Pseudo-derivative Feedback Controller Research Articles

Design and performance analysis of cascaded pseudo derivative feedback plus pseudo derivative feedforward controller for PMSM drive

PurposeThis paper aims to present a cascaded pseudo derivative feedback (PDF) plus pseudo derivative feedback plus pseudo derivative feedforward (PDFF) controller for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) to improve the transient response of the system.Design/methodology/approachProportional integral (PI) plus PI controller and the proposed PDF plus PDFF controller are designed, stability analysis is performed using the extended root locus method, and the effect of the damping coefficient is also extensively studied to validate the robustness of the proposed controller.FindingsWhen compared to a cascaded PI plus PI controller, the proposed control approach has a much shorter settling time for the entire system and a 50% reduction in overshoot in stator current under extensive variations in speed with load disturbance.Originality/valueThe proposed controller is programmed into an FPGA Altera Cyclone II and applied to a 1.5 kW laboratory prototype PMSM drive. The effectiveness of the proposed methods has been demonstrated experimentally throughout a wide variable speed range, from 0 to 157 rad/s at different load conditions.

Self-Balancing Control of Yarn Number Based on a Novel Sensorless PMSM Speed Drive System

The performance of the motor drive system is responsible for the yarn feeding quality of the weft accumulator. The existing motor drive systems have problems such as slow start–stop and poor dynamic response performance, resulting in slow yarn tracking speed and low precision of the weft accumulator. This article proposes a new self-balancing yarn number control method based on a novel sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed drive system. The novel sensorless PMSM speed drive system is constructed to improve the dynamic response performance of PMSM by integrating an improved sliding mode observer, a simplified initial position detection method, and a new hybrid control method. The self-balancing yarn number closed-loop control method is proposed based on a pseudoderivative feedback controller to improve the response speed and accuracy of yarn feeding. The general design principle is given, and various tests are carried out. The results show that the proposed drive system has characteristics of a fast start–stop and high dynamic response, which can meet the high-response and high-precision yarn feeding requirements of the weft accumulator.

GA-optimised nonlinear pseudo-derivative feedback control of a sustainable, high-speed, ultratall building elevator

GA-optimised nonlinear pseudo-derivative feedback control of a sustainable, high-speed, ultratall building elevator

Direct adaptive neural network-based sliding mode control of a high-speed, ultratall building elevator using genetic algorithm

A direct adaptive sliding mode controller (SMC) based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) approximation is proposed for a high-speed, ultratall building elevator system using genetic algorithm (GA) to optimise the control parameters. The nonlinear dynamic model of the elevator system is described, with the RBFNN used to approximate the elevator system functions and external disturbance uncertainties. The RBFNN parameters are optimised using GA. The RBFNN-SMC was compared with a traditional sliding mode controller, nonlinear pseudo-derivative feedback (NPDF) controller and a nonlinear proportional-integral-derivative controller. The Lyapunov stability theorem is applied to develop the adaptive law, thereby guaranteeing the system stability. Performance of the proposed RBFNN-SMC has been evaluated using numerical simulations. The RBFNN-SMC achieved effective control of the elevator system. Although the RBFNN-SMC system achieved comparable pre-re-levelling control to its competitors, problematic chattering was observed due to sensor noise, suggesting that the system must be coupled with a noise-attenuating filter to avoid actuator damage. Following arrival of the cabins, an adaptive re-levelling operation was applied to reduce the distance between the cabins and the arrival floor. Although both SMC variants accomplished successful re-levelling, the NPDF-based controller achieved the best performance—adjusting the final cabin position to within 1 mm of the target floor in both considered displacement overshoot cases.

Pseudo-Derivative Feedback Controller for Automatic Generation Control in a Deregulated Power System with Hydrogen Energy Storage

This paper is focused on design and application of Pseudo-Derivative Feedback (PDF) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of a two-area thermal reheat interconnected power system treated in deregulated condition. The proposed controller gains are tuned simultaneously using Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) in order to achieve the optimal transient response of the test system. The control performance of the PDF controller is compared with Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers. Further to improve the AGC performance, Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) are included in its control area. The execution of HES unit captures the underlying fall in frequency as well as the tie line control power deviations after a sudden load unsettling influence. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PDF controller enhance the dynamic response of the deregulated power system as compared with PI and PID contrtoller. The frequency oscillation and tie-line power deviations in the control zones are reduced and the settling time is additionally enhanced when HES unit takes an interest in the frequency regulation along with the traditional generators. Additionally, the Power System Restoration Indices (PSRI) is figured in view of system dynamic performances and the remedial measures to be taken can be decreed. These PSRI shows that the ancillary service requirement to enhances the effectiveness of physical task of the power system with the expanded transmission limit in the system. The presence of an Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) water electrolyser coupled to a fuel cell improves significantly the control and operation of an energy system and provides good margin of stability of the grid system compared to that a system without HES unit.

