Psychological Abilities Research Articles

The Inclusion of Sports Educational Activities in A Multicultural Educational Context. A Systematic Review of The Literature

The correlation between inclusion, sport and physical activity can be understood by policy agendas, as they place sport and physical activity as a means of enhancing social cohesion and as a means of facilitating cultural and linguistic empowerment of migrants trying to successfully settle in a new country. In the context of the present study, an attempt is made to demonstrate that participation in sports and physical activity is involved in the production and negotiation of cultural capital in various ways related to processes and experiences of cultural integration and exclusion. The systematic review of publications between the years 2010-2021 is attempted through the use of the preferred reference framework for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes (PRISMA). Existing findings support the role that sport can contribute in promoting integration. Nevertheless, there are different views. On the one hand, there is evidence to suggest that sport can promote interaction between people from different cultures. On the other hand, there are also indications that participation in sports can exacerbate cultural differences, thus causing tensions. Greece is, among many other countries, a country of intense diversity due to increased immigration. A clear National Curriculum should set the goals of physical education, which is an important part of schools and a compulsory subject in basic education. Physical education is a school subject that aims to contribute to the holistic well-being of students by supporting their physical, social and psychological functional ability and positive body image.

Analysis of Influencing Factors of College Students' Volunteer Service Brand Based on MOA Model

Brading college students' voluntary service is not only for the development demand of social welfare but also for the inevitable choice of the organization and professionalization of voluntary service. The brand has important guiding significance for promoting the long-term and effective development of college students' voluntary service and promoting the progress of social welfare. Thus, from the MOA perspective and based on a questionnaire survey of 254 college student volunteers in a city, we analyze the influence of college students' motivations and abilities on the brand-building of volunteer service, using a structural equation model to opportunities. The result shows that psychological motivations, government policies1, and professional abilities have a positive influence on brand building. Of all these factors, professional ability plays an intermediary role between psychological motivation and brand building. The result of this study provides countermeasures and suggestions for brand building from three aspects: incentive mechanism, guarantee mechanism1, and training mechanism. These findings have a great significance on the quality promotion and the management of volunteer service.

Emotion Regulation Strategies during Competitive Games: Examination of the Relationship between Reappraisal/Expressive Suppression and Psychological Competitive Ability*

Emotion Regulation Strategies during Competitive Games: Examination of the Relationship between Reappraisal/Expressive Suppression and Psychological Competitive Ability*

INFLUÊNCIAS DE APLICATIVOS DE EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO SOBRE A SAÚDE DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS OBESOS

ABSTRACT Introduction In a scenario of continuous improvement of telecommunications network infrastructure and the maturation of related industrial chains, sports-oriented cell phone applications can meet the needs of different types of user groups due to their characteristics - close to the human body, able to collect users’ health, favorite sports, location, and other personal characteristic data in real-time. With the support of cloud computing, big data, and other techniques, the regularity of users’ sports health can be analyzed. Objective Explore the effect of obese college students’ use of cell phone apps on their exercise routines. Methods 53 obese college students volunteered for the research project. They were investigated by a questionnaire about their use of apps to aid exercise and health. Then, the participants’ exercise status was monitored, including weekly exercise time, exercise frequency, and exercise items, among other pertinent data. Finally, physical health data collected before and after the experiment were analyzed and statistically compared. Results Some obese college students did not acquire the habit of adhering to physical exercise, their psychological resilience and ability to fight frustration proved deficient, and the effect of an exercise assisted by cell phone apps left to be desired. However, for some obese college students who determined to exercise, the regular moderate exercise showed an improvement in physical health. Conclusion Exercise-focused health maintenance apps can stimulate obese college students’ enthusiasm for exercise, making the exercise process more enjoyable, controlled, and scientific. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

The Effectiveness of Positive Psychology Education on Psychological Distress of Adolescents

Aim: The main goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology education on psychological distress of adolescents in shiraz city. Methods: The research method of this study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of this research was consisted of all male students of Arts and cultural Foundations of Shiraz city, in the year 2022. The statistical sample of this research included 30 boys' students of Cultural and Art Foundation of Vasta in Shiraz City, who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent twelve sessions of 90-minute positive psychology training sessions introduced by Seligman and Rashid (2006), but the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments were the Scale the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale questionnaire (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995). SPSS-26 was used for statistical analysis of data. Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the training of positive psychological abilities has been able to be significantly effective on the psychological helplessness of adolescents in Shiraz. Also, the results of this research showed that the training of positive psychological abilities had a significant effect on the components of psychological helplessness. Conclusions: Therefore, teaching positive psychological abilities can be an effective approach to reduce adolescents' psychological vulnerability and helplessness.

