignant or malignant pancreatic lesions is of about 20% with EUS and 14% with MRI/magnetic resonance colangiopancreatography. EUS performs better for solid and MRI for cystic lesions. However, only 2% of these detected lesions can be considered a successful target, and there are insufficient data demonstrating that resection of benign or low grade lesions improves survival. Many patients in the published studies therefore seemed to have received an overtreatment by undergoing surgery. It is crucial to better stratify the risk of malignancy individually, and to better define optimal screening intervals and methods either with computerized tools or molecular biomarkers, possibly in large multicentre studies. At the moment, screening should be carefully performed within research protocols at experienced centres, offering involved individuals medical and psychological advice.

Особенности личности детей в семьях клиентов психологической консультации

Особенности личности детей в семьях клиентов психологической консультации

Perceptions about penis size among supposedly healthy 40 to 60-year-old Brazilian men: a cross-sectional pilot study.

Many men seek medical treatments complaining that their penises are too small (short) when in fact they are not (they are not cases of micropenis). The objective of the present study was to evaluate men's satisfaction with their own bodies and sex life and the prevalence of erectile dysfunction, among men who were not seeking medical or psychological advice. Cross-sectional study in a private, philanthropic hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. In this study, 300 male blood donors aged between 40 and 60 years old answered a questionnaire, in privacy, about their sex life and their satisfaction with their own bodies. They were also screened for erectile dysfunction by means of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire. Seven men (2.3%) reported that they were dissatisfied with their penis size (they thought that it was small), and among these, one was found to have mild erectile dysfunction. However, none of them had sought medical attention. Among these seven, only two had normal body mass index; the other five were overweight (three) or obese (two). The prevalence of dissatisfaction with penis size was low. Among the seven dissatisfied men, only one had erectile dysfunction, of mild type, and all of them felt potent.

After sexual violence: paths to recovery

TheReviewhas chosen to open this issue with the voices of those who have suffered sexual violence and have been overcoming the multiple ensuing challenges. All have benefited from health care, psychological, psychosocial or material support and/or legal advice provided by the ICRC, the relevant National Red Cross Society or local partners – the non-governmental organization Profamilia in Colombia and the “maisons d’écoute”in the Kivus, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The testimonies below reflect real, personal – sometimes very intimate – stories of persons who have agreed to share their experience, their trauma, the difficulties they and their loved ones have been facing, the way they have worked to overcome them, as well as their hopes for the future. In order to protect them and their relatives, their testimonies have been anonymized and references to specific locations deleted.

Historical–psychological reflections on emotion and human subjectivity

The changeability of human beings over time is the central theme of this article. Emotion in Western society, in particular grief, is selected to provide a case history of mental change over a long time period. Two historical examples are examined: from Greek Antiquity, a scene from Homer’s Iliad, and from around 90 ce, a consolation letter written by Plutarch to his wife. These are contrasted to modern-day psychological advice given to grieving spouses and parents. It is argued that these three examples show discontinuous changes in lived-through experience, and that the transition to the 20th century is tied to the development of the modern self. Finally, the article suggests that a concept (esthema) similar to Foucault’s episteme is in operation here, which can be used to characterise the differences in ‘emotion’ over the three time periods.

PP233-SUN MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY BY GENERAL PRACTITIONERS: SELF-REPORTED DIFFICULTIES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

Rationale: 15% of French people 15 yrs were obese in 2012. However, a few data on the self-perception ofmanagement of obesity by general practitioners (GP) are available. Aims of the study were to note the reported GP difficulties faced to obesity, their suggestions for improvement and their opinion on care. Methods: 200 GP of a French district fulfilled an anonymous questionnaire reporting epidemiological GP data, their perceived difficulties about obesity, suggestions for improvement and global opinion. Statistical tests were Chi2 Fisher’s Student’s t tests, variance analysis. Results: 34.0% of GP responded. 6.5% of their patients were obese. GP related to patients the five most cited difficulties: poor respect of physical activity advice (94.1%) of diet advice (91.1%) of psychological advice (72.0%) lack of motivation (92.6%) presence of eating disorders (83.8%). 58.8% of GP felt themselves ineffective, 52.9% thought they had too little time and 50.0% too little training. 28.0% were not interested by obesity. Lack of training was positively related to feeling of inefficacy (p = 0.007) lack of time (p = 0.03) disinterest for obesity (p = 0.0002). The main suggestions for improvement were to achieve a family feeding and school education (83.8% and 80.9%), better manage childhood obesity (83.8%), improve psychological care (76.5%), warn on effects of time spent in front of screens (70.5%) repay consultations by dieticians (69.1%). 82.4% of GP were unsatisfied by their global care of obesity. Conclusion: Coaching obese patients is important in GP activity but leaves them unsatisfied. They mainly relate obstacles to patients, but the lack of medical training is badly felt, with an impact on their self-perceived effectiveness. They think that family and school preventive actions are priorities. Improving the development of several sectors of care and networks could be explored.

