Psychological Variables Research Articles

QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS AND THEIR SATISFACTION TOWARDS SERVICES PROVIDED AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN RAIGAD DISTRICT

introduction: Increased morbidity and mortality associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) negatively affects patient’s Quality of life (QOL), which is an issue of significant public health importance. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess impact of physical, psychological, social and demographic variables on quality of life among patients with ESRD undergoing Haemodialysis. Objectives: 1. To assess the Quality of Life of patients undergoing hemodialysis.2. To study the socio-demographic factors associated with Quality of Life. 3.To assess Patient Satisfaction in patients related to services provided in the tertiary care hospital Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in dialysis unit of a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai. All patients(n=51) who are ?18 years of age undergoing haemodialysis for at least 3 months were included. The study was conducted using Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36 item scale and Patient Satisfaction questionnaire. Results: The Physical component score (PCS) was 33.028.82 and Mental component score (MCS) was 42.057.23. The mean score of patient satisfaction was 66.255.75. Conclusion and Recommendation: The present study showed that kidney disease had a greater effect on physical health than mental health. Also, patients report satisfaction with the healthcare received at the health facility.

Assessing the Impact of Psychological Readiness on Performance and Symmetry in Functional Testing After ACL Reconstruction in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients.

Readiness for return to sports involves both physical and psychological aspects of recovery; however, the relationship between psychological and physical variables after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is poorly understood. ACLR patients with a higher psychological readiness would demonstrate better functional testing results at 6 months. Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Participants were evaluated at 6 months after ACLR with various patient-reported outcome metrics: Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale, pediatric or adult International Knee Documentation Committee Questionnaire (IKDC), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) - Psychological Stress Experience and ACL - Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) scale. Functional testing included quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteal strength testing; Y-balance test; single-leg single hop, crossover hop, and triple hop tests; and timed 6-m hop test. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression were used to determine associations between the limb symmetry index (LSI) on functional testing and patient-reported outcomes. Those with LSI deficits <20% (better performance) were compared with those with deficits >20% (worse performance). A total of 229 participants (89 male, 140 female) with a median age of 17 years (range, 10.3-30.6 years) were enrolled. IKDC had a moderate negative correlation with PROMIS - Psychological Stress Experience (r = -0.39; 95% CI = -0.49, -0.27; P < .001) and a moderate positive correlation with ACL-RSI (r = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.64; P < .001). A total of 151 patients completed functional testing. ACL-RSI demonstrated a positive correlation with single-hop LSI (r = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.35; P = .01) and timed 6-m hop (r = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.42; P = .001). When adjusting for sex, age, and graft type, patients who had <20% deficit on the single-hop test scored 16.6 points higher on ACL-RSI (P = .001), and those with <20% deficit on crossover hop testing scored a mean 13.9 points higher on ACL-RSI (P = .04). Higher psychological readiness for return to sport was associated with better performance and greater symmetry on hop testing 6 months after ACLR, suggesting a potential link between physical and psychological recovery.

Effect of Lavender Oil Leg Massage on Physical, Cognitive, and Psychological Variables of Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most important non-communicable risk factors that cause cardiovascular diseases. Complementary therapies including massage and aromatherapy are widely used in the management of HTN. However, studies on aromatherapy massage in HTN are limited. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lavender oil leg massage on physical (cardiopulmonary function), cognitive, and psychological variables of patients with HTN. A parallel-group randomized controlled trial, comprising 100 HTN patients aged 44.99 ± 5.39 years who were recruited and randomly divided into the study group (SG) and control group (CG), was conducted. The SG received lavender oil leg massage, while the CG received supine rest for 20 min. Outcome variables like blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), random blood sugar (RBS) level, oxygen saturation, pulmonary function, oral temperature, trail making test (TMT) A and B, and state anxiety and mindfulness were assessed before and after the intervention. The within-group analysis showed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, PR, RBS, TMT-A, TMT-B, and state mindfulness both in the SG and CG. However, a significant reduction in state anxiety was observed only in the SG unlike the CG. Moreover, the between-group analysis showed a significant improvement in state mindfulness and state anxiety in the SG compared to the CG. The results of this study suggest that lavender oil leg massage is effective in reducing BP and RBS, and improving cognitive function in hypertensive patients. In addition, it is more effective in reducing anxiety and improving mindfulness than rest in supine position in patients with HTN.

Pathways towards posttraumatic stress symptomatology: A moderated mediation model including perceived stress, worry, and defense mechanisms.

