Psychological Correction Research Articles

Indicators of mental adaptation disorders in combatants of the special military operation

Relevance. Participants of armed conflicts are exposed to extreme stress amid life-threatening situations, which can lead to mental adaptation disorders exacerbated by combat stress disorders. Combatants facing these conditions require psychological correction and psychotherapy.The objective is to assess the risk of mental adaptation disorders in combatants using traditional diagnostics and fasts screening methods.Methods. A cohort of 163 combatants who participated in the special military operation underwent clinical and psychological examination. The average age of subjects was 34.3 years, and the average time of service in the special military operation was 8.2 months. The combatants’ psychological status was evaluated using the Mississippi Scale (military version), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. In addition, a set of screening methods, like PC-PTSD-5, PHQ9, and GAD-7, were used to evaluate the risk of mental maladaptation, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. In the course of examination, the reliability of responses was assessed using 10 adapted questions for sincerity evaluation obtained from a standardized personality assessment method. The present study shows the median value, as well as the upper and lower quartiles (Me [Q1; Q3]). The consistency of the studied indicators was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results and analysis. The average sincerity score was 7 [6; 8] points, showing sufficient reliability of the examination results. The psychological test results re concordant with the overall transformation pattern in the functional and mental profile of stress exposed combatants, depending on the duration of exposure to combat conditions. The average Mississippi Scale scores were 71 [63; 84] points, and 2 [1; 3] points on the PC-PTSD-5, associated with absence of mental adaptation disorders and a low probability of PTSD, respectively. PTSD clinical symptoms were identified in 3.7% of the examined combatants (compared to 14.3% in foreign publications), and mental adaptation disorders were observed in 8.6%. All these methods showed moderate, positive, and statistically significant (r = 0.627; p < 0.001) consistency of obtained indicators. The average Beck Depression Inventory score was 7 [3; 12] points, and the PHQ-9 score was 5 [3; 8] points, suggesting absence or mild depression, respectively. The methods demonstrated strong, positive, and statistically significant (r = 0.799; p < 0.001) consistency among the indicators. The average Beck Anxiety Inventory score was 10 [4; 18] points, and the GAD-7 screening method score was 5 [2; 6] points, corresponding to low or moderate anxiety. For both methods, the consistency among indicators was moderate, positive, and statistically significant (r = 0.567; p < 0.001).Conclusion. The study justified the reliability of results obtained by traditional tests and screening methods, showing trustworthy indications for psychological correction (psychotherapy) in the examined combatants.

Psychological characteristics of patients with pancreatitis as a factor in forming commitment to treatment

The article is devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of patients with pancreatitis in order to determine possible targets for psychological correction. Increased rates of anxiety, sensitivity, egocentrism, as well as differences with the comparison sample in a number of coping strategies were revealed. The results obtained can be used to carry out psychocorrectional work in order to form the necessary level of adherence to treatment in patients with pancreatitis.

Социальная тревога российского студенчества: территориальный аспект

Relevance. The article is focused оn the analysis of social anxiety and social phobia of modern Russian students of six regions of the Russian Federation in the context of a Special Military Operation and the sanctions pressure of the collective West on our state and its citizens. Research problem. The purpose of our research is to study the manifestations of social anxiety and sociоphobia caused by military actions among Russian students as a special socio-demographic group of people of the younger generation exposed to social risks. Methods. The total number of respondents was 991 people. All respondents are students of higher educational institutions. The research methodology is the Questionnaire of social anxiety and sociobia (OSTiSF). The article analyzes the data of psychological testing (face-to-face and online) of the large-scale interregional socio-psychological study “Russian students: assessments and patterns of the present and future as a basis for the formation of civic and value attitudes”. Research results. It was determined that the dominant type of social anxiety is post-situational rumination. The highest level of social anxiety was observed among young people living in the new Russian territories. Respondents from the newly annexed territories of the Russian Federation have a statistically higher level of social anxiety and sociоphobia than respondents from Belgorod and the Rostov region. Also, social anxiety is higher in women than in men. Conclusions. Psychological correction of social anxiety and sociophobia among modern youth is an important sphere of implementation of university youth policy. Its solution is the prerogative of specialised units of university psychological services.

