Pseudomonas Aeroginosa Research Articles

Antimicrobial activities of modified and unmodified pectin obtained from peels of Irvingia gabonensis, Cola milleni, and Theobroma cacao on specific pathogenic organisms

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethanolic extracts of pectin derived from the peels of Theobroma cacao, Cola milleni, and Irvingia gabonensis were investigated against phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. The agar diffusion method was employed to test the extracts against Staphylococus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Chromobacterium violaceum, Streptococcus feacalis, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Erwinia carotovora, Sclerotium rulfsii, Pythophthora palmivora, and Pyricularia oryzae. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in all control groups. The extracts inoculated with Streptomycin exhibited the highest activity against all bacterial strains. Conversely, the unmodified extracts of pectin samples from cola, cocoa, and wild mango displayed the least inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains, while the modified extracts with Chloro Acetic Acid (CAA), Para Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA), and Para Nitro Benzoic Acid (PNBA) showed varying inhibitory effects. The control sample inoculated with Mancozeb demonstrated the highest zone of inhibition against all fungal strains in the three pectin samples. However, the modified pectin samples exhibited increased inhibitory effects compared to the unmodified pectin extract, although the results were closer to the control. The higher values of modified pectin can be attributed to the presence of modifying agents such as long-chain hydrocarbons, acetic acid, chloro compounds, carboxyl, benzene rings, amino groups, and nitro groups. The presence of secondary metabolites in the pectin samples may also contribute to the higher values observed in both modified and unmodified samples. Overall, the results indicate the fungicidal and bactericidal potential of the extracts against the tested organisms, suggesting their potential use as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.

CALLUS INDUCTION FROM THE FRONDS OF GREATER DUCKWEED (<i>Spirodela polyrhiza </i>(L.) Schleid) AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY

Greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. are known to propagate excessively in stagnant eutrophic water bodies resulting in the contamination of daughter fronds which can affect their secondary metabolite profile. The present study was aimed in establish organogenic callus from the fronds of greater duckweeds; to optimize a protocol by utilizing different plant growth regulators for future use and to screen the antimicrobially potent metabolites present in callus. The induction of callus was successful using sterile fronds of Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid as explants in MS, B5 and SH media fortified with plant growth regulators namely IBA and BAP. SH basal medium fortified with IBA and BA in 2:1 ratio was most effective in callus induction. B5 medium fortified with 2.0 µM IBA + 4.0 µM BAP showed highest callus induction in S. polyrrhiza with lower days to callus induction as reflective in their overall biomass. The callus extract showed efficient antimicrobial effect on Pseudomonas aeroginosa (MTCC accession No. 3451) with ampicillin and chloramphenicol as reference antibiotics. Presence of flavonoids like orientin, genistin and apigetrin were indicated in the LC-MS data which might be responsible for antimicrobial activity in a synergistic manner.

Novel α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone complexes: synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial of properties investigation.

In this paper, eight novel α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone complexes were synthesized in search of new biologically active compounds, and characterized via organic elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of these complexes was examined against ten disease-causing pathogens: Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus ATCC9341, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228, Bacillus cereus RSKK863) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC27853, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC27853, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC51342, Salmonella typhi H NCTC9018394, Shigella dysenteria NCTC2966, Proteus vulgaris RSKK96026) and yeast (Candida albicans Y-1200-NIH). The results revealed that the α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds showed potent activity. It was observed that all thiosemicarbazone complexes were more susceptible to Gram-negative strains based on the presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent (-Br/-Cl/-F). It was determined that thiosemicarbazone Cu2+complexes showed stronger antifungal effects.

Assessment of the pattern of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms isolated from the culture medium prepared from hospitalized patients: A retrospective study.

