Pseudo Groups Research Articles

A fragment-based algorithm for identifying pan-cancer differential methylation markers from cfDNA.

e22507 Background: Methylation-based sequencing has been developed as a promising approach for Multi-Cancer Early Detection (MCED). Conventionally, cancer-specific methylation markers were identified by comparing paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues using traditional algorithm DSS (Dispersion shrinkage for sequencing data). However, the clinical applicability is limited by the unsatisfactory sensitivity in early-stage disease. Hence, we included blood specific markers derived from paired tissue and blood samples and developed a novel fragment-based algorithm in cfDNA with a better signal to noise ratio (SNR) than DSS to improve the sensitivity of the assay. Methods: A total of 391 plasma samples and 433 tissue samples from 7 cancer types were subjected to whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) (Table). The proportion of stage I-III and stage IV was 3.5:1 among 7 cancer types. The average sequencing depth was 30X. For each bin, the proportion of fully methylated (M) / un-methylated (U) fragments, defined with methylation level ≥85% / ≤15%, was computed individually. One-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test was employed to test whether cancer cfDNA have significantly (FDR < 0.001) higher proportion of U/M fragments than control cfDNA. Results: To evaluate the performance of fragment-based algorithm in cfDNA, the false positive was assessed by resampling from healthy subjects. The healthy cfDNA were randomly assigned 20 times as pseudo case-control groups of 30 /170. The number of markers among healthy samples was recorded as NFalse Positive (NFP), while the number of markers between cancer and healthy samples was recorded as NPositive (NP). SNR was defined as (NP-NFP)/NFP. We calculated SNR using the fragment-based algorithm and achieved SNR of 135.2 for colorectal cancer, compared to SNR of 2.2 using DSS. The improved SNR was also reproduced in other cancer types. Concordance between plasma and tissue markers was 30.09%-95.92% (median 66.72%) among 7 cancer types, which was related to the proportion of ctDNA for each cancer type. Plasma markers which show weak signals in tissue are defined as blood-specific markers. These markers were enriched in immune-related pathways, suggesting a correlation to the immune response of cancer patients. Conclusions: We developed a novel fragment-based algorithm that achieves much higher SNR than DSS in cfDNA. We also identified blood-specific methylation markers which may improve the sensitivity of early cancer detection in clinical. [Table: see text]

Penyusunan Program Komputasi Pengidentifikasi Parameter Dinamik Balok Ditumpu Jepit-Bebas

Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) is a new procedure to identify a structural vibrating system. In this paper, the operational modal analysis based on Ibrahim Time Domain Method. This method requires some displacement data from free vibration response of structure model. Here, a beam with clamped-free condition is used as a test model. Based on Finite Element Method, this beam is divided into 3 elements that consist of 6 degree of freedoms for each element (3 translations and 3 rotations). In this case, a fixed lumped mass is added to each translation node. The beam is excited in its clamped support by sinusoidal displacement during 0.1 s. After 0.1 s, the excitation is stopped and then the displacement data is recorded. Therefore, this condition could be assumed that recorded data represents free vibration response. For this purpose, some computation program was developed to predict the response of free vibration system. First, we make a program SINUS.FOR to produce a sinus displacement function. This function as a support motion is used as an input for program BALKEN.FOR that consist of various program, like Guyan Condensation, Cholesky Decomposition, Jacobi Method, Matrix Iteration Method, Phase Plane Method, Finite Difference Method, Houbolt Method, etc. This entire program is compiled by FORTRAN programming language. Next, the output of BALKEN.FOR that called matrix [A] become an input of program EIGENWERT-ITD.MW which is written in MAPLE programming languages. In this research, it is assumed that only the displacement of x1(t), x2(t) and x3(t) is known. It is known that to identify a system with 6 degrees of freedom, The Ibrahim Time Domain Method requires displacement responses. To fulfill this condition, we need 9 pseudo measurement stations. It means that each station with known displacement response has to be manipulated in such way so that it can produce 3 pseudo displacement response groups. The Result shows that the common error is below 5 %. Except, the damping ratio of mode number 5 is more than 10 %. While the other result can be identified better, especially for the natural frequency is identified very well.

