Psychological Adjustment Research Articles

Effect of social support on Muslim women's sporting activities: mediating effect of psychological adjustment.

This study explores the relationship between social support and sporting activities of Muslim women and constructs a mediation model through role of psychological adjustment. Using stratified cluster sampling, 301 Muslim women were measured in group psychology using the Social Support Scale and the Sports Activities and Psychological Adjustment Scale. The statistical software SPSS 24.0 and SPSS PROCESS 3.3 were used for statistical processing. The common-method variation test was carried out using the Harman single-factor control test. Finally, the Bootstrap sampling test method and process plug-in were used to test the significance of the intermediary effect. (1) Social support has a significant predictive effect on sports activities (β = 0.32, p < 0.001); (2) psychological adjustment (β = 0.552, p < 0.001) mediates the relationship between social support and sporting activities [social support → psychological adjustment → sporting activities (95% Cl, 0.093, 0.323)]. Social support positively influences sporting participation among Muslim women, and psychological adjustment mediates this relationship. Strengthening social support for Muslim women can enhance their psychological adjustment, thereby improving their participation in sporting activities and offering valuable theoretical and practical guidance.

Family Functioning, Cognitive Autonomy and Psychological Adjustment In Adolescents

Family Functioning, Cognitive Autonomy and Psychological Adjustment In Adolescents

The Role of Spiritual Well-Being and Religious Coping in Psychiatric Morbidities Associated with Breast Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Background: Spirituality and religious resources support and enhance both overall and emotional well-being during adversity such as diagnosis of breast cancer. Breast cancer patients are at higher risk of developing severe anxiety, depression, and potential mood disorders. Aim: The aim is to assess, compare, and correlate spiritual well-being and religious coping in patients with breast cancer with and without psychiatric disorders (anxiety and depression). Materials and Methodology: Recently diagnosed 90 treatment-naïve breast cancer patients were selected in adherence to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Spiritual Assessment Scale, and Brief Religious Coping Scale were applied to the sample population. The study population was divided into two groups depending on scores of HADS, those having psychiatric disorders, and those who did not have. The data were analyzed using Mann‒Whitney test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient in the SPSS version 21. Results: More than half (61.1%) of the females suffered from psychiatric disorders after diagnosis of breast cancer. About 50% and 38.9% of the study population developed significant emotional distress, leading to the diagnosis of cases of anxiety and depression, respectively. Females suffering from psychiatric disorders have significantly lower spirituality, positive religious coping, and significantly higher negative religious coping than females without any psychiatric disorder. Total spirituality score (P = 0.034) is making a significant contribution toward predicting depression. Negative religious coping is making a significant contribution toward predicting both anxiety (P = 0.008) and depression (P = 0.045). Conclusion: The study suggests that spirituality and religion-based coping facilitates adaptive psychological adjustment to cancer and decreases the prevalence of anxiety and depression.

Mental health profiles of 15-year-old adolescents in the Nordic Countries from 2002 to 2022: person-oriented analyses

BackgroundStudies of time trends in Nordic adolescents' mental health have often relied on analyses of adolescents’ psychosomatic symptoms. In this study, we examine adolescents' self-reports on mental health in the context of the dual factor model, which encompasses both overt manifestations of mental health symptoms and subjective perception of one's health status.MethodThe objective of this study was to employ a person-oriented approach utilizing cluster analysis to discern time trends in mental health profiles of Nordic adolescents, using their psychosomatic complaints and their perception of their overall health as cluster variables. The resulting health profiles were then subjected to a comparative analysis with regard to different measures of psychological and social adjustment. The mental health profiles were based on data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, which was conducted among almost 50000 15-year-olds in five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) between 2002 and 2022.ResultsMental health profiles exhibiting comparable content were observed in all Nordic countries, including profiles indicating adequate health, perceived good health, perceived poor health, high psychosomatic complaints, and dual health problems (defined as both high psychosomatic complaints and perceived poor health). These health profiles showed similar trends over time in the Nordic countries. Significant gender differences were observed. In 2002, adequate health was the dominant profile for both sexes. After 20 years, however, the high psychosomatic profile became the most common profile among girls. Among the three risk profiles, namely perceived poor health, high psychosomatic complaints and dual health problems, adolescents in the dual problems profile had the most psychological and social adjustment problems.ConclusionsThe comparatively lower incidence of adjustment problems among adolescents in the high psychosomatic profile relative to the dual mental health group challenges the prevailing view that there has been a sharp increase in mental health problems among Nordic adolescents. This view was largely based on the observed rise in psychosomatic symptoms. Indeed, there was a doubling in the proportion of adolescents in the high psychosomatic complaints profile between 2002 and 2022. This increase was considerably more pronounced than that observed for the dual health problems profile which exhibited most problems.