Antibiotic resistance has become quite a challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections in the world. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the pattern of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms isolated from the culture medium prepared from hospitalized patients. The type of study was cross-sectional descriptive. The antibiotic resistance pattern of positive samples collected from patients who got hospitalized in Shahid Faghihi hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between 2020 and 2021 using the disc diffusion method according to CLSI standards was measured. Then the data were entered into SPSS version 22 software and analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. Of all positive samples, 69.7% were Gram-negative and the rest were Gram-positive. The most frequent Gram-negative bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii (31.4%), Escherichia coli (25.3), and Klebsiella pneumonia (21.2%), and the most frequent Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (79%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (15.4%), and Enterococcus (3.6%). The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa against ciprofloxacin was 91.4%, 74.3%, and 52.3%; the resistance rate against gentamicin was 90.5%, 54.3%, and 43.9%; the resistance rate against Piperacillin-Tazobactam was 85.6%, 65%, and 43.1%; the resistance rate against imipenem was 97.1%, 57.9%, and 65.4%; and the resistance rate against colostin was 1.9%, 0%, and 3.4%, respectively. The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus against cefoxotin and vancomycin was 42.7% and 2.8%, respectively. Finally, we concluded from this study that microorganisms isolated from patients have developed resistance to many commonly used antibiotics.

Synthesis and in vitro Biological Assessments of Novel Thiazole-Based Thiosemicarbazone Complexes

In the present work, novel heterocyclic thiazole-based thiosemicarbazone Ag(I) complexes (Hc1, Hc2, Hc3) were obtained using the template method. The structures of synthesized thiosemicarbazone compounds were determined by some spectroscopic techniques (element analysis, infrared spectra (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), organic elemental analysis, and magnetic susceptibility measurements). The biological activities of novel heterocyclic thiazole-based thiosemicarbazone Ag(I) complexes werev screenedv in vitro against selected disease-causing pathogens (Micrococcus luteus ATCC9341, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228, Bacillus cereus RSKK863, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC27853, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC27853, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC51342, Salmonellav typhi H NCTC9018394, Shigella dysenteria NCTC2966, Proteus vulgaris RSKK96026, Candidav albicans Y-1200-NIH) were as potential antimicrobial agents. It was determined that the thiazole-based thiosemicarbazone Ag(I) complexes exhibited high or moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Hydrocarbon Degradation and Biodegraders in Oil Spillage Sites in Port Harcourt

Information on remediation of soils polluted from the activities of artisanal crude oil refining is lacking. The functional capability of the indigenous microbial community and prospects for recovery of important bio-resources has also not been explored. The aim of this study was to identify the hydrocarbon biodegrader present in oil spillage sites in Port Harcourt. Samples were taken from various sites (labelled ss1, ss2, ss3 and controls) in Port Harcourt and the samples were transported to the lab for bacteriological assessment. The samples were cultured in Nutrient agar and Basal Salt Medium (BSM). The total heterotrophic bacteria counts were enumerated by serially diluting the fluid sample. Microbial characterization was done based on morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. From the results, Pseudomonas species and Bacillus species were the probable isolated from the culture of hydrocarbon contaminated environment. The results also revealed increased compared to the control organism that maintained the same growth level throughout the 5 days of incubation, the isolated bacteria (Pseudomonas species and Bacillus species) had steady bacterial growth. This study has shown that Bacillus species and Pseudomonas aeroginosa are potential agents of bioremediation of environmental hydrocarbon pollution.

Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and drug likeness properties of indole containing 1,3,4-oxadiazoles

We have synthesized fourteen new 1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid compounds (68a-68n) that contain indole. The characterization of fourteen new indolo-3,4-oxadiazoles derivatives (68a-68n) was performed using techniques such as Proton Nucelar Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Liquid Chromatography – Mass spectrometry (LC-MS). All indolo-3,4-oxadiazoles derivatives (68a–68n) were examined for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties in in-vitro conditions. The scavenging activity was measured in order to assess their antioxidant capabilities. Among 14 compounds, 68a, 68i and 68n showed better scavenging activity. The antibacterial activity of all indolo-3,4-oxadiazoles derivatives (68a–68n) was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. All of the compounds (68a-n) exhibited moderate to significant activity. The indolo-3,4-oxadiazoles derivatives 68b, 68e, 68h and 68j shown more effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The drug-likeness property of all indolo-3,4-oxadiazoles derivatives (68a–68n) was tested following Lipinski’s policies. The compounds (68a–68n) are all in accordance with Lipinski’s policies and proved to have enhanced oral bioavailability.