The role of psycho-emotional stress in the development of disorders of occlusal relationships

AIMS: to determine the frequency of occurrence and severity of psycho-emotional stress in patients with disorders of occlusal relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The level of psycho-emotional stress was studied in 120 patients with disorders of occlusal relationships. After a clinical examination, all patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the level of abrasion of hard dental tissues. To determine the level of psycho-emotional stress of the examined patients, a questionnaire was conducted according to the PSM-25 psychological stress scale (Lemyr-Tessier-Fillion) in adaptation of the Russian version of the method according to N.E. Vodopyanova. RESULTS: The patients were divided into 3 groups, where 42 people had abrasion of teeth within the enamel (group 1), 49 patients had damage to hard tissues within the enamel and partially dentin (group 2), while 29 patients had abrasion within dentin (group 3). It was revealed that all respondents are exposed to psycho-emotional stress in everyday life to varying degrees. The severity of stress increases depending on the clinical manifestations of occlusion disorders. It was revealed that the frequency of occurrence of psychological tension of varying degrees of severity is 100%. The most common indicators of psychological stress in patients with disorders of occlusal relationships are bruxism, clenching (average level in group 1 - 3.08±0.099, in group 2 - 4.87±0.185, in group 3 - 6.08±0.122), physical malaise (average level for groups is 4.02±0.072, 5.62±0.107, 6.02±0.12, respectively), fatigue (group 1 - 4.31±0.103, group 2 - 5.92±0.124, group 3 - 7.31±0.263), sleep disorders (average intensity by group: 5.28±0.121 in group 1, 5.69±0.165 in group 2, 6.28±0.151 in group 3, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The identified level of stress serves as a quantitative integral indicator for the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach in the management of these patients and, as a consequence, the need for consulting support from specialists for the purpose of psychological correction.

Структура психологических последствий контртеррористической деятельности: дифференцированный подход к реабилитации

Introduction. The article deals with the structure of psychological consequences affecting the officers of internal affairs bodies who took part in the counter-terrorist operation (as part of combined units) in the territory of the Chechen Republic. The relevance of the research is determined by the necessity of substantiation of indications for a differentiated approach to medical and psychological rehabilitation of the law enforcement officers having performed service and combat tasks in special conditions. Methods. The research involved 110 officers of internal affairs bodies, average age 29,38±6,5 years; average period of being in the zone of armed conflict 146,9±79,8 days; number of missions 1,41±0,65. Research methods: anonymous questionnaire, standardised multifactor method of personality research, 16-factor personality questionnaire of R. Kettell, accentuation type identification test of H. Smishek, projective technique ‘Hand-test’, drawing association test of S. Rosenzweig, traumatic stress intensity questionnaire of I. O. Kotenev. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by methods of descriptive and factor analysis (method of principal components and varimax-rotation of the factor structure). Results. The author found six factors that explain 81.89 % of the total dispersion of traits in the structure of psychological consequences of counter-terrorist activity. Two of them - ‘posttraumatic’ (21.4 %) and ‘stuck-posttraumatic’ (7.57 %) factors - include symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, as well as predictors contributing to its prolonged flow. Signs of ‘subthreshold’ (prenosological) posttraumatic stress disorder, in the form of characteristic personality traits were identified: pessimism, psychasthenia, neurotic control, rigidity, impulsiveness, aggressiveness, cyclothymia, emotional ambivalence, ‘getting stuck’ on affect, frustration fixation on self-protection, anxiety, suspiciousness, sensitivity, guilt, social introversion, passivity, egocentricity. They are part of five out of six factors (‘posttraumatic’, ‘unproductive frustration response’, ‘demonstrative-neurotic’, ‘rigid-affective’, ‘stuck-posttraumatic’) and need both timely and diverse measures of medical and psychological rehabilitation. Psychological peculiarities included in the ‘hyperthymic-conform’ factor (12.06% of the variance) can be compensated by psychological correction. The author analysed foreign and national methods of psychological rehabilitation of posttraumatic stress disorder, identified psychotherapeutic ‘targets’ of influence and proposed measures of psychological rehabilitation of internal affairs officers with regard to the factor structure of the consequences.