Randomized Control Study to Evaluate the Effect of Rajyoga Meditation on Metabolic and Psychological Correlates of Health in Patients of Surgical Repair for Congenital Heart Disease

Objectives: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and their operative management are a source of emotional and financial stress to the patient and family. Rajyoga meditation (RYM) is a specific art and science of meditation that encompasses but is not limited to mind-body medicine theories, inculcation of values in life, and development of life skills for complete physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. The role of RYM has never been studied in CHD patients, especially children. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the RYM program on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and post-hospitalization behavior questionnaire (PHBQ) immediately after the program and after 1 and 3 months. Material and Methods: It was a single-blind, randomized controlled study. Subjects operated for CHD, in the age group of 8–19 years, were included in the study. Subjects in Group A received cardiac rehabilitation and RYM (Experimental group), whereas subjects in Group B received conventional cardiac rehabilitation (Control group). Result: At one-month follow-up, the experimental group showed a 14.18% reduction in RMR compared to baseline, whereas Group B showed 8.96% elevated RMR from baseline. Group A showed a more significant reduction in RMR at one-month follow-up from baseline as compared to group B (P &lt; 0.05). The patients who underwent RYM training had higher PHBQ (−9.0 [−15.6, −2.5], P &lt; 0.05) in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that the inclusion of RYM along with conventionally given cardiac rehabilitation enhanced metabolic resilience with lowered resting metabolism and enhanced recovery post-surgery in children operated on for CHD. There was an improvement in the psychological adjustment and behavior of adolescents.

Psychological Well-Being of Children with Asthma and Their Parents.

Background/Objectives: The literature reports that emotional disorders in asthmatic children and their parents may affect asthma control. This research explores the baseline psychological well-being of asthmatic children and their mothers' and fathers' psychological functioning, focusing on the influence of the parents' anxiety and separation anxiety on children's asthma. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled children with non-severe asthma and their parents, and a group of healthy children and their parents. The asthmatic children underwent anamnestic investigation, including asthma control and spirometry. Then, both the asthmatic and control triads filled a survey assessing their psychological functioning. Results: Among the 40 asthmatic children enrolled (8-18 years old), most had good clinical control maintained with GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) therapy step 1-2 (14 patients, 35%) or step 3-4 (26 patients, 65%); 12 patients (30%) had at least one steroid course in the year before enrollment. They exhibited normal psychological adjustment but elevated levels of general (U = 179,500; p < 0.001) and state anxiety (U = 170,000; p < 0.001) compared to healthy peers. Additionally, the asthmatic children's mothers displayed higher levels of separation anxiety compared to the fathers (t = -2.865, p = 0.006). Increased separation anxiety in the mothers corresponded to a history of at least one exacerbation in the previous year. Conclusions: The asthmatic children exhibited normal psychological adjustment with higher general and state anxiety. Also, their mothers showed greater levels of separation anxiety compared to their fathers. Lastly, higher mothers' separation anxiety corresponded to a history of at least one exacerbation in the previous year. The influence of the parents' psychological well-being on the children's asthma control was previously unexplored.

