Proximity Measures Research Articles

Quantum Monge-Kantorovich Problem and Transport Distance between Density Matrices.

A quantum version of the Monge-Kantorovich optimal transport problem is analyzed. The transport cost is minimized over the set of all bipartite coupling states ρ^{AB} such that both of its reduced density matrices ρ^{A} and ρ^{B} of dimension N are fixed. We show that, selecting the quantum cost matrix to be proportional to the projector on the antisymmetric subspace, the minimal transport cost leads to a semidistance between ρ^{A} and ρ^{B}, which is bounded from below by the rescaled Bures distance and from above by the root infidelity. In the single-qubit case, we provide a semianalytic expression for the optimal transport cost between any two states and prove that its square root satisfies the triangle inequality and yields an analog of the Wasserstein distance of the order of 2 on the set of density matrices. We introduce an associated measure of proximity of quantum states, called swap fidelity, and discuss its properties and applications in quantum machine learning.

Cross-Sectional Study of Knee Bone Mineral Density and Fragility Fractures in Patients with Neurological Injuries and Neuromuscular Disorders

Background: Patients with neurological injury and neuromuscular disorders are at increased risk for osteoporosis and fragility fracture. This cross-sectional study investigated whether knee bone mineral density (BMD) correlates with fragility fracture in patients with neurological injury and neuromuscular injuries. Methodology: In this retrospective chart review, 435 participants underwent dual-energy X–ray absorptiometry (DXA) for BMD analysis. Distal femur and proximal tibial BMD measurements were performed as per the Toronto protocol. Spine, hip, and forearm DXA was performed following the standards of the International Society of Clinical Densitometry, 2019. Blinded and independent clinical evaluations and laboratory exams were performed. Participants were divided into groups with and without fracture confirmed by clinical history and radiography. Results: Distal femur and proximal tibial BMD were measured in 288/435 (66.2%) participants. Osteoporosis was noted in 138/288 (47.9%) patients. Fractures occurred in 95/435 participants (21.8%), including one fracture in 64/435 participants (14.7%), two fractures in 24/435 participants (5.5%), and greater than two fractures in 7/435 patients (1.6%). Fractures were noted in 23/54 (42.6%) participants with post-polio syndrome, 21/66 with brain injury (31.8%), 3/10 (30%) with brain injury and spinal cord injury, 24/98 (24.5%) with neuromuscular disorders, 9/52 (17.3%) with nontraumatic spinal cord injury, and 15/155 (9.7%) with traumatic spinal cord injury. The median BMD of the knee and hip was lower in participants with fractures. Distal femur and proximal tibial BMD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.45) remained independently associated with fragility fracture in multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Proximal tibial and distal femur BMD measurements offered additional information on neurological injury and neuromuscular disorders.

Bilateral home bias: A new measure of proximity.

Bilateral home bias: A new measure of proximity.

Navel healing in male and female Holstein calves over the first 14 days of life: A longitudinal cohort study.

The objectives of this study were (1) to describe navel healing in male and female neonatal Holstein calves over a 14-d observation period, and (2) to determine the associations of dam parity, calving factors, and calf factors with navel measurements and time to healing. A total of 68 Holstein calves (43 female and 25 male) were enrolled. Navel healing outcomes (cessation of navel discharge, navel cord remnant drying, navel cord remnant drop-off) and navel stump measurement outcomes (proximal diameter, distal diameter, length) were recorded every 24 ± 1 h for a 14-d observation period. Data were also collected for dam parity, calving factors (time of birth, calving ease), and calf factors (calf sex, calf vitality at birth, birth weight, average daily gain, serum total protein, and medical treatment or treatments). The mean time to navel cord remnant drying was 2 d, and all calves had dry navels by d 5. A total of 56% of calves retained their navel cord remnant beyond the end of the observation period, and calves began to shed their navel cord remnants as early as d 2. In addition, at least once during the observation period, 85% of calves had a proximal navel diameter measurement over a 13-mm threshold recently proposed to identify navel infections. For distal navel diameter measurements, 72% of calves had a diameter over the 13-mm threshold at least once during the observation period. No associations were identified between navel healing outcomes and dam, calving, and calf factors. Navel measurement outcomes were associated with calving and calf factors. Specifically, proximal navel stump diameter was associated with the day of observation (decreased from d 5 to 14), calf sex (smaller in female calves), time of birth (larger in calves born overnight or unobserved, compared with the morning), and birth weight (larger in birth weights >44.1 kg compared with <38.5 kg). Distal navel stump diameter was associated with calf sex, medical treatment, and day of observation; however, we observed an interaction between sex and day of observation (larger in male calves on d 3 to 7, d 9, and d 12, compared with female calves), and sex and medical treatment (larger in untreated male calves, no difference between treated male and female calves). Navel stump length was associated with time of birth (longer in calves born overnight or unobserved compared with any other time) and the interaction of birth weight and day of observation (longer in birth weights >44.1 kg compared with 38.6-41.5 kg on d 3, 8-10, and 13, and 41.6-44.0 kg on d 3, 5, 7-8, and 13). The wide range in time to navel cord remnant drying and drop-off suggest that these measures may not be adequate indicators of calf age on their own. More research on navel healing is required to improve our understanding of factors that influence navel measurements and time to healing, as well as how this information could be used in an objective assessment of navel health.

