Proximity Distance Research Articles

The stochastic proximal distance algorithm

The stochastic proximal distance algorithm

The Status of Liver Margin in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Multicenter Study.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in the liver margin (LM) of resected perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) and establish a method for LM examination. LM is the largest margin in resected pCCA with undefined status and assessment method. 227 pCCA cases underwent major hepatectomy were divided into a discovery cohort (n=101) assessed using serial whole-mount digital large sections (WDLS) combined with small sections, and a control cohort (n=126) assessed using only small sections. The LM R1 resection rate was 38.6% (39/101) in the discovery cohort and 5.6% (7/126) in the control cohort. WDLS identified more LM R1 cases compared to the small section in the discovery cohort (38.6% vs. 5.9%, P<0.001). R0 patients in the discovery cohort had better overall survival and recurrence-free survival than those in the control cohort (both P<0.05). Additionally, 95% of carcinoma was found within 20mm of the proximal ductal margin (DM). A proximal DM distance of<5mm was an independent risk factor for LM R1 resection. Patients with which are more likely to experience R1 compared to those with ≥ 5mm (P<0.001). Positive LM was the significant cause for R1 resection of pCCA and the utilization of WDLS improved the diagnostic accuracy of LM. An examination methodology was established, highlighting the necessity of examining LM within a 20mm radius around the proximal DM, especially in patients with a proximal DM of<5mm.

СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ БЛИЗОСТЬ АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПОНЯТИЙ, ОБОЗНАЧАЮЩИХ НЕБЕСНЫЕ ТЕЛА

The problem of determining the semantic similarity of astronomical terms denoting celestial objects in a school astronomy course is considered. A distributive method is used, which consists in comparing the distributions of concepts in the astronomy textbook. With the help of special computer programs, punctuation marks and stop words are removed from the text, the number of mentions of various terms is deter-mined, the cosine measure of proximity and the semantic distance between concepts are calculated. This allows: 1) to reveal frequently used astronomical concepts denoting celestial bodies; 2) to obtain matrices of proximity and semantic distances between the concepts of "galaxy", "star", "Sun", "planet", "black hole", "white dwarf", etc.; 3) to create a mental map of the celestial bodies that make up the Solar system, taking into account the distances between the terms designating them 4) to build clouds of concepts "types of stars", "Earth – star – Universe". To model the semantic space of the textbook, the Graf.pas computer program is used, which randomly moves vertices in 2D or 3D space, each time calculating the potential energy W of the elastic rods connecting them and choosing such an arrangement of vertices that W is minimal. It is believed that the closely located vertices are connected by rigid rods, and the far removed ones are connected by elastic rubber threads.

Highly robust electronic skin for object recognition of robot hand based on carbon nanomaterials and SEBS

When robot hands work in a complex environment, they not only need to sense the objects in contact but also need to respond to remote events before physical contact. In this way, robot hands can make predictions, to better adapt to the complex environment. In this paper, we have designed a flexible sensor array, which integrates a piezoresistive sensor and a capacitive sensor for detecting pressure and proximity direction and distance signals simultaneously. Piezoresistive sensors can detect pressure signals in real-time, and capacitive sensors detect pressure and proximity signals. The sensors are arranged in a patterned array and installed on the robot hand to help the robot hand detect the distance and direction of approaching objects, as well as the shape and size of the grasped objects. To avoid mechanical mismatch, piezoresistive sensors and capacitive sensors are fabricated with the same flexible materials. In addition, after extreme pressure tests, the sensors can still work normally, to ensure that the robot hands can work normally after collision. We also combined the detected signal with machine learning, so that the robot can accurately identify objects of different shapes. In the fruit recognition test, the recognition accuracy reached 90 %.

Wire-ready invertase-glucose dehydrogenase chimera as a strategic design for enzymatic chain reaction-driven electrocatalysis

The multienzymatic reaction in bioelectrocatalytic systems can offer promising pathways for diverse biochemical synthesis or higher electricity generation. To achieve efficient enzymatic chain reactions and electron transfer at enzyme-electrode interfaces, precise control of enzyme positioning and surface-orientation is paramount. Therefore, the selection of multienzyme co-immobilization techniques must be approached with great care. In this study, we describe a “solid binding peptide (SBP)-fused chimeric enzyme” aimed at directly knotting the invertase (INV), glucose dehydrogenase gamma-alpha complex (GDHγα), and electrode, sequentially. The INV and GDHγα, positioned upstream and downstream enzymes, were linked via a flexible oligopeptide linker. Subsequently, GDHγα, acting as a redox protein responsible for electron production, was immobilized on electrode using an SBP tethered to the GDH α subunit. We show that the “wire-ready fusion construct” significantly enhanced oxidative currents on the electrode compared to the cases where either inter-enzyme proximity or cofactor-electrode distance is controlled individually.