One year of COVID-19: A longitudinal study of individual and relational factors of psychological adjustment of individuals living in a romantic relationship in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This longitudinal study explored the impact of COVID-19 on individuals in romantic relationships. The sample spans three waves: first confinement (n = 52), deconfinement (n = 49), and second confinement (n = 26). The study tested sociodemographic factors, psychological adjustment (anxiety, depression, stress, well-being), COVID-19 threat perception, dyadic coping, and relationship quality. Results from repeated measures ANOVA and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) models revealed a decline in anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms, coupled with improved relationship quality over time. Well-being and dyadic coping remained stable, while COVID-19 threat perception increased. QCA models emphasized the predictive power of initial mental states (anxiety, depression, stress, and well-being at W1) on subsequent adjustment. Notably, shorter relationship duration, healthcare worker status, and not having children, when combined with prior mental states, explained increased symptoms and diminished well-being. The study underscores the significance of addressing these factors in individuals navigating romantic relationships during the pandemic.

Nurses during war: Profiles-based risk and protective factors.

Nurses in southern Israel's public hospitals were exposed to unusual traumatic events following the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel, and the ensuing Swords of Iron War. This study aimed to clarify the complexity of wartime nursing by identifying profiles based on risk factors (i.e., psychological distress and adjustment disorders) and protective factors (i.e., positive affect (PA), resilience, and perceived social support [PSS]). This study utilizes a cross-sectional design. Two hundred nurses at a major public hospital in southern Israel completed self-report questionnaires. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify distinct profiles based on nurses' risk and protective factors. Differences in profiles were examined alongside sociodemographic and occupational variables and traumatic event exposure. The LPA was conducted using MPlus 8.8 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) software. Two distinct profiles were identified: "reactive" and "resilient." The "reactive" group included nurses who had higher risk factor scores (psychological distress and adjustment disorder), whereas the "resilient" group included nurses who had higher protective factor scores (PA, resilience, and PSS). Furthermore, nurses in the "reactive" group were younger, with greater seniority, worse self-rated health, and a higher frequency of kidnapped family members compared to nurses from the "resilient" group. Nurses in wartime are at risk if identified as "reactive." Identifying these profiles can assist in developing effective support practices to help nurses cope with wartime challenges and maintain their mental well-being. Healthcare organizations should tailor interventions to prepare and support nurses of various ages and experience levels, during and after conflicts. This approach aims to reduce risk factors and promote protective factors among nurses during wartime.

Prediction and timely identification of postpartum depression: results of the longitudinal RiPoD study in the context of the literature

The first 4-6 weeks after childbirth are defined as the onset time for postpartum depression (PPD). Despite this known time frame there are significant gaps in the identification and treatment of PPD. The risk for postpartum depression (RiPoD) study investigated specific risk factors and predictors of postpartum psychological adjustment processes and the results are presented within the framework of astate of the art review of research. The dynamic neuroplastic changes in the maternal brain during pregnancy and the postpartum period appear to be closely linked to peripartum hormone fluctuations, which jointly influence the development of postpartum mood disorders. Hormonal risk factors such as baby blues and premenstrual syndrome have been found to have abearing on PPD. The combination of these two factors predicts the risk of PPD with 83% sensitivity within the first week postpartum. Follow-up digital monitoring of symptom development in the first 6 weeks postpartum has enabled an accurate identification of women with PPD. Understanding the interaction between hormone fluctuations, neuroplasticity and psychiatric disorders should be an important target for future research. Early identification and diagnosis of PPD can be easily integrated into the clinical routine and everyday life.

Relationship Between Psychological Adjustment and Athlete Mental Health Continuity

Relationship Between Psychological Adjustment and Athlete Mental Health Continuity

Religiositas dan Penyesuaian Psikologis Ibu Rumah Tangga Selama Pandemi COVID-19

The covid 19 pandemic has a great influence on the psychological condition of individuals, especially housewives. So that good psychological adjustment is needed. The study aims to determine the relationship between religiosity and psychological adjustment in housewives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling techniques with subjects as many as 385 housewives in Limapuluh Kota district. Data collection using 2 research instruments, namely the scale of religiosity from Fetzer and the scale of psychological adjustment compiled by referring to De Vito's theory. The results showed that there was a relationship between religiosity and psychological adjustment in housewives with a correlation coefficient value of 0.318 with a significance level of p&lt; 0.001 with a contribution to psychological adjustment of 10.1%. Psychological adjustment in housewives can be improved through religiosity.

