Psychophysiological Parameters Research Articles

The Relationship Between the Tolerance for Uncertainty and Psychophysiological Qualities of Servicemen

"The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between the tolerance for uncertainty level and several psychophysiological and psychological qualities of military specialists for determining additional approaches to occupational selection. The study was conducted on a group of servicemen who performed special tasks and were capable of responding to terrorism – 49 men (main group) and 19 military doctors (control group) – men aged 25-34 years. Tolerance for uncertainty was studied based on the modified S. Badnder’s method. The level of manipulation score (MAC) was assessed by the adapted I.A. Romanova and O.O. Zhdanov questionnaire (estimated by the so-called ""MacScale""). Psycho-physiological parameters were determined using a special computer program. Statistical analysis of data was performed by descriptive and nonparametric statistics, as well as a cluster, stepwise discriminant, and correlation analysis. A personality trait “tolerance for uncertainty” was valuable for the occupational activity of servicemen performing special tasks. The such feature had 63.3% of servicemen in the studied group. The specificity of the occupational activity of military doctors was the quality of manipulation of people. Moreover, those who were the most tolerant of uncertainty had an inverse relationship with Machiavellianism, which indicates the existence of compensatory psychological mechanisms balancing and harmonizing service and personal relationships among micro-teams of servicemen. Servicemen with a lower level of tolerance for uncertainty had positive relationships with several psychophysiological functions (strength and mobility of nervous processes, quality of dynamic memorization), which confirms the idea of psychophysiological mechanisms to enhance tolerance for uncertainty by increasing the working capacity of these people. Such personal quality as tolerance for uncertainty is a valuable occupationally important feature that allows performing the selection of servicemen who are more efficient and reliable in the performance of official duties tasks. "

Comprehensive analysis of the efficacy of personalized rehabilitation programs in patients with breast cancer

To perform the comprehensive analysis of the efficacy of personalized rehabilitation programs in patients with BC. The combined comparative multi-centre randomised trial of rehabilitation program efficacy in patients with breast cancer was done. The study included 219 patients aged from 30 to 45 years (median 39.4 year), who were divided into 2 groups. The rehabilitation by programs, that included current personalized rehabilitative techniques (RT) with proved efficiency, based on scientometrical analysis of evidential research was performed in the first group patients. In the second group aftercare was done according to the standard programs. The comprehensive evaluation of treatment efficacy was conducted in several stages: 1) performance analysis of rehabilitative programs; 2) verification of the effectiveness' determinant of rehabilitation; 3) factor analysis to assess the mechanisms of therapeutic effects in experimental groups; 4) comparative analysis of alternative strategies for selecting rehabilitation programs. The use of rehabilitative programs, based on recommended RT, changes the rehabilitation structure, significantly increasing its efficacy by 17%. Furthermore, the percentage of high-efficiency usage of this type programs increases by 17% compared with standard programs. The main determinants, affecting the efficacy of rehabilitation programs, based on selected RT, are anamnestic data, parameters of exercise tolerance and physical activity and ultrasound parameters of upper limb blood flow. The therapeutic effects of personalized rehabilitation programs are realized by correction of clinical rates, increasing exercise tolerance and physical activity, as well as psychophysiological parameters. The use of the evaluation system of anamnestic, clinical, functional and psychophysiological features of patient (the effectiveness' determinant) in realization of personalized rehabilitation programs for women with BC, allows to predict and manage the efficacy of RT applying.

CORRELATION BETWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM PROPERTIES AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS

The study reveals the relationship between different levels of personal properties —psychophysiological (properties of the nervous system) and behavioral (defense mechanisms). The study was conducted on the basis of the socio-psychological center «Opora»in Kazan and Kazan Innovative University named after V.G.Timiryasov. The study sample consisted of 76 subjects, including 52 women and 24 men aged 16 to 75. The subjects underwent examination of psychophysiological parameters on the AK-9 «Activatiome-ter»device and were tested according to the Method for measuring the psychological defense. Theresults were processed using the SPSS Statistic 23 software; Spearman’s test was used to identify correlations. We have revealed correlations as follows: between a strong nervous system and isolation, projection, om-nipotent control; between a weak nervoussystem and the defense mechanisms of the psychotic group —dissociation, repression, hypochondria as well as passive aggression and altruism; between a balanced nervous system and the defense mechanisms of the adaptive group —suppression and sublimation;be-tween the predominance of excitability and projection as well as omnipotent control; between the pre-dominance of inhibition and isolation, rationalization, avoidance, anticipation; high lability of a nervous system is associated with the defense mechanisms of the adaptive group —sublimation and humor as well as dissociation and denial; low lability of a nervous system is related to projection and omnipotent control. It is advisable to use the identified relationships in the work of psychologists, teachers, and other workers in helping professions in order to simplify the identification of personality traits; knowing the traits, it is possible to predict the use of defense mechanisms based on the psychophysiological parame-ters of the personality, as well as to get a more holistic view of the personality.

