Psychoeducational Intervention Research Articles

Exploring the landscape of entrepreneurship in Pakistan: a comparative analysis of perceptions, challenges, and the need for psychoeducational interventions in the academic sector

ObjectivesEntrepreneurship in Pakistan is steadily growing, significantly impacting on economic development and job creation, despite facing several challenges. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of students and faculty members about entrepreneurship in public and private universities in Pakistan. It also sought to evaluate the barriers and motivational factors promoting entrepreneurship among these universities.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, and a comprehensive questionnaire was utilized to collect data. A total of 213 individuals from different disciplines took part in the study. This study examines the similarities and differences in the views of faculty members and students toward entrepreneurship by using SPSS 25.ResultsIn terms of motivation, 72% of private sector participants cited income satisfaction as a key factor, compared to 58% in the public sector. The proportion of participants willing to apply for funding for entrepreneurial support was 68%, predominantly among private sector participants (75% vs. 61%). Access to training programs was reported by 62%, but private universities provided 35% more institutional support. The results of the chi-squared test revealed that institutional business courses, startup funding, and funding applications were significantly correlated in public and private sectors. Key risks identified included a lack of access to funding (42%), inadequate workforce skills (37%), and limited market opportunities (29%). Fresh graduate entrepreneurial failures were attributed to lack of experience (43%) and market adaptability (33%). The study also highlighted the connection between entrepreneurial activities and mental health issues, including frustration, burnout, and a lack of motivation for business. Both groups showed similar perceptions regarding business potential and suggested mentorship as a key area for improving entrepreneurship.ConclusionThe study suggests that promoting entrepreneurship in Pakistan should focus on targeted interventions through the initiation of psychoeducational training, networking opportunities, and mentorship. Additionally, these policies should identify the sectoral issues they aim to solve while incorporating mental health policies to create a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem. Extending the study to include various industries and stakeholders will be another direction for future research to improve policy and practice.

PSYCHOEDUCATION TO PREVENT SMARTPHONE ADDICTION THROUGH COMMUNITY BASED INTERVENTION

The prevalence of problematic smartphone usage has become a widespread concern. Excessive smartphone use can develop into an addiction if prompt intervention is not implemented. In order to effectively engage a broader demographic, health cadres play a crucial role in disseminating information to parents regarding strategies for mitigating smartphone addiction in children. The study aimed to examine the effect of psychoeducational interventions to prevent smartphone addiction among children in health cadres. The study employed a quasi-experimental, one-group pre-test and post-test design. The questionnaire comprised ten questions with a reliability coefficient of 0.60. Twenty health cadres from Public Health Center X in Malang were selected as participants. A series of six sessions were done to provide psychoeducation to prevent smartphone addiction. The findings revealed a discernible disparity between the scores obtained before the intervention's implementation and those obtained after completion. The t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores, as shown by a significance level of p < 0.001 and a t-value of -9.787. This finding suggests that the intervention increased the knowledge of the health cadres.

A feasibility study of KINDER: an elder mistreatment intervention for family caregivers of persons living with dementia

ABSTRACT Elder mistreatment occurs in as many as one-half of the 11 million family care partnerships with persons living with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (AD/ADRD) in the United States. Knowledge and Interpersonal Skills to Develop Enhanced Relationships is an 8-week psychoeducational intervention to prevent psychological mistreatment among family caregivers to persons living with dementia by building healthy caregiving relationships. The investigators conducted a single-arm pre- and posttest study to assess KINDER’s feasibility. A total of 45 caregivers enrolled, among whom 37 completed the follow-up survey (82.2% retention). Caregivers attended an average of 2.1 of 3 discussion sessions (SD = 0.76). Paired t-test analyses comparing outcomes at baseline and post-intervention demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in psychological mistreatment and relationship strain, and an increase in resourcefulness skills. These findings suggest KINDER is a feasible low- to moderate-intensity intervention to prevent psychological mistreatment with AD/ADRD caregiving. Future research will test KINDER’s efficacy.