Low-Entropy Hydration Shells at the Spike RBD's Binding Site May Reveal the Contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

The infectivity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is primarily determined by the binding affinity between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Here, through screening off pseudo hydrophilic groups on protein surfaces, the distribution of low-entropy regions on hydration shells of the ACE2 receptor and the RBDs of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants was demonstrated. Shape matching between the low-entropy hydration shells of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and the ACE2 receptor has been identified as a mechanism that drives hydrophobic attraction between the RBDs and the ACE2 receptor, which estimates the binding affinity. Low-entropy regions of the hydration shells, which play important roles in determining the binding of other viruses and their receptors, are demonstrated. The RBD-ACE2 binding is thus found to be guided by hydrophobic collapse between the shape-matched low-entropy regions of the hydration shells of the proteins. A measure of the low-entropy status of the hydration shells can be estimated by calculating genuine hydrophilic groups within the binding sites. An important indicator of the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 variants is the low-entropy level of its hydration shells at the spike protein binding site.

Pharmacokinetics effects of chuanxiong rhizoma on warfarin in pseudo germ-free rats.

Aim: In China, warfarin is usually prescribed with Chuanxiong Rhizoma for treating thromboembolism diseases. However, the reason for their combination is still being determined. The present study explored the pharmacokinetics interactions of warfarin, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and gut microbiota in the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into six groups: MCAO rats orally administered warfarin (W group), pseudo germ-free MCAO rats orally administered warfarin (W-f group), MCAO rats co-administered Chuanxiong Rhizoma and warfarin (C + W group), pseudo germ-free MCAO rats co-administered Chuanxiong Rhizoma and warfarin (C + W-f group), MCAO rats co-administered warfarin and senkyunolide I (S + W group); pseudo germ-free MCAO rats co-administered warfarin and senkyunolide I (S + W-f group). After treatment, all animals' blood and stool samples were collected at different time points. The stool samples were used for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established to quantify warfarin, internal standards, and the main bioactive components of Chuanxiong in blood samples. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of warfarin were calculated by DAS 2.1.1 software. Results: The relative abundance of Allobaculum and Dubosiella in the pseudo germ-free groups (W-f, C + W-f, S + W-f) was lower than that in the other three groups (W, C + W, S + W). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the W-f group was higher than that of the W group, while the relative abundance of Akkermansia decreased. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group in the S + W-f group was lower than in the S + W group. Compared to the W group, the AUC0-t and Cmax of warfarin in the W-f group increased significantly to 51.26% and 34.58%, respectively. The AUC0-t and Cmax in the C + W group promoted 71.20% and 65.75% more than the W group. Compared to the W group, the AUC0-t and Cmax increased to 64.98% and 64.39% in the S + W group. Conclusion: Chuanxiong Rhizoma and senkyunolide I (the most abundant metabolites of Chuanxiong Rhizoma aqueous extract) might affect the pharmacokinetics features of warfarin in MCAO rats through, at least partly, gut microbiota.

Detecting temporal anomalies with pseudo age groups: Homeownership in Canada, 1981 to 2016

AbstractMethodological advances in demographic research, especially age‐period‐cohort (APC) analysis, primarily focus on developing new models yet often fail to consider practical concerns in empirical analysis. We propose a mixed approach that integrates multiple data imputation and structural change analysis in time series so that scholars can (i) construct pseudo age groups based on more coarsely grouped age data and (ii) identify temporal anomalies. This approach is illustrated using multiple waves of Canadian Population Census data (1981–2016). We construct pseudo age groups based on more coarse age information available in the Census data and identify a local anomaly in the temporal trajectory of homeownership in Canada's less populous provinces and territories. These findings are assessed and validated in comparison with results from more populous Canadian provinces. This research broadens the methodological repertoire for demographers, geographers, and social scientists in general and extends the literature on homeownership in an understudied area.