Психофизиологические корреляты копинг-поведения у лиц юношеского возраста, перенесших COVID-19

The global nature of the epidemiological situation associated with the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and the multidisciplinary nature of the problem of psychophysiological disorders in people who have suffered from this disease has led to the need for a comprehensive study of the factors affecting postcovid recovery. Taking into account the nature of the problem posed, the purpose of the presented work was to study the relationship of psychophysiological parameters with indicators of stress-overcoming (coping) behavior in adolescents who have undergone COVID-19. The study included 54 students of Kemerovo State University, who were divided into a group of COVID-19 patients and a group without symptoms of the disease. To assess coping behavior, the questionnaire «Ways of Coping Question-naire» was used (Folkman, Lazarus; adaptation of Kryukova et al.). An automated computer complex “PFK” was used to study psychophysiological indicators. The following psychophysiological indicators were evaluated: simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, anticipations and delays in assessing the reaction to a moving object, concentration and volume of attention, brain performance, the level of functional mobility of nervous processes, short-term memory for numbers and words, random access memory. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the interrelations between avoidant forms of coping behavior, such as “distancing”, “escape-avoidance”, “positive reassessment” with indicators of memory, attention, mobility of nervous processes, the number of inaccurate reactions to a moving object and the working capacity of the brain were recorded, which indicates a link between the increase in psychophysiological and cognitive disorders and preference in choosing care from stressful situations after a disease. Deterioration of memory and functioning of the nervous system lead to more frequent requests for support from others to receive additional help from them. The weakening of the nervous system also leads to more frequent use of productive coping strategies “taking responsibility” and “planning problem solving”, which, at the same time, additionally make it possible to compensate for cognitive impairments by performing tasks more accurately. In the group that did not have symptoms of COVID-19, no significant correlations were found between coping avoidance strategies and psychophysiological or cognitive impairments. Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that the restoration of cognitive functions during psychocorrective work will make it possible to actualize the patient's choice of productive coping strategies and switch to a healthy behavior model.

Psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of outdoor green and virtual green exercise during self-paced walking

Physical activity in the presence of nature can lead to additional, more distinct mental health benefits such as lower stress and anxiety levels and an overall better psychological state when compared to indoor physical activity. Interestingly, the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of green exercise (GE) and virtual green exercise (VGE) on psychological responses are hitherto under-researched. The present study sought to deepen our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of GE and VGE during self-paced walking. Thirty individuals took part in the present study. Two experimental (i.e., GE and VGE) and a control condition (CO) were administered in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Participants were asked to walk for ¼ mile at a pace of their choosing and self-report their psychological states at various timepoints during the exercise trials. Heart rate variability and the brain's electrical activity were monitored continuously throughout the experimental protocol. An accelerometer was used to identify the beginning and end of each step. The results indicate that both experimental manipulations were sufficient to influence the majority of psychological and psychophysiological parameters. The most pronounced effects were identified for GE when compared to CO and VGE. VGE was also sufficient to evoke positive emotions and partially reallocate attention externally, although such effects were less pronounced than those observed for GE. The brain mechanisms underlying the abovementioned psychophysiological responses may be associated with significant changes in theta activity throughout the cerebral cortex as well as increased connectivity in the frontal and parietal areas.

Acute Effects of Heavy Strength Training on Mechanical, Hemodynamic, Metabolic, and Psychophysiological Parameters in Young Adult Males.