The executive leader in the postcrisis era

The postcrisis-era executive leader should possess such important traits as self- adjustment; common sense in combination with intuition, emotions, and imagination; and the readiness to make choices in fifty-fifty situations. The most general definition of self-adjustment is the building of functional interconnections between (1) a subject's actions and state and (2) the actions and state of the surrounding setting. Building such interconnections allows for introducing relevant and purposeful changes in the subject's actions, depending on the feedback from the previous step. In other words, this is an algorithm of changes based on feed- back. All living things follow this algorithm. Self-adjustment serves as a pillar for one's actions and interpersonal relations and for companies and society. Control without feedback is nothing but a delusion. According to Leontyev (2003), those who do not consider the results of their own actions ought to be diagnosed as paranoid.Understanding the state of one's immediate surroundings means comprehending a situation with multiple variables. In a situation of crisis, it is important to update the present bridge between the past and the future and to build a new, more reliable one. It is important to come up with more thorough, strategic, determined, flexible, rational, and topical plans for life (to decide which programs to pursue and which to avoid). Kronik believes that such bridge-building usually starts with the client's realization of and consolidation of the sense of reality (Golovakha & Kronik, 1984). And it continues with reconsidering plans for life and resetting these plans; at this point new features can be found in the image of a new life.Ermakov tried an interesting experiment: he made his students (masters of karate) do the impossible. They were used to routinely breaking wooden boards 1inch thick with their bare hands: he suggested they should try to do the same with 2-inch boards. While doing so they had their brain activity registered by means of electroencephalography. The students accomplished the task success- fully only if the right cerebral hemisphere became dominant. The left one (the common-sense one) was telling them, This is impossible; you'll break your arm. Do you really want to? What for? The right cerebral hemisphere was responsible for generating emotions: interest, thrill, rage, excitement --and the thick board shattered (Ermakov, 1991).Accepting one's emotions is somewhat part of romanticism; it involves regarding one's own freedom as a unique emotional state that allows one to act responsibly. But what is a free-to-decide action? Where does a sensible decision come from, what is it based on? If my sensible decision is based in as I see it, then my personal attitude will most probably be built on the same base. Here lies the cause behind my real deeds and actions. Does decisiveness belong to the category of irrational (as opposed to rational, not in the sense of insanity)? And can it be that decisiveness is the key to the infamous contradiction between affect and intelligence? But in this case psychological advice would have an esoteric character. My inner certainty in understatement is my freedom; it's a unique condition that precedes a one-time, spaciotemporally precise action. Why is it a one-time action? Because any action, just like any event in a person's life and just like a person's life, is a one-time occurrence. Such an action has never been taken before and will never be taken again. Why is it a precise action? Because I will never have an opportunity to undertake this action again.A.Blatner, a psychologist, noticed two initiations in the lifetime of every per- son (2003). The first one usually occurs in adolescence, when one realizes that something in the world is depressing; this stage is hard to go through. The second one is connected with the midlife crisis, when one realizes that many things in life are depressing. …

A pediatric diabetes toolbox for creating centres of reference

ISPAD guidelines recommend age appropriate diabetes education concepts for young patients and their families as well as tools for nutritional management, psychosocial assessment, and psychological advice but their implementation in Europe is presently unknown. On the basis of a structured survey among the European SWEET members information on established tools and programs in national languages were analyzed using an extensive literature and desk search. These were differentiated according to five age-groups and five target groups (young people with diabetes, parents, and other close relations, carers in school and nursery, and healthcare professionals). Responses and original tools were received from 11 SWEET countries reflecting the European status in 2011. More or less structured information for parents, close relations, and carers in school or nursery are available in all 11 participating countries. However, only two countries followed the recommendations of having published a structured, curriculum lead, and evaluated program for different age-groups and carers. One of these was evaluated nationwide and funded by the respective National Health Care System after accreditation. In addition a huge variety of creative tools, e.g., booklets, leaflets, games, videos, and material for educating children of different age-groups and their parents are available - but most of them are not linked to a structured education program. Harmonizing and integrating these materials into quality assured structured holistic national education programs will be an important future task for the ongoing SWEET project. A comprehensive European diabetes educational toolbox is aimed to be published and continuously updated on the SWEET website.