A feasibility and pilot trial of the Brief Educational Guide for Individuals in Need (BEGIN): Psychoeducation for individuals at risk for psychosis.

Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) report a strong desire for psychoeducation, and clinical guidelines recommend psychoeducation in early psychosis care. Although several CHR psychoeducation models have been developed, additional research is needed to establish the effectiveness of these models. The goal of this study was to conduct a pilot trial of the Brief Educational Guide for Individuals in Need (BEGIN). BEGIN is a brief structured psychoeducation intervention designed to educate CHR individuals on symptoms and treatment options. We conducted a feasibility and pilot study of 25 CHR individuals (60% female, Mage = 20.6, 64% non-White, 52% Hispanic/Latino) identified via the Structured Interview for Psychosis Risk Syndromes. Qualitative interviews were administered to learn about their experience and analyzed using iterative thematic analysis. Participants (n = 12) completed pre- and post-BEGIN self-report measures to assess factors that influence treatment engagement, including CHR knowledge and motivation for therapy. Data were analyzed using Hedges' g effect sizes and paired samples t tests. The intervention completion rate (83%) and therapeutic alliance were high. Qualitative themes and quantitative measures converged on similar results showing how CHR individuals were impacted by receiving psychoeducation via BEGIN, including increased CHR knowledge (g = 1.37), competence to monitor symptoms (g = 0.53), hope (g = 0.87), and motivation for therapy (g = 0.46). This study demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and potential benefits of the BEGIN CHR psychoeducation model, including enhancing motivation for treatment. The flexible but standardized format can facilitate BEGIN's implementation and dissemination.This pilot study found that the Brief Educational Guide for Individuals in Need (BEGIN), a standardized five-session psychoeducation intervention for individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR), was feasible, acceptable, and enhanced mental health literacy and motivation for subsequent treatment. Clinicians can utilize the BEGIN intervention to ensure the empathic provision of psychoeducation when disclosing patients' CHR status. Future research with a larger sample will establish efficacy and the development of a clinician training to facilitate implementation (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Effectiveness of My Tools for Care-in Care: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.

Few supports exist for family/friend care partners when the care recipient is a person living with dementia in a care home. This study assessed the effectiveness of My Tools for Care-In Care (MT4C-In Care), a self-administered, web-based psychoeducational intervention. The overall study was a mixed methods pragmatic randomized controlled trial, with concurrent process evaluation and an active (educational) control. The intervention group received a link to MT4C-In Care for 2months. Participants were eligible if they were an adult (≥18years of age) who provided care to an older person (≥65years of age) living with dementia in a care home in Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, or Ontario). An email address and internet access were required to participate. Process evaluation included a study participation tracking form and a checklist to assess use of MT4C-In Care. We completed telephone interviews (February 2020 to October 2021) at baseline, 2months, and 4months to assess outcomes of social support, hope, grief, self-efficacy, loneliness, and mental health. In an intention-to-treat analysis, generalized estimating equations models were used to assess intervention impact, adjusting for covariates. Sensitivity analysis assessed whether exclusion of nonusers impacted the results. Participants (N= 234) were primarily white women, and spouses or an adult child of the person living with dementia. No effect between groups was observed for the primary outcome (mental health). We observed a small benefit of MT4C-In Care for a secondary outcome, social support. Use of MT4C-In Care within the intervention group was low (∼1h/mo). Dropping nonusers from the analysis did not have a substantial impact on the main conclusions. Future research will explore use of MT4C-In Care by more diverse participant groups, and will clarify its core mechanisms, advancing understanding of impacts of psychoeducational interventions.