Control-oriented plasma modeling and controller design for reactive sputtering

The modeling and control of reactive sputtering processes to deposit aluminum oxide thin films by an RF driven magnetically-enhanced low-pressure plasma is investigated. The new model describes the nonlinear deposition process with respect to the reactive gas flow as the input and the plasma density as the output. The process behavior is characterized by an unstable and ambiguous behavior, where different plasma states refer to the same input value, whereas different input values can lead to the same plasma state. Based on the identified model the process can be classified by two process modes, which qualitatively determine the parametrization of a stabilizing pseudo-derivative feedback controller. A new controller design to achieve set-point following for the control loop with a specific transient behavior is proposed. Experiments are presented to validate the model and the control system.

FPGA-Based High-Performance Double-Loop PDF Control Strategy for PMSM

Due to the large overshoot and poor disturbance rejection impact the control accuracy of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control mode. In this paper, we propose an optimal double-loop pseudo-derivative feedback (PDF) control strategy. Firstly, to obtain high-precision feedback current and minimize the influence of sampling delay, a double-feedback PDF control structure is configured based on the $\Sigma $ – $\Delta $ sampling modulation and Sinc3 filter. Secondly, we adopt an instant-sampling and instant-update (ISIU) strategy based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which can reduce the update delay of the pulse-width modulation (PWM), and design the hardware timing diagram, accordingly. Then, based on the influence of the closed-loop pole position on the dynamic performance of the system and the saturation characteristics of the power device, the PDF parameters tuning method of the current loop and speed loop is proposed. Finally, the system performance under different control strategies is compared and analyzed through simulations and experiments. The results show that the optimal double-loop PDF control strategy proposed in this paper can considerably expand the bandwidth of the current loop and has better disturbance rejection.

An Efficient Pseudo-Derivative-Feedback-Based Voltage Controller for DVR Under Distorted Grid Conditions

Grid integration of distributed energy resources has become a technical challenge in the distribution network operation due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and their impact on grid voltage stability. Thus, a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is installed in the distribution network system to reduce such grid voltage impact on sensitive loads. In this article, a pseudo-derivative-feedback (PDF)-based voltage controller is implemented for the effective operation of DVR under voltage disturbances. Response of DVR primarily depends upon its controller action. This article addresses the issues in conventional P and PI multiloop controller with and without feedforward path then proposes PDF control strategy for DVR. Using the proposed controller, dynamic performance of DVR is improved. The efficacy of the proposed controller is illustrated by a comparative study with conventional P and PI controller using time response and relative stability analysis. Finally, PSCAD simulation studies for a 10 kV medium voltage DVR and experimental results using a low voltage laboratory prototype DVR are presented to prove the robustness of proposed controller for DVR under symmetric and asymmetric voltage sags.

Electromagnetic Torque-Based Model Reference Adaptive System Speed Estimator for Sensorless Surface Mount Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive

This article proposes simple and robust electromagnetic torque-based model reference adaptive system speed estimator with cascaded pseudoderivative feedback controller for sensorless surface mount permanent magnet synchronous motor (SMPMSM) drive to improve its performance at standstill and low-speed regions. The proposed estimator is formed using instantaneous and estimated electromagnetic torque. Using small signal modeling, the stability and sensitivity analysis are performed. Results show that the estimator is stable over a wide speed region (including low-speed regions) and exhibits robustness against uncertainties in machine parameters. The proposed estimator is implemented for the 1.5-kW laboratory prototype SMPMSM drive using field programmable gate array (FPGA) ALTERA Cyclone II. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme under different test conditions viz., over a wide adjustable speed range which includes different low-speed regions and standstill, i.e., 157 to −157 rad/s at different load conditions with uncertainty in machine parameters.