Специфика психических состояний осужденных женщин, содержащихся в местах лишения свободы с малолетними детьми

Introduction. The aim of the empirical study was to research the mental states of convicted women with young children. The study sample consisted of 153 convicted women with young children serving their sentences in a correctional institution. The study was conducted on the basis of the State Department of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Kemerovo Region, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Moscow Region, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Vladimir Region, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Republic of Mordovia. The scientific problem is to study the mental states of convicted women with young children. Research methods and techniques. The following set of methods was used to study mental states: ‘16-factor personality questionnaire - 16 PF’, form C (R. Kettell), “Depression scale” (A. Beck), clinical questionnaire for identification and assessment of neurotic states (K. K. Yakhin, D. M. Mendelevich), methodology for determining the dominant mental state “Dominant state” (L. V. Kulikov), questionnaire for studying the level of aggression (A. Bass and A. Darkey). The results of the conducted research were the identification of mental states of convicted women in prison with young children. It was established that negative mental states (tension, emotional instability, frustration, anxiety, irritation, depression, anxiety) prevail among these women.They are expressed fatigue, hysteria, vegetative disorders, which are manifested in unpleasant or painful somatic sensations. A high level of aggression and hostility has been diagnosed. The revealed negative mental states need timely psychological correction.

Suicide risk in adolescents with deviant behavior and different hardiness levels

BACKGROUND: The paper discusses the role of hardiness in adolescents with deviant behavior as a personal resource in coping with the challenges of the modern world and its contribution to the prevention of suicide risk in the situation of the increasing prevalence of suicide in adolescence. AIM: The aim is to study the indicators of suicide risk in adolescents with deviant behavior and different hardiness levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 63 adolescents aged 14–17 years. The study was carried out using the Hardiness Survey by E.N. Osin and E.I. Rasskazova; A Suicide Risk Questionnaire modified by T.N. Razuvaeva. RESULTS: Low and medium hardiness levels were distributed almost equally, with the exception of 8% of adolescents with high hardiness level. The component of hardiness “Commitment” has a negative association with the indicator of suicidal risk “Affectivity” (p 0,05) at low hardiness level and with “Failure” (p 0,01) at medium hardiness level. The component of hardiness “Control” is also correlated with the indicator of suicidal risk “Maximalism” (p 0,05) at low hardiness level. There was found no associations between the component of hardiness “Challenge” and the indicators of suicide risk. In adolescents with deviant behavior the suicide risk greatly determined by external reasons at low hardiness level and by internal reasons at medium hardiness level. CONCLUSIONS: These findings allow to identify the following targets of psychological correction to reduce suicidal risk in adolescents with deviant behavior: increasing commitment in life events with their control and the formation of self-confidence at low hardiness level, formation of a ban of any form of suicidal behavior at medium hardiness level, increasing activity regardless of hardiness level.

Вплив стресу на стан м’язової системи пацієнтів з ушкодженнями опорно-рухового апарату

The article examines the impact of stress and psychological disorders in the context of military actions in Ukraine on the human muscular system, as well as their effect on the physical condition of patients with injuries and disorders of the musculoskeletal system. It also explores how stress and psychological disorders in wartime conditions contribute to the spread of pathological pain sensations and the occurrence of muscle spasms. A brief historical overview is provided, and scientific publications on the use of various methods in treating different pathologies, including pain syndromes caused by musculoskeletal muscle spasms, are analyzed. The article discusses types of somatic muscle spasms and pain syndromes, as well as mechanisms of local physiological influences and methods of psychological correction for conditions that cause pain and spasms in muscles, fascia, and joints. The positive impact of physiological procedures combined with psychological correction on pain associated with stressful situations and psychological disorders in people who have experienced moral humiliation and physical abuse during wartime and occupation is demonstrated. Various manifestations of stress and their effects on the functioning of muscles, fascia, and joints in individuals who are currently experiencing or have experienced military actions are described. Additionally, the article examines how psychological disorders resulting from military actions in Ukraine affect patients with musculoskeletal injuries. Methods proposed by modern rehabilitation therapy to alleviate and improve the condition of such patients are presented. These methods, such as various types of massage, heat treatments, taping, and psychological correction, are considered techniques for relieving pain that can be used both simultaneously and sequentially, without causing negative side effects during therapy and requiring minimal effort. It is established that the consequences of chronic stress and prolonged experiences of anxiety, nervousness, and panic attacks cause significant harm to the health of adults and children. The accumulated stress over the long period of war causes varying degrees of harm to each individual, with chronic forms of internal organ diseases and inflammatory processes becoming more pronounced. However, the primary target of chronic stress is the muscles. Only a comprehensive approach to this problem is an important factor in overcoming the consequences. Key words: stress, psychological disorders, human muscular system, musculoskeletal system, military actions