Study on Sleep Procrastination Behavior and Psychological Prevention Strategies Among University Students During Vocational Awareness Internships

The concept of sleep procrastination is a newly introduced notion in the field of health behavior procrastination. It can be summarized as the behavior where individuals, without any external hindrances, still choose to delay their predetermined sleep time. With the rapid development of the socio-economic environment and the internet, people are increasingly going to bed later, making sleep procrastination more prevalent. However, psychological research on sleep procrastination in China remains significantly lacking. This study aims to investigate the current state of sleep procrastination behavior among college students during vocational awareness internships and propose psychological intervention strategies. Through an electronic questionnaire survey of 641 students majoring in Infant Care Services and Management from a vocational college in Weifang, Shandong Province, 541 valid responses were obtained after excluding invalid questionnaires. The results showed that the sleep procrastination behavior of the students was at a moderate to low level, with no significant impact from variables such as only-child status, gender, and place of origin. This study proposes intervention strategies for sleep procrastination behavior among college students through behavior intervention, psychological adjustment, and environmental optimization to improve sleep quality, overall quality of life, and academic performance in vocational awareness .

The relationship of the three “As” of adaptation: Acculturation, adjustment, and academic engagement of Ukrainian war refugees in Estonia’s schools

The article reports on a qualitative study of how schools in Estonia were incorporating Ukrainian war refugee students in the spring of 2023. Observations and interviews were conducted in 7 schools with teachers, school administrators, psychological support staff, refugee students in grades 7–12, and their parents. The study found that schools were balancing three overlapping goals: (1) to ensure psychological adjustment of the refugee students by creating a safe, supportive, and welcoming school environment; (2) to provide students with opportunities to learn and be academically successful, and (3) to facilitate acculturation of refugees into Estonian culture and language. These three “A’s”: adjustment, academics, and acculturation were important in all schools in the study. As schools engaged in implementing the three goals, they found that at times they were in conflict with one another, requiring them to prioritize some and de-emphasize others. The Ukrainian secondary school was created specifically for these students and prioritized adjustment but faced challenges motivating students to engage academically and learn the Estonian language. Russian-medium schools provided the easiest access to the academic curriculum in Russian, without the need to acculturate; but students experienced some anti-Ukraine attitudes from peers and teachers. In Estonian-medium schools, students had the best opportunity to learn Estonian but felt socially isolated and were unable to engage with the Estonian-language curriculum. The study highlights the need for schools to balance these different goals and work to resolve contradictions as they arise in their unique context.

The impact of health information echo chambers on older adults avoidance behavior: the mediating role of information fatigue and the moderating role of trait mindfulness.

In the digital media era, the prevalence of algorithm-driven content push has intensified the health information echo chambers phenomenon, characterized by excessive homogenization and overload of information. This phenomenon may negatively impact the older adults, a "digitally vulnerable" group, by limiting their access to diverse health information and potentially inducing health information avoidance behaviors. However, the psychological mechanisms within this impact process remain unclear, and this study aims to explore them. Additionally, current study introduces trait mindfulness as a potential intervention tool in reducing health information avoidance behavior among the older adults. This study constructs an impact model based on the Stress-Coping Theory and the Stress-Strain-Outcome (SSO) framework. It identifies health information similarity, relevance, and overload as characteristics of the echo chamber, constituting the Stress part; information fatigue as the Strain; and health information avoidance as the Outcome, with trait mindfulness serving as a moderating factor between Strain and Outcome. A cross-sectional survey of 236 older adults individuals aged 60 and above was conducted, and the collected data were analyzed using SmartPLS and SPSS. The study found that health information similarity and overload significantly increased health information fatigue among the older adults, thereby promoting avoidance behavior, but no significant correlation was found between relevance and fatigue. While there was no significant correlation between trait mindfulness and health information fatigue, it effectively moderated the avoidance behavior induced by fatigue. Current study reveals the impact of the health information echo chamber phenomenon on health information avoidance behavior among the older adults and the moderating role of trait mindfulness. It emphasizes the importance of breaking the health information echo chamber and promoting diverse information dissemination to improve the health information behavior of the older adults. Furthermore, the moderating role of trait mindfulness demonstrates positive intervention potential, providing the older adults with a psychological adjustment mechanism to accept and process health information with a more open attitude, thereby reducing unproductive avoidance behavior.