The general aim of this study was to examine the psychological variables associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, focusing on perceived stress, worry, as well as mature, neurotic, and immature defenses. Therefore, the differences in the study variables based on the levels of posttraumatic stress were explored, and a moderated mediation model was tested, controlling for gender and SARS-CoV-2 infection as covariates. A sample of 1,864 Italian participants completed the Impact of event scale-revised (IES-R), the 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the 40-Item Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40). 41% (n = 764) of participants showed scores indicative of a probable presence of PTSD. They reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress, worry, neurotic and immature defenses than participants with lower PTSD symptomatology. Perceived stress was significantly associated with PTSD symptomatology, both directly and indirectly through the mediation of worry. Furthermore, neurotic and immature defenses were significant moderators in some relationships of this model. Such data can provide useful indications to elaborate tailored interventions and specific prevention activities for PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Predicting Depression Among Chinese Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1: A Machine-Learning Approach.

Depression is a common psychiatric issue among patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). Effective management requires accurate screening and prediction of depression in NT1 patients. This study aims to identify relevant factors for predicting depression in Chinese NT1 patients using machine learning (ML) approaches. A total of 203 drug-free NT1 patients (aged 5-61), diagnosed based on the ICSD-3 criteria, were consecutively recruited from the Sleep Medicine Center at Peking University People's Hospital between September 2019 and April 2023. Depression, daytime sleepiness, and impulsivity were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) or the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for adult or children and adolescents (ESS or ESS-CHAD), and the Barratt Impulse Scale (BIS-11). Demographic characteristics and objective sleep parameters were also analyzed. Three ML models-Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)-were used to predict depression. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The LR model identified hallucinations (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.01-4.90, p = 0.048) and motor impulsivity (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.18, p = 0.015) as predictors of depression. Among the ML models, SVM showed the best performance with an AUC of 0.653, accuracy of 0.659, sensitivity of 0.727, and F1 score of 0.696, reflecting its effectiveness in integrating sleep-related and psychosocial factors. This study highlights the potential of ML models for predicting depression in NT1 patients. The SVM model shows promise in identifying patients at high risk of depression, offering a foundation for developing a data-driven, personalized decision-making tool. Further research should validate these findings in diverse populations and include additional psychological variables to enhance model accuracy.

Revisión sistemática de intervenciones para favorecer la actividad física desde una perspectiva psicológica

Interventions to promote physical activity (PA) are interesting alternatives to other specific treatments to improve health, even though not all of them are based on psychological theories, which would favor adherence and maintenance of such habit. A systematic review of studies on psychological interventions to promote PA conducted during the last 10 years was carried out. The searches were made in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Redalyc, ScienceDirect and Scielo. Of the 491 articles found, 13 met the selected criteria. All, except one, reported improvements in psychological variables, with nine demonstrating significant increases in levels of PA. Only six studies included long-term follow-up. It is possible to promote PA through psychological interventions, however, the scarcity of studies with Spanish-speaking populations and the variability of methods used suggest the need for further research on the subject.

Explorative sensory profile evaluation in central neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury.

Sensory profiling in neuropathic pain using quantitative sensory testing (QST) has not been extended to central neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating sensory profiles in patients with neuropathic SCI pain. We retrospectively analysed consecutive QST data from 62 patients with neuropathic spinal cord injury pain (SCIP), following the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain protocol. The study included at-level and below-level SCIP due to a spinal cord lesion, and at-level SCIP following a cauda equina lesion. QST parameters were compared between diagnostic groups. QST profiles of below-level SCIP (central neuropathic pain) were manually assigned to sensory phenotypes based on literature and expert opinion. No statistical difference in QST parameters between pain diagnoses was found. For central neuropathic pain (below-level SCIP), three phenotypes were descriptively observed: loss of function (59%), thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia combination (16%), and mechanical hyperalgesia (19%). The remaining 5% of patients did not fit a common pattern. There was no statistical difference in clinical and psychological variables between phenotypes. In a subgroup analysis, the loss of function phenotype weakly correlated with older age, longer time since injury, and longer pain duration. Here, we capture sensory phenotypes of central neuropathic pain following SCI. The limited sample size, high rate of missing values, and the retrospective nature of the study mean that results should be seen as strictly exploratory. Further research should replicate these findings and explore the significance of phenotypes. The evaluation of sensory phenotypes by quantitative sensory testing in central neuropathic pain due to SCI adds a new perspective on sensory phenotypes in comparison to peripheral neuropathic pain. The described thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia combination might represent involvement of the spinothalamic tract. In addition, there was a trend towards older age and longer time since injury in patients with loss of function.