Differential Developmental Associations of Material Hardship Exposure and Adolescent Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex White Matter Connectivity.

Accumulating literature has linked poverty to brain structure and function, particularly in affective neural regions; however, few studies have examined associations with structural connections or the importance of developmental timing of exposure. Moreover, prior neuroimaging studies have not used a proximal measure of poverty (i.e., material hardship, which assesses food, housing, and medical insecurity) to capture the lived experience of growing up in harsh economic conditions. The present investigation addressed these gaps collectively by examining the associations between material hardship (ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years) and white matter connectivity of frontolimbic structures (age 15 years) in a low-income sample. We applied probabilistic tractography to diffusion imaging data collected from 194 adolescents. Results showed that material hardship related to amygdala-prefrontal, but not hippocampus-prefrontal or hippocampus-amygdala, white matter connectivity. Specifically, hardship during middle childhood (ages 5 and 9 years) was associated with greater connectivity between the amygdala and dorsomedial pFC, whereas hardship during adolescence (age 15 years) was related to reduced amygdala-orbitofrontal (OFC) and greater amygdala-subgenual ACC connectivity. Growth curve analyses showed that greater increases of hardship across time were associated with both greater (amygdala-subgenual ACC) and reduced (amygdala-OFC) white matter connectivity. Furthermore, these effects remained above and beyond other types of adversity, and greater hardship and decreased amygdala-OFC connectivity were related to increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results demonstrate that the associations between material hardship and white matter connections differ across key prefrontal regions and developmental periods, providing support for potential windows of plasticity for structural circuits that support emotion processing.

S03-4 3PL: Promoting pupils’ physical literacy: a pilot study testing feasibility and acceptability of the Y-PATH intervention in a Danish school setting

BackgroundA considerable number of Danish children and adolescents do not currently meet the national physical activity (PA) recommendations. In recent years, the concept of physical literacy (PL), has gained popularity worldwide, and it is considered as a proximal measure for lifelong PA. However, only a few interventions targeting PL exist on a global scale. In Denmark, the development of theoretically driven and evidence-based PL interventions that aim to increase PL among children and adolescents has not begun. Yet, a promising, theory-based, and internationally tested intervention, the Youth Physical Activity Towards Health (Y-PATH), has proven to be effective on children and adolescents’ PA levels and motor skills. This presentation introduces the Promoting Pupils’ Physical Literacy (3PL) project which aims to test the feasibility and acceptability of the Y-PATH intervention in a Danish context among pupils 9-11 years of age.Methods and ResultsThe hypothesis is that a revised and adapted 3PL intervention protocol that aims to increase pupils’ PL is ready for effectiveness testing by the end of this project. Two public schools will be recruited and randomly assigned to intervention or control condition following a waitlist design. The primary outcomes include the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. The feasibility of the practicality and the recruitment process will be assessed within a document log administered by research assistants. The acceptability, including demand and experiences, and the intervention implementation degree will be evaluated by short bimonthly questionnaires to teachers, and interviews with pupils, teachers, parents, and school managers. The preliminary effectiveness will be tested by comparing changes in pupils’ PL over time, assessed with the validated Danish Assessment of Physical Literacy tool.DiscussionA revised PL intervention, a Template for Intervention Description and Replication TIDieR checklist, and a protocol that offers a solid empirical and theoretical foundation for a future upscaled effectiveness study. Additionally, the development of such protocol and checklist provides a national as well as an international opportunity for researchers to use and compare effectiveness of the intervention across countries.

Warm ears, a red flag for sleepiness?

Core body and skin temperatures are intimately linked to sleep and alertness. The distal-to-proximal skin temperature gradient has been described as a good physiological predictor for sleep onset. Increased ear skin temperature is often caused by increased blood flow reflected in redness, which is commonly noticed in people who are sleepy, especially anecdotally in children. Nonetheless, no prior study investigated the possible relation between sleepiness and ear skin temperature as a separate measurement. We assessed the relation between ear skin temperature and sleepiness in patients undergoing regular electroencephalographic examinations, because of suspicion of epilepsy, both without and after sleep deprivation. Subjective sleepiness was measured using the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and objective sleepiness by determining sleep onset with electroencephalography. Distal, proximal and ear skin temperature were measured repeatedly using wireless measurement devices (iButtons). Forty-four adult patients were included. Ear skin temperature correlates weakly with distal skin temperature (r= 0.174, p< 0.001) and distal-to-proximal gradient (r= 0.160, p< 0.001), but not with proximal skin temperature (r= -0.001, p= 0.975). Ear skin temperature increased significantly in a subgroup of 13 patients, between 5 and 1 min before sleep onset (p= 0.002; η2 = 0.059), even though this increase was also associated with supine posture. iButtons is a valid method to measure ear skin temperature, which appears to function partly like a distal and partly like a proximal skin temperature measurement. Change in ear skin temperature is associated with sleep onset and supine posture.

144. Prophylactic proximal junctional measures improves cost efficacy of adult spinal deformity surgery, with optimal cost utility seen in those with concurrent optimal realignment

144. Prophylactic proximal junctional measures improves cost efficacy of adult spinal deformity surgery, with optimal cost utility seen in those with concurrent optimal realignment

OPTIMIZATION MODEL IN CLUSTERING THE HAZARD ZONE AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER

There are a large number of approaches to clustering problems, including optimization-based methods involving mathematical programming models to develop efficient and meaningful clustering schemes. Clustering is one of the data labeling techniques. K-means clustering is a partition clustering algorithm that starts by selecting k representative points as the initial centroid. Each point is then assigned to the nearest centroid based on the selected specific proximity measure. This writing is focused on the grouping of post-earthquake hazard zones based on grouping with regard to certain characteristics which aim to describe the process of partitioning the N-dimensional population into K-sets based on the sample. This research consists of three steps, namely standardization, data clustering using K-means and data interpolation using the K-means clustering algorithm and zoning of 7 variables, namely magnitude, depth, victim died, the victim didn’t die, public facilities were heavily damage, public facilities were slightly damage, and affected areas.

Brain Age Prediction in Developing Childhood with Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Images.

It is well known that brain development is very fast and complex in the early childhood with age-based neurological and physiological changes of brain structure and function. The brain maturity is an important indicator for evaluating the normal development of children. In this paper, we propose a multimodal regression framework to combine the features from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data for age prediction of children. First, three types of features are extracted from sMRI and DTI data. Second, we propose to combine the sparse coding and Q-Learning for feature selection from each modality. Finally, the ensemble regression is performed by random forest based on proximity measures to fuse multimodal features for age prediction. The proposed method is evaluated on 212 participants, including 76 young children less than 2 years old and 136 children aged from 2-15 years old recruited from Shanghai Children's Hospital. The results show that integrating multimodal features has achieved the highest accuracies with the root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.208 years and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.150 years for age prediction of young children (0-2), and RMSE of 1.666 years and MAE of 1.087 years for older children (2-15). We have shown that the selected features by Q-Learning can consistently improve the prediction accuracy. The comparison of prediction results demonstrates that the proposed method performs better than other competing methods.

A Stakeholder Perspective on Crisis Management: Stakeholder Sensegiving and Firm Sensemaking

Drawing on sensemaking, sensegiving, and stakeholder theory, I extend inquiry on stakeholder perceptions following an integrity-based organizational crisis. Whereas past studies focus on stakeholder perceptions as consequents, I take a dynamic, reciprocal approach that argues stakeholder perceptions are also important antecedents that influence a firm's selection of a crisis response strategy. Taking a mixed-methods approach, I conduct an event study of 577 integrity-based crises experienced by 188 S&P 500 companies and develop a novel policy capturing experiment that isolates focal sociocognitive mechanisms. Collectively, these studies support that media (moderate support) and investor (strong support) reactions to an integrity-based organizational crisis increase the likelihood of a firm selecting an accommodative, as compared to defensive, crisis response strategy. Interestingly, results from both studies support that media reactions to an integrity-based organizational crisis decrease the likelihood of a firm selecting an accommodative response strategy when firms have high endowments of social approval. As such, this paper extends theory on affective sensemaking and sensegiving, emotional-based social evaluations, the reciprocal relationship between firms and stakeholders, and the stakeholder perspective to crisis management. Methodologically, this paper introduces a novel sampling technique for crises events and develops a proximal measure for endowments of social approval.

Functional Impairment of Hip Joint and Activities of Daily Living Failure in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses.

In this study, we focused on the hip joints and examined pain and functional impairment, and their relationship with anatomical characteristics in MHE patients. Patients with MHE followed up in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled. Clinical hip functional outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) hip score and hip range of motion (ROM). Proximal femur geometric measurements were evaluated using radiography. A total of 39 patients (78 hips) with a median age of 25.6years and average JOA score of 94.0 ± 10.5 were included. Eight patients felt pain in their hip joints. The average ROM score was 18.2 ± 2.5, and 47.4% of the patients with MHE had ROM limitation. The average score of ability to walk was 19.6 ± 1.8, and three patients had some problems with walking. The average ADL score was 18.2 ± 2.5, and 51.3% of patients with MHE had some failures in ADL. The hip flexion and internal rotation were markedly restricted compared with the normal values. When patients were grouped according to their ADL scores, we found that the ADL failure group had a significantly lower ROM score than the no ADL failure group (p < 0.0001), and there were significant differences between the groups in terms of femoral neck widening (p = 0.0001). We found that half of MHE patients had some failures in their ADL due to hip functional impairment. The study results also suggest that femoral neck widening affected ADL failure and ROM limitation.

Putting the Mantel test back together again.

The Mantel test has been widely used in ecology and evolution, but over the last two decades it has been frequently critiqued because results were inconsistent with expectations and there were issues with Type I (false-positive) and Type II (false-negative) error rates. Three-matrix extensions of the Mantel test have been challenged for similar reasons. Even the null hypotheses underlying the Mantel test have been questioned. As a result, use of the Mantel test and its variants has been discouraged or limited to special situations. Here, we examine Mantel test criticisms including the lack of agreement between traditional variable-based Pearson correlations (r) and observation-based Mantel correlations (rm ), and the unusual Type I and Type II error rates. We propose an alternate proximity measure that resolves these issues. We use simulations and examples to contrast Mantel results based on Euclidean distance, squared Euclidean distance, and the simple difference (Diff) with traditional bivariate Pearson correlations. We demonstrate that use of the simple difference in Mantel tests can resolve the underlying problems with poor agreement between bivariate Pearson and Mantel correlations, as well as appropriate Type I and Type II errors (i.e., where r = cor(x,y) and rm = cor(dx ,dy ), if dx = Diff(x) and dy = Diff(y), r = rm ). We also show that the simple difference can provide solutions to issues with partial Mantel tests and distance-based MANOVA. Because our results resolve many of the issues with Mantel tests, we hope that these findings will restore the popularity of the Mantel test.

Application of InterCriteria Analysis to Assess the Performance of Scoring Functions in Molecular Docking Software Packages

(1) Background: In silico approaches to rational drug design are among the fastest evolving ones. Depending on the available structural information for the biomacromolecule and the small molecule, the in silico methods are classified as ligand- and structure-based. The latter predict ligand–receptor binding using 3D structures of both molecules, whose computational simulation is referred to as molecular docking. It aims at estimating the binding affinity (approximated by scoring function) and the ligand binding pose in the receptor’s active site, which postulates a key role of the scoring functions in molecular docking algorithms. This study focuses on the performance of different types of scoring functions implemented in molecular modelling software packages. (2) Methods: An InterCriteria analysis (ICrA) was applied to assess the performance of the scoring functions available in MOE, GOLD, SeeSAR, and AutoDock Vina software platforms. The InterCriteria analysis was developed to distinguish possible relations between pairs of criteria when multiple objects are considered. All 12 investigated scoring functions were tested by docking a set of protease inhibitors in the binding sites of two protein targets. The dataset consisted of 88 benzamidine-type compounds with experimentally measured inhibitory constants for thrombin and trypsin, which allows for the objective assessment of the scoring functions performance. The results generated by the molecular docking were subjected to ICrA in order to analyze both docking energies as approximations of the binding affinities and RMSDs (root-mean-square deviation) as measures of the experimental binding pose proximity between the compounds and the co-crystalized ligand, based on the atoms in the common scaffold. (3) Results: The results obtained for the best poses, the average of the best 5 or 30 poses retained after docking, were analyzed. A comparison with the experimentally observed inhibitory effects was also performed. The InterCriteria analysis application confirms that the performance of the scoring functions for the same dataset of ligands depends on the studied protein. The analysis reveals that none of the studied scoring functions is a good predictor of the compounds’ binding affinities for the considered protein targets. (4) Conclusion: In terms of this analysis, the investigated scoring functions do not produce equivalent results, which suggests the necessity for their combined use in consensus docking studies.

Foraminifera and testate amoebae morphogroup analysis and biofacies of the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Ferron-Notom Delta, Utah, USA

Morphogroup and biofacies analyses were conducted on strata of the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Ferron-Notom delta, Central Utah, USA. This study investigates associations between ancient deltaic environments and foraminiferal and testate amoebae assemblages with an assessment of their ecological zonation based on their extant Holocene counterparts. Sixty-six hand samples of mudstone were collected from the three outcrops (Caineville North, Blue Hills, and Steamboat) along strike and dip profiles. Morphological analysis showed four morphogroups with eleven morphotypes of foraminifera and testate amoebae reflecting relationships between test morphology and depositional environment. Morphotypes were used to define the main biofacies of the study sections using cluster analysis. Due to a possible fossilization biases with the calcareous foraminiferal fraction, the biodiversity index is only used as relative measure in defining biofacies. Despite this possible taphonomic bias, the agglutinated foraminifera and testate amoebae morphogroups show plausible trends of salinity both among the outcrops and stratigraphically within each outcrop. The Blue Hills outcrop represents the most landward and thus the lowest salinity environment (tidally-influenced backwater), Steamboat is more coast proximal with a slightly higher salinity found in the delta front and the fluvial/estuarine environment, while the Caineville North outcrop represents the most coast proximal with the highest salinity of the prodelta/delta front and fluvial/estuarine environment. It appears that landward and coastward transport of tests led to a taphonomic bias. Nonetheless, the assemblages provide useful information that correlates with previously documented, lithofacies data. A salinity index, which is a ratio of trochospiral taxa versus testate amoebae taxa, provides a useful measure of coastal proximity that matches lithofacies trends. In addition, an Organic Matter (OM) index, which is the ratio of bolivinid-type taxa versus trochospiral taxa shows relationships with original probable OM content of the sediment inferred from the lithofacies and the plant macrofossils.