Cognitive Determination of Musical Thinking and Musical Self-concept of Students and Musicians: Comparative Diagnostics, Aspects of Modeling and Forecasting

The article’s purpose is to define the cognitive determination of musical thinking and musical self-concept of students and musicians, considering the cognitive style of the individual, analytical-holistic thinking, and individual psychological abilities. The study applies the diagnostic technique for the cognitive style of individuality (T. Dudnikova, O. Volkova), analysis-holism scale (Choi, Koo, and Choi), Cattell test (16PF - C), musical thinking questionnaire developed by authors (I. Mazur, T. Нrinchenko, O. Teplova, L. Onofrichuk, O. Priadko). The study presents the first approbation of the musical thinking questionnaire developed by the authors, the integral indicator of which is measured on the following scales: emotional response to music, emotional-intonational (melodic) ear, harmonic ear for music, perceptual ear for music, musical-rhythmic sense, musical memory, performing emotionality, musical-creative imagination – insight into the essence of the musical image, musical-creative imagination – interpretation of the musical image, sense of the whole – sense of tempo-rhythm, sense of the whole – a sense of shape, sense of the whole – sense of style, sense of the whole – the sense of the logical development of the piece of music, cognitive activity, self-regulation, ability to work. The authors empirically determine that the musical thinking of students is based on advanced abilities in terms of the sense of the whole – the sense of shape, emotional response to music, and the sense of the logical development of the piece of music. Dominants in musicians’ musical thinking are the emotional response to music, musical-creative imagination – insight into the essence of the musical image, and high cognitive activity.

Latent Profile Analysis of Self-Supporting Ability among Rural Empty-Nesters in Northwestern China.

The present study aimed to examine the multi-faceted self-supporting ability profiles of rural empty-nesters in northwestern China on the basis of the self-care ability, economic self-support ability, health self-maintenance ability, physical health self-maintenance ability, and psychological health self-maintenance ability using latent profile analysis. It identified the association of self-supporting ability profiles with demographic variables and sense of coherence. The analysis included 1066 participants (mean age = 70.2; SD = 4.3). The results of latent profile analysis identified three distinctive patterns of self-supporting ability-low physical health self-maintenance ability (C1, 20.5%), low psychological health self-maintenance ability (C2, 31.4%), and high social self-adaption ability (C3, 48.0%). The specific demographic variable age (p < 0.05), monthly income (p < 0.05), education level (p < 0.05), how often their children visit (p < 0.05), how often their children contact them (p < 0.05), whether they drink (p < 0.05), the frequency of physical exercise (p < 0.05), relationship with children (p < 0.05), relationship with neighbours (p < 0.05), medical insurance (p < 0.05), and the number of chronic diseases (p < 0.05) were significantly different among the identified three profiles. A statistically significant positive association existed between self-supporting ability profiles and sense of coherence (SOC) (p < 0.001). The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that a greater sense of coherence (SOC), age ≥ 80, monthly income (RMB) (RMB is the abbreviation for Renminbi) < 1000, a good relationship with neighbours, and one type of chronic disease were significantly associated with C1 when compared with C3 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a greater SOC, their children visiting and contacting them many times per week or once per week were more significantly related to C2 than to C3 (p < 0.05). This study revealed three groups of self-supporting ability and its related predictors in empty-nesters. The predictors related to particular classes of self-supporting ability can provide information for targeted interventions to improve the self-supporting ability of empty-nesters living in rural areas.