Environmentally benign preparation of Ag nanoparticles & Ag-rGO nanocomposite and evaluation of their photocatalytic, sensing, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

Environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion are becoming major issues on a worldwide scale, posing serious threats to both the environment and human health. Finding effective and affordable pollution cleanup technologies as well as the alternate source of energy is very important. The present study is concerned with the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles and Ag-rGO composite employing environment affable and cost-effective green combustion method. The fuel used for the preparation of NPs was the Malus domastica juice. The synthesized materials were subjected for the characterization techniques like XRD, TEM, SEM, Raman and UV-Visible spectral studies. The synthesized nanocomposite was analyzed for photocatalytic dye degradation, electrochemical nitrate sensing, antibacterial as well as antioxidant activities. Ag-rGO degraded methylene blue dye completely by 70 min. Further, the material was subjected for recyclability test and it was efficient and stable upto 5th cycle. Effect of various parameters such as catalytic load, dye concentration and pH on efficiency of dye degradation was analyzed. Nitrite sensing studies revealed that the LOD was found to be 19.8 µg. Further, Ag-rGO exhibited antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeroginosa bacterial strain to a greater extent compared to all the other bacterial strains tested. The Ag-rGO nanocomposite was found to be the potent antioxidant with IC50 value of 1489 µg/mL. Therefore, this work exemplifies the easy and eco-friendly green synthetic route for the large-scale industrial production of versatile Ag-rGO nanocomposite.

Structural geometry, electronic properties and pre-clinical evaluation of antibacterial compounds from lichen-associated Streptomyces mobaraensis DRM1 and Nocardiopsis synnemataformans DRM2

Antibacterial compounds Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and Lupeol obtained from lichen-associated Streptomyces mobaraensis DRM1 and Nocardiopsis synnemataformans DRM2 respectively. The geometry, electronic properties and binding affinities of antibacterial compound Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and Lupeol was determined. The in silico molecular mechanics of bacterial growth inhibition by Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and Lupeol was established in Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Salmonella typhi by molecular docking, molecular simulation approach. The bacterial growth is inhibited by inactivating the vital enzyme PqsA and actin in bacterial system of Pseudomonas and Salmonella. The antibacterial compound produced by lichen associated actinobiont are adhere to Lipinski rule 5 and established criteria for drug likeness with the acceptable ADME properties and expand our understanding of their pharmacological approach. Further it also revels the adaptation and survival lichen in adverse climatic condition through the antimicrobials in lichen-associated actinobiont.

Correlation of CD4+ count and viral load with urinary tract infection and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial uropathogens among HIV patients in Wolaita Sodo, South Ethiopia.