On Convex Directed Subgroups of Pseudo Lattice-Ordered Groups

We show that all convex directed subgroups of a pl-group form a distributive lattice under inclusions that is a Brouwer lattice. We succeeded in extending some l-group results concerning rectifying and regular subgroups to the class of \( \mathcal{AO} \)-groups. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for an element of a pl-group to be an element with a unique value. In order to prove this, some properties of lexicographic extensions of \( \mathcal{AO} \)-groups and pl-groups are investigated.

Highlighting Some Pseudo Groups in the Old Kingdom

A pseudo group is a group statue where the sculptor has repeated the same figure two times or more (sitting, standing, walking) wherein the majority there is no connection between the figures so that it is possible to cut the group into two or more complete sections. These figures can be royal or unroyal, they are almost identical where a slight difference can be noticed in the size, wig, facial features or in costume and sometimes in attitude. These pseudo groups are sometimes accompanied by one or more members of the family, whether a wife or a child. This paper aims at highlighting some examples of royal and non-royal Pseudo-group statues in the Old Kingdom representing the same person two times or more, their common gender, attitude, titles, their possible functions, similarities, and differences between royal and non-royal pseudogroups in the Old Kingdom. The study ends with the main conclusion.

Enhancement of Event-Related Desynchronization in Motor Imagery Based on Transcranial Electrical Stimulation.

Due to the individual differences controlling brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), the applicability and accuracy of BCIs based on motor imagery (MI-BCIs) are limited. To improve the performance of BCIs, this article examined the effect of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) on brain activity during MI. This article designed an experimental paradigm that combines tES and MI and examined the effects of tES based on the measurements of electroencephalogram (EEG) features in MI processing, including the power spectral density (PSD) and dynamic event-related desynchronization (ERD). Finally, we investigated the effect of tES on the accuracy of MI classification using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The results showed that the ERD of the μ and β rhythms in the left-hand MI task was enhanced after electrical stimulation with a significant effect in the tDCS group. The average classification accuracy of the transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) group and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) group (88.19% and 89.93% respectively) were improved significantly compared to the pre-and pseudo stimulation groups. These findings indicated that tES can improve the performance and applicability of BCI and that tDCS was a potential approach in regulating brain activity and enhancing valid features during noninvasive MI-BCI processing.

Fundamental solutions of a class of ultra-hyperbolic operators on pseudo H-type groups

Pseudo H-type Lie groups Gr,s of signature (r,s) are defined via a module action of the Clifford algebra Cℓr,s on a vector space V≅R2n. They form a subclass of all 2-step nilpotent Lie groups. Based on their algebraic structure they can be equipped with a left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric. Let Nr,s denote the Lie algebra corresponding to Gr,s. In the case s>0 a choice of left-invariant vector fields [X1,…,X2n] which generate a complement of the center of Nr,s gives rise to a second order differential operatorΔr,s:=(X12+…+Xn2)−(Xn+12+…+X2n2), which we call ultra-hyperbolic. We prove that Δr,s is locally solvable if and only if r=0. In particular, it follows that Δr,s does not admit a fundamental solution in the space D′(Gr,s) of Schwartz distributions whenever r>0. In terms of classical special functions we present families of fundamental solutions of Δ0,s in the class of tempered distributions S′(G0,s) and study their properties.

A Comparison of IRT Observed Score Kernel Equating and Several Equating Methods.