Long-term psychological implication of the COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis among the Italian population

The enduring psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is a subject of growing concern. Despite existing research highlighting immediate challenges, there is a lack of comprehensive studies elucidating specific pathways through which psychological variables contribute to the pandemic’s long-lasting implications. Through a network analysis approach, we aimed to investigate the mutual relationships and associations between eating disorder symptoms, guilt- and shame-proneness, psychopathological symptoms, self-esteem, defence mechanisms, and mentalization and understand how they might interact two years after the pandemic's outbreak. From March to August 2022, 651 Italian young adults (females = 593, 91.1%) aged between 18 and 38 (Mage = 23.84, SD = 3.74) were recruited online and completed a digital booklet of self-report questionnaires. A weighted, undirected graphical LASSO network was performed to investigate the structure of the nodes. A stable and accurate network structure showed that the most interconnected nodes were psychoticism, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety, paranoid ideation, and immature defences, suggesting their central role in the network functioning. Findings emphasized the enduring psychological impact of the pandemic, elucidating the complex interplay and dynamic impact of key psychopathological symptoms and defence mechanisms. The network tested also provides valuable insights for developing targeted interventions and effective strategies to address post-pandemic mental health challenges.

A study on psychological variables predicting 2030 Korean men's support for gendered policies: Focusing on fairness and sexism

A study on psychological variables predicting 2030 Korean men's support for gendered policies: Focusing on fairness and sexism

Environmental and psychological variables associated with job performance in the local sector (an applied study on the General Office of Cairo Governorate)

Environmental and psychological variables associated with job performance in the local sector (an applied study on the General Office of Cairo Governorate)

Some psychological variables associated with coexistence styles among a sample of tuk-tuk drivers

Some psychological variables associated with coexistence styles among a sample of tuk-tuk drivers

Are Psychological Variables and Time Since Surgery Related to Rotator Cuff Strength and Functional Performance in Cadets After Shoulder Stabilization Surgery?

Traumatic shoulder instability is a common injury in the general population and the military. Surgical stabilization surgery reduces recurrence rates compared with nonsurgical management. Time since surgery is generally the primary measure of return to sport. There is a gap in knowledge on psychological variables and time since surgery and their relationship to rotator cuff strength and functional performance. It was hypothesized that, after shoulder stabilization surgery, psychological factors and time since surgery will be associated positively with objective physical performance tests, that physical performance will differ significantly between postsurgery cadets and healthy controls, and that surgical stabilization of the nondominant arm will demonstrate greater range of motion deficits than surgical intervention on the dominant arm. Case-control study. Level 4. The 52 participants (26 postsurgical [6-24 months after surgery] and 26 healthy controls) were all military cadets. Outcome measures were patient-reported outcomes, range of motion, isometric strength, and functional performance. No significant relationships existed between time since surgery and psychological factors to rotator cuff strength or functional performance. Significant differences were found between groups in self-reported outcomes, including the Shoulder Instability Return to Sport After Injury scale, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, quickDASH, flexion and external rotation (ER), and ER limb symmetry. Those who received dominant-sided shoulder surgery demonstrated a greater mean active range of motion deficit than those who received nondominant-sided surgery. Both groups demonstrated a significant loss in ER, but dominant-sided surgical participants also demonstrated significant flexion loss. Time since surgery and psychological variables did not demonstrate a relationship to rotator cuff strength and functional performance. Significant differences existed between the stabilization surgical participants and healthy controls in all patient-reported outcomes. Surgical participants with dominant-sided shoulder surgery demonstrated a greater mean motion deficit when compared with those who received nondominant-sided surgery.

Lessons from a longitudinal community-based investigation of adherence to guidelines and intent to vaccinate during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health challenge. The US Centers for Disease Control published guidelines early in the pandemic emphasizing practicing good hygiene and staying at home, which were later modified. PurposeUsing a community sample of 2152 participants in the state of Florida who responded to a series of online surveys, we tested a prediction model of adherence to guidelines and intent to vaccinate during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsParticipants were assessed in May 2020, June 2020, and January 2021. Predictors included sociodemographic and psychological variables. ResultsA slight decrease in adherence was reported over time. In multivariate models, older age, female sex, having health insurance, greater knowledge about COVID-19, more worry, less loneliness, and greater confidence and trust in COVID-19 information were all significantly and consistently associated with greater adherence to guidelines. Significant predictors of intent to vaccinate were male sex, greater knowledge, higher socioeconomic status, identifying as White, and greater guideline adherence (p's < 0.05). ConclusionsOur findings highlight a number of significant predictors, including knowledge, loneliness, and confidence/trust. Critically these variables are modifiable and could therefore serve as targets in public health interventions to improve adherence to pandemic guidelines in the general population, as well as certain demographic characteristics that may influence intent to vaccinate. COVID-19 knowledge appears to play a central role in both adherence to guidelines and intent to vaccinate suggesting that having accurate information is critical for appropriate behavior.