FPGA based direct torque control with speed loop Pseudo derivative controller for PMSM drive

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of proposed speed loop pseudo derivative feedback (PDF) controller based DTC with speed loop PI based direct torque controller (DTC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive. The proposed PDF-DTC system significantly improves dynamic response i.e. completely eliminates overshoot in speed, reduces 50% overshoot in electromagnetic torque and has two times faster settling time compared to PI-DTC system during step changes in speed with load disturbance. The proposed controller is verified for different cases viz., speed variation at constant load and variation in the load torque at constant speed. The proposed controller is implemented for 1.5 kW laboratory prototype PMSM drive using FPGA ALTERA cyclone II. Experimental results demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed controller.

High-performance and high-precision servo control of a single-deck dual-axis PMLSM stage

The inertia of the stacked multi-degree-of-freedom platform imposes limitation on the achievable motion speed. To overcome this barrier, the unstable design becomes very attractive. This research presents a novel single-deck dual-axis linear motor platform that is capable of fast long-range motion. The platform is equipped with air-bearing design to achieve backlash-free operation. As a result, the positioning rigidity depends entirely on the performance of the servo system. A force distribution control is used to decouple the difference axis dynamics. This research also proposes a chain scattering description (CSD) setup to allow a pseudo-derivative feedback (PDF) control framework that is commonly used in industrial motion control for achieving high servo rigidity. An interesting finding is that our experiments show that without the help of complex piggyback piezoelectric stage, the single-deck platform design, with a stroke as large as 20 mm, can already reach a servo accuracy of ±60 and ±80 nm in the x- and y-axis and 600 μarcsec in the yaw axis.

Pseudo-Derivative-Feedback Current Control for Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters With <italic>LCL </italic> Filters

Pseudo-derivative-feedback (PDF) control is, for the first time, applied to the current control of three-phase grid-connected inverters with LCL filters, which significantly improves the transient response of the system to a step change in the reference input through the elimination of overshoot and oscillation. Two PDF controllers with different terms in the inner feedback path are developed for an inverter current feedback system and a grid current feedback system, respectively. For the inverter current feedback system, a simple PDF controller with a proportional term is used. The influence of the controller parameters on the transient performance is discussed in detail. Compared with a PI controller, the PDF controller is able to eliminate the transient overshoot and oscillation easily, while maintaining a fast response. For the gird current feedback system, a PDF controller with a proportional term and a second-order derivative is developed. The implementation and design of the PDF controller are presented. Active damping is achieved with only the feedback from the grid current, and at the same time, the system transient response is improved. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the advantages of the PDF control over PI control methods.

Modeling and Simulation of NC Precision Sphere Grinding Machine Feed Drive System

The feed drive system model of NC precision sphere grinding machine (MD6040) is constructed. Although a large number of researchers pay more attention on advanced controllers, most high performance machine tools still adopt PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) controller today. In this paper, PDF (Pseudo-Derivative Feedback) controller and PDFF (Pseudo-Derivative Control with feedforward Gain) controller which evolved from PID controller are studied. The performance of PID controller, PDF controller and PDFF controller is investigated by simulation and experiment. Both simulation results and experiment results showed that PID controller has severe overshoot and less rise time, PDF controller has strong robustness and long rise time and PDFF controller possesses the advantages of the other two controllers. PDFF controller is more suitable for NC precision sphere grinding machine feed drive system.

The Study on Inverse System Decoupling and PDF Control Used in Power Magnetic Pump

In this paper, the coupling magnetic field model which the power magnetic pump generated by interference between the rotation and levitation force is linear inverse system decoupling, and study pseudo-derivative feedback control strategy on decoupling linearization system. According to the performance analysis and simulation of pseudo-derivative feedback control system, it can be concluded that pseudo-derivative feedback control system has quick response, high control precision, good control ability, and excellent robustness. It doesn’t ask the controlled object for a exact math model. Little warp will not influence system performance. It can be applied to project system.

Design and Application of Improved PDF Controller in Higher-Order System

This article focuses on improving PDF (Pseudo Derivative Feedback) controller and employing it in electro-hydraulic position servo system of pump-controlled cylinder. Based on PDF theory, the derivative controller has been improved according to zero-placement theory. System’s stability has been analyzed. Moreover, the improved PDF is compared to 1DF PID and traditional PDF through simulation using an approximated dynamic system model of a higher-order hydraulic system, which consists of PLC, digital valve, hydraulic cylinder and optical sensor. The results show that the improved PDF controller provides satisfactory control performance on contrast with 1DF PID control strategy and traditional PDF controller in hydraulic system.