Psychological correction behavioral component of shyness of future psychologists

The article raises necessary issue of implementation system reducing shyness by future psychological students as a necessary prerequisite for training and professional development future specialists. Psychocorrective work for shy students (future psychologists) involves conducting psychosocial training "Reducing shyness of future psychologists", which is aimed at optimizing structural components (cognitive, affective, behavioral). The article focuses on the psychocorrection personal formations of behavioral shyness component: introversion, which was studied by using the K.G. Jung questionnaire; subordinate type of behavior, which was studied by using T. Leary's method of diagnosing interpersonal relations. The relationship between the type of attitude towards others and the shyness levels by future psychologists is presented; identified introverts, amboverts, extroverts among students with different shyness levels (high, medium, low). The theoretical and methodological basis formative experiment was analyzed: person-oriented (principles of empathy, positive and non-valuable attitude), behavioral (production and consolidation of new behavior ways, expansion range behavioral actions, elimination or change erroneous forms behavior), cognitive approaches (work with intolerant beliefs). The formation behavioral practices is presented by cognitive-behavioral praxis social courage focusing on practicing skills behaving in crowd, correctly conveying information (verbally, non-verbally), convincing, attracting attention, recognizing danger; training on the formation of leadership coping strategies aimed at the formation of effective strategies for solving difficult life situations, finding ways of emotional support, developing emotional stability.

The use of biofeedback training in complex therapy of neurotic disorders and correction of negative psychological consequences of combat stress in combatants

The parameters and effectiveness of biofeedback training in the complex treatment of neurotic disorders at the hospital stage and psychological correction at the sanatorium stages of rehabilitation of military personnel were assessed. We examined 40 mentally healthy military personnel who participated in combat operations and 36 military personnel who participated in combat operations and suffered from stress-associated neurotic disorders and who were undergoing inpatient treatment in the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy clinics. In identifying possible negative psychological consequences of combat stress in a group of mentally healthy military personnel, a medical and psychological examination was performed using the military version of the Mississippi scale for assessing post-traumatic reactions, Neurotic Disorders-Symptomatic Questionnaire, and Quality of Life Questionnaire-12. The military personnel underwent stress testing according to a specially developed scenario using a biofeedback hardware software complex to assess individual changes in physiological parameters in response to emotionally significant stimuli. In the military personnel who participated in combat operations and suffered from neurotic disorders, a medical and psychological examination was performed using the Neurotic Disorders-Symptomatic Questionnaire and Quality of Life Questionnaire-12 upon admission to the hospital and on the eve of discharge, and stress testing was conducted upon admission to the hospital. The therapeutic effectiveness of biofeedback training in the treatment of neurotic disorders was evaluated by comparing the results of treatment between two groups of 18 individuals each. One group received only drug therapy, whereas the other group, in addition to drug therapy, underwent biofeedback training on the amplitude of the systolic wave. The level of stress-associated psychogenic damage was found to be correlated with the amplitude of the systolic wave according to the digital photoplethysmogram. Moreover, the physiological indicators of the circulatory and respiratory systems, used in foreign studies for psychophysiological training in the treatment of post-stress disorders, were not associated with the level of psychogenic damage, indicating their lack of involvement in pathogenesis and the ineffectiveness of their use. The addition of biofeedback training on the amplitude of the systolic wave to the complex therapy of neurotic disorders leveled astheno-neurotic symptoms and improved quality of life. Therefore, when treating astheno-neurotic disorders in military personnel participating in combat operations, it is critical to include biofeedback training on the amplitude of the systolic wave; this reduces severity of neurotic symptoms, improves quality of life, and forms preventive skill of conscious control of excessive physiological reactions of combat stress. Furthermore, the correlation between the magnitude of the decrease in the amplitude of the systolic wave and level of mental damage in combatants, revealed during stress testing, indicates the importance of biofeedback training on the amplitude of the systolic wave in sanatorium-resort organizations and military clinical hospitals of the Russian Ministry of Defense for the medical and psychological rehabilitation of military personnel exhibiting negative symptoms and those suffering from psychological consequences of combat stress.