Applying the Social Cognitive Theory to Design a Health Education Program on Weight-Loss Behaviors Among Police Officers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Being overweight/having obesity is a prevalent condition not only among the general population but also among individuals with special occupations such as police officers, where fitness is often a necessity. The present study's aim was to assess how much a psychoeducational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) would be helpful for encouraging weight loss behaviors among police officers. In a randomized control trial, 102 police officers who were overweight or had obesity voluntarily registered for a weight loss program and were assigned to either an intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group took part in a health education program comprising six face-to-face 60-80minute sessions over a 6-week period that was designed based on SCT principles. The control group participated in routine worksite health promotion programs comprising weekly one-hour sessions on lifestyle-related topics and optional individual nutrition consultations. At baseline and 3months after the intervention, both groups were examined in terms of SCT's measures and weight control strategies as the primary outcomes, as well as para-clinical variables such as blood lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) as secondary outcomes. Analysis of covariance was used to assess changes from baseline to follow-up between groups. All SCT measures indicated significant improvements among those in the intervention group compared with the control group. Outcome expectancy (F=445; p<0.001) and self-efficacy (F=366; p<0.001) were the two most influential factors. Although both intervention and control groups reported significant changes in weight control behaviors, all behavioral scores in the intervention group were considerably greater than those in the controls. The dietary choice component showed the greatest change from baseline to follow-up (F=267; p<0.001). All indices of blood lipid profile also indicated significant improvements in the intervention group compared with the control group. Weight decreased significantly more from baseline to follow-up among those in the intervention group compared with those in the control group (F=69.0, p<0.001). BMI was reduced in the intervention group, while in the control group showed a slight increase (mean difference: -0.4 [CI: -0.4 to -0.3] versus 0.1 [CI: 0.0 to 0.1]). An education program based on SCT may contribute to weight loss among police officers who are overweight/have obesity. Assessment of the program's effects in other settings and occupational populations is warranted.

Resonance, self-reflection, and preparedness through a web-based intervention for family caregivers of patients with life-threatening illness receiving specialised home care.

In home-based care for severely ill patients, family caregivers' contributions are crucial. This study aimed to explore how a web-based psychoeducational intervention influences family caregivers' experiences in addressing challenges while caring for a patient with life-threatening illnesses during specialized home care. This qualitative study undertook semi-structured interviews with family caregivers of patients with life-threatening illness receiving specialized home care. Family caregivers participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating a psychoeducational intervention delivered through a website. Interviews were performed with 17 family caregivers; 13 spouses, 2 adult children, 1 parent, and 1 sibling, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results indicate that the intervention resonated with the family caregivers' situation which gave them comfort and awareness. It inspired self-reflection on the caregiver role that provided new insights and encouraged communication with the patient. The intervention prepared family caregivers for the patient's progressing illness and death. While preparing was a help for some, others did not feel ready to face this, which led them to avoid parts of the website. This psychoeducational web-based intervention guided family caregivers as they addressed challenges in caregiving and prepared for the future, and they valued having access to such an intervention. In a time of decreasing healthcare resources, web-based support may be a useful alternative to in-person interventions. It is important to continue developing, evaluating, and implementing web-based interventions to meet the needs of family caregivers.

Exploring the Dimensions of Perfectionism in Adolescence: A Multi-Method Study on Mental Health and CBT-Based Psychoeducation.

Perfectionism in adolescents can have both adaptive and maladaptive forms, with implications for mental health and school performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among perfectionism, mental health factors, and emotional regulation in adolescents and to evaluate the efficacy of psychoeducational interventions. Two studies were conducted: (1) A cross-sectional study (n = 261) examined the correlations among perfectionism, mental health factors, and emotional regulation. (2) An experimental study (n = 115) evaluated the effects of psychoeducation on perfectionism and healthy habits compared with a control group. The measures included questionnaires on perfectionism, depression, anxiety, stress, and emotional regulation. Study 1 found that maladaptive perfectionism was positively correlated with depression (r = 0.52, p < 0.001), anxiety (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), stress (r = 0.45, p < 0.001), and difficulties in emotional regulation (r = 0.39, p < 0.001). Adaptive perfectionism was negatively correlated with deficits in emotional understanding (r = -0.31, p < 0.05). Study 2 showed that psychoeducational interventions reduced maladaptive perfectionism (mean difference = -5.7, p < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.62) and depression levels (mean difference = -3.2, p < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.38) but increased stress in the experimental groups. No significant changes were observed in adaptive perfectionism or the anxiety level. These findings highlight the complex relationships among perfectionism, mental health, and emotional regulation in adolescents. Targeted interventions can reduce maladaptive perfectionism and its associated negative effects. Further research is needed on the long-term outcomes and refinement of interventional strategies.