Remembering history: Autobiographical memory for the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, psychological adjustment, and their relation over time.

This longitudinal study examined age- and gender-related differences in autobiographical memory about the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns and whether the content of these memories predicted psychological adjustment over time. A sample of 247 students (Mage = 11.94, range 8-16 years, 51.4% female, 85.4% White) was recruited from public and private schools in Denmark and assessed three times from June 2020 to June 2021. The findings showed that memories weakened over time in detail and emotional valence. Additionally, psychological well-being decreased over time, with adolescent females faring the worst. Critically, memories including higher levels of negative affect and factual information about COVID-19 and the lockdown predicted worse psychological well-being over time, underscoring aspects of autobiographical memory that might help attenuate the negative consequences of the lockdown.

Specificity and integration of meaning in self-defining memories of breast cancer survivors: clinical reflections to promote a narrative identity integration.

Potential traumatic events, such as breast cancer, can influence autobiographical memory (AM), interrupting the continuity of narrative identity. AM is based on a hierarchical search across different levels of specificity that are indexed from top to bottom when a memory is retrieved. In the breast cancer field, non-specific AMs are an observed clinical phenomenon. In particular, breast cancer survivors report issues related to self-defining memories (SDMs), specific and significant AMs that evoke strong emotions and sensory details at the time of memory. SDMs are linked to life goals and facilitate adaptation to critical experiences, preserving the continuity of identity. This study explored the narrative identity integration process of breast cancer survivors, analyzing themes, specificity, and integrative meaning in SDMs. Ten women participated in an online group support program centered on the integration of AMs linked to the cancer journey. Participants were asked to assess their body image perceptions, filling out an online survey three times, in which they had to report three SDMs each time. A reflexive thematic analysis of the SDMs identified three main themes: the onset of breast cancer; the labeling of negative emotions, and changes in the body. The results indicated inhibited retrieval of specific episodes, fostering a progressive failure in memory characterization and the concurrent meaning-making process. Participants struggled with connecting the memories to insights regarding their self and life, as well as relating the memories to external conditions and other individuals. Further studies might examine the impact of these difficulties on the psychological adjustment of BC long-term survivors. They could also explore cognitive reconstruction by reframing the memories and re-evaluating their traumatic meanings.

Parent-adolescent family resilience and psychological adjustment in chronically ill adolescents: An actor-partner interdependence mediation model.

This study explored the relationships between family resilience, dyadic coping and psychological adjustment among adolescents with chronic illnesses and their parents. The actor-partner interdependence mediation model was used to validate the mediating role of dyadic coping in the relationship between family resilience and psychological adjustment. This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 318 parent-adolescents dyads were recruited from three paediatric hospitals in Wenzhou, Hangzhou, Shanghai city, China, between June 2022 and August 2023. The parents had a mean age of 41.62 years, and the adolescents had a mean age of 12.66 years. Participants independently completed a self-report questionnaire assessed family resilience, dyadic coping and psychological adjustment. Data analysis was conducted using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model. The findings suggest that in the actor effects, family resilience directly influenced psychological adjustment, and family resilience is related to psychological adjustment through positive dyadic coping. In the partner effect, parents' family resilience influenced adolescents' psychological adjustment through the parents' positive dyadic coping. Similarly, adolescents' family resilience influenced parents' psychological adjustment through both parents' positive dyadic coping and adolescents' negative dyadic coping. Additionally, there was a partner effect between parents' family resilience and adolescents' psychological adjustment. This study demonstrated the importance of developing effective dyadic interventions based on family resilience or positive dyadic coping strategies to improve the mental health of adolescents with chronic illnesses and their parents. The mediating role of dyadic coping in the relationship between family resilience and psychological adjustment among adolescents with chronic illnesses and their parents was demonstrated. Future psychosocial interventions should focus on increasing parents' positive dyadic coping strategies and improving adolescents' negative dyadic coping strategies. No patient or public contribution.