Current Aspects of Medical Rehabilitation of Patients with Cancer Related Lymphedema of Extremities: a Narrative Review

INTRODUCTION. Over the past decades, in developed countries and in the Russian Federation, there has been an increase in the number of patients with secondary lymphedema who have undergone surgical treatment with dissection of regional lymph nodes and radiation therapy for various forms of gynecological cancer in women and prostate cancer in men, as well as breast cancer. AIM. Search and analysis of the results of previously published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the effectiveness of various non-drug rehabilitation methods in patients with lymphedema of the extremities who underwent radical treatment for cancer of various locations. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A search was conducted and studied publications in international scientific peer-reviewed publications (PEDro Database) on medical rehabilitation for cancer treatment-related lymphedema (LSPR) for the period from 1996 to December 2023 using the keywords “lymphedema”, “rehabilitation”. 145 RCTs focused on medical rehabilitation and conservative treatment of LSPR. DISCUSSION. Lifestyle correction and psychosocial interventions are recommended to improve the quality of life of patients. Studies have found that early activation, various physical exercises with a slow increase in loads under the supervision of a physical therapist are safe and help increase endurance, strength and range of motion in a limb with lymphatic edema. The clinical effectiveness of therapeutic exercises in the pool has been proven, manifested in the reduction of edema in patients with LSPR. The effectiveness of compression products with Velcro technology as an alternative to rigid low-stretch bandages in patients with LSPR has been confirmed. The anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effects of low-intensity laser therapy and magnetic therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with LSLR have been proven. Alternating pneumatic compression (APC) is recommended as an adjuvant treatment in addition to comprehensive decongestant therapy. Preference should be given to the use of technologies of advanced hardware lymphatic drainage methods that imitate manual techniques. CONCLUSION. To improve the physical and socio-psychological functioning of patients with LSPR, an integrated approach is required, including lifestyle changes, psychological correction, compression therapy, modern exercise therapy techniques, and safe physiotherapeutic technologies. Conducted scientific research indicates the high effectiveness of the use of manual and hardware lymphatic drainage techniques, while the use of PPC is more economical and accessible, and does not require the involvement of specialists who know the expensive method of manual lymphatic drainage.

Программа профилактики криминальной мотивации несовершеннолетних правонарушителей

Introduction. At the present day, the issue of the emergence of criminal motivation as a complex integrative phenomenon, involving a hierarchy of motives driving to committing crimes of various categories, is actual. Modern society is transforming, and therefore, due to the digitalisation of society, various types of juvenile offences appear and can be modernised. All these crimes have a harmful effect on the overall social well-being of the citizens. Modern juvenile delinquency and criminal motivation as a psychological and criminological phenomenon is studied subjectively. The criminogenic potential of modern juvenile delinquents, their psychological characteristics are analysed. Methods. Different methods were used: theoretical analysis, empirical: psychodiagnostic methods for collecting empirical data - "Value orientations" by M. Rokich; "Profile of feelings in relationships" by L. Kulikov; "Diagnosis of motivational structure of personality" by V. E. Milman; "Subjective assessment of interpersonal relationships" by S. V. Dukhnovsky; "Questionnaire of interpersonal relationships" by V. Schutz in the adaptation of A. A. Rukavishnikov; "Coping strategies indicator" by D. Amirkhan; "Life style index" by Plutchik - Kellerman - Kontetev, Projective technique "TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)", "Method of Motivational Induction" by J. Nytten, author's technique "Dominant Criminal Motive". The fourcomponent structure of criminal motivation is theoretically substantiated and empirically confirmed. The author empirically proved that criminal motivation consists of four components (cognitive, individualpersonal, emotional, behavioural). The specificity of the psychological content of criminal motivation of juvenile delinquents depending on the corpus delicti was determined (Malyushina, 2023a; Malyushina, 2023b). In order to prevent the emergence of crimes, it is necessary to develop new psycho-correctional programmes with juvenile delinquents. Various aspects of juvenile criminal behaviour are considered in the problem field. The effectiveness of the programme of psychological correction of criminal motivation by means of socio-psychological training was developed and empirically confirmed. Results. The materials of the research can be used in the professional activities of investigators, juvenile inspectors, in social rehabilitation centres when working with juvenile delinquents. The results of the research can be used for advisory and educational purposes, for monitoring the state of juvenile delinquency in order to identify tendencies to the manifestation of criminal behaviour of juvenile delinquents.