“This Is Loneliness, Helplessness, Desolation…”: Exploring the Emotions and Emotion Regulation Experiences of Mothers of Children Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background Caring for children with leukemia presents significant challenges and stress for mothers, which can negatively affect their psychological well-being. However, emotion regulation plays a vital role in maintaining psychological well-being during such stressful situations. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the emotions and emotion regulation strategies of mothers of children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods The research used a phenomenological approach. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 mothers in Turkey. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used for reporting the research. Results Four themes and their subthemes emerged from the data: (1) emotional tides: anchor to hope from emotional suffering (emotional suffering and anchor to hope), (2) sources of emotions (meaning and effects of cancer, the child’s suffering and happiness, the burden of societal stigma, motherhood in the shadow of cancer, and social support and strains in relationships), (3) emotion regulation strategies (suppression, cognitive strategies, and behavioral strategies), and (4) difficulties of emotion regulation (lack of strategy, inability to notice and express emotions, and behaving impulsively). Conclusions Mothers of children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia often experience distressing emotions and struggle to maintain positive emotions and regulate their distress. They tend to rely on maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, such as suppression, catastrophizing, and rumination. Implications for Practice Nurses should recognize the emotional challenges faced by mothers and implement psychoeducational interventions that include adaptive emotion regulation strategies. This support can help mothers navigate the difficult emotions encountered during their child’s cancer journey.

Is it possible to talk about violence climate in grassroots sport? A study on the psychosocial adaptations of young athletes.

There is a need for greater scientific attention to research on violence (e.g., insults, intimidation, beatings) in contexts where such behaviors are prevalent. The agonizing win-lose vision that oftentimes is characteristic of sports competition is not understood in the same way in grassroots sports as in professional sports. Although increasingly frequent, the federative systems for young athletes replicate professional competitions, and the agonizing win-lose vision and psychosocial agents that characterize sports competitions do not impact grassroots sports in the same way as in professional sports. The present study aimed to establish a predictive model of the influence of exposure to violence in initiation sports on peer social relations under competitive situations in young athletes. Through a descriptive, non-randomized, and associative study, a sample of 503 young athletes (Mage = 14.76 1 ± 72 years; 54.80% girls) was recollected, belonging to different Spanish sports centres who completed instruments designed to identify their exposure to violence, prosocial and aggressive tendencies among peers, and competitiveness. The results show that increased exposure to violence in sports amplifies those effects that excessive motivation for success and external influences, increases the likelihood of aggressive behaviors in young athletes (mainly in boys), while the emergence of prosocial skills in both boys and girls reduces aggressiveness and exposure to violent behaviors. For this reason, to offer a more than relevant background in reducing the effects of excessive competitiveness in grassroots sport, scientific contributions on the protective efficacy of prosocial tendencies against the emergence of aggressive behavior. In addition, contemplating the sociological analysis of the proliferation of insults, harassment, and violent behavior (e.g., observed behaviors or victimization) experienced in sports at very early ages will allow, in a more applied vision, the convenience of designing more psycho-educational sport practice strategies (e.g., social skills integrated into sports action, fair play) both for young athletes and for those adults who accompany them (e.g., parents, coaches, managers). Addressing the effects of excessive competitiveness and violence in grassroots sports requires a comprehensive approach involving both sociological analysis and applied psycho-educational interventions.

