Psychiatric Morbidity In Children Research Articles

Assault Profile and Psychiatric Morbidity in Children With Sexual Abuse: A Community Based Cross- Sectional Study From an Urban Law-Enforcement Centre in India

Assault Profile and Psychiatric Morbidity in Children With Sexual Abuse: A Community Based Cross- Sectional Study From an Urban Law-Enforcement Centre in India

Psychiatric morbidity in children involved in bullying treated at the Free State Psychiatric Complex.

Bullying is a multifaceted problem with many consequences. This study aimed to determine the psychiatric morbidity of children involved in bullying, either as bullies or victims, treated at the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care Centre of the Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC). Free State Psychiatric Complex, Bloemfontein, South Africa. This retrospective cross-sectional study included children under 18 years treated at the FSPC Care Centre between January and September 2017. Information was extracted from patient files. Of 288 patients, 98 (34.0%) were involved in bullying: 66 were bullies, 28 victims, 3 bully-victims, and 1 unspecified. For gender and family structure, there were no statistically significant differences between children involved and those not involved in bullying and between bullies and victims. Almost all bullies (95.4%) had aggression as presenting complaint compared with 39.3% of the victims (p < 0.01). Statistically significantly more victims, than bullies, reported sadness (21.4%, 4.6%, p = 0.02). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was diagnosed in most children, both involved (73.5%) and not involved (63.2%). Statistically significant differences for the presence of conduct disorder were found between children involved and those not involved in bullying (31.6%, 10.0%, p < 0.01) and between bullies and victims (39.4%, 14.3%, p = 0.02). The prevalence of conduct disorder diagnosis was more common in bullies than in victims and those involved in bullying as opposed to those not involved. Psychiatric information of bullying victims and perpetrators in the Free State, which had a high prevalence of bullying in a national survey.

Psychiatric morbidity in family members of alcohol dependence patients.

There is a paucity of Indian studies assessing psychiatric morbidity among family members of subjects with alcohol use disorder. To study psychiatric morbidity in wives/life partners and children of alcohol-dependent patients. Fifty consecutive index patients diagnosed to be alcohol dependent according to the International Classification of Diseases-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders diagnostic criterion for research reporting to psychiatry department were taken. The study was conducted on family members of alcohol-dependent patients who were enrolled in the study as subjects. These included both their children and spouses and they were evaluated for any psychopathology using M. I. N. I. AND M. I. N. I.-KID scales. Out of 50 spouses and 67 children enrolled in the study group. Sixty-eight percent had psychiatric morbidity in spouses which include 34% had major depressive episodes. Spouses living in the nuclear family and illiterate had more psychiatric morbidity. Total psychiatric morbidity in children above 18 years was 56.25%, maximum being in alcohol and substance dependence. Total psychiatric morbidity in children between 6 years and 18 years was 31.37%, maximum being in generalized anxiety disorder (11.76%). Spouses of subjects with alcohol dependence have a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity. Spouses living in the nuclear family had a more major depressive episode and generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatric morbidity was more in illiterate spouses. Psychiatric morbidity was also high in children. Female children between 6 years and 18 years had more generalized anxiety disorder than males.

Original Research Article_A cross sectional study of psychiatric morbidity in children of alcohol dependent fathers

Original Research Article_A cross sectional study of psychiatric morbidity in children of alcohol dependent fathers

Psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents with dermatological disorders

Background:Understanding the existence of a cycle, where psychological disturbances cause skin diseases and in turn, skin diseases cause psychological disorders, provides the basis for good dermatological practice.Objective:The aim of this case-control study is to examine the psychiatric morbidity of dermatological disorders in children and adolescents with no history of psychiatric disorders.Method:In this study, 502 participants (251 patients and 251 healthy individuals) were evaluated according to DSM-IV criteria. All participants were interviewed and evaluated using the Turkish version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia – Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-1 and STAI-2), the Childhood Depression Inventory (CDI), adolescent and parent forms of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-A and SDQ-P) and a questionnaire evaluating child’s level of school success.Results:Our results indicated that the rates of general psychiatric comorbidity, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and adjustment disorders were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. The CDI, STAI-1, STAI-2, and SDQ (and subscales) scores were significantly higher in the study group. Moreover, psychiatric comorbidity was higher in inflammatory and allergic dermatoses compared to other dermatological subgroups. Having a dermatological disease restricts physical activity thus increasing the risk of psychiatric comorbidity.Conclusions:Investigating the education, attitudes, and awareness of dermatologists about psychocutaneous disorders might contribute to the development of new educational strategies and elicit appropriate biopsychosocial approaches.