Проблемы и решения в методологии изучения психофизиологических эффектов виртуальной реальности

<p>The article considers a comprehensive approach to the assessment of psychophysiological effects arising from the perception of virtual reality, based on the well—known principle<em> S → R</em> ("stimulus - response"). The methods used make it possible to evaluate sensorimotor (associated with the development of the "immersion effect"), psychoemotional, cognitive and physiological (related to motor activity and sleep) effects of virtual reality based on both subjective and objective indicators. The above set of techniques was used in experiments simulating the impact of adverse factors of space flight during the testing of special virtual reality technologies used for psychological relaxation (psychological correction). The authors believe that the methodological approach described in the article to the assessment of the psychophysiological effects of virtual reality will be useful in the study of virtual environments used in education and psychology, in the development of simulators of various directions and in other areas of VR application.</p>

Post-COVID-19 Cognitive Dysfunction: Methodological Foundations for Prevention and Correction Model

The article introduces a comprehensive review of theoretical and experimental studies in the field of psychophysiological predictors of cognitive impairments in post-COVID-19 patients. The data obtained made it possible to design a model of psychological correction and prevention of post-COVID-19 cognitive dysfunction. This condition affects cognitive, behavioral, and psycho-emotional areas of mental activity. Functional changes involve poor mobility of nervous processes and short attention span, as well as changes in coping behavior and personality characteristics. Unlike older patients, teenagers experience fewer consequences for cardiovascular system and cognitive functions. As for gender differences, men restored their cognitive functions better when they came to grasp with their past experience. For women, recovery was associated with life meaning, planning, and goal setting. The resulting model for the prevention and psychological correction of post-COVID-19 cognitive dysfunction integrated the principles of systemic, information, cognitive, and personality-oriented approaches. It consisted of several structural elements that made it possible to support COVID-19 patients through all treatment stages, i.e., psychodiagnostics, psychocorrection, psychotherapy, and social and lifestyle adaptation.

Об особенностях экзистенциальной исполненности мужчин, осужденных за преступления насильственного характера

the article presents a study on the peculiarities of the degree of existential fulfillment in men convicted of violent crimes. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the low level of study of this issue, as well as due to the increasing number of violent crimes. Thus, the increase in the number of recidivism due to this fact of committing crimes is related to the degree of existential fulfillment, that is, unwillingness to take responsibility for their actions and non-acceptance of themselves by convicts as individuals. The article also reflects the personality characteristics of those convicted of violent crimes, which differ in the presence of special criminally negative properties and personality qualities. The personality of a criminal is defined by researchers as a set of socially significant negative properties. These properties are formed in the process of long-term interaction with other people. Personality also includes a set of criminalized properties and qualities. In order to study existential fulfillment, we have identified the object of research – existential fulfillment. The subject of the research conducted by the researchers identified the features of existential fulfillment in men convicted of violent crimes. The empirical base of the study was collected on the basis of the high-security penal colony of the Federal Penitentiary Institution IK-3 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Kirov region. The sample of the study is presented in the number of 60 convicts. The age of the convicts is 18-40 years old inclusive. According to the results of the study, the features of the existential fulfillment of convicted men of the studied category were noted, and the uniqueness of the use of art therapeutic methods in working with this category of persons was noted. The article also indicates the reasons why the existential fulfillment of convicts has correspondingly low values. Thus, the result obtained indicates the existing lifestyle of the convicts. As noted in the study, the formed lifestyle can be influenced by uncertainty in decision-making, as well as uncertainty in an "existential place". A special role is played by conducting planned and comprehensive psychological correction and educational work with this category of convicts.

CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR THE PREVENTION OF MYOPIA IN STUDENTS IN A UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT

Introduction. The relevance of the conducted research is determined, on the one hand, by the unfavorable epidemiological situation regarding myopia among students, and on the other hand, by extremely incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms that mediate its development, progression, and stabilization.
 The aim of this study is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of factors that contribute to the development of myopia, as well as the development of methods for assessing the risk of its occurrence, prevention of progression and psychological correction of myopia, research on the role of physical exertion in the prevention of visual fatigue and psychological correction of myopia with the help of therapeutic exercises.
 Materials and methods. The study covered a representative sample of students from different regions of Ukraine. The number of participants was determined on the basis of statistical calculations to achieve sufficient representativeness of the results – 62 first- and second-year students of the Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic National University. The study of the peculiarities of the stability of attention and the speed of attention switching of myopic and normally ophthalmologically healthy students using the "Correction test" method by B. Burdon.
 Results and discussion. Analyzing the results of the projective method, we can note that myopic individuals have more often (25%) the influence of the family in their lives, in contrast to healthy individuals (10%). Differences are also observed in the indicators of anxiety, in particular, myopic people show more anxiety in relation to society and feel insecurity (41%), in contrast to healthy people (23%). At the same time, there are insignificant differences in openness to communication – myopic people show a high level (56%) in contrast to healthy people (67%). Among students with a reduced relative reserve of accommodation, a decrease in the static endurance of the back muscles was more often observed. It was 17.74% for boys and 22.58% for girls. 32.25% of boys and 77.41% of girls had incorrect postures. To increase the static endurance of the muscles of the back, neck, and press, a technique was developed that included two repetitions of 2-3 exercises for each muscle group with a short interval between repetitions.
 Conclusions. 1. Refractive disorders corresponding to mild and moderate myopia include restructuring of function at the level of the retina, visual pathways, and cerebral cortex. 2. Under conditions of the presence of myopia in a person, changes occur in the functioning of both the visual sensory system and higher nervous activity, in particular, attention. 3. The presence of myopia is also related to the psychological characteristics of the individual, in particular, the level of anxiety, the degree of independence and the feeling of attachment to the family, the search for protection from society and a safe environment for self-development. 4. Corrective and preventive measures should include a set of measures, such as psychophysiological stimulation of visual analyzers, selection of individual modes of performance of visual loads, increasing the variety of methods of intra-family interaction. 5. The analysis of the results of the study in the university environment of the impact of physical exercises on the problem of myopia among students showed the high effectiveness of physical activity and adapted physical exercises for the prevention of the development of myopia among students.

Associations between perfectionism and empathy in psychiatry and neurology residents

BACKGROUND: Empathy is considered a key element in doctor-patient relationship that may positively influence communication and outcomes. However, the correlation of empathy with perfectionism, which prevalence and rates among students are increasing, remains understudied.
 AIM: The aim is to study the associations between perfectionism and empathy in psychiatry and neurology residents.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Psychiatry and neurology residents (n = 100) aged 22–29 filled out the following validated instruments: “Three-Factor Perfectionism Inventory” (N.G. Garanyan, et al.) and “The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)” (M. Davis). The sample was divided into three groups with high (n = 37), medium (n = 33) and low (n = 30) levels of perfectionism.
 RESULTS: Residents with high level of perfectionism have higher level of personal distress (p 0.01). In this group were also observed significant positive associations between general level of perfectionism and empathic concern (p 0.05); socially prescribed perfectionism and personal distress (p 0.05), fantasy (p 0.05), empathic concern (p 0.05); perfectionistic cognitive style and personal distress (p 0.01). In residents with medium level of perfectionism a positive correlation exists between self-oriented perfectionism and perspective taking (p 0.05). In residents with low level of perfectionism perspective taking negatively correlated with general level of perfectionism (p 0.01) and self-oriented perfectionism (p 0.05); a positive correlation exists between socially prescribed perfectionism and personal distress (p 0.01).
 CONCLUSIONS: These findings allow to identify socially prescribed perfectionism and perfectionistic cognitive style, that associated with personal distress, as targets of psychological correction.