The permanence of HIV patients in healthcare provision centers exposes their weak immunity to various nosocomial microorganisms that migrate into and out of the hospital environment. The incidence of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infection, was inversely correlated with CD4+ T cells. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the clinical problems among HIV patients. There was scarcity of published data on the relationship between viral load, CD4+ level, and UTI. This study aimed to assess the relationship between viral load and CD4 with bacterial UTI among HIV patients. The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Wolaita Sodo Town Health Center ART clinic. The socio-demographic data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. Patients' charts were reviewed to collect the current CD4 and viral load. Urine specimens were inoculated on blood agar, cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar, and MacConkey agar, and bacterial species were finally identified using various biochemical methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was conducted using standard microbiological tests. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to describe the association between pairs of variables and to examine the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. In this study, the overall prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) was 13.7%. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were bacterial uropathogens detected in this study. E.coli (45.7%) was the predominant isolate followed by S. aureus (14.3%). Positive correlation between CD4+ count and urinary tract infection was detected and found statistically significant (r = 0.288 p > 0.01), whereas the viral load and urinary tract infection negatively correlated and showed statistically significant association (p < 0.01). The resistance rate of E.coli was 94%, 75%, and 69% to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and cefepime, respectively. This study revealed that E.coli exhibited 94% and 75% resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline, respectively. K. pneumoniae demonstrated complete resistance (100%) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while showing 100% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin. In the present study, the magnitude of the multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found to be 80%. CD4+ count, combination of antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs, and a history of hospitalization were risk factors for urinary tract infection. In the current study, urinary tract infection emerged as a significant health concern among people living with HIV following their ART. The occurrence of urinary tract infection among HIV patients could be influenced by multifactorial factors that require further study. The CD4+ count was positively correlated with the prevalence of UTI, whereas the viral load was negatively correlated. The CD4+ count, combination of ART, and history of hospitalization were independent risk factors for UTI. The prevalence of MDR bacterial pathogens were notably high. Therefore, the treatment of UTI in HIV patients should be prescribed based on antibacterial susceptibility testing results.

Comparative Study on the Bacterial Community of Cultivated and Uncultivated Rice Field Soils

A study was conducted to determine the changes in bacterial micro flora of soil in relation fallowing (abandonment) in rice fields. Soil samples from two paddy fields at Kumarakom region, southwest part of Kuttanad, Kerala, one field with paddy cultivation and the other fallowed, was subjected to the study. A total of 15 bacterial species, 8 from the cultivated field only, 6 from the fallowed field only and 1 common to both fields were isolated and identified in the study. The bacterial community in the soil of uncultivated field are entirely shifted from field where rice has been cultivated continuously. The persistent occurrence encountered in the cultivated field isolates were Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Klebsiella oxytoca while that in the abandoned field were of E coli followed by higher incidence of (80%) Enterobacter aerogenes and Citrobacter freundii. Under rice cultivation, soil pH, EC and bacterial density were generally higher than that in uncultivated soils while organic carbon in the soil was consistently lower than that in uncultivated soils. The study reveals the importance of bacteria in maintaining the health of a habitat and confirm that soil quality deteriorates over long-term fallowing.

Evaluation of Ethanol Extract Tapak Dara Leaf (Catharanthus roseus L. ) for Antibacterial Activity against Skin Pathogens

Tapak dara leaves (Catharanthus roseus L.) are known to be efficacious for relieving muscle pain, antidepressants, as well as medicine for various diseases such as relieving swelling from wasp stings, nosebleeds, and sore throats, antidotes, antibacterials, and lowering blood pressure in humans because they contain chemical compounds such as essential oils, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of tapak dara leaves against bacteria that cause skin infections. This type of research is done in an experimental laboratory using the agar diffusion method, which is based on inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause skin infections. The stages of this research began with sample preparation, screening for antibacterial extract activity, and testing the antibacterial extract activity at several concentrations against the test bacteria that cause skin infections. This study obtained the results that the ethanol extract of tapak dara leaves tested positive for inhibition of the growth of Staphyloccus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Propionibacterium acne based on the extract screening results. The results of this study also showed that the ethanol extract of tapak dara leaves at a concentration of 40% had the greatest inhibition using the agar diffusion method based on the diameter of the inhibition zone, with a value of 8.37 mm (Propionibacterium acne); 8.47 mm (Pseudomonas aeruginosa); 9.19 mm (Staphylococcus epidermidis); and 11.68 mm (Staphylococcus aureus)

Peganum harmala L. extract-based Gold (Au) and Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs): Green synthesis, characterization, and assessment of antibacterial and antifungal properties.