Severe Obsessive‒compulsive Disorder of Transformation in a 13-year-old Adolescent: A Case Report

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) with transformation obsession is a rare psychiatric disorder that can pose various diagnostic difficulties and treatment challenges. Scientific research focusing on this disorder in adolescents is scarce. In this work, we present the case of a teenage girl who was treated for severe OCD with transformation obsession. The psychiatric management of this adolescent was performed on an outpatient basis and took place in the juvenile department at Saint Ylie Hospital (France). We hope that our work will add to the existing data on the psychiatric management of this condition in adolescents. In this work, we used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th version for the evaluation of psychiatric disorders and the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) to assess the severity of symptoms. Case Presentation: The patient (13 years old) experienced persistent, intrusive, and distressing ideas about transforming into another person. Despite knowing how unreal these ideas were, she feared they would come true. She had rituals that she felt compelled to carry out to help her manage her worries temporarily. She also experienced involuntary non-rhythmic movements of the facial muscles simultaneously. The patient was diagnosed with OCD with good insight and comorbid tics. Initially, the total CY-BOCS score was 40/40. Psychosis was considered a differential diagnosis due to the atypicality of the clinical manifestation, but it was ruled out after a thorough clinical evaluation. Psychotherapeutic management was not possible before adequate pharmaceutical treatment was started because of invasive and distressing symptoms. The pharmacological management led to the administration of a combination of fluoxetine at a dose of 40mg with olanzapine at a dose of 5mg after a partial response to fluoxetine alone. Weekly individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was started as soon as the adolescent's condition allowed and included psychoeducation, muscle relaxation techniques, cognitive restructuring, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), self-affirmation work, and relapse prevention. At the same time, parents also benefited from psychoeducational interventions. The evolution was marked by total clinical remission and clear psychometric improvement. The total CY-BOCS score ranged from 40/40 to 07/40 after 5 months of CBT. No adverse effects were reported throughout the treatment. Conclusion: This case shows the possibility of unusual and severe OCD in adolescents. It also highlights the importance of careful diagnosis so as not to be mistaken and consider it a psychosis. The management of this type of OCD requires the combination of two pharmacological treatments before starting individual CBT and psychoeducational intervention for parents. This combination allows a complete clinical remission after a few months. It is preferable that further clinical trials be conducted to protocolize the management of this type of OCD.

The Effect of Gender Ideal Adherence on Carer Burden and Help-Seeking in Male Carers of People With Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease that is commonly diagnosed in middle age and disproportionately affects women. Consequently, middle-aged men (as partners and husbands) are often the caregivers, a unique group in comparison with carers for people with other long-term neurological conditions, who are predominately women. Previous research has indicated that male carers respond differently from their female counterparts in terms of carer burden. Authors of gender role construct literature have reported that gender role conflict and gender role flexibility have an influence on men's attitudes about seeking help and support. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gender role conflict and gender role flexibility have an effect on help-seeking attitudes and carer burden within this unique group of carers. Data were collected from an international sample of 68 participants, using results from online and paper surveys, and were primarily analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. Results indicated that gender role conflict and gender role flexibility explained a significant variance in burden but were not significantly associated with attitudes toward help-seeking. Rather, appearance of coping was posited as a potential variable mediating the relationship between gender role conflict and help-seeking attitudes. These findings indicate how gender role constructs affect carer coping, suggesting that support for male carers may require tailored interventions. Appearance of coping is highlighted as a variable that requires further investigation. Further, a direction for psychoeducational interventions applicable to other groups of male carers is suggested.

The novel manualized RELIEVE-group treatment for burdened relatives of cancer patients: a feasibility study.