ОТНОШЕНИЕ К БОЛЕЗНИ И ПРИВЕРЖЕННОСТЬ ЛЕЧЕНИЮ БОЛЬНЫХ С ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯМИ ИНСУЛЬТА

In patients with consequences of a stroke, disturbances in motor, cognitive, and sensory functions are observed; cardiovascular, endocrine and other body systems, impairment of self-care and independent walking. Physical dependence, the inability to self-care in fulfilling urgent biological needs leads to a feeling of helplessness and is accompanied by depressive, neurotic reactions to the disease. Restoration of impaired functions after a stroke has a long period and the success of recovery depends, on the one hand, on the volume and location of the brain lesion, the severity of motor and cognitive impairments, on the other hand, on the position of the patient himself, the attitude of the patient’s personality to the disease and adherence to treatment. A patient’s stay in a hospital is associated with the social expectations of the staff for certain behavior of the patient: fulfilling the instructions of the attending physician, partnership with staff (physical therapy methodologist, speech therapist, occupational therapist, etc.), the patient’s activity, the formation of healthy lifestyle attitudes (giving up smoking, alcohol, fatty food, etc.), which can be called psychological conditions for rehabilitation. However, not all patients are ready to fulfill these rehabilitation conditions, which are targets for psychological correction. The tasks of psychological assistance should be focused on developing adherence to treatment, forming cooperative relationships with staff, and healthy lifestyle attitudes, which can contribute to restorative treatment and the prevention of recurrent stroke. Psychological assistance during individual and group work should be focused on providing emotional support, setting realistic and understandable goals for the patient, adequate to the patient’s capabilities, both in a hospital and clinic, which can ensure his active inclusion in the treatment process.

Modern technologies of medical rehabilitation of patients who have undergone COVID-19 at the sanatorium-resort stage

The relevance and social significance of studying the issues of medical rehabilitation and the development of sanatorium treatment programs for patients who have suffered a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is determined by the high prevalence of this disease in a pandemic, the polymorphism of clinical manifestations, the possibility of developing postcovid syndrome and disability of such patients. Currently, medical rehabilitation of patients is carried out in 3 stages and includes the use of methods of physiotherapy, massage, therapeutic physical education, diet therapy, psychological correction, etc. Sanatorium treatment creates additional opportunities for recovery after a new coronavirus infection due to the use of primarily natural physical factors as the most physiological methods. Currently, research is underway to study the effectiveness of various sanatorium treatment programs in patients who have undergone COVID-19.

An integrated approach in the treatment of a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and tracheobronchial tree with psychological support

One of the complications of the tuberculosis process is tuberculosis of the tracheobronchial tree, which tends to grow in recent years. Many studies indicate the incidence of bronchial tuberculosis from 10% to 40%, taking into account the level of diagnostic measures to detect tuberculosis and the availability of endoscopic services. An important problem in the treatment of tuberculosis is psychological problems in patients, including those with drug-resistant tuberculosis. In phthisiology, attention is drawn to the widespread history of stress in patients with tuberculosis and the complexity of psychological rehabilitation against the background of treatment. In relation to such patients, it is advisable to use a comprehensive medical and psychological approach, including specialized care based on the developed models of psychological rehabilitation. A large number of studies show that among patients with tuberculosis of the trachea and bronchi, young women, non-smokers with a high level of education and income are about 2 times more likely. An important problem is also unstable compliance and low stress tolerance in patients with neurotic personality organization, prone to actualization of maladaptive stereotypes of responding to the difficulties of the treatment process. This clinical example demonstrates the high efficiency of complex treatment of the tuberculosis process, which included anti-tuberculosis therapy, inhalation therapy, surgical treatment and psychological correction. Despite the late diagnosis of the tuberculosis process, relief of intoxication syndrome, cessation of bacte excretion and improvement of the clinical condition were achieved by 2 months of treatment. This approach in the complex treatment of the tuberculosis process is extremely important and relevant to achieve high treatment results.