Item response theory (IRT) observed score kernel equating was evaluated and compared with equipercentile equating, IRT observed score equating, and kernel equating methods by varying the sample size and test length. Considering that IRT data simulation might unequally favor IRT equating methods, pseudo tests and pseudo groups were also constructed to make equating results comparable with those from the IRT data simulation. Identity equating and the large sample single group rule were both set as criterion equating (or true equating) on which local and global indices were based. Results show that in random equivalent groups design, IRT observed score kernel equating is more accurate and stable than others. In non-equivalent groups with anchor test design, IRT observed score equating shows lowest systematic and random errors among equating methods. Those errors decrease as a shorter test and a larger sample are used in equating; nevertheless, effect of the latter one is ignorable. No clear preference for data simulation method is found, though still affecting equating results. Preferences for true equating are spotted in random Equivalent Groups design. Finally, recommendations and further improvements are discussed.

The Mathematical Foundations of Elasticity and Electromagnetism Revisited

The first purpose of this striking but difficult paper is to revisit the mathematical foundations of Elasticity (EL) and Electromagnetism (EM) by comparing the structure of these two theories and examining with details their known couplings, in particular piezoelectricity and photoelasticity. Despite the strange Helmholtz and Mach-Lippmann analogies existing between them, no classical technique may provide a common setting. However, unexpected arguments discovered independently by the brothers E. and F. Cosserat in 1909 for EL and by H. Weyl in 1918 for EM are leading to construct a new differential sequence called Spencer sequence in the framework of the formal theory of Lie pseudo groups and to introduce it for the conformal group of space-time with 15 parameters. Then, all the previous explicit couplings can be deduced abstractly and one must just go to a laboratory in order to know about the coupling constants on which they are depending, like in the Hooke or Minkowski constitutive relations existing respectively and separately in EL or EM. We finally provide a new combined experimental and theoretical proof of the fact that any 1-form with value in the second order jets (elations) of the conformal group of space-time can be uniquely decomposed into the direct sum of the Ricci tensor and the electromagnetic field. This result questions the mathematical foundations of both General Relativity (GR) and Gauge Theory (GT). In particular, the Einstein operator (6 terms) must be thus replaced by the adjoint of the Ricci operator (4 terms only) in the study of gravitational waves.

Central tendency and matched difference approaches for assessing interrater agreement.

In Study 1 of this two-part investigation, we present a "central tendency approach" and procedures for assessing overall interrater agreement across multiple groups. We define parameters for mean group agreement and construct bootstrapped confidence intervals around the mean population parameters for rWG, AD, and ICC(1). In Study 2, we extend assessments of overall interrater agreement by developing a "matched difference approach" and procedures for assessing real versus pseudo agreement in a sample of groups. Here, we use random group resampling and the matched difference between assessments of the respective rWG, AD, and ICC(1) values for actual and pseudo groups, with the establishment of bootstrapped confidence intervals around such differences. In both studies, we employ simulated and real data to demonstrate the accuracy and practical utility of the new procedures for assessing agreement with respect to groups. Notably, to generate simulated data for Studies 1 and 2, we developed a new underlying model for multilevel data and procedure for data generation, and we discuss its potential utility for enhancing research in group-level studies. Moreover, we discuss, relative to current practices, how and why the new inference procedures provide information about mean interrater agreement in the population, which can improve data aggregation decisions and interpretations of findings from group-level studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Real Time Opinion Mining and Analysis of Twitter Data

This era, in which we currently stand, is an era of public opinion and mass information. People from all around the globe are joined together through various information junctions to create a global community, where one thing from the far east reaches to the people of the far west within seconds. Nothing is hidden, everything and anything can be scrutinized to its core and through these global criticisms and mass discussions of gigantic magnitude, we have reached to the pinnacle of correct decisions and better choices. These pseudo social groups and data junctions have bombarded our society so much that they now hold the forelock of our opinions and sentiments, ergo, we reach out to these groups to achieve a better outcome. But, all this enormous data and all these opinions cannot be researched by a single person, hence, comes the need of sentiment analysis. In this paper we’ll try to accomplish this by creating a system that will enable us to fetch tweets from twitter and use those tweets against a lexical database which will create a training set and then compare it with the pre-fetched tweets. Through this we will be able to assign a polarity to all the tweets by means of which we can address them as negative, positive or neutral and this is the very foundation of sentiment analysis, so subtle yet so magnificent.