During the last decade, nanotechnology has attained a significant place among the scientific community for the biosynthesis of plant-based nanoparticles owing to its effective, safe, and eco-friendly nature. Hence, keeping in view the significance of nanotechnology, the current study was conducted to develop, characterize (UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and assess the antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) properties of Peganum harmala L. Extract-based Gold (Au) and Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). Characteristic absorption peaks at 420 and 540 nm revealed the formation of AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively. SEM images revealed that both silver and gold nanoparticles were oval and spherical with average size ranging from 42 to 72 and 12.6 to 35.7 nm, respectively. Similarly, FT-IR spectra revealed that the functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and polyphenolic groups of biomolecules present in the extract are possibly responsible for reducing metallic ions and the formation of nanoparticles. Likewise, the EDX analysis confirmed the presence of silver and gold in synthesized NPs. Furthermore, the AgNPs and AuNPs showed good antibacterial and antifungal activities. The maximum antibacterial and antifungal activity was noticed for P. harmala extract against Pseudomonas aeroginosa (21 mm) and Candida albicon (18 mm), respectively. Whereas, the maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities of synthesized AgNPs were observed against Salmonella typhi (25 mm) and Penicillium notatum (36 mm), respectively. Moreover, in the case of AuNPs, the highest antibacterial and antifungal activity of synthesized AuNPs was noticed against Escherichia coli (25 mm) and C. albicon (31 mm), respectively. Findings of this study revealed that P. harmala extract and biosynthesized NPs (silver and gold) possessed significant antibacterial and antifungal properties against different bacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, P. aeroginosa, and S. typhi) and fungal (C. albicans, Aspergillus Niger, and P. notatum) strains. Further studies must be carried out to assess the probable mechanism of action associated with these antimicrobial properties.

Biosynthesis, Characterization and Optimization of Silver Nanoparticles with Strong Antibacterial Activity Using Cell Extracts of Cyanobacterial Chroococcus sp.

AbstractThe synthesis of Cyanobacteria‐mediated nanoparticles has attracted great attention due to its ecofriendly, cost‐effective and biocompatible properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in different areas such as medicine, household products, disinfectants or food storage. The present study aimed the biosynthesis of AgNPs from Cyanobacterial Chroococcus sp. and their antimicrobial activities on some important pathogen bacterial species. According to the obtained data, optimal conditions for synthesis of AgNPs were extract rate 3 : 1 v/v (cell extract/AgNO3), silver salt concentration 10 mM, pH 7, temperature 60 °C and time 30 minutes. The surface plasmon resonance peak of AgNPs was observed at 420–430 nm, and AgNPs were well‐dispersed spherical with an average size of 11–13 nm in diameter by TEM. SEM‐EDX analysis revealed a strong signal of silver. With FTIR analyzes, shift in the absorption bands after the AgNPs formation was confirmed. X‐ray diffraction analysis exhibited that the AgNPs were cubic crystalline shape. Zeta potential of AgNPs showed ‐ 20 mV. The AgNPs strong showed antibacterial activity on an opportunistic bacterial pathogens of Micococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The effective and rapid synthesis of Chroococcus‐mediated AgNPs and their strong antimicrobial effects can create an important potential for their use in biomedical and environmental applications.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of UV LED 405 NM as Pathogen Inactivation on Human Plasma Contaminated by Pseudomonas Aeroginosa