Skills as an objective point of teaching translation

Problem. The article deals with the issue of formation of university students’ translation skills. Such types of translation as oral interpretation, written translation and abstract translation are considered in their difference. The mechanisms of translation are described including perception and analysis of information, short-term storage memory, search for translation solutions, assessment of the correctness etc. The article considers the mistakes in the process of conveying the meaning of the original text like distortions, inaccuracies or indistinctness as well as searching for optimal version of translation and finding the optimal translation solution, analysis of translation options, paraphrasing as a way to an optimal translation solution, possibility of descriptive, tracing or approximate translation. The article analyses such difficulties as fake friends of the translator, polysemantic words, non-equivalent vocabulary and the ways for the students to deal with them. It also emphasizes the increasing demand for translators who have knowledge about international requirements for modern scientific discourse as our country is in the process of integrating in the European space including scientific one, which presupposes participation in symposiums, conferences, writing articles in foreign languages. Methodology. The purpose and specificity of the study determined the use of the method of description with elements of comparative analysis for a comprehensive coverage of the issue. Results. Learning written translation using authentic material is no problem nowadays. The article showed the cornerstones of the translation teaching process. Originality. The article goes into specific features that can appear even in familiar topics, which removes certain difficulties in understanding the meaning and gives possibility to concentrate on the linguistic aspect of translation. Formation of competence in translation of scientific texts is a good basis for mastering the translation of the texts from the other industries and spheres of human activity since they have a certain algorithm common for translation of special texts. The article also underlines the necessity of developing the personality of students as the translation competence includes linguistic knowledge together with general cultural erudition and certain psychological abilities which should be developed in students and encouraged by teachers. Practical value. Certain issues in the article can help the teachers organize the process of translation teaching in the class and as an individual students’ work.

Mental Health Educational Intervention Program and Its Effects on Students’ Well-Being

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the mental health of Chinese college students. The mental health and happiness of college students have become the focus of the government, schools and society. As a special group of society, college students are in the period of personality improvement and development, and their psychological endurance and adjustment ability is relatively weak. Their high self-positioning makes their desire for success very strong. When faced with economic, academic, employment, emotional and other aspects of pressure, often due to improper handling of psychological problems. With the continuous development of psychology, “overall happiness” has gradually become an important comprehensive psychological index to measure people’s mental health. The intervention of mental health education can significantly improve the level of college students’ mental health and subjective well-being. The intervention of mental health education should become an important content and approach of college students’ mental health education.

Learning Mathematics Through the Modern Didactic Principle of Polyformity

Modern teaching of mathematics tries to eliminate the mechanical memorization of a large amount of knowledge, and also tends to avoid the formal development of students’ psychological abilities. It is normal that such teaching implies the development of student abilities, not on worthless mathematical material, but on content that is of high quality in terms of education and training. Solving problems, which arouses students’ interest and triggers ingenuity, producing experiences of the tension of self-engagement, as a result, necessarily has the triumph of the inventor. Such experiences can create a tendency for mental work, making an indelible mark on the spirit and character of a young person.

A Comprehensive Review on Postpartum Depression.

One of the most common psychological effects following childbirth is postpartum depression. Postpartum depression (PPD) has a significant negative impact on the child's emotional, mental as well as intellectual development if left untreated, which can later have long-term complications. Later in life, it also results in the mother developing obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety. Many psychological risk factors are linkedwith PPD. The pathophysiology of the development of PPD is explained by different models like biological, psychological, integrated, and evolutionary models, which relate the result of the condition with particular conditions and factors. This article also explains the role of methyldopa as a medication used during pregnancy and the postpartum phase with the development of PPD. There are different mechanisms by which methyldopa causes depression. The large-scale screening of the condition can be done by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The diagnosis can be made by clinical assessment, simple self-report instruments, and questionnaires provided to mothers. Currently, there has not been any specific treatment for PPD, but selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like sertraline are effective in acute management. Venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine are serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitorsused for the relief of symptoms. The SSRIand tricyclic antidepressants(TCA) used in combination have a prophylactic role in PPD. Nowadays, women prefer psychological therapies, complementary health practices, and neuromodulatory interventions like electroconvulsive therapy more than previous pharmacological treatments of depression.Allopregnanolone drug made into sterile solution brexanoloneleads to a rapid decline of PPD symptoms. PPD is a common and severe disorder that affects many mothers following childbirth but is ignored and not given much importance. Later it affects the child's psychological and intellectual abilities and mother-child bonding. We can easily prevent it by early diagnosis and timely care and management of the mother. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology would also go a long way in preventing and managing the disorder.

An evaluation of quality of life (OHIP-14) in facial adenocarcinoma patient with adjuvant therapy: case report

Adenocarcinoma is a type of carcinoma that begins from the glands. Impovement in management of head and neck cancer have resulted in decreased mortality, increased survival rates and patient’s quality of life. The World Health Organization defines quality of life are include three things, physical function, mentalstatus and ability to socially interact. It is reported a 19-year-old male with a history of right infraorbital adenocarcinoma who had undergone hemimaxillectomy,chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient complains painful swallowing and soreness in the oral cavity. Extraoral examination face and eyes was asymmetrical,there was keloid tissue in the right infraorbital and dry lips. Intraoral examination found white plaque on the upper labial mucosa, the left buccal mucosa had severalerythematous lesions and brownish macules. Yellowish white plaque on the anterior two-third of the tongue’s dorsum and there are fissures. Necrotic area on ​​right hard palate with yellowish margin. The teeth at first region are edentulous, whereas regions 2, 3 and 4 most of them are radix. The patient’s quality of life was assessed using the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). Based on the assessment, the patient's quality of life at the first visit was poor with score 45, the next visit showed improvement with score 39, reduced in pain, improved physical and psychological abilities. It s concluded that oral and dental health is an important thing that can improve the quality of life of patients with infraorbital adenocarcinoma which is supported by good communication between doctors and patients.