The experience of cancer among relatives is characterized by an increase in anxiety and depression, stress, and a reduction in quality of life. However, there is a paucity of psychosocial support programmes for relatives and a dearth of evidence-based, manualized interventions. Accordingly, the present study aims to assess the acceptability, defined as participant drop-out and satisfaction, and feasibility, in terms of mental health improvement, of a novel manualized psycho-educational group intervention. The manual was developed on the basis of previous research into psychotherapy. A total of 33 relatives of cancer patients were recruited from the West German Tumor Center and participated in the five modules of the RELIEVE treatment which included an introduction, communication skills, stress and anxiety management and self-care. The primary outcome was assessed using a range of measures, including anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), stress (PSQ), self-efficacy (SES), need for support (SCNSP&C-G), and quality of life (WGOQOL-BREF) before and after the completion of the treatment programme. A paired samples T-test was employed to assess the feasibility of the treatment, with pre- and post-scores being compared. The secondary outcome of treatment acceptance was evaluated by calculating the drop-out rate and scoring a treatment satisfaction questionnaire. A high level of satisfaction was reported by participants. The drop-out rate for the treatment was minimal, at only 2.86%. Following the completion of the treatment programme, there were significant improvements in anxiety, depression and stress scores, as well as an improvement in quality of life. No significant improvements were observed in self-efficacy, work and social security needs, and quality of life in the social relationships domain. The RELIEVE intervention demonstrated high feasibility and acceptance among emotionally affected relatives of cancer patients, addressing a gap in previous interventions that were often limited in scope and lacked standardised manuals. This feasibility study on treatment acceptance underlines the importance of measures that are tailored to the specific needs of cancer patients' relatives, and of integrating them into the general healthcare system.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Families Addressing Cancer Together for Parents With Cancer: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effects

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Families Addressing Cancer Together (FACT), a web‐based, individually tailored, psychoeducational intervention for parents with cancer to improve illness‐related communication with their minor children.MethodsParents with stage I‐IV solid tumors who had children ages 3–17 were randomized to 6 weeks of FACT versus waitlist control. Feasibility was assessed by rates of recruitment and retention. Acceptability (primary outcome) was defined a priori as ≥ 75% of FACT participants rating FACT ≥ 12 (on an 18‐point study‐specific scale), and semi‐structured interviews provided additional qualitative acceptability information. Generalized estimating equation methods were used to assess preliminary efficacy for communication self‐efficacy, depression, and anxiety; Fisher's exact tests explored differences in individual communication beliefs and behaviors.ResultsForty‐eight approached patients enrolled (recruitment rate: 73%), 85% were retained through the post‐intervention assessment, and 78% rated FACT as acceptable. In the FACT group compared to control, the modeled improvement in CSES scores from baseline to post‐intervention was 9.5 versus 0 points (p = 0.004). FACT participants were more likely to have told their children that they have cancer (83.3% vs. 52.2%, p = 0.03) and felt more prepared to answer their children's questions about cancer (p = 0.02). Groups did not differ in depression or anxiety.ConclusionsFACT was feasible, acceptable, and demonstrated potential to improve parents' communication self‐efficacy, beliefs, and behaviors. A large scale randomized controlled trial of FACT is needed to confirm these benefits and evaluate longer‐term effects on psychological outcomes for parents with cancer and their children.

Trauma web-based psychoeducational programme: systematic cultural adaptation and protocol for a feasibility-acceptability study