Abstrak Kontaminasi bakteri dapat berasal dari berbagai sumber, termasuk kulit donor yang tidak aseptik, bakteremia donor, dan proses pengolahan produk darah. Dibandingkan dengan infeksi virus, kasus kontaminasi bakteri memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk penularan infeksi melalui transfusi darah. Infeksi Pseudomonas aeruginosa telah didokumentasikan dalam kasus infeksi aliran darah, infeksi saluran kemih, dan infeksi tempat operasi. Beberapa penelitian telah mengkaji potensi penggunaan UV-LED 405 nm (Ultra Violet - Light Emitting Diodes) sebagai pilihan tanpa perlu photosensitizer, dan dapat diterapkan dengan aman pada manusia.Studi ini menggunakan desain eksperimen sejati dan dilakukan pada Agustus hingga September 2023 di Laboratorium Teknologi Bank Darah STIKES Rajekwesi Bojonegoro, Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan adalah bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 dan plasma dari donor darah dengan desain kelompok kontrol hanya pada uji pasca.Ketika paparan UV LED diterapkan pada plasma yang terkontaminasi dengan P. aeruginosa, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pertumbuhan koloni pada kultur NA. Pertumbuhan bakteri berkurang seiring dengan peningkatan waktu paparan cahaya UV LED, dan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok yang terpapar UV LED dan kelompok kontrol (nilai p &lt; 0,05). Setelah 60 menit paparan, terjadi penurunan sebesar 90% dalam pertumbuhan bakteri dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, yang tidak menerima paparan UV LED 405 nm. Kata kunci: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, plasma, pathogen inactivation, UV LED 405nm Abstract Origins of bacterial contamination may arise from non-aseptic donor skin, donor bacteremia, and the processing of blood products. Blood transfusions spread infections more often from cases of bacterial contamination than from viral infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections have previously been connected to surgical site, urinary tract, and bloodstream infections. Without the need for additional photosensitizers, several studies have been able to advance the use of 405 nm UV-LEDs (Ultra Violet Light Emitting Diodes) as a viable option that can be applied to people in a safe manner. The Blood Bank Laboratory of STIKES Rajekwesi Bojonegoro, Indonesia, hosted this study from August to September 2023, employing a true experimental design. The sample was the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Liquid Plasma from Blood Donor using Posttest-Only Control.The exposure of UV LED light on Contaminated Plasma with P. aeruginosa showed different count of colony growth on NA culture. The bacterial growth decreased following the time exposure to UV LED light and showed significant difference between the treated groups and control (p value &lt; 0.05). The reduction in 60 minutes exposure reached 10% when compared to the control group, where the control group was not exposed to 405 nm UV LED. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, plasma, pathogen inactivation, UV LED 405nm

Prospecção de Lactobacillus plantarum e Enterococcus faecium com potencial uso probiótico espécie-específico na aquicultura ornamental de Betta splendens Regan, 1910

ABSTRACT The research evaluated the isolation, identification, and prospection of species-specific beneficial bacteria in fish farming of ornamental fish Betta splendens. For this, the microbiological material was obtained from the intestinal tract of healthy specimens, with bacterial growth in selective culture medium Man Rogosa Sharped (MRS). Sixteen strains were isolated based on the response of in vitro tests of catalase, Gram, nilin blue, hemolytic activity and antibiogram to pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Enterococcus durans and Escherichia coli. Of the isolated strains C1BS and C5BS, they showed the best responses, which were later identified by the Maldi-TOF method as Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium. Due to the performance of lactic acid strains in in vitro tests and the bibliographic record of their performance as probiotics, the species have great potential for species-specific use in the ornamental production of Betta splendens.

Immunoglobulin –E (IgE) levels in patients with wounds infection caused by different bacterial species

This study was designed to determine the immunoglobulin-E (IgE) levels in patients with wound infections caused by different bacterial species. Fifty fife samples were collected from patients suffering from wounds, including pus swabs and blood samples for both sexes, who attended Al- salam teaching Hospital and some outpatient clinics in Mosul City, with patients aged (8-50) years. During the time period of September 2022 to the end of March 2023. The data is entered into a questionnaire for the individuals that are the study's subject. To perform required laboratory tests, samples were sent to the lab.That detected (7.27%) include 4 patients were negative growth, and (92.72%) include 51 patients were positive growth.(87.27%) of samples had only one species isolated from each sample, while (12.72%) include 7 patients were mixed cultures isolated from the total swabs. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli represented the highest rates among bacterial isolates at (33.33%)include 18 patients and (20.37%)include 11 patients respectively; pseudomonas aeroginosa and staphylococcus epidermidis were at (14.81%)inclued 8 patients, while a lower percentage of (10%) inclued 5 patients was for Klebsiella pneumonia. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria included isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas aeroginosa, and K. pneumoniae. Antibiotics included (Clindamycin (10 g/disc), Cefixime (5g/disc), Imipenem (10 g/disc), and Amoxicillin/Clavulanicacid (20/10 μg/disc). The largest percentage of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was in the age groups (21-30) years then (41–50) years, while the lowest percentage rate was in the age group (1–10) years. IgE showed the highest level (P≤0.05) reached at mean ±S.D (0.315±0.023ng/ml) with Pseudomonas aeroginosa infection and the lowest level (P≤0.135) at (0.141±0.072) with Staphylococcus epidermidies, compared with the control group where mean±S.D was(0.178±0.056).