Spectral zeta function on pseudo H-type nilmanifolds

We explain the explicit integral form of the heat kernel for the sub-Laplacian on two step nilpotent Lie groups G based on the work of Beals, Gaveau and Greiner. Using such an integral form we study the heat trace of the sub-Laplacian on nilmanifolds L\G where L is a lattice. As an application a common property of the spectral zeta function for the sub-Laplacian on L\G is observed. In particular, we introduce a special class of nilpotent Lie groups, called pseudo H-type groups which are generalizations of groups previously considered by Kaplan. As is known such groups always admit lattices. Here we aim to explicitly calculate the heat trace and the spectrum of the (sub)-Laplacian on various low dimensional compact nilmanifolds including several pseudo H-type nilmanifolds L\G, i.e. where G is a pseudo H-type group. In an appendix we discuss a zeta function which typically appears as the Mellin transform for these heat traces.

Free nilpotent and H-type Lie algebras. Combinatorial and orthogonal designs

The aim of our paper is to construct pseudo H-type algebras from the covering free nilpotent two-step Lie algebra as the quotient algebra by an ideal. We propose an explicit algorithm of construction of such an ideal by making use of a non-degenerate scalar product. Moreover, as a byproduct result, we recover the existence of a rational structure on pseudo H-type algebras, which implies the existence of lattices on the corresponding pseudo H-type Lie groups. Our approach substantially uses combinatorics and reveals the interplay of pseudo H-type algebras with combinatorial and orthogonal designs. One of the key tools is the family of Hurwitz–Radon orthogonal matrices.

Chiral Cyclopentadienyls: Enabling Ligands for Asymmetric Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Functionalizations.

Transition-metal catalyzed C-H functionalizations became a complementary and efficient bond-forming strategy over the past decade. In this respect, Cp*Rh(III) complexes have emerged as powerful catalysts for a broad spectrum of reactions giving access to synthetically versatile building blocks. Despite their high potential, the corresponding catalytic enantioselective transformations largely lag behind. The targeted transformations require all the remaining three coordination sites of the central rhodium atom of the catalyst. In consequence, the chiral information on a competent catalyst can only by stored in the cyclopentadienyl unit. The lack of suitable enabling chiral cyclopentadienyl (Cp(x)) ligands is the key hurdle preventing the development of such asymmetric versions. In this respect, an efficient set of chiral Cp(x) ligands useable with a broad variety of different transition-metals can unlock substantial application potential. This Account provides a description of our developments of two complementary classes of C2-symmetric Cp(x) derivatives. We have introduced a side- and back-wall concept to enforce chirality transfer onto the central metal atom. The first generation consists of a fused cyclohexane unit having pseudo axial methyl groups as chiral selectors and a rigidifying acetal moiety. The second ligand generation derives from an atrop-chiral biaryl-backbone and which possesses adjustable substituents at its 3,3'-positions. Both ligand families can be modulated in their respective steric bulk to adjust for the specific needs of the targeted application. The cyclopentadienes can be metalated under standard conditions. The corresponding chiral rhodium(I) ethylene complexes are relatively air and moisture and represent storable stable precatalysts for the targeted asymmetric Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalizations. These complexes are then conveniently oxidized in situ by dibenzoyl peroxide to give the reactive Cp(x)Rh(III)(OBz)2 species. For instance, this catalyst is used for directed C-H activations of aryl hydroxamates and the subsequent enantioselective trapping with olefins, providing dihydroisoquinolones in very high enantioselectivities. In addition, we have established highly selective intramolecular trapping reactions with tethered higher substituted alkenes giving dihydrobenzofurans with quaternary stereogenic centers. Concerning intermolecular reactions, allene coupling partners allow for an enantioselective hydroarylation yielding substituted allylated compounds. A trapping process of the cyclometalated intermediate with diazo reactants enables the enantioselective construction of isoindolinones. Moreover, the catalysts can be used for the construction of atropchiral biaryl motives using a dehydrogenative Heck-type reaction. The development of flexibly adjustable chiral Cp(x) ligands is described in this Account showcasing their applicability for a variety of Rh(III) catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions. These Cp(x) derivatives hold promise as powerful steering ligands for further transition-metals used in asymmetric catalysis.