4C15 Feed-Forward Robust Controller Design with ZPETC-PDF Method for Seesaw Type Swing Arm Actuator

A micro holographic optical pickup head is designed to miniaturize the optical configuration which provides a better approach for portable application. This optical module is then mounted on the seesaw type swing arm actuator for focusing and tracking operation in small form factor optical disk drive. In high-speed tracking and high track density servo system, the conventional feedback control system, such as Lead-Lag control, is not enough to reduce residual tracking error and reject the disturbance interference. For this reason, we presented a method that using the zero phase error tracking (ZPET) control to improve the system performance such as the transient response and system bandwidth, also combined with Pseudo-Derivative Feedback (PDF) control block to provide stiffness and overcome low frequency disturbances, such as friction.

Tracking control of a multilayer piezoelectric actuator using a fiber bragg grating displacement sensor system

This paper provides a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system which can measure the point-wise, out-of-plane displacement to examine the position-tracking control problem of a multilayer piezoelectric actuator (MPA). An FBG filter-based wavelength-optical intensity modulation technique is used in this study. A nominal system model is identified experimentally from the responses excited by random signals measured by an FBG displacement sensor that are simultaneously compared with those obtained from a laser Doppler vibrometer. To further investigate the sensing ability of the proposed system in a feedback control problem, control strategies including robust H(infinity) control, proportional-integralderivative control, and pseudoderivative feedback control are implemented. The characteristics of the step responses for each controller are examined. The experimental results show that the proposed sensor system is capable of performing the system identification and can serve as a feedback control sensor which has a displacement sensitivity of 5 mV/nm.

Phase locked loop control of a three-phase single-stage power converter

A three-phase single-stage power converter has been proposed and is shown to provide some benefits over the traditional single-phase two-stage telecommunication power converter designs. It has the ability to conform to all the required telecommunication standards, while only employing a single-stage design with reduced controller complexity and with the expectation of yielding efficiency advantages. An improved three-phase phase locked loop design is discussed with performance results showing its robust nature. A pseudo derivative feedback controller is introduced, with simulation results showing its ability to maintain a constant output voltage under load disturbances. Complete digital control of the three-phase single-stage power converter implementation is also detailed in the paper.

Winding Control Using Pseudo-Derivative Feedback

This work examines the winding of film from one free reel to a driven reel using both a pseudo-derivative feedback (PDF) and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-controlled servomotor. Measurements are compared with a theoretical model simulated with Simulink®. In this work, only the velocity of the film was controlled after measurement with an optical encoder; tension in the film was not controlled. The measurements and control were executed on a personal computer using LabVIEW®. Overall both controllers could cope with the range of full and empty reels for a demand velocity step of 1 m/s but the PDF controller could cope with a demand for 2 m/s. Rise times of less than 500 ms were obtained for both controllers with the best PID controller faster at around 130 ms. The motor current required for the PDF controller was less than that for the PID system. Tension forces were, as predicted, higher with PID control; therefore the overall steady state average error was zero for both controllers. The results show that the rise time differences to achieve steady state in the case when opposite spools were full were less for the PID controller.

New Tuning and Identification Methods for Unstable First Order Plus Dead-Time Processes Based on Pseudoderivative Feedback Control

The use of pseudoderivative feedback (PDF) in the control and identification of unstable first order plus dead-time (UFOPDT) processes is investigated. Several new methods for tuning the PDF feedback controller are presented. In contrast to known tuning rules for conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers, which result in excessive overshoot in the closed-loop response, the proposed control structure and tuning methods ensure a smooth response to set-point changes, fast attenuation of step-load disturbances, and satisfactory robustness against parametric uncertainty. Moreover, two simple methods for identifying the UFOPDT process parameters, based on this controller structure, are proposed in this paper. Both methods rely on a single experiment on a closed-loop system with a step change in the set point of a PDF controller. They are very accurate, as well as simpler and less sensitive than existing identification methods. Finally, an application of the proposed identification and tuning methods to an open-loop unstable bioreactor with hard input constraints and significant measurement delay is presented.