The psychological ability to perceive the world in conditions of danger

The relevance of the study is determined by the stage of active changes in the modern world in the context of the global coronavirus pandemic in recent years, and for Ukrainian society, the introduction of martial law due to the aggression of a neighbouring country, as a result of which Ukrainians experience a sense of danger and an uncertain future, financial instability in difficult-to-control life circumstances that affect personal development. Therefore, the purpose of this research work is to determine and identify the psychological ability of a person to use personal resources to overcome difficulties in conditions of danger, to adapt, and to develop positive attitudes and skills during stressful and crises. The theoretical and methodological foundation of the study is conditioned upon the generalisation of many years of experience in exploring human psychological states, namely, the frustration of the individual in conditions of danger and the possibilities of adaptation to current living conditions. An important tool for exploring the subject was a survey conducted among internally displaced persons and people who did not leave their homes during the war. The research presents results that reflect partial apperception due to the isolation of people in previous years due to the pandemic and, as a result, the successful constructive experience of overcoming the new crisis, the individual’s adaptability and desire to overcome circumstances and generating conscious behaviour in times of danger. The results obtained can be used in further scientific research on the issue of a person’s psychological ability to perceive the world in conditions of danger, and for practical purposes.

Gender debate is not worthy in the 21st century classroom: Evidence-based outcomes from psychological abilities in students

The debate about differences in intellectual abilities is far from over. This debate has astronomically drifted from academic success to mental possessions. In this regard, the current study examined curiosity, creativity, and academic motivation in students for possible differences in terms of gender. A total of 568 high school students were surveyed using a cross-sectional design. The data were gathered using adapted curiosity, creativity, and academic motivation scales to test for possible differences. Male and female students had similar abilities in curious, creative, and motivated potentials, according to the test MANOVA results [F (3,549) = 0.718, p &gt; 0.610; Wilks’ Lambda = 0.993, partial eta squared = 0.007]. This could be the result of similar opportunities presented to both male and female students in their academic journey. Therefore, educational policies on gender parity should be developed to help tone down unnecessary comparisons and mental competition between male and female students in the areas of curiosity, creativity, and academic motivation.

Recovery Experiences from Childhood Sexual Abuse among Black Men: Historical/Sociocultural Interrelationships

ABSTRACT Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can result in devastating and long lasting consequences. Differences in the nature of the abuse differ for males and females and this difference potentially influences recovery. However, studies of recovery from CSA, especially among men, are relatively few, especially for ethnic minority men. The study explored the lived experience of recovery from CSA among African-Caribbean Black male survivors of CSA living in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. The theoretical framework was the transactional model of stress and coping, which proposes that stress is an ongoing transaction between the demands of life and a person’s psychological ability to address those demands. The study was qualitative in design, using an interpretive phenomenological approach, involving purposeful sampling, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and interpretive phenomenological analysis of the data informed by a critical race theory lens. The results showed that Black male survivors are situated in unique historical/sociocultural interrelationships that complicate recovery from CSA, including institutional racism and discrimination, restrictive narratives of masculinity, and other cultural norms. These findings can be used to influence policy makers, service providers, and communities, to more effectively support and address the needs of CSA survivors and their affected families.

On the Origins of Mind: A Comparative Perspective

One of the most fundamental questions in cognitive science pertains to how the mind emerges and develops, that is, what is the origin of mind? In this article we use comparative data to contribute to three important questions about the origin of human and nonhuman minds: ( a) which human psychological traits are ancestral and which ones are derived (i.e., which traits can we assume to be unique to humans), ( b) whether language has a role in developing psychological abilities, and ( c) what the cognitive architecture of animal minds looks like. Based on our selective review, we conclude that ( a) deductive reasoning, rather than relational or belief reasoning, is so far the best candidate for a human-unique derived cognitive ability, ( b) language and symbolic representation are not necessary for the emergence of conceptual and abstract thinking, and ( c) support for a modular cognitive architecture in animals is mixed.