This study analyzed the acute effects of heavy strength training on mechanical, hemodynamic, metabolic, and psychophysiological responses in adult males. Thirteen recreational level males (23.3 ± 1.5 years) randomly performed two heavy strength training sessions (3 sets of 8 repetitions at 80% of one repetition maximum [1RM]) using the bench press (HST-BP) or full squat (HST-FS)). The repetition velocity was recorded in both sessions. Moreover, before and after the sessions, the velocity attained against the ~1.00 m·s−1 load (V1Load) in the HST-BP, countermovement jump (CMJ) height in the HST-FS, blood pressure, heart rate, blood lactate, and psychophysiological responses (OMNI Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Exercise) were measured. There were differences between exercises in the number of repetitions performed in the first and third sets (both <8 repetitions). The velocity loss was higher in the HST-BP than in the HST-FS (50.8 ± 10.0% vs. 30.7 ± 9.5%; p < 0.001). However, the mechanical fatigue (V1Load vs. CMJ height) and the psychophysiological response did not differ between sessions (p > 0.05). The HST-FS caused higher blood pressure and heart rate responses than the HST-BP (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively) and greater blood lactate changes from pre-training to post-set 1 (p < 0.05). These results showed that the number of maximal repetitions performed in both sessions was lower than the target number and decreased across sets. Moreover, the HST-BP caused a higher velocity loss than the HST-FS. Finally, the HST-FS elicited higher hemodynamic and metabolic demand than the HST-BP.

New information technologies in the hr-engineering system on the basis of a competent approach

The article considers modern information technologies in the HR-engineering system based on the competence approach used by Ukrainian enterprises and institutions. The concept of personnel, personnel management, HR-engineering and technology of its management are also covered. The purpose of personnel-technologies is determined. The list of HR-engineering information technologies is proposed for their possible implementation in Ukraine. In modern conditions, there is rapid development of information technologies, implementation of innovative science-intensive solutions and applications in various fields. Application of new developments using achievements in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics in the HR-engineering system, so that it is possible to improve the performance of enterprises and organizations significantly; this is also relevant at the macroeconomic level, since the processes of European integration and globalization of the economy require consideration of world trends. New HR engineering rules have been reviewed and proposed, namely: HR is focused on optimizing employee productivity, engagement, teamwork and career growth; HR creates innovations, selects special software to meet the needs of the organization, develops programs and manages indicators platforms; in addition to ERP, the HRТechnology team is working on the development of digital capabilities and mobile applications with an emphasis on "labor productivity"; leading HR centers use artificial intelligence, chat, applications and other advanced technologies to empower their employees; HR is creating an integrated "employee platform" using digital applications, case management, artificial intelligence and bots to meet the current needs of employees. Information technologies, in particular, information technologies that can be used by managers and specialists of the personnel management service when solving the tasks of personnel selection, analysis and support of interpersonal relations in the team, may be used in order to increase the efficiency of the personnel management process. Information systems make it possible to identify the level of professional qualifications of employees, psychophysiological parameters and monitor the dynamics of changes in individual characteristics. Keywords: personnel management technology, HR engineering, information technologies, digitalization, competent approach, digitalization, modern trends.

Electrodermal Responses to Driving Maneuvers in a Motion Sickness Inducing Real-World Driving Scenario

Motion sickness is a phenomenon attracting increasing attention with the ever-growing popularity of highly automated driving. Understanding motion sickness is of significant interest in the context of self-driven vehicles because, in this case, all occupants of the vehicle are passengers and, therefore, more susceptible to motion sickness. In this article, we report the findings of a study wherein motion sickness was induced in 40% of the participants while driving in real-world conditions. By recording various psychophysiological parameters continuously (electrodermal activity, skin temperature, heart rate, and heart rate variability), we investigate the feasibility of using these to objectively assess motion sickness. Furthermore, the instantaneous physiological reactions of participants to unpleasant driving maneuvers are examined. The changes in the electrodermal activity show a strong correlation with the subjective ratings of motion sickness levels as reported by the participants. The phasic component of the electrodermal activity suggests differences between participants that are susceptible to motion sickness and those who are not. Several driving maneuvers (accelerations, cornering, and driving over speed bumps) were identified as events triggering significant electrodermal responses. These responses could be the result of a mismatch between visual and vestibular perception acting as an aversive, arousing stimulus. While, in this work, the driving maneuvers were partially overlapping and nonuniform, our results pave the way for future investigation of physiological responses to single driving events and their relation to motion sickness with the potential to identify real-time markers of possibly unpleasant driving maneuvers.