Psychological factors modulate quantitative sensory testing measures in fibromyalgia patients: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

Considering the growing evidence that psychological variables might contribute to fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), our study aims to understand the impact of psychological factors in quantitative sensory testing (QST) in FMS patients by performing a systematic review with metanalysis. A systematic search was carried out in Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases for records up until January 2024. We included 20 studies (n = 1623, 16 RCTs, and four non-RCTs) with low or moderate risk of bias included. From non-randomized evidence, our meta-analysis found a baseline relationship between anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing and QST measures in FMS patients. Higher pain catastrophizing levels were associated with less efficient CPM. Higher anxiety and depression were associated with lower PT. Randomized evidence showed a statistically significant increase in PT after fibromyalgia treatments (ES = 0.29, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.56). The effect was not influenced by treatment type. Moreover, we found that only anxiety levels before treatment negatively influenced the PT improvements after treatment. FMS patients with higher anxiety levels at baseline showed a smaller increase in PT after the intervention. Depression factor was not significant in either changes in anxiety or depression. Baseline anxiety levels should be monitored as possible confounders of QST measurements. Understanding how psychological factors and QST are related in FMS patients is critical for improving the syndrome's management and treatment.Protocol Registration: CRD42023429397.

Unveiling the Future of Retirement: The Opportunities and Obstacles in Modernizing Pension Schemes Across Africa

This systematic review offers a holistic understanding of the prospects, challenges, and best practices in modernizing pension schemes across Africa. With a rising aging population, pension schemes are vital for financial security, societal well-being, and poverty alleviation. The study addresses literature gaps by exploring economic implications, assessing elderly frailty, and investigating quality of life impacts. Following PRISMA guidelines and using the PICOS framework, multiple electronic databases were searched for papers published between February 2010 and April 2022, focusing on African pension schemes. Thirty-one studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Findings indicate that while pension schemes improve mental health, food security, and societal structures, they face challenges such as data scarcity, financial sustainability, social dynamics, and institutional barriers. Best practices include tailored interventions, financial flexibility, and healthcare integration. This paper uniquely synthesizes multiple disciplines, providing an integrated perspective and filling a significant literature gap. The study introduces models considering economic, psychological, and health-related variables, enhancing theoretical understanding. For practitioners, it offers adaptable best practices for regional and cultural contexts in Africa, including financial diversification, healthcare integration, and legal clarity. The societal impact extends to the elderly, their families, and communities, providing critical insights for policymakers to design effective, sustainable pension schemes to improve the quality of life for Africa’s aging population.

The role of psychological factors on improving work engagement among nurses.

Work engagement is affected by many psychological variables including emotional intelligence, psychological empowerment, and resilience that are not well-studied among nurses. This study aims to examine the impact of emotional intelligence on the work engagement of critical care nurses, and the mediating role of resilience and psychological empowerment. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted in this study among 150 critical care nurses at one university hospital in Saudi Arabia. Independent t-test and correlational analysis were used to assess relationships between study variables. A multi-step regression model was used to assess the mediatory effect. The results showed that a statistically significant positive association exists between each of the study variables (p < 0.01). The regression model showed that higher resilience (p < 0.001) and psychological empowerment (p < 0.001) predicted higher work engagement. The model predicted 33.3% of the changes in work engagement scores among critical care nurses. To enhance work performance and quality of care rendered at critical care units, higher emphasis should be placed on emotional intelligence and other significant psychological variables.

Intention to have blood-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) screening: a cross-sectional population-based survey in England

BackgroundTrials assessing the clinical utility of blood-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests are underway. Understanding public attitudes towards MCED screening is essential if these tests are to be used. We aimed to quantify MCED screening intention and potential barriers and facilitators to uptake.MethodsAdults aged 50–77 (n = 958) completed an online survey. The primary outcome was intention to have MCED screening if offered. Psychological variables including barriers and facilitators were assessed. We used logistic regressions to explore associations between socio-demographics and psychological factors and intention.Results93.8% of participants said they would ‘definitely’ or ‘probably’ have MCED screening if offered. Intention was significantly associated with previous screening participation and general cancer attitudes but not with socio-demographic factors. Participants were more likely to be intenders if they had higher health motivation, and perceived greater benefits of blood tests. Participants were less likely to be intenders if they perceived greater disadvantages of blood tests, more practical barriers, were more worried about the outcome and more concerned about a positive result.Conclusions and implicationsMCED screening intention was high. The lack of socio-demographic variation suggests equitable interest in this type of screening; however, future research should consider how intention translates to uptake.