Effect of continuous nursing treatment on the depression degree reducing of rectal cancer patients with stoma

Objective To explore the effect of continuous nursing treatment on the depression degree reducing of rectal cancer patients with stoma.Methods The study used the SDS and ordinary investigation material,evaluated 31 rectal cancer patients with stoma in one of Beijing Grade A hospitals between June and August in 2011,who had received continuous nursing treatment in convalescence stage after discharging.Results SDS score of 31 operated patients in convalescence stage after discharging was (61.45 ± 9.66),23 of them were suffered depression.Among 23 patients,one cases was diagnosed mild depression,17 cases were moderate depression,5 cases were sever depression.SDS score before the nursing treatment (61.45 ±9.66) was higher than that of domestic normal model (41.85 ± 10.57),and the difference was statistically significant (t =11.293,P ＜ 0.01 ).After continuous nursing,the SDS score of 31 patients (44.35 ± 10.41 ) decreased significantly than that of before intervention,and the difference was statistically significant (t =6.702,P ＜0.01 ).while the score was no significant difference compared with that of the domestic normal model ( P ＞0.05).Conclusions There are different depression degree of the rectal cancer patients with stoma in convalescence stage.Continuous nursing can effectively improve the depression degree of the patients.The nurses should pay attention to those discharged patients,and offer corresponding health education and psychological advice to the patients by providing continuous nursing service. Key words: Rectal cancer; Miles surgery; Depression; Continuous nursing

News from the Neuro-Oncology front

1 3 News from the Neuro-Oncology front 169 Neuro-Oncology, a fast evolving field in oncology, is gaining momentum in the molecular understanding of different brain tumor entities, a fact that might hopefully result in more potent treatment strategies. A landmark trial of the EORTC in 2005 [1] has set the stage for a widely accepted first line treatment in patients with glioblastoma (GBM, WHO grade IV), comprising maximal safe resection, postoperative radiation with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. Till date, there is no biomarker to guide this standard procedure, although it is well known that GBMs with a methylated MGMT gene promoter are more likely to benefit from combined treatment. Since there is much controversy about the role of biomarkers in Neuro-Oncology, we invited Mathias Preusser to critically review the updated evidence. What about standard treatment in other gliomas? For anaplastic (WHO grade III) gliomas, there is evidence from three phase III trials [2, 3, 4]. Based on the results of the NOA 04 phase III trial [2], either radiation therapy or chemotherapy seems appropriate as a first line treatment and vice versa for recurrent disease. There is emerging evidence from long-term follow up of two older trials [3, 4] that chemotherapy together with radiation therapy in the upfront setting seems to result in better outcome in LOH 1p,19q co-deleted grade III tumors. Whether first line chemotherapy alone would be an option in this favorable group of patients will have to be demonstrated. For WHO grade II, also termed low grade gliomas, we are still waiting for the results of a large randomized EORTC trial (22033–26033) in which upfront radiation therapy is compared to chemotherapy in patients with poor prognostic factors. Martin van den Bent shares his comprehensive experience on how to deal best with these tumors whose prognosis is particularly diverse. There are many other topics in daily Neuro-Oncology practice, for which there is still insufficient data on how best to manage patients. We therefore thought of inviting experts to discuss rare conditions, controversial issues, and novel trends in the management of different primary brain tumors. Primary CNS lymphomas (PCNSL) were treated for decades with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A large phase III trial has challenged an old paradigm, particularly about the best time-point of radiation therapy. Lauren Abrey with a long expertise in conducting clinical trials for PCNSL discusses unresolved questions. Meningiomas are mainly a domain of local therapies. When it comes to locally inaccessible recurrences, systemic treatment might play a role. A review about active drugs is presented by Christine Marosi. Patients with brain tumors face a limited life expectancy. They and their family members are in need of continuous support, psychological advice, and assistance memo (2012) 5:169–170 DOI 10.1007/s12254-012-0031-2

Estudio descriptivo de la evolución del servicio de asesoramiento psicológico y psicoeducativo de la Universidad de Alicante / Descriptive study on the evolution of psychological and educational counseling at the University of Alicante

This study analyses, in a descriptive way, the evolution of the demands for psychological and educational support, which University of Alicante students seek at their university’s counseling service, and the relation of those demands with gender, degree and semester in which the student is enroled, within a sample of 2643 students. The participants in the study had sought psychological and educational support from the Counseling Services of the University between 1998 and 2008. The results show a significant increase in the number of psychological and educational demands for support in the analyzed years, with a higher demand for psychological advice. Differences were observed in the type of demand, according to gender, semester and degree. Our results show a rise in the number of students requiring not only educational advice but also psychological support in each semester, which emphasizes the importance acquired by this service at the university.

Carers support

In the last few years there has been a weath of research and literature identifying the importance of supporting Carers. The End of Life Care Strategy(2008) identified four key principles...

S37-04 - Stimulant treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD - An update on efficacy and safety issues

Pharmacological management for children and adolescents with ADHD should be part of a comprehensive treatment plan including psychological, behavioural, and educational advice and interventions. If pharmacological treatment is appropriate, stimulant medications and atomoxetine are the most effective medications for ADHD. The European ADHD Guidelines Group (a panel of ADHD experts from several European countries) has developed guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD and published algorithms on the use of long-acting medications. Recently, the Guidelines Group has conducted a comprehensive review of the published literature on adverse effects of the drugs that are licensed in Europe, and most commonly used, for the treatment of ADHD or hyperkinetic disorder. This presentation will summarize those results and give an update on efficacy and safety issues concerning the pharmacological treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD.