Prussian Blue Nanocomposite Research Articles

Polypyrrole and graphene quantum dots @ Prussian Blue hybrid film on graphite felt electrodes: Application for amperometric determination of l-cysteine

A novel polypyrrole (PPy) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) @ Prussian Blue (PB) nanocomposite has been grafted on a graphite felt (GF) substrate (PPy/GQDs@PB/GF), and has been proven to be an efficient electrochemical sensor for the determination of l-cysteine (l-cys). GQDs, which were fabricated by carbonization of citric acid and adsorbed on GF surface ultrasonically, played an important role for promoting the synthesis process of PB via a spontaneous redox reaction between Fe3+ and [Fe(CN)6]3−. The PPy film has been electro-polymerized to improve the electrochemical stability of the PPy/GQDs@PB/GF electrode. The as-prepared electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical methods. It exhibited an excellent activity for the electrocatalytic oxidation of l-cys, with a detection sensitivity equal to 0.41Amol−1 L for a concentration range of 0.2–50μmolL−1, and equal to 0.15Amol−1 L for a concentration range of 50–1000μmolL−1. A low detection limit of 0.15μmolL−1, as well as a remarkable long-time stability and a negligible sensitivity to interfering analytes, were also ascertained.

Preparation, Characterization of Polypyrrole Encapsulated Prussian Blue Nanocomposite and Its Application for Biosensing

Preparation, Characterization of Polypyrrole Encapsulated Prussian Blue Nanocomposite and Its Application for Biosensing

Controlled synthesis of functional Ag, Ag–Au/Au–Ag nanoparticles and their Prussian blue nanocomposites for bioanalytical applications

A facile method for the synthesis of functional AgNPs and bimetallic Ag–Au/Au–Ag are reported, enabling the formation of nanocomposite with prussian blue in a crystalline framework for bioanalytical applications, showing the active role of organic reducing agents and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

Influence of co-electrodeposited Gold particles on the electrocatalytic properties of CoHCF thin films

The electrochemical modification of solid electrodes with metal hexacyanoferrate thin films for enhancing the interfacial properties has created interest for over the past three decades. The preparation of Prussian blue (PB) Au nano composites for the enhancement in the electrocatalytic properties of PB on glassy carbon electrode has been reported by us. The incorporation of Au nano particles in Cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) films on Glassy carbon by co-electrodeposition is expected to benefit its interfacial electron transfer properties. The present work describes the effect on the interfacial properties by incorporated Au particles in CoHCF (CoHCF(Au)) modified electrodes. The CoHCF(Au) modified electrodes were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Cyclic Voltammetry, AC Impedance, FE-SEM etc., Influence on the electrocatalytic properties of CoHCF(Au) films have been explored by performing two important reactions i) Hydrazine elecrtro-oxidation ii) Oxygen evolution reaction. Our results reveal that CoHCF(Au) modified GC electrode perform better in terms of charge transport in the redox film and also for the electrooxidation of hydrazine in comparision with simple CoHCF modified electrodes. By using the current-transient technique (chrono method i vs t curve) the hydrazine diffusion coefficient (D0) were calculated. Diffusion coefficient of hydrazine was approximately three times higher on CoHCF(Au) electrode, 9.5×10−5 cm2 s−1 compared with simple CoHCF modified electrode, 3.3× 10−5 cm2 s−1. Similarly, we also discuss results which reveal that CoHCF(Au) electrodes enhances electrocatalytic activity in splitting water to oxygen in 0.1M NaOH solution compared to simple CoHCF and Au deposited on GC electrodes.

A universal microarray platform: Towards high-throughput electrochemical detection

Here a novel electrochemical microarray platform towards high-throughput detection is presented. This microarray owns 8×5 well-organized oval cells and 8×5 pairs of ITO discs (two ITO discs for each pair in one cell). 8 mobile and aligned Pt–Ag/AgCl coaxial electrodes with compact configuration, where Pt column is used for counter electrode and Ag/AgCl for reference electrode, are inserted in 8 cells separately and made up 8 groups of three-electrode detection system together with 8 pairs of ITO discs. To demonstrate the applicability of such design, two kinds of bioconjugates, carboxyl graphene nanosheets–methylene blue (CGS–MB) and carboxyl graphene nanosheets–Prussian blue (CGS–PB) nanocomposites selected as model redox indicators and crosslinked with two kinds of antibodies were coated on the pair of ITO discs to realize a high-throughput detection of two tumor markers based on the increasing spatial blocking and impedance from the formed immunocomplex.

Rapid electrodeposition of a gold-Prussian blue nanocomposite with ultrahigh electroactivity for dual-potential amperometric biosensing of uric acid.

We report a new and efficient protocol for rapid electrodeposition of a gold-Prussian blue ((Au-PB)REd) nanocomposite with ultrahigh electroactivity on an Au electrode by cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M aqueous K2SO4 containing 1 mM K3Fe(CN)6, 1 mM HAuCl4, and 0.1 mM Fe2(SO4)3, and an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to investigate the electrodeposition. The (Au-PB)REd/Au electrode was then cast-coated with a urate oxidase (UOx)-poly(anilineboronic acid) (PABA)-Pt nanoparticle (PtNP) bionanocomposite and chitosan (CS) for high-performance amperometric biosensing of uric acid (UA) in the dual-potential mode. The UOx-PABA-PtNP bionanocomposite was prepared through chemical oxidation of anilineboronic acid (ABA) by sodium chloroplatinate in the presence of UOx. The thus-fabricated CS/UOx-PABA-PtNP/(Au-PB)REd/Au enzyme electrode worked well under optimized conditions through both oxidation and reduction determination of enzyme-generated H2O2, which responded linearly to UA concentrations from 0.3 μM to 0.65 mM with a sensitivity of 223 μA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 μM (0.7 V vs. SCE), and from 0.2 μM to 0.25 mM with a sensitivity of 247 μA mM(-1) cm(-2) and a LOD of 0.1 μM (-0.05 V vs. SCE), being superior to most analogues hitherto reported for biosensing of UA.

BiotecVisions 2012, October

BiotecVisions 2012, October

Electrodeposition of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide and Synergistically Electrocatalytic Activity toward Guanine

AbstractIn this paper, a simple and reliable fabrication method about electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGNO)‐prussian blue (PB) nanocomposite was proposed for determination of guanine. Due to its unique structural, physical and chemical properties, ERGNO, which was fabricated on the carbon paste electrode (CPE) beforehand through electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide, was selected as a compatible precursor for next‐step PB electrodeposition. Electrochemical behaviors of the resulted PB/ERGNO/CPE were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical results showed that PB/ERGNO/CPE exhibited good electrochemical performances. The electrocatalytic results of guanine further illustrated that graphene prompted the electrocatalytic ability of PB via the redox shift between PB and prussian yellow (PY) in the potential range from 0.5 to 1.2 V, which has not been widely adopted in the PB based electrochemical sensors. The detection limit of guanine could be calculated to be 1.0×10−8 mol/L. It means this PB/ERGNO/CPE platform is quite sensitive and can be readily applied in biosensor field.

High‐throughput screening for cellobiose dehydrogenases by Prussian Blue in situ formation

Extracellular fungal flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a promising enzyme for both bioelectronics and lignocellulose bioconversion. A selective high-throughput screening assay for CDH in the presence of various fungal oxidoreductases was developed. It is based on Prussian Blue (PB) in situ formation in the presence of cellobiose (<0.25 mM), ferric acetate, and ferricyanide. CDH induces PB formation via both reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide reacting with an excess of Fe³⁺ (pathway 1) and reduction of ferric ions to Fe²⁺ reacting with the excess of ferricyanide (pathway 2). Basidiomycetous and ascomycetous CDH formed PB optimally at pH 3.5 and 4.5, respectively. In contrast to the holoenzyme CDH, its FAD-containing dehydrogenase domain lacking the cytochrome domain formed PB only via pathway 1 and was less active than the parent enzyme. The assay can be applied on active growing cultures on agar plates or on fungal culture supernatants in 96-well plates under aerobic conditions. Neither other carbohydrate oxidoreductases (pyranose dehydrogenase, FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase, glucose oxidase) nor laccase interfered with CDH activity in this assay. Applicability of the developed assay for the selection of new ascomycetous CDH producers as well as possibility of the controlled synthesis of new PB nanocomposites by CDH are discussed.

Layered double hydroxide supported Prussian blue nanocomposites for electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2

Layered double hydroxide supported Prussian blue nanocomposites (denoted as LDH-PB) were successfully prepared via chemical method and characterized by Fourier transform IR, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and cyclic voltammetry. With polyaniline, polystyrene sulfonate and LDH-PB the composite film could be immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The fabricated electrode exhibited a well-defined pair of redox peaks and excellent electrocatalytic activity. The sensor response to H2O2 shows a linear range of 6.00 × 10−6–1.86 × 10−4 mol L−1 with a low detection limit of 0.38 μmol L−1 at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. For the advantages of easy update, low cost and good stability, this sensor can be expected to be widely use in pharmaceutics, clinical diagnostics, and for industrial detection of hydrogen peroxide.

Electrochemical Behavior of Hydrogen Peroxide at Nanocomposite of Prussian Blue with Palladium of Variable Nanogeometery Modified Electrode

The Nanocomposite of Prussian blue (PB) with palladium of variable nanogeometery has been made as electrode modifier. Palladium of different nanogeometry, Pd1 and Pd2, as confirmed from XRD and AFM investigations is made by calcinations of palladium linked glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane at 500°C and 1000°C respectively. The nanostructured Pd1 and Pd2 along with gold nanoparticles of two different sizes, i.e. 50 and 20 nm (AuNP1 and AuNP2) are used for making PB nanocomposites. The chemically modified electrodes developed from these electrode modifiers are used to understand the dependence of nanogeometery on the electrochemical behavior of H2O2. Six types of chemically modified electrodes namely; (1) PB, (2) PB-AuNP1, (3) PB-AuNP2, (4) PB-Pd1, (5) PB-Pd2, and (6) PB-AuNP2-Pd2 are made for such investigation. The electrochemical observations on these modified electrode justified the following conclusions; (1) gradual improvement in redox electrochemistry of PB as well as on electrochemical behavior of H2O2 as a function of increasing nanogeometry (2) the modified electrodes made with Pd2 showed better catalytic behavior as compared to that of Pd1 toward H2O2 reduction (3) The characterization results showed that Pd2 contain PdO as major component whereas Pd1 contains Pd as major part, (4) Pd1 and Pd2 are more efficient catalyst toward H2O2 reduction as compared to that of AuNPs, irrespective of their nanosize.

A sensitive non-enzyme sensing platform for glucose based on boronic acid–diol binding

A sensitive non-enzyme sensing platform for d-glucose based on the specific boronic acid–diol binding was established. Prussian blue (PB) which was co-deposited with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form Au–PB nanocomposite on gold electrode surface was employed to be the electrochemical indicator. To further improve the sensitivity of the sensor, a second AuNPs layer was assembled on the Au–PB nanocomposite via electroless metallization induced by catechol group of polydopamine. The in situ generated AuNPs afforded multiple binding sites for 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) self-assembly on the electrode surface via Au–S interaction. MPBA reacted with the 1,2-diol of d-glucose to form a stable 5-membered cyclic boronate ester and the binding event was monitored by the decreased current signal of PB moiety. Due to the high affinity of MPBA for d-glucose and high stability of the resulting sensing platform as well as the existence of AuNPs, the fabricated sensor exhibited high selectivity, good sensitivity, and wide linear range from 1.0 × 10 −7 to 1.35 × 10 −5 M with a low detection limit of 5.0 × 10 −8 M towards d-glucose.

A simple and an efficient strategy to synthesize multi-component nanocomposites for biosensor applications

We demonstrate that core–shell multi-component nanocomposites can be grown in situ at room temperature by a novel one-step approach without adding any reductant and stabilizer. We have presented a one-step method for the synthesis of multi-component nanocomposites in water solution, the multi-component nanocomposites could be produced directly and quickly in an in situ wet-chemical reaction. Here, Au–polypyrrole (PPy)/Prussian blue (PB) nanocomposites have been synthesized successfully under the same circumstance. With the addition of pyrrole monomers into mixture solutions, the autopolymerization of pyrrole into PPy and AuCl 4 − was reduced to elemental Au instantaneously as well as simultaneously. At the same time, PB produced along with elemental Au serving as a catalyst. Furthermore, we investigated the performance of Au–PPy/PB nanocomposites as amperometric sensor toward the reduction of H 2O 2, which displayed high sensitivity, fast response and good stability. The peak current of H 2O 2 increased linearly with the concentration of H 2O 2 in the range from 2.5 × 10 −9 to 1.2 × 10 −6 M, and the low detection limit of 8.3 × 10 −10 M (S/N = 3) was obtained. Therefore, this work provides a new pathway to design and fabricate novel multi-component nanocomposites, which have unique characteristics and hold great applications in the fields of sensors, electrocatalysis and others.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Metal Organic Framework Nanostructures

The considerable number of important physical properties, including optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, of Prussian blue (PB) analogues have attracted fundamental and industrial interest. Nevertheless, the gas sorption properties of PB coordination compounds were only investigated very recently. In this work, we report the synthesis and gas sorption properties of PB nanocomposites with different size and shape obtained by using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), chitosan, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) as stabilizers and structure directing agents. All three porous nanocrystals show high and selective CO(2) adsorption over CH(4) or N(2). No distinct relationship was found between the size (or shape) of the nanosorbents and their gas uptake capacities. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of PB nanocomposites for CO(2) capture applications.

Graphene oxide sheet–prussian blue nanocomposites: Green synthesis and their extraordinary electrochemical properties

A facile and green method for the synthesis of graphene oxide sheets (GOs)–prussian blue nanocomposites has been presented via a spontaneous redox reaction in a aqueous solution containing FeCl 3, K 3[Fe(CN) 6] and graphene oxide sheets. Electrochemical property investigation demonstrates PB nanocubes formed on the surface of GOs retain their excellent electrochemical activity and the GOs can enhance the electron transfer between PB and GC electrode. Moreover, the obtained nanocomposites even have shown a higher sensitivity toward the electrocatalytical reduction of H 2O 2 than that of multiwalled carbon nanotube/PB nanocomposites. Given their extraordinary electrochemical properties and the green preparation, as-prepared GO–PB nanocomposites have great potential in the field of electrochemical sensor and biofuel cell.

Label-free amperometric immunobiosensor based on a gold colloid and Prussian blue nanocomposite film modified carbon ionic liquid electrode

A novel experimental methodology based on a Prussian blue (PB) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was developed for use in a label-free amperometric immunosensor for the sensitive detection of human immunoglobulin G (HIgG) as a model protein. The CILE was fabricated by using the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as binder. Controllable electrodeposition of PB on the surface of the CILE and coating with 3-aminopropyl triethylene silane (APS) formed a film with high electronic catalytic activity and large surface area for the assembly of AuNPs and further immobilization of HIgG antibody. The electrochemistry of the formed nanocomposite biofilm was investigated by electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The HIgG concentration was measured through the decrease of amperometric responses in the corresponding specific binding of antigen and antibody. The decreased differential pulse voltammetric values were proportional to the HIgG concentration in two ranges, 0.05-1.25 ng mL(-1) and 1.25-40 ng mL(-1), with a detection limit of 0.001 ng mL(-1) (S/N = 3). This electrochemical immunoassay combined the specificity of the immunological reaction with the sensitivity of the AuNPs, ionic liquid, and PB amplified electrochemical detection and would therefore be valuable for clinical immunoassays.

Preparation of polyvinylpyrrolidone-protected Prussian blue nanocomposites in microemulsion

The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-protected Prussian blue nanocomposites were synthesized in isooctane/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) microemulsion. Then compressed CO 2 was used as antisolvent to recover the PVP-protected Prussian nanocomposites from the solution. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR. By changing the water-to-surfactant molar ratio ( w), the nanocomposites with different size can be easily obtained.