ABSTRACT Background: Trauma exposure in Indonesia is high despite the fact that there is limited accessibility to mental healthcare. Pulihkan Luka (PL) is a web-based trauma psychoeducation intervention that aims to provide a practical solution to overcome barriers to accessing mental healthcare. Objectives: This article aimed to (1) describe the cultural adaptation process of PL for Indonesian students and (2) describe the design of the pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) that examines the feasibility and acceptability of PL. Methods: First, we describe the cultural adaptation process of PL following the 5-phase Formative Method for Adapting Psychotherapy (FMAP) approach: (1) knowledge generation, (2) information integration, (3) review and revision, (4) mini-testing, and (5) finalisation. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to gather the views of 15 stakeholders on psychoeducation material and trauma-related mental health problems. Based on the outcomes, we decided to utilise the informal Indonesian language, incorporate practical worksheets and infographics, which include illustrations that reflect Indonesia’s cultural diversity, and provide guidance on seeking help that aligns with the mental health system in Indonesia. Second, we describe the design of a pilot RCT. Undergraduate students (N = 130) will be randomised to (1) four to seven sessions of PL + Enhanced Usual Care (PL + EUC; n = 65) or (2) Enhanced Usual Care only (EUC only; n = 65). Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and three and six-month follow-up. Additionally, 20 participants will be invited for an FGD to explore their experiences with the intervention. Quantitative data will be analysed using linear mixed-effect models, and qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis. Discussion: Cultural adaptation is crucial for optimally developing and assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based trauma psychoeducation intervention in Indonesia. The outcomes of the RCT will inform the feasibility and acceptability of web-based trauma psychoeducation in the Indonesian undergraduate student population.

초기 청소년이 지각한 부모양육태도, 우울, 스마트폰 중독의 종단적 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the longitudinal relationship between perceived parenting style, depression, and smartphone addiction in early adolescents. Methods For the purpose of this study, the data of 2,670 elementary school fourth graders from the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey (KYCPS) 2018 were used for three years from 2018 (1st wave) to 2020 (3rd wave), and analyzed by the autoregressive cross-lagged model, which can confirm the mutual causal relationship between the three variables. The research steps included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and autoregressive cross-lagged analysis. Results The results of the analysis showed that, first, negative parenting, depression, and smartphone addiction at the previous time point significantly predicted negative parenting, depression, and smartphone addiction at the next time point, indicating that the relationship between the three latent variables was stable over the three-year time period. Second, the interaction effects of negative parenting, depression, and smartphone addiction were different. There was a significant cross-lagged effect between depression and smartphone addiction, suggesting a mutual causal relationship between depression and smartphone addiction. There were no cross-lagged effects between negative parenting and depression, and negative parenting and smartphone addiction. Conclusions The relationship between perceived parenting style, depression, and smartphone addiction in early adolescents is consistent over time, suggesting the need for psychoeducational interventions during early adolescence. Furthermore, the reciprocal relationship between depression and smartphone addiction in early adolescents suggests that proactive efforts to prevent depression and smartphone addiction in the early school years are needed.

Enhancing assessment for eating disorders: the impact of a podcast-based pre-treatment psychoeducation intervention

ABSTRACT This study reports the outcome of a low intensity pre-treatment intervention (a guided e-health podcast) for patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, delivered between assessment and the start of the full outpatient treatment programme. A case series design was used. A total of 254 patients at a specialist eating disorder service were offered a pre-treatment three-week psychoeducational intervention (Keeping Myself Safe; KMS), and 203 undertook the intervention. The intervention consisted of six podcasts (107 mins), an accompanying workbook, and a follow-up review appointment. Body Mass Index and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire scores were taken at assessment, end of the KMS intervention (mean duration = 21.9 days) and start of treatment (mean = 79.8 days post KMS intervention). Generalised Linear Mixed Models were used to test main and interaction effects (diagnosis x time). There were improvements on most variables following the KMS intervention. The effects were more pronounced for patients with bulimia nervosa across several measures. Pre-treatment guided e-health psychoeducational interventions can be associated with early attitudinal and behavioural change in patients with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa whilst on the waiting list for treatment. They allow greater, affordable accessibility to effective psychoeducation and enhance potential engagement. More research is required to investigate the longer-term impact on retention and outcome, particularly in anorexia nervosa.

Diagnostic effectiveness of the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 supplemented with a brief clinical intake interview in a cohort of Polish elite Olympic athletes

ObjectiveSeveral studies have used the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 (SMHAT-1) among athletes but none have combined SMHAT-1 with a subsequent clinical intake interview. The aim of this study...