Psychiatric morbidity in children attending child guidance clinic in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Mental health and its related problems are growing concerns over the world. The early onset of emotional and behavioral problem in the young children is related to a variety of health and behavior problems in adolescence and later life as well. Most of these children present to Pediatric outpatient clinics owing to the Stigma and lack of awareness. The aim of the study is to find out the pattern and prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in children presenting to pediatric outpatient clinics.Methods: It is a cross sectional, point prevalence study of children who have attended Child Guidance Clinic of Pediatric Department in a tertiary care teaching hospital October 2019 to January 2020. Clinical and demographic details was collected in a semi-structured proforma and the details were analyzed.Results: A total of 114 children were analyzed during the study period and this study comprised of 62 boys and 52 girls. Most of the children belonged to the age group of 11-15 years (51%) followed by the ages of 6-10(29.8%). Most common reason for consultation was change in behavior, school refusal and poor academic performance. The most common diagnosis made was Dissociative Conversion Disorder (17.6%), Nocturnal enuresis (15.7%), Mild Mental Retardation (10.5%) and Seizure Disorder with Behavioral Problems (10.5%).Conclusions: A significant number of children attending the Paediatric OPD of general hospitals have psychiatric disorders. The emotional and behavioral problems in children often present with physical symptoms. An effective liaison of services will help to identify and treat children with psychiatric morbidity.

Parent versus child report of children's sexual orientation: associations with psychiatric morbidity in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study

PurposeWe sought to document the association between parent’s report and their child’s report of the child’s sexual orientation and associations between this agreement/disagreement and the child’s psychiatric morbidity. MethodsData were drawn from 11,565 parent–child dyads who completed the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (2016-2018; children ages 9-10 years). Whether the child was “gay or bisexual” was asked separately of parent and child. We created four categories: (1) Concordant No; (2) Discordant: Parent Yes/Maybe, Child No/Unclear; (3) Discordant: Parent No, Child Yes/Maybe; (4) Concordant Yes/Maybe. Parents reported their child’s lifetime psychiatric morbidity (i.e., depression, anxiety, ADHD, ODD, OCD, PTSD, eating disorder, and conduct disorder). ResultsOf parent–child dyads, 960 (7.9%) disagreed about the child’s sexual orientation; the Concordant No dyads reported the lowest psychiatric morbidity compared with the other three dyad groups. Child psychiatric morbidity among the Discordant: Parent Yes/Maybe dyads compared with the Concordant No dyads was elevated across all disorders except PTSD (e.g., depression [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.51-3.21], anxiety [aOR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.38-1.92], and eating disorder [aOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.39-4.68]). ConclusionsThe sexual orientation disparity in psychiatric morbidity begins in childhood. Parent–child agreement/disagreement of children’s sexual orientation represents a potential marker of this early vulnerability.

Psychiatric morbidity in children of polysubstance abuser

Psychiatric morbidity in children of polysubstance abuser

Psychiatric morbidity in children of poly-substance abuser

Psychiatric morbidity in children of poly-substance abuser

Psychiatric morbidity and different treatment modalities in children with chronic kidney disease

IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a potentially life-threatening condition leading to various psychosocial problems associated with different treatment modalities in addition to their medical advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychiatric morbidity in children with CKD in terms of different treatment modalities in comparison to healthy peers. In addition, parental attitudes and psychiatric symptoms in this group of mothers were examined. Population and methodsA matched cohort study including 66 children with CKD (21 renal transplantation, 27 dialysis, 18 conservative treatment) and 37 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated. Children filled out the Children's Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Parental Attitude Scale, and the mothers filled out the Symptom Checklist-90-R. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, Present and Lifetime Version was used for psychiatric diagnosis. ResultsThe overall depression scores in children and the mothers’ overall symptom severity index were significantly higher in the CKD group: 40.9% of children in the CKD group were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, while the corresponding figure for the control group was 16.2%. The in-group comparison of the CKD group failed to detect any significant difference between the three treatment modalities. ConclusionThe results support the findings of research showing that CKD has high psychiatric morbidity. It is important to include psychosocial and psychiatric assessments in the evaluation processes of different treatment modalities in CKD.

Assessment of child's mental health problems using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

Background: While a number of studies in the Western countries have provided estimates of prevalence for child psychiatric morbidity and associated risk factors, relatively little is known about child psychiatric problems and risk factors in developing countries like India. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the patients' emotional status in an age group of 3–14 years to evaluate children's cooperative potential. Methodology: The Goodman's Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire assessing the mental health status of the child was distributed to the Vidharbhan population attending the dental hospital. A cross-sectional survey including 168 children aged 3–14 years who were instructed how to fill the questions participated in the study. Results: Overall 53% of the children belonged to the normal category, whereas 33% and 14% were under abnormal and borderline categories, respectively. The abnormal category was slightly higher in the age groups of 3.1–5 (35%) and 11.1–14 (28%) years. Similar to certain studies, the mental health problems with males (52.9%) were higher than that of females (47.6%). Conclusion: Identifying the mental health problems of the child seeking dental treatment will help the dentist to formulate an idea of the child's emotional status at the time of treatment and thereby make proper amendments during the treatment procedure. There is a need for developing programs to train, sensitize, and mobilize teachers and parents regarding children's psychological, emotional, and behavioral problems, with special attention to the common population.

Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric morbidity in children with burn injuries

Background: Several past studies have suggested that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for paediatric burn injuries while some have concluded that it is protective. The association has not been adequately studied in the Sri Lankan setting. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of ADHD and other psychiatric morbidity in children presenting with burn injuries and to compare the demographic, burn injury characteristics and past history between the children with and without ADHD. Method: A descriptive case control study was carried out in a paediatric tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. The sample comprised all consecutive admissions to the burns unit, in the age range of 4 to 12 years. Swanson, Nolan and Pelham version IV (SNAP IV) was used to diagnose ADHD. Sinhala translation of the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) was used to assess psychiatric morbidity. Results: Sample was 183. Prevalence of ADHD in children with burn injuries was 14.2% (n=26). Of the 26 children diagnosed with ADHD, 6 (23%) presented with burn injury or had a past history of burn injury. This was statistically significant (p Conclusions: Prevalence of ADHD among children with burn injuries in this study was 14.2%. Children with ADHD admitted for burn injuries had a higher risk of having past history of injuries than children without ADHD. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 2018; 47(4): 326-331

Pattern of psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents attending Psychiatric OPD at a tertiary care hospital: A study from Midwestern Nepal

Introduction: Mental health in child and adolescent is an essential component of overall health. Forty four percent of population in Nepal is under 19 years of age. Majority of lifetime psychiatric illnesses start during child and adolescent stage. Undetected poor mental health has wide range of adverse impact on individual's ability in various domains of achievement. This study is done with the objective to know the pattern of psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents from a tertiary care hospital.Material and Method: This is a descriptive study comprised of all new cases i.e. 156 participants of child and adolescents visiting to psychiatric outpatients department of Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj, from January 2017 to June 2017. Socio-demographic data and clinical diagnosis based on International Classification of Disease- 10 diagnostic research criteria were collected and analyzed.Results: Out of 156 subjects studied, 2/3rd were female. The highest (57.06%) number of participants were from age group of 16 year to 18 years. Most common diagnosis was dissociative disorder in 24.35% followed by seizure disorder in 15.38% and mood disorder in 14.75% of participants.Conclusion: Adolescent female were most commonly affected population. Dissociative disorder was the most common psychiatric morbidity followed by seizure disorder and mood disorder.J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .6(1), 2017, p.44-47

Psychiatric morbidity in children with epilepsy

Suffering from psychiatric illness is relatively common in epilepsy. There is now general agreement that incidence of neuro-behavioral disorders is higher in patients with epilepsy. The objective of the study was to find out the proportion of psychiatric disorders among the children suffering from epilepsy. It was a cross sectional study conducted during the period from July 2009 to June 2011 at the department of Paediatrics in Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. In the study 104 children, aged 5-16 years, having epilepsy were purposively included and patients with febrile seizure were excluded. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using a semistructured questionnaire and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders was assigned according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text-revision (DSM-IV-TR). The results showed that among all patients 56.7% were male and 43.3% were female. Most of them (80.8%) were within 5-10 years of age. Among them, 57.7% of the cases had associated psychiatric disorders, where 21.2% had intellectual disability, 10.6% communication disorder, 7.7% learning disorder, 6.7% major depressive disorder, 5.8% ADHD and 1.9% had autistic disorder. This study suggests that significant number of children with epilepsy has been suffering from psychiatric illnesses. So, during diagnosis of epilepsy, early psychological assessment should be done.Bang J Psychiatry June 2016; 30(1): 7-9

The Pattern of Psychiatric Morbidity in an Outpatient Child Psychiatry Clinic: A Cross-sectional, Descriptive Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir, North India.

Background:Psychiatric disorders are ubiquitous and affect not only adults but also children and adolescents. The age factor plays an important role in the pattern of these psychiatric disorders. The objective of our study was to find the pattern of psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents at the child and adolescent outpatient service of a tertiary care hospital.Materials and Methods:A semi-structured questionnaire was used to record the sociodemographic status. The state of mental health and psychiatric morbidity was assessed after a thorough clinical assessment. Intelligence quotient was assessed by a clinical psychologist as and when needed. All the diagnoses were made on the basis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision criteria.Results:A total of 529 patients were included. Most patients belonged to the age group of 6–16 years (70.5%). Boys (67.9%) outnumbered girls. Most of the patients were from rural background (56.7%) and from nuclear families (53%). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (31%) and mental retardation (29%) were the most frequent diagnoses, followed by pervasive developmental disorders (10%). Comorbidity was present in about 18% of our patients.Conclusion:The child psychiatry is gaining acceptance, and children and adolescents with minor mental health issues are being identified and referred for specialized services.

Psychiatric morbidity in children of alcoholic parents.

Context:Children of alcoholics (COAs) are children who have grown up in families in which either one or both parents are alcoholic. The interplay of several factors such as environmental, cognitive, and genetic vulnerability has been linked to the psychopathology among COAs.Aims:To assess psychiatric morbidity in COAs and to compare these children with the children of nonalcoholic parents.Setting and Design:This cross-sectional study was conducted on children of outpatients and inpatients of a tertiary health-care center in Central India, for 18 months.Subjects and Methods:A total of 100 children, fifty children of alcoholic parents and fifty children of nonalcoholic parents between the age groups of 4 and 14 years, were assessed using childhood psychopathology measurement schedule.Statistical Analysis Used:Statistical analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics using Chi-square test and Student's unpaired t-test. SPSS version 22.0, were used for statistical analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered as level of significance.Results:Most of the children were in the age group of 8–11 years. Depression and anxiety were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) in COAs than in children of nonalcoholics. Whereas, there was no difference (P > 0.05) for low intelligence and behavioral problems, conduct disorder, psychotic symptoms, special symptoms, physical illness, emotional problems, and somatization.Conclusions:Thus, there is a high need to address the stress to children of persons with substance abuse. Early detection of psychiatric morbidities in such children and appropriate intervention can produce beneficial changes in such children.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety among children in rural and suburban areas of Eastern Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study.

Background:Psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents is a major concern as they become more complex and intense with children's transition into adolescence.Aim:The aim of this study is to assess and compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety among children residing in rural and suburban area of eastern Uttar Pradesh and understand the burden of these problems in our society.Materials and Methods:Children, in the age group 11–18 years, were divided into 2 groups: Group I – 100 children from rural area Tikri; Group II – 100 children from suburban area Sunderpur. Their sociodemographic details were recorded. Children's Depression Inventory and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale were used to screen for depression and anxiety in children, respectively. The final diagnosis was done using present state examination in accordance with International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders 10. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:The prevalence of depression was found to be 14.5% while that of anxiety disorder was found to be 15%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of depression or anxiety in rural and suburban areas (P > 0.05). Depression and anxiety were more prevalent in middle adolescence, in females, and in lower-middle socioeconomic group. Depression was more prevalent in the students of class 9th –12th, whereas anxiety was more in students of lower classes. Depression was more prevalent in joint families. These differences show some important trends regarding factors affecting these problems.Conclusion:This study yields useful information which could be of use in early management of psychiatric disorders present in the community and prevent their development into chronic disorders.