Ensemble HYDRUS-2D modeling to improve apparent electrical conductivity sensing of soil salinity under drip irrigation

Monitoring and mapping soil salinity are valuable for irrigation management and reclamation of salt-affected agricultural soils in arid and semi-arid regions. Proximal measurements of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) can help characterize soil salinity spatial distributions. However, ECa is not solely a function of salinity. ECa is strongly influenced by soil salinity, water content, and edaphic properties such as texture and bulk density. Consequently, monitoring and mapping salinity based on geospatial ECa measurements is challenging in fields with dynamic and spatially complex patterns of salinity and water content, such as occurs under drip irrigation. We conducted a numerical modeling study to evaluate protocols for using proximal ECa sensing in drip irrigated systems, focusing specifically on the measurement distance from the drip-line that consistently identifies areas of high salinity in the rootzone. The measurement distance was evaluated as a function of six irrigation management parameters: soil hydraulic conductivity, irrigation discharge, irrigation interval, solute concentration, root-zone volume, and leaching fraction. HYDRUS-2D was used to run a 729 member ensemble of drip irrigation simulations of water and solute dynamics under different irrigation management scenarios. Two case studies were simulated for clay loam soil: (1) low salinity soil irrigated with high salinity irrigation water and (2) high salinity soil irrigated with low salinity water. Depth-averaged ECa measurements down to the 75 and 150 cm depths, such as can be obtained using an electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor, were evaluated in the simulations. According to the ensemble results, a reliable EMI measurement distance from the drip-line was about 100 cm for the case of low salinity irrigation in saline soil and adjacent to the drip-line for the high salinity irrigation. The ensemble ECa and EC of saturated paste extract (ECe) distributions were twice as sensitive to the irrigation water salinity level as compared to the other irrigation management parameters. The probabilistic ensemble approach can be extended to a variety of case studies to aid soil scientists and agricultural consultants monitoring and mapping soil salinity with ECa-directed soil sampling for micro-irrigation systems.

A high order proximity measure for linear network embedding

Ağ gömülümü öğrenme problemi bir çok ağ analizi gerektiren problemin ifade ve çözümlenmesi için çok büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, ağ içerisinde bulunan düğümlerin birbirleri ile olan gizli ilişkilerini açığa çıkarmak için, son yıllarda ağ gömülümü öğrenme problemi çokça çalışılmaktadır. Bu gizli ilişkinin açığa çıkarılması, bağlantı tahminleme, öbekleme ve sınıflandırma gibi öğreme problemlerinin daha iyi çözümlenmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Ağ gömülümünü öğrenmek için, farklı yaklaşım ve algoritmalar geliştirilmiş olsada, matris ayrışımı bazlı algoritmalar hızlı olmasından dolayı araştırmacılar tarafından büyük ilgi görmekteler. Matris ayraşım bazlı ağ gömülümü öğrenmede genel anlamı ile yüksek dereceli yakınlık ölçüleri kullanılmaktadır, örneğin random walk with restart (RWR) ve Katz ölçüleri. Ancak, bu ölçülerle yapılan ağ benzerlik ölçüleri matris ayrışımında sıfıra karşılık gelen eigenvectors (özvektörler) üretebilmektedir. Bu ise öğrenilen ağ gömülümün yanlış olmasına sebeb olmaktadır. Bu prolemi aşmak için, bu makalede shift-and-invert (kaydır ve tersini al) yaklaşımına dayanarak bir yaklaşım önerdik. Bağlantı tahimini baz problemi alarak, geliştirdiğimiz algoritmayı üç gerçek veride kullanık ve sonuçların var olan matris ayrışımlı algoritmasını bütün metrik değerlendirmelerinde var olan algoritmanın performansını ciddi miktarda artırdığını gözlemledik.

Midterm clinical outcome of uncemented short-stem reversed shoulder arthroplasty.

While the incidence of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is increasing constantly, newer implants with designs other than the classic Grammont geometry are gaining importance. More anatomic inclination angles and lateralization are supposed to have a positive impact on clinical results and complication rates. Presentation of midterm results therefore is important to support these assumptions. The aim of this study was to report the midterm clinical outcome of primary rTSA with an uncemented humeral short-stem prosthesis (USSP) with a humeral inclination angle of 145° and the analysis of different variables on the outcome. This is a retrospective study of all patients with primary rTSA using an USSP and a combined humeral inclination angle of 145° (Ascend™ flex, Stryker) with a minimum clinical follow-up of 2years. The implant combines a 132.5° inclination for the humeral stem with an additional 12.5° for the polyethylene inlay. Primary outcomes were patient-reported outcome measures: ASES score, simple shoulder test (SST) and subjective shoulder value (SSV). Secondary outcomes were complication and revision rates. We analyzed different variables: preoperatively gender, age, indication for surgery and status of rotator cuff. Also, the glenoid morphology was classified according to Walch and a proximal humerus cortical bone thickness measurement (CBT avg) of 6mm was used as a threshold for osteoporosis. Postoperatively, we analyzed different radiologic parameters: filling ratio, distalization and lateralization angles according to Boutsiadis. A total of 84 out of 99 (85%) patients with a mean FU of 46.7months (range 24-80months) could be included: 62 women and 22 men with a mean age of 74.7years. Mean ASES score significantly increased from 47 preoperatively to 85.8 at the last follow-up (p = 0.001). The postoperative SST reached an average of 65.3 and the mean SSV was 83%. None of the variable parameters analyzed could be identified as a risk factor for a lower outcome defined as a SSV < 70. Three patients (3.6%) had a complication: one incomplete lower plexus lesion, one dislocation and one major hematoma. Surgical revision was needed in two cases (2.4%). The midterm clinical outcome of primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) with an uncemented humeral short stem and a humeral inclination angle of 145° showed good-to-excellent results with a low complication and revision rate independent from a wide range of pre- and postoperative variables. PROMs are comparable to those reported for anatomic TSA with a low complication rate, different to historical studies especially with the Grammont design. Treatment study, Level IV.

Comparative Study of A1 Pulley Release and Ulnar Superficialis Slip Resection in Trigger Finger With Flexion Contracture of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of A1 pulley release with ulnar superficialis slip resection (group A) and simple A1 pulley release (group B) in trigger finger with flexion contracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. From January 2016 to December 2019, the 2 surgical procedures were performed alternately every year for trigger fingers with preoperative PIP joint flexion contractures of ≥10°. Twenty-six fingers in group A and 29 fingers in group B that were followed up for >1 year were reviewed in this retrospective study. The visual analog scale (VAS) score; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score; degree of PIP joint flexion contracture; grip strength; and pinch strength were measured after surgery and compared. The differences in postoperative PIP joint flexion contracture between groups were <4° at 2 and 6 weeks, and there were no clinically relevant differences at 6 weeks and 12 months. At the final follow-up, PIP joint flexion contractures of 5° were observed in 2 fingers in each group. The difference in VAS scores between groups was less than half of a point until 3 months, and there were no clinically relevant differences at 6 weeks and 12 months. The DASH score did not show any difference between groups at the final follow-up. There were clinically relevant differences in the grip and pinch strengths between groups at 6 weeks. However, there were no clinically relevant differences at the final follow-up. Proximal interphalangeal joint flexion contracture measurements and clinical scores did not differ between groups at the final follow-up. Therefore, we recommend use of a simple A1 pulley release, which is simpler than an A1 pulley release with ulnar superficialis slip resection, in cases of trigger finger with PIP joint flexion contracture. Therapeutic IV.

ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ С ЗОНОЙ НЕЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ УПРУГОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА И СУХИМ ТРЕНИЕМ ПО ГОДОГРАФАМ

The study objective is to increase the efficiency of identifying parameters of dynamic systems that have an elastic element with a dead zone and dry friction in their composition according to experimental data. The problem to which the paper is devoted is to develop an identification algorithm that allows defining the parameters of the frequency response function of a nonlinear dynamic system for all experimentally obtained points of the system frequency curve. The research methods are based on the theory of dynamical systems, in particular on harmonic linearization. The novelty of the work is in applying modules of modifying deviations of the curve points of the system model from the corresponding experimentally obtained system curve points as a measure of proximity for the system curves and the model of the sum of squares. The study result is an algorithm for identifying a nonlinear system, which is reduced to solving a system of equations linear to unknown parameters of the transfer function of the system model. Computing experiment showed that the errors in defining the values of the system parameters with a dead zone of an elastic element and a non-linearity of dry friction type are approximately equal to the measurement errors of the experimental readings of this system curve. The main conclusion of the study is that the developed algorithm should be used to solve practical problems of identifying nonlinear systems, which include an elastic element with a dead zone and dry friction.