Children’s vagal flexibility is a predictor and moderator of treatment response to early parenting interventions for inhibited youth

Behavioral inhibition (BI), a dispositional trait characterized by fear and withdrawal in the face of novelty, is a risk factor for the later diagnosis of anxiety; yet, not all inhibited children go on to develop anxiety disorders. Certain parenting behaviors moderate risk for anxiety among temperamentally inhibited youth, which has motivated the creation of early parenting interventions to mitigate this risk among young children high in BI. These programs vary in complexity, begging the question of who needs more or less intensive intervention. In addition, variability in children’s parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) functioning may provide insight into the substantial heterogeneity in anxiety outcomes for children high in BI. The current study investigates the role of vagal flexibility (VF), an index of non-linear change in PNS functioning, in children’s response to an early intervention for anxiety (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02308826). Participants ( n = 151, ages of 45–64 months) were randomized to participate in the Turtle Program (“Turtle”), a multi-component intervention comprising an adaptation of parent–child interaction therapy and social skills training, or Cool Little Kids (CLK), an established psychoeducational parenting intervention. Child participants also completed pre-, mid-, and post-treatment laboratory visits, which included a series of social stressor tasks preceded by a non-stressful but emotionally engaging video, during which cardiac physiology was recorded. Longitudinal latent profile analyses were used to identify latent non-linear trajectories of VF across the entire intervention (i.e., pre-, mid-, and post-treatment visits). Two latent classes were distinguished by the presence of high or low child VF across the treatment. Although VF class membership was not associated with intervention group membership, auxiliary within-class prediction models suggest that children who exhibited consistently greater VF demonstrated lower post-treatment clinician severity ratings of anxiety in Turtle, β = −0.21, p = .01, but not in CLK, β = 0.13, p = .39. Findings contribute to a broad literature demonstrating the utility of indices of PNS functioning in providing insight into risk for psychopathology and suggest that children’s VF moderates treatment response by supporting children’s ability to effectively engage in and extract benefits from intervention protocols. Implications for our understanding of the role children’s physiological regulation plays in the links between BI, parenting, risk for anxiety, and treatment response are discussed.

The Psychoeducational Interventions: a valuable communication tool to support the caregiver of people with dementia

Backgroundinformal caregivers of people with dementia are at greater risk of developing physical and mental health problems when compared to the general population: they often experience high levels of stress which can lead to a lowered sense of well-being, feelings of being burdened, depression and compromised physical health. The significant beneficial effects of Psychoeducational Interventions on the critical outcomes of caregiver burden and strain were considered sufficient to warrant a recommendation in favour of the intervention. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the use internet-based interventions: this study describes the effectiveness of support program for informal caregivers of people with dementia internet-based and on-site conditions.MethodsA Psychoeducational Interventions program, consisting of 5 meetings every 2 weeks, has been structured. It aims to provide information and strategies for managing cognitive and psycho-behavioral symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to develop effective communication skills and understanding of the caregiver's experience. Intervention formats include slides, video, group discussions and are always led by a psychologist. We assessed in 73 caregivers (33 internet-based and 40 on-site conditions) level of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia management, dementia awareness, social support, find leisure time, harmony with relative, stress, with Visual-Analogue Scale at the beginning of PI and at the end. During the pandemic period the protocol was adapted to be available online and subsequently proposed to caregivers belonging to the Cognitive Disorders and Dementia Centre.Resultsin both modalities, internet-based and on-site condition, a statistically significant improvement was highlighted in all aspects (p < 0.05, for all p-value). Questionnaire on basic dementia knowledge was successfully completed at 100%. Also, participants reported a medium to high level of satisfaction with very limited dropouts (< 3%).ConclusionsThe evidence from this pilot study indicated that caregiver support interventions in both conditions significantly improved several and important outcomes: they showed a significant effect in reducing caregiver strain and improving ability and knowledge. Indeed, Psychoeducational Interventions contribute to effective coping strategies to mitigate caregiver burden so they can continue to provide care for loved ones.