The Application and Development of Music Therapy in Rehabilitation Medicine

Music therapy, as an ancient and continually evolving therapeutic approach, has demonstrated unique effects and extensive potential applications in the field of rehabilitation medicine. This paper first explores the physiological and psychological impacts of music and theoretical models of its therapeutic mechanisms. It further details the specific applications of music therapy in neurological rehabilitation, motor function recovery, psychological and emotional adjustment, and chronic disease and pain management. The article also investigates the prospects of integrating music therapy with modern technologies such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence and emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and policy support in advancing this field. Through comprehensive analysis, the paper identifies future development directions and research needs for music therapy in rehabilitation medicine.

Developmental paths from parents' bicultural socialization beliefs to emerging adult depressive symptoms in Chinese American families.

Parents' socialization beliefs have implications for the psychological adjustment of their children through their parenting behaviors; however, such pathways have rarely been established among Chinese American families. The present study examined how Chinese American parents' goals for their children to take on bicultural values and behaviors (i.e., bicultural socialization beliefs) influenced their child's level of depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood through their parenting behaviors and the level of parent-child alienation. Data came from Waves 2 (adolescence) and 3 (emerging adulthood) of a longitudinal study of 444 Chinese American families. Mothers' reports of their bicultural socialization beliefs positively predicted adolescents' reports of mothers' autonomy-supporting behaviors and interdependence-focused shaming behaviors. In addition, there was a significant and negative indirect effect of mothers' bicultural socialization beliefs on emerging adult depressive symptoms through adolescents' reports of mothers' autonomy-supporting behaviors and emerging adults' reports of alienation to their parents. In contrast, there was a significant and positive indirect effect from fathers' reports of their bicultural socialization beliefs to emerging adult depressive symptoms, through emerging adults' reports of alienation only. Findings contribute to our understanding of bicultural processes in Chinese American families and establish that parents' beliefs have significant implications for the psychological adjustment of Chinese American youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast, Gastrointestinal, Gynecological, or Lung Cancer.

Individuals who undergo chemotherapy for cancer are at elevated risk of developing depressive symptoms, yet substantial interindividual variation exists in trajectories of these symptoms. To examine interindividual variations in trajectories of depressive symptoms during 2 cycles of chemotherapy and to evaluate associations between demographic and clinical characteristics, symptom severity scores, psychological adjustment characteristics (eg, stress and coping), and initial levels and trajectories of depressive symptoms. Patients (n = 1323) diagnosed with breast, gynecologic, lung, or gastrointestinal cancer completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale 6 times, over 2 cycles of chemotherapy. At enrollment, patients provided demographic information and completed a broad range of symptom, stress, and coping measures. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to identify characteristics associated with initial levels and trajectories of depressive symptoms. Interindividual differences in initial levels of depressive symptoms were associated with marital status, functional status, level of comorbidity, chemotherapy toxicity, sleep disturbance, morning fatigue, cognitive function, global and cancer-related stress, and coping characteristics (ie, sense of coherence, venting, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame). Interindividual differences in depression trajectories were associated with education, cancer type, chemotherapy toxicity, sleep disturbance, evening energy, evening fatigue, cognitive function, global and cancer-related stress, and self-blame. We present new findings concerning the trajectories and predictors of depressive symptoms during chemotherapy. Modifiable risk factors (eg, stress and coping) are important targets for intervening to address depressive symptoms in oncology patients.