Exploring Neurocognitive and Emotional Outcomes of Long COVID: A Study Among Pakistani Patients.

Background and objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primarily a respiratory illness, also significantly impacts neurocognitive and emotional health, particularly in its long-term manifestation known as long COVID. This study aimed to investigate the neurocognitive and emotional outcomes of long-term COVID-19 in Pakistani patients, to address the persisting symptoms and their effects on mental health and cognitive function. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 100 adult participants who had been COVID-19-free was conducted in Islamabad between March 2022 and March 2023. Participants were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Punishing Allah Reappraisal Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics v26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), employing chi-square tests, t-tests, and ANOVA. Results The study revealed significant correlations between COVID-19 symptoms and psychological variables. COVID-19 symptoms showed a negative correlation with MMSE scores (r = -0.04, p<0.01) and positive correlations with ADHD(r = 0.13, p<0.05), depression (r = 0.14, p<0.05), and anxiety (r = 0.25, p<0.05). Females reported higher levels of depression [mean: 1.21, standard deviation (SD): 0.83] and anxiety (mean: 1.33, SD:0.86) compared to males. Conclusions Our findings highlight the extensive impact of long-term COVID-19 on neurocognitive and emotional health, with significant gender differences observed in emotional outcomes. These results emphasize the need for integrated mental health services in post-COVID-19 care plans, as well as gender-sensitive interventions.

Maladaptive daydreaming as emotion regulation strategy: exploring the association with emotion regulation, psychological symptoms, and negative problem-solving orientation

Maladaptive Daydreaming (MD) is a dysfunctional mental activity characterized by an excessive immersion in fantasy, whose function is being increasingly discussed and investigated. Accordingly, this study aims to examine its function as an emotion regulation strategy among MDers by evaluating the pattern of associations among MD, emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, anxiety, depression, stress symptoms, and negative problem-solving orientation. The mediating role of MD level in the association between difficulties in ER and both the psychological distress variables and negative problem-solving orientation was evaluated. N = 252 MDers, aged 18–70 years (Mage = 30.63, SD = 11.40, 84.1% females), participated in the study and completed self-report measures. Some unexpected results emerged: among difficulties in ER’s dimensions, only lack of emotional self-awareness negatively and significantly associated with all symptom variables; solely difficulty pursuing goals when experiencing negative emotions and reduced trust in one’s capacity to self-regulate positively and significantly correlated with MD. MD negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and negative problem-solving orientation. Three mediation models showed the mediating role of MD in reducing the negative effect of difficulty pursuing goals when experiencing negative emotions on both anxiety and negative problem-solving orientation and of trust in one’s capacity to self-regulate on negative problem-solving orientation. Overall, findings seem to point to functional peculiarities among MDers and support the view of MD as an emotion regulation strategy allowing the management and reduction of negative emotions and negative perceptions of problem situations. Notwithstanding, further research evaluating the potential moderating role of MD-specific fantasies is warranted. Unexpected findings are discussed.

Understanding the Associations between Executive Function and Psychological Variables in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Network Analysis Approach.

The aim of this study was to quantify the multivariate relationships between clinical, cognitive performance, executive functioning, and psychological outcomes in women with fibromyalgia (FMS) using network analyses. Demographic (age, height, weight), clinical (pain history, pain intensity, and related disability), neurocognitive (D2 Attention test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure for visual perception, "Digits D/R/I" tests of the WAIS-IV battery for working memory, the 5-Digit Test for mental inhibition, the Symbol Search for processing speed and the Zoo Test for planning/decision making) and psychological (depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, sleep quality, pain hypervigilance) variables were collected in 129 women with FMS and 111 healthy women. Network analyses were conducted separately for each group to quantify the adjusted correlations between the modeled variables and to assess their centrality indices (i.e., connectivity with other symptoms in the network and their importance in the network). The network identified 74 associations in FMS women and 46 associations in controls with small differences. The strongest correlations in both groups were found between different attention variables: d2_CON with d2_C, d2_O with d_2TR, and d2_CON with d2_TA. The most central variables were d2_TA, d2_C, and d2_CON (highest strength centrality in both groups) and anxiety levels and pain hypervigilance (highest harmonic centrality in FMS women). The strength centrality of the network was stable for women with FMS (CScor0.7: 0.68) but not for healthy women (CScor0.7: 0.28). This study found that attention variables are most relevant within a neurocognitive network and that psychological variables are most important for the treatment of women with FMS. The clinical implications of the current findings, such as the development of treatments targeting these variables, are discussed.