Distance: A 2024 re-examination

Distance, a concept that continues to be relevant and rather complex, is far from being obsolete despite its diminishing role in the age of virtual space. It represents spatial separation, a notion that was first quantified in Egypt some 5,000 years ago. The evolution of distance can be traced through five distinct phases: natural (absolute and relative distances), relational (time and cost distances, distance decay, friction of distance, and distanciation), technological (extensibility, accessibility, and speed), virtual (proximity, digital, cognitive, and metaphorical distances), and optional (optional and estimated distances). These historical phases have built upon each other, leading to our contemporary experience of all distance classes depending on specific separation cases. Modern humans may overcome any distance on earth, one way or another, unless prevented from doing so by political national sovereignties.

Detection of ChatGPT fake science with the xFakeSci learning algorithm

Generative AI tools exemplified by ChatGPT are becoming a new reality. This study is motivated by the premise that “AI generated content may exhibit a distinctive behavior that can be separated from scientific articles”. In this study, we show how articles can be generated using means of prompt engineering for various diseases and conditions. We then show how we tested this premise in two phases and prove its validity. Subsequently, we introduce xFakeSci, a novel learning algorithm, that is capable of distinguishing ChatGPT-generated articles from publications produced by scientists. The algorithm is trained using network models driven from both sources. To mitigate overfitting issues, we incorporated a calibration step that is built upon data-driven heuristics, including proximity and ratios. Specifically, from a total of a 3952 fake articles for three different medical conditions, the algorithm was trained using only 100 articles, but calibrated using folds of 100 articles. As for the classification step, it was performed using 300 articles per condition. The actual label steps took place against an equal mix of 50 generated articles and 50 authentic PubMed abstracts. The testing also spanned publication periods from 2010 to 2024 and encompassed research on three distinct diseases: cancer, depression, and Alzheimer’s. Further, we evaluated the accuracy of the xFakeSci algorithm against some of the classical data mining algorithms (e.g., Support Vector Machines, Regression, and Naive Bayes). The xFakeSci algorithm achieved F1 scores ranging from 80 to 94%, outperforming common data mining algorithms, which scored F1 values between 38 and 52%. We attribute the noticeable difference to the introduction of calibration and a proximity distance heuristic, which underscores this promising performance. Indeed, the prediction of fake science generated by ChatGPT presents a considerable challenge. Nonetheless, the introduction of the xFakeSci algorithm is a significant step on the way to combating fake science.

Effect of the Sauvé–Kapandji method on the wrist contact surface for distal radial ulnar joint disorders

BackgroundThe Sauvé–Kapandji (S-K) method is a surgical procedure performed for chronic deformities of the distal radial ulnar joint (DRUJ). Changes to the joint contact surface from pre- to postoperatively under physiological in vivo conditions have not yet been determined for this useful treatment. The aim of the present study was therefore to compare the articular contact area of the wrist joint between before and after the S-K method for DRUJ disorders.MethodsThe SK method was performed for 15 patients with DRUJ osteoarthritis and ulnar impaction syndrome. We calculated the Mayo Wrist Score as the patient’s clinical findings and created 3-dimensional bone models of cases in which the S-K method was performed and calculated the contact area and shift in the center of the contact area using customized software.ResultsThe Mean modified Mayo Wrist Score improved significantly from 60.3 preoperatively to 80.3 postoperatively (P < 0.01). Scaphoid contact area to the radius increased significantly from 112.6 ± 37.0 mm2 preoperatively to 127.5 ± 27.8 mm2 postoperatively (P = 0.03). Lunate contact area to radius-ulna was 121.3 ± 43.3 mm2 preoperatively and 112.5 ± 37.6 mm2 postoperatively, but this decrease was not significant (P = 0.38). Contact area ratio of scaphoid to lunate increased significantly from 1.01 ± 0.4 preoperatively to 1.20 ± 0.3 postoperatively (P = 0.02). Postoperative translations of the center of the scaphoid and lunate contact areas were decomposed into ulnar and proximal directions. Ulnar and proximal translation distances of the scaphoid contact area were 0.8 ± 1.7 mm and 0.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, and those of the lunate contact area were 1.1 ± 1.7 mm and 0.4 ± 1.1 mm, respectively. This study revealed changes in wrist contact area and center of the contact area before and after the S-K method.ConclusionThese results may accurately indicate changes in wrist joint contact area from pre- to postoperatively using the S-K method for patients with DRUJ disorder. Evaluation of changes in contact area due to bone surface modeling of the wrist joint using 3DCT images may be useful in considering surgical methods.

Prognostic Relevance of the Proximal Resection Margin Distance in Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Adenocarcinoma

BackgroundThe risk for recurrence in patients with distal gastric cancer can be reduced by surgical radicality. However, dispute exists about the value of the proposed minimum proximal margin distance (PMD). Here, we assess the prognostic value of