Pseudo Capsule Research Articles

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THYROID TUMORS

Recently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly employed for diagnosis of thyroid tumors, however, the value has not been established as yet. In this study MRI pictures of tumorous lesions of the thyroid in patiens, who were operated on after MRI and definitely diagnosed based on pathological examination, were examined. Subjects were 149 lesions, inluding 46 papillary carcinomas, 7 follicular carcinomas, 39 follicular adenomas, 13 adenomatous goiters and 14 cysts. All lesions were evaluated with T1-weighted, T2-weighted and Proton-weighted images. Consequently, following conclusions were obtained. 1. Cysts had no pseudocapsule and appeared as high intensity on T1 and T2-weight images. 2. Most of follicular adenomas had intact pseudo capsule and homo-genous contents. 3. Most papillary carcinomas less than 1cm in diameter did not visualized. The carcinomas more than 1cm in diameter had partial pseudo capsule and heterogenous contents. 4. Follicular carcinomas were similar to follicular adenoma in MRI. 5. It was difficult to distinguish benign from malignant tumors, only with signal intensity in all pulse sequences.

Dislocation of scaphoid and fractured capitate in a child

A 6-year-old girl was playing near a stack of paving slabs which collapsed. One of the falling slabs struck the dorsum of her left forearm. The child’s parents brought her to the accident and emergency department where she was seen by a senior house officer who noted that the wrist was mis-shapen, bruised and tender with a reduced range of movement. A radiograph was requested which was thought to show no bony injury; the patient was treated with a Tubigrip and sling. The subsequent consultant radiologist’s report concurred with the opinion of the SHO. The patient continued to complain of pain in her wrist and was referred back to the accident emergency department by her GP 3 weeks later. There had been no further injury. On this occasion it was noted that there was a tender bony prominence over the volar aspect of her left wrist with reduced flexion and extension of the joint. A further radiograph was interpreted as showing a fractured capitate and the patient was treated with a plaster-of-Paris backslab and referred to the fracture clinic for follow-up. When she attended the clinic the diagnosis of a fractured capitate was confirmed, but there was an additional suspicion of a dislocated schaphoid (Figures I, 2). Arrangements were made to admit the child for operation the following day. Fipre 3 shows the wrist radiograph of an uninjured 6-year-old for comparison. Exploration through an axial incision over the volar swelling revealed a pseudo capsule around a bony prominence between the radial artery and flexor pollicis longus. This was opened revealing

Morphology of bacterial leaching patterns by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on synthetic pyrite

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been cultivated on synthetic pyrite (FeS2) single crystals as the only energy source and the pyrite interface investigated with respect to characteristic morphological changes using scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion patterns of bacterial size were identified in different stages of development and correlated with bacterial activity. It appears that bacterial attack of the sulfide interface starts by secretion of organic substances around the contact area between the bacterial cell and the sulfide energy source. They might either be part of a “pseudo capsule” which shields the contact area or may form a sulfur absorbing and transporting organic film. Degradation of the sulfide occurs in the contact area below the bacterial cell leading to a corrosion pit which the bacterium may abandon after it has reached a depth of bacterial dimension. Electron spectroscopic (XPS) and X-ray fluorescence studies indicate a layer of organic substances covering the sulfide surface under bacterial leaching conditions, which is sufficiently thick for consideration in interfacial chemical mechanisms.