Https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/AIHD-MU/article/view/258521

This study aims to investigate the effects of d-camphor inhalation on psychophysiological parameters among healthy participants. Twenty-four healthy volunteers participated in the trials. d-Camphor was administered to determine the effects on autonomic nervous system (ANS), central nervous system (CNS) through electroencephalography (EEG) recordings as well as psychological parameters through emotional states. EEG recordings were conducted based on 10-20 system and EEG band power was calculated by Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). For data analysis, d-camphor was inhaled and compared with sweet almond oil as base oil. Paired t-test was employed to measure the oil inhalation. The findings indicated that d-camphor inhalation caused significant changes in ANS parameters, psychological parameters through emotional states and central nervous system (CNS) through electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. After d-camphor inhalation, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and the respiratory rate decreased significantly. Relaxed and calm feelings increased significantly while active and stressed feelings decreased significantly. The power of the alpha wave over all the brain areas including left anterior, right anterior, center, left posterior and right posterior brain areas increased significantly. d-Camphor caused significant changes in psychophysiological parameters indicating its sedative effects.

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS RECORDER FOR A TRUCK SIMULATOR

This paper describes the recorder integrated with a truck simulator which is a set of measuring devices used for measuring and recording environmental parameters in the simulator's cabin and psychophysiological parameters of a driver, centrally managed by the simulator's information system. The instrument assembly includes a compact meter for physiological and environmental parameters, a flashing light generator, and a system for measuring hand pressure force against the steering wheel. This paper describes the structure and functions of the various elements of the simulator's measurement equipment.

Impact of Ageing on Female Metabolic Flexibility: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in over-60 Active Women

BackgroundAgeing affects metabolic flexibility, although physical status could influence this relationship. This cross-sectional study aims to describe and analyse the metabolic flexibility/inflexibility in a group of active older women, together with the impact of ageing and physical status on their oxidation rates and maximal fat oxidation (MFO).MethodsFifteen volunteers (69.00 ± 6.97 years)—from 24 women—completed an incremental cycling test until the second ventilatory threshold. Intensity increased 10 W each 3 min 15 s, starting at 30 W. Gas exchange, heart rate, rate of perceived effort, pain scale and muscle power were registered, together with lactate. VO2 and VCO2 were considered for fat and carbohydrate oxidation (FATox and CHOox; Frayn’s equation) at intensities 60%, 80% and 100% from the peak power in the test (P100). Psychophysiological parameters were compared at MFO/FATmax and P100, together with the energy expenditure calculations around MFO (included FAT and CHO contributions), and the main correlation analyses, with and without P100 and VO2 as covariates.ResultsFATox was low at MFO (0.13; 95% CI [0.09–0.17] mg/min/kgFFM; 3.50; 95% CI [2.49–4.50] mg/min/kgFFM), with short oxidation-rate curves shifting down and leftward. CHOox and FATox were both low for reduced power with age (77.14 ± 18.58 W and 39.29 ± 9.17 W at P100 and MFO, respectively), all accompanied by a fall in energy expenditure (5.44 ± 2.58 kcal/min and 3.32 ± 1.55 kcal/min at P100 and MFO, respectively). Power appears as a determinant factor, given its strong and negative significant association with age (r = − 0.85, p < 0.005; R2 = 0.72) and moderate with MFO (r = − 0.54, p = 0.04; R2 = 0.29). In turn, energy expenditure shows a positive and moderate association with muscle power (r = 52, p = 0.04).ConclusionsDespite the drop in substrates oxidation with age, physical status (i.e. larger muscular power and energy expenditure) suggests a key role in the preservation of metabolic health with ageing in active women.