Assessment of the Microbial Quality of Food Sold in Some Restaurants within Katsina Metropolis

Foods are substances that when consumed provide the body with nutrients for growth and development. Foods for consumption should be within the acceptable limit of microbial load, exceeding it may lead to food-borne intoxication and illness. This study aimed to determine the microbial quality of commonly sold foods in some restaurants within Katsina metropolis. Physiochemical properties of the food namely; pH, temperature, colour, and taste were determined using a pH meter, thermometer, and organoleptic approach respectively. Conventional methods of identification were used to identify the isolates and a modified method by Kirby Bauer was employed to determine antimicrobial assays of the identified isolates. The results obtained showed that the physiochemical parameters of pH and temperature range between 5.50 to 7.40, and 30.0 oC to 32.0 oC respectively with a normal taste and colour. Total bacterial (1.04 x107 CFU/g) and fungal (4.8 x106 CFU/g) counts of the samples fall within the unsatisfactory limits set by the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Food (ICMSF). A total of nine (9) bacteria and five (5) fungi were identified from fifteen (15) samples examined. E. coli (26.31%) was most prevalent followed by Enterobacter aerogens and Staphylococcus epidermis (15.78%), Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella spp (10.52%) while Proteus mirabilis, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Clostridium spp. have the least occurrence (5.26%). Aspergillus flavus (45.45%) was most prevalent among the fungal isolates followed by Mucor (27.27%) and Botrytis, Alternaria, and Fusarium chlamydosporum (9.09%) have the least occurrence. The antimicrobial assay shows that Gentamycin, levofloxacin, Erythromycin, and Ciprofloxacin were effective against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus spp., Clostridium spp., and Bacillus subtilis. Norfloxacin and Amoxicillin were resisted by Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus spp., Ketoconazole and Fluconazole inhibited Mucor and Aspergillus flavus but were resisted by Alternaria, Botrytis, and Fusarium chlamydosporum. It was concluded that foods sold in some restaurants within the Katsina metropolis fall within the unsatisfactory limits of ICMSF standards, thus, improved strict hygiene compliance is recommended.

Extraction and purification of biosurfactant by locally isolated Enterococcus faecium bacteria and study of its antimicrobial activity

In this research, the biosurfactant production by Enterococcus faecium isolated from Raw cow's milk was studied when growing in the MRS medium containing Lactose as a carbon source without Tween-80. E.faecium supernatant exhibited emulsion action of 60% towards kerosene oil as oil in water, while the surface activity was 34 mm. Biosurfactants with surface tension activity properties were extracted and partially purified from E. faecium by cold acetone 3:1, The chemistry structure of the biosurfactant was analyzed, which indicated that it is a glycol-lipo-peptide. Biosurfactant that purified from E. faecium showed antibacterial activity by reducing growth of several pathogenic G-ve and G+ve bacteria, including aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Acinetobacter sp. and Serratia sp. The inhibitory activity of biosurfactant against pathogenic bacteria was studied by using agar diffusion method, where the biosurfactant had higher inhibitor activity against E. coli, where highest diameter of inhibition zone was (23mm). At all concentrations examined, a biosurfactant derived from E. faecium considerably decreased bacterial adhesion, albeit to a lower amount. Keyword: Enterococcus faecium, LAB, Biosurfactant, Antibacterial and Antiadhesive activity.