Psychiatric Morbidity in Children with HIV/AIDS at a Tertiary Health Institution in North-central Nigeria.

Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are living longer with the infection and are at risk of different complications. We assessed for the prevalence of and associated factors for psychiatric morbidity among HIV-infected children in a tertiary facility in Ilorin, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional, two-staged study involving 196 HIV-positive children (6-17 years). A semi-structured questionnaire and psychological instruments were used for the study. Thirty-eight (19.4%) children had psychiatric disorders: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and enuresis. Single parenthood, HIV clinical stages and complications were associated with psychiatric morbidity. Linear combination of the risk factors was not related to the psychiatric disorder. Bivariate correlation analysis showed the tendency to develop psychiatric disorder among the children was positively correlated with complications in the child and the person the child resides with. Complicated HIV infection and adverse life events result in elevated risk of having psychiatric morbidity.

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and the Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity in Singleton Sibling Pairs.

Introduction:Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk for psychiatric morbidity. We further studied this with Finnish siblings to control for genetic/familial factors.Methods:From the Finnish Medical Birth Register, sibling pairs were selected as the first two children born 1987–1995 to the same mother (n = 150 168 pairs), along with information on maternal smoking (no smoking/smoking). Information on the children’s psychiatric diagnoses related to outpatient care visits (1998–2013) and inpatient care (1987–2013), and the mothers’ psychiatric morbidity (1969–2013) was derived from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. The first pair analysis compared siblings of mothers who only smoked in the first pregnancy (Quitters, 4.7%) and mothers who smoked in both pregnancies (Smokers, 9.6%); the second analysis included mothers who smoked only in the second pregnancy (Starters, 3.3%) and mothers who did not smoke in either pregnancy (Nonsmokers, 77.5%). Smoking information was missing for 5.0% of pairs. Psychiatric morbidity of the siblings and mother was included in the statistical analyses.Results:The risk of psychiatric diagnoses was significantly lower for the second child of quitters (adjusted OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.72–0.83) compared to the risk among smokers. A higher risk for psychiatric diagnoses was found for the second child of starters (1.39, 1.30–1.49) compared to the risk among nonsmokers. The effect of smoking was more robust for externalizing diagnoses.Conclusions:Maternal smoking was independently associated with a higher risk for psychiatric morbidity in children, even when controlling thoroughly for genetic and familial factors.Implications:Maternal smoking during pregnancy has an independent effect on the risk of psychiatric morbidity in children, even after controlling for non-measurable genetic/familial factors by using a sibling pair design. The effect of maternal smoking was robust for externalizing diagnoses. Maternal smoking during pregnancy had an effect on diagnoses both in outpatient and inpatient care.

Study of sociodemographic profile of juvenile boys admitted in an observation home

Background: World Health Report estimated that 20% of children and adolescent suffer from a disabling mental illness worldwide. Incidences of vagrancy, delinquency and crime have been growing among steadily increasing juvenile population in the last few years. Various studies have revealed the presence of difficult family environment, lower socio-economic status, and low parental education associated with the psychiatric morbidity in children. Given the growth of juvenile delinquent population, epidemiologic data of this high risk group is becoming increasingly important. Therefore this study was undertaken to study the sociodemographic profile of male juvenile admitted in an observation home.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in an Observation Home for Boys. The study sample consists of 50 boys aged between 6-16 years. Out of 50, 20 juveniles under conflict of law and 30 under care and protection were included.Results: All the juveniles in this study were belonging to the lower socioeconomic status. Delinquency was significantly more common in older age group (12-16 years) than younger age group (6-11 years). The maternal education and school dropout rate had significant correlation with delinquency in our study, found to be more common in juveniles under conflict of law than those under care and protection.Conclusions: Establishment of multidisciplinary mental health services at each juvenile center of India, for complete rehabilitation of the juveniles admitted there, under social justice system is immediately required.