Nomophobia and the psycho-physiological effects of PUBG gaming on medical college student’s health and academic performance

Introduction and Aim: Nomophobia is a psychological condition, where people have a fear of being detached from mobile phone connectivity. The medical college students are suffering from PUBG addiction which affects their psycho-physiological parameters. The aim is to assess the prevalence of nomophobia in the medical college students, to assess the stress and anxiety in the absence of smartphone and correlate it with the conduction velocity of median nerve. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the physiology department of a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 2 months involving 169 medical students using smartphones. For studying nomophobia, the students in the study group were divided into groups A and B according to their smartphone usage and on the basis of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SPAS) Questionnaire. Results: Out of the 169 students, 80 were subjected for the assessment of the variability in the median nerve conduction velocity as a quantitative measurement to detect the decrease in the terminal latency index, motor distal latency and the conduction velocity due to excessive gaming or chronic smartphone usage. As per our hypothesis 94.37 % of the study sample had decreased terminal latency index and about 85.62 % of students had a decreased nerve conduction velocity. Conclusion: The prevalence of nomophobia in our study was 37.39 % as per the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for dependence syndrome. Hence medical education to school-going children, teenagers and adolescents about the risks of excessive smartphone usage should be given as they are the most vulnerable to this disorder.

The Effects of Combined Verbal Encouragement and Technical Instruction on Technical Skills and Psychophysiological Responses During Small-Sided Handball Games Exercise in Physical Education.

To examine the effects of combined positive verbal encouragement and general technical guidelines on technical and psychophysiological parameters in pupils during a small-sided handball passing game. Twenty secondary school pupils (age, 16 ± 1 years; body mass, 55.3 ± 6.6 kg; body height, 1.77 ± 0.13 m; BMI, 22.6 ± 2.2 kg m−1) performed small-sided games (2 × 10 min) with three conditions: small-sided game (1) with combined verbal encouragement and technical instruction; (2) with technical instruction; (3) without any instruction (control) in which the passes for each pupil in each set was measured together with the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and feeling mood after the first and second set. Results: A two-way analysis of variance demonstrated that the combined condition resulted in more passes compared to the technical instruction and control conditions, while the number of passes increased in set 2 for all conditions. RPE and the feeling mood were also differently between the conditions. Combined verbal encouragement and technical instruction during handball exercise were more beneficial for optimal passing numbers, positive mood with less perception of physical effort compared to only technical instruction and a control condition. The results evidenced positive acute effects of combined verbal encouragement and technical instruction during handball, indicating the usefulness of these training methods for optimal passing numbers, positive mood with less perception of physical effort in physical education pupils. Future studies should evaluate the applicability combined verbal encouragement and technical skills in the training of other conditioning capacities and the individual responsiveness of players toward verbal encouragement tasks.

Impacts of imagery-enhanced versus verbally-based cognitive behavioral group therapy on psychophysiological parameters in social anxiety disorder: Results from a randomized-controlled trial

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with marked physiological reactivity in social-evaluative situations. However, objective measurement of biomarkers is rarely evaluated in treatment trials, despite potential utility in clarifying disorder-specific physiological correlates. This randomized controlled trial sought to examine the differential impact of imagery-enhanced vs. verbal-based cognitive behavioral group therapy (IE-CBGT, n = 53; VB-CBGT, n = 54) on biomarkers of emotion regulation and arousal during social stress in people with SAD (pre- and post-treatment differences in heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance). We acquired psychophysiological data from randomized participants across four social stress test phases (baseline, speech preparation, speech, interaction) at pre-treatment, and 1- and 6-months post-treatment. Analyses revealed that IE-CBGT selectively attenuated heart rate as indexed by increases in median heart rate interval (median-RR) compared to VB-CBGT at post-treatment, whereas one HRV index showed a larger increase in the VB-CBGT condition before but not after controlling for median-RR. Other psychophysiological indices did not differ between conditions. Lower sympathetic arousal in the IE-CBGT condition may have obviated the need for parasympathetic downregulation, whereas the opposite was true for VB-CBGT. These findings provide preliminary insights into the impact of imagery-enhanced and verbally-based psychotherapy for SAD on emotion regulation biomarkers.