Cumulative Incidence and Characteristics of Infections Requiring Treatment, Delay in Treatment Administration or Hospitalisation in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma Treated with Anti BCMA or Anti GPRC5D Bispecific Antibodies

Background. Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) are a new effective treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Although these immunotherapies are well tolerated, infectious complications emerged as a predominant issue, mainly with anti-BCMA BsAb. Recent guidelines were presented to prevent and manage these complications based on clinical trials safety signals. In this study, we aimed to report incidence and characteristics of infectious complications in patients treated with anti-BCMA and anti-GPRC5D BsAb. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted in 13 tertiary centers including patients with RRMM treated by BsAb between December 2020 and February 2023. We reported infectious complications events requiring specific treatment, delay in BsAb administration or hospitalisation and occurring up to three months after interruption of treatment. Results. Among the 229 patients included, 200 (87%) received an anti-BCMA BsAb with teclistamab (n=153, 67%) or elranatamab (n=47, 20%) and 29 patients (13%) received an anti-GPRC5D BsAb with talquetamab. 40% (n=90) of patients were treated in monotherapy, 42% (n=94) had dexamethasone in addition to the BsAb after step up doses and 18% (n=41) received a combination with an anti CD38, immunomodulatory treatment, proteasome inhibitor or other. The median age was 67 years (range 38-85), median of prior line of therapy was 4 (range 0-15). 62 (32%) patients had a high cytogenetic risk and 187 (82%) had a triple refractory disease. With a median follow up of 7 months (IQR 4-12 months) 234 infectious events were documented in 142 patients (62%) including 53% grade ≥ 3 and 8.4% (n=19) deaths due to infection. All infections grade ≥ 4 (n= 48; 20.6%) occurred in patients treated with anti-BCMA BsAb. Predominant localisation was pulmonary tract (n= 97, 41%) and disseminated infection (n=52, 22%) . Among the documented infections, 91 (55%) were bacterial, 64 (39%) were viral and 8 (5%) were fungal (Figure 1A). Two (1.2%) infectious events were from a parasite. Most frequent pathogens were Enterobacteriaceae (n=28, 12%), SARS-CoV-2 (n=19, 8%), anaerobic bacteria (n=10, 4%) Pseudomonas aeroginosa (n=6, 2.5%). Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was found in 6 (2.5%) patients, and 2 (1.2%) event was PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) and 1 (0.6%) was disseminated toxoplasmosis. Hospitalization rate was 57% (n=131), including 13% (n=30) requiring intensive care with a median hospitalization time of 10 (range 1-111) days. Overall, n=113 (47%) of the infectious events had an impact on the course of treatment. Illustrated by interruption in n=31 (14%) events, delayed administration in n=70 (32%) events or change in frequency of administration in 2 (0.9%) events. Considering immunosuppression, 125 (68%) of these infections occurred in patients associated with hypogammaglobulinemia (&amp;lt;3 g/L) and 22% (n=50) in patients supplemented with intravenous immunoglobulin. Regarding infectious prophylaxis, n=104 (47%) infectious events occurred despite a bacterial prophylaxis (n=104), 91% (n=125) occurred under viral prophylaxis, 73% (n=166) with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or atovaquone and 11% (n=25) with pentamidine use. Global cumulative incidence of first infection was 70% in all patients, 73% in patients treated with anti-BCMA and 51% with anti-GPR5CD. Treatment with anti-GPRC5D BsAb was independently associated with a lower risk of first infection in a multivariate model adjusted for infectious prophylaxis, and hypogammaglobulinemia, HR 0.43 (IC95% 0.23; 0.77); p=0.005 (Figure 1B). Conclusion. This study highlights the rate of infectious event with BsAb treatment in RRMM setting. We describe higher frequency of infections in patients receiving anti-BCMA agents compare to anti-GPRC5D group. Impact on treatment administration is huge and dosing intervals strategy and prophylaxis appear necessary and effective to improve the morbidity and mortality rate of this hightly effective agents.