Analisis Beban Kerja Fisik Terhadap Kelelahan Kerja Dengan Menggunakan Metode Cardiovascular Load Di PT. XYZ

Worker fatigue has a risk where workers who work in a tired state have a tendency to decrease in physical and psychological abilities which can have an impact on not being careful and not careful in doing work so that it can cause work accidents to themselves and others. Physical workload is a work activity that requires physical energy in humans which will be a source of energy. Physical work is also called "manual operation" where the performance of human work will completely depend on the efforts of humans who act as sources of energy and work controllers. Based on the classification results from the Cardiovascular Load (CVL) method, there are only two respondents who experience fatigue, namely respondents named Eka and Akram each week having a different classification. From the classification of %CVL in the 3rd week of taking the respondent's pulse data, it was found that the workload was excessive for the respondent named Eka and Akram but the highest data was obtained by the respondent named Eka with CVL data of 33.25% and at week 5 and 6 still with the same respondents who received the classification of&#x0D; %CVL 30%.

UsAge guidelines: Toward usable Saudi M-Government applications for elderly users

With the rapid adoption of digital transformation, the Saudi government launched several applications to provide many online services for citizens, especially under the circumstances imposed by COVID-19. As those applications were designed to service a wide spectrum of users, it is expected that some groups of users may face challenges regarding the usability of the applications. In particular, elderly users are expected to have difficulties while interacting with m-government applications due to the limitations imposed by the aging process, culture, and familiarity with technology. In the literature, there are some usability guidelines that describe how to design usable mobile applications for the elderly. Still, they rarely address differences in culture, cognitive and psychological abilities of the elderly, and the criticality of context in which a mobile application is used. Hence, in this paper, we propose a set of usability guidelines that are expected to enhance the usability of m-government applications for the elderly. The guidelines, called UsAge, cover three major aspects, which are elderly characteristics, culture, and context, that affect the usability of mobile applications. The guidelines were driven by conducting three usability evaluation methods on an m-government application: usability testing with users, cognitive walkthrough, and heuristics evaluation. In addition, interviews with Saudi elderly individuals were conducted to extract their characteristics and define their limitations in using such applications. These characteristics are utilized to customize existing m-government application guidelines. The guidelines emerging from the two phases were combined and validated by experts, who found them feasible, correct, comprehensive, and understandable. In addition, they found that they are unique and do not overlap with existing guidelines. The outcome of this paper is the UsAge guidelines, which are a set of 28 new guidelines that are incorporated into existing m-government application usability guidelines.

The Influence Mechanism of Political Skill on Safety Voice Behavior in High-Risk Industries: The Mediating Role of Voice Efficacy

As an important indicator to measure the adaptability and development potential of individuals in an organization, political skill is rarely considered as an antecedent variable in the field of safety voice. This study is based on impression management theory and social cognitive theory. From the perspective of employee self-service-oriented safety voice motivation, we took political skill as a predictor of safety voice behavior and introduced voice efficacy as an intermediary variable to construct a theoretical model of the relationship between political skill, voice efficacy, and safety voice behavior. We used the method of questionnaire to collect data from employees in high-risk industries. SPSS and AMOS software were used as analysis tools to examine the relationship between political skill, voice efficacy, and safety voice behavior. The study results show that: (1) political skill has a significant positive impact on safety voice behavior; and (2) voice efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between political skill and safety voice behavior. In this study, a new predictor of safety voice behavior and its mediation mechanism were obtained. Political skill can not only reflect the psychological cognitive ability of individuals in dangerous work environments, but it is also an important manifestation of the social exchanges between employees and organizations. In the special organizational context where China generally values "guanxi", political skill has a stronger ability to predict and explain safety voice behavior. This research can help organizations obtain safety-related suggestions from employees in a timely manner and realize the sustainable development of safety management.

The impact of adaptive sports on the social adaptation of disabled people

Adaptive physical education is one of the constituent parts of culture, which is intended for people who, as a result of disease, injury, anatomical or mental defect, have strong and sharp morphological disorders of body functions and organs. It aims to develop the individual's functional, and psychological abilities and, if necessary, compensatory mechanisms, which enable a person to achieve self-reliance (depend only on himself) and lead an active lifestyle. The main goal of disabled people's participation in adaptive sports is to restore lost contact with the surrounding world, to create the necessary conditions for restoring relations with society and joining it, to participate in socially useful activities, and to self-participate in the rehabilitation of one's own health.