Controlled audio-visual stimulation for anxiety reduction

Background and objectiveRecent clinical data suggest that 75% of patients undergoing surgery are anxious, despite pharmacological measures to relieve anxiety. As an alternative to the administration of drugs, the scientific literature reports the relevant psychophysiological effects of auditory and visual stimulation in reducing preoperative anxiety. The main objective of this study is the development of a portable computer-controlled device for the simultaneous combined administration of audio-visual stimuli and the evaluation of this device through the collection and the statistical analysis of psychophysiological parameters strictly related to the state of anxiety. MethodsA new algorithmic approach for the real-time association of sounds and colours is proposed and implemented in a low-cost architectural platform. The combined administration of auditory and visual stimuli is tested on 220 subjects undergoing dental surgery; in particular, psychophysiological parameters are collected and evaluated in four experimental conditions, in order to demonstrate the efficacy of cross-modal stimulation (auditory and visual) compared to non-pharmacological treatments based on monomodal stimuli (auditory or visual). ResultsNon-parametric statistical techniques applied to the recorded experimental data show that the experimental conditions considered significantly differ. Pairwise comparisons between experimental groups show that the combined administration of sounds and colors significantly reduces the level of anxiety, systolic blood pressure and heart rate to a greater extent than monomodal stimulation. ConclusionThe study demonstrates the potential benefits of a device for the combined administration of auditory and visual stimuli. The developed device has proven effective in reducing preoperative anxiety levels, becoming a serious candidate for non-pharmacological therapies. The study also encourages a deeper investigation of models capable of better capturing the potential of cross-modal stimulation, maximizing the desired effects (relaxation, arousal) on patients awaiting specific medical treatments.

Dynamic Seat Assessment for Enabled Restlessness of Children with Learning Difficulties.

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) face a range of learning difficulties in the school environment, thus several strategies have been developed to enhance or optimise their performance in school. One possible way is to actively enable appropriate restlessness using dynamic seats. In this paper, an assessment of the efficacy of a dynamic seat while solving school task is presented and compared to classic chair and therapy ball. To test the effectiveness of active seat, a study that examined task solving performance while observing the intensity of movement, in-seat behaviour and psychophysiological responses (electrodermal activity, facial temperature) was designed. A total of 23 school-aged children participated in the study, 11 children with a combined type of ADHD and 12 children without disorders. Children with ADHD achieved the best results when sitting in the active seat, where the most intense movement and best in-seat behaviour was observed. At the same time, psychophysiological parameters indicate that when performing better at the task children with ADHD were not too challenged and were consequently less agitated. Results have suggested that for a better cognitive performance of children with ADHD, it is crucial to provide a comfortable and pleasant workspace that enables them the right amount of restlessness.

Теоретичні основи застосування високотехнологічних засобів реабілітації у дітей з церебральним паралічем

The purpose of the study was to substantiate theoretically the need in high-tech rehabilitation tools for children with cerebral palsy, to identify the shortcomings of their use and to determine the role of the equipment in correcting the pathological stereotype of movement. Materials and methods. Methodological approach was used: analysis of literature sources and resources of the Internet (foreign and domestic on the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms), method of system analysis, method of comparison. Results and discussion. One of the main goals in the process of rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy is to improve motor control and, thus, increase independence, participation and overall quality of life. In the modern world, the use of new methods of exercise therapy using high-tech robotic devices («Lokomat», «Armeo»), as well as new methods of physiotherapy, in particular, translingual electrical stimulation of the brain (TESB) «Brain-port» is becoming relevant for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy. Features and some restrictions of use of the above-stated devices were defined. Exercises on the Lokomat device help to form a motor "stereotype" of physiological walking, as well as strengthen the muscles of the lower extremities, and with the help of biological feedback to increase the motivation to exercise in children. The therapeutic goals of Armeo are to improve or maintain reach, capture and transmission movements, active range of motion by attaching an exoskeleton to the patient's arm. Translingual neurostimulation plays an important role in modulating neuroplastic changes in the brain, provides electrical stimulation of trigeminal and facial cranial nerves that modulate sensorimotor and vestibular functions. The devices help to improve the static and dynamic function of the body, reduce muscle tone, improve joint mobility in children with cerebral palsy. Their use in the process of physical therapy emphasizes the need for individualization of rehabilitation programs. Conclusion. The analysis of literature sources testifies to the effectiveness of the use of high-tech tools in the process of rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy in combination with traditional methods. It helps to improve motor and cognitive function in children with cerebral palsy by correcting the mechanism of musculoskeletal control. Robotic techniques allow to change the pathological stereotype of movement. The prospect is to study the psychophysiological parameters of children with cerebral palsy during rehabilitation using modern technologies

Validation of Psychophysiological Measures for Caffeine Oral Films Characterization by Machine Learning Approaches.