An embedding theorem of 𝔼0 with model theoretic applications

We provide a new criterion for embedding 𝔼0, and apply it to equivalence relations in model theory. This generalize the results of the authors and Pierre Simon on the Borel cardinality of Lascar strong types equality, and Newelski's results about pseudo Fσ groups.

Secondary LS category of measured laminations

In the author's Ph.D., a version of the tangential LS category for foliated spaces depending on a transverse invariant measure, called the measured category, was introduced. Unfortunately, the measured category vanishes easily. When it is zero, the rate of convergence to zero of the quantity involved in the definition, by taking arbitrarily large homotopies, gives a new invariant, called the secondary measured category. Several versions of classical results are proved for the secondary measured category. It is also shown that the secondary measured category is a transverse invariant related to the growth of (pseudo)groups. The equality between secondary category and the growth of a group is done in the case of free suspensions by Rohlin groups.

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY INSPIRED LARGE-SCALE FEED-FORWARD PORTFOLIO CONSTRUCTION

To understand large-scale portfolio construction tasks we analyse sustainable economy problems by splitting up large tasks into smaller ones and offer an evolutional feed-forward system-based approach. The theoretical justification for our solution is based on multivariate statistical analysis of multidimensional investment tasks, particularly on relations between data size, algorithm complexity and portfolio efficacy. To reduce the dimensionality/sample size problem, a larger task is broken down into smaller parts by means of item similarity – clustering. Similar problems are given to smaller groups to solve. Groups, however, vary in many aspects. Pseudo randomly-formed groups compose a large number of modules of feed-forward decision-making systems. The evolution mechanism forms collections of the best modules for each single short time period. Final solutions are carried forward to the global scale where a collection of the best modules is chosen using a multiclass cost-sensitive perceptron. Collected modules are combined in a final solution in an equally weighted approach (1/N Portfolio). The efficacy of the novel decision-making approach was demonstrated through a financial portfolio optimization problem, which yielded adequate amounts of real world data. For portfolio construction, we used 11,730 simulated trading robot performances. The dataset covered the period from 2003 to 2012 when environmental changes were frequent and largely unpredictable. Walk-forward and out-of-sample experiments show that an approach based on sustainable economy principles outperforms benchmark methods and that shorter agent training history demonstrates better results in periods of a changing environment.

Synthesis and stereochemistry of some multi methylsubstituted 1,3-dioxanes

Several multimethyl-substituted 1,3-dioxanes [ trans -2,4,4,6-tetramethyl ( 1), r-2,4,4, c-5, t-6pentamethyl- (2), r-2,4,4, t-5, t-6-pentamethyl ( 3) and trans -2,4,4,5,5,6-hexamethyl-1,3-dioxanes (4)] with 2,6-trans-disubstitution has been prepared via the Grignard reaction of the corresponding axial 2-methoxy-1,3-dioxanes. Inspect ion of their 13 C NMR chemical shifts in respect of different substituent effects showed tha t 1 and 3 attain exclusively the 1,4-twist form whereas 2 and 4 still favor clearly the chair form due to the very strong steric interaction caused by the pseudo axial methyl groups at position 5. We also manage to equilibrate 1 and its cisepimer ( 5) although less than 1% of 4 was present at equilibrium. Thus only −∆G o = 12.9±0.5 kJ mol −1 could be given and it compares well with some lite rature values. Since the conformational energy of 4-axial methyl group in 5 is 12.2 kJ mol −1 the ∆H(1,4-CT) is equal to 25 kJ mol −1