(1) Background: The oral films are a new delivery system that can carry several molecules, such as neuromodulator molecules, including caffeine. These delivery systems have been developed and characterized by pharmacokinetics assays. However, new methodologies, such as psychophysiological measures, can complement their characterization. This study presents a new protocol with psychophysiological parameters to characterize the oral film delivery systems based on a caffeine model. (2) Methods: Thirteen volunteers (61.5% females and 38.5% males) consumed caffeine oral films and placebo oral films (in different moments and without knowing the product). Electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal (EDA), and respiratory frequency (RF) data were monitored for 45 min. For the data analysis, the MATLAB environment was used to develop the analysis program. The ECG, EDA, and RF signals were digitally filtered and processed, using a windowing process, for feature extraction and an energy mean value for 5 min segments. Then, the data were computed and presented to the entries of a set of Machine Learning algorithms. Finally, a data statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS. (3) Results: Compared with placebo, caffeine oral films led to a significant increase in power energy in the signal spectrum of heart rate, skin conductance, and respiratory activity. In addition, the ECG time-series power energy activity revealed a better capacity to detect caffeine activity over time than the other physiological modalities. There was no significant change for the female or male gender. (4) Conclusions: The protocol developed, and the psychophysiological methodology used to characterize the delivery system profile were efficient to characterize the drug delivery profile of the caffeine. This is a non-invasive, cheap, and easy method to apply, can be used to determine the neuromodulator drugs delivery profile, and can be implemented in the future.

Objective and Subjective Stress Parameters in Response to High and Low-Fidelity Simulation Activities.

Nursing graduates are required to have both excellent theoretical and practical skills that should be used during stressful emergency interventions. Since the received knowledge should be practiced to gain skills and trained to achieve competences, simulation exercises can be beneficial to even reduce the stress that each individual may face during emergency management of patients. A total of 146 first-year nursing students participated in the study, including 124 women and 22 men aged between 19 and 50 years, with a mean age of 32 years. The objective method estimated psychophysiological parameters (serum cortisol). Objective and subjective methods were used. The subjective method assessed stress experienced by students based on the standardized Stress Appraisal Questionnaire Version B for dispositional assessment. The study was conducted in the Monoprofile Medical Simulation Centre at the University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin, Poland and was approved by the University Research Ethics Committee. Both participants under and over 25 years of age showed increased levels of stress after low and high-fidelity simulations, with statistically significantly higher stress levels found for the low fidelity method. Low-fidelity simulation methods generated a greater increase in cortisol levels, indicating a higher stress level than the high-fidelity methods. The analysis of the scores obtained in the Stress Appraisal Questionnaire (KOS-B) showed that higher cortisol levels after the low-fidelity simulation reduced the subjective perception of a threat, while higher cortisol levels before the high-fidelity simulation promoted higher intellectual activity among the students. Levels of stress in the education of nursing students using low and high-fidelity methods can limit the sense of threat and activate professional task performance. The use of low and high-fidelity simulation does not generate destructive stress levels.

Influence of electromagnetic protection technology on human psychophysiological condition

Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the beneficial effect of Noxtak electromagnetic protection technology on human psychophysiology. Design: An open, randomized, placebo-controlled trials for 30 days. Participants were measured initially, randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control), and measured 30 days later after using Noxtak technology in the experimental group and placebo in the control group. Subjects: 50 healthy athletes, age 14-25 years, men and women, randomly divided into two groups of 25 people. Randomization was based on the principle of random numbers. The ethics committee of the Federal State Budget Institution "Saint-Petersburg Scientific-Research Institute for Physical Culture," St. Petersburg, Russia, approved the study protocol. All participants signed an informed consent form, where a written and oral explanation of the research protocol was provided. Outcome measures: psychological testing, rhythmocardiography, biofield parameters analysis. Results: Participants using Noxtak electromagnetic protection for 30 days demonstrated positive changes in psychophysiology parameters, experienced growth in aerobic capacity, physical performance, energy potential, and their bodies' adaptive reserves, while physiological parameters of athletes using placebo did not change or worsened. Conclusions: Participants using Noxtak technology for 30 days demonstrated improvement of psychophysiological parameters and sleep quality, which may be related with the protection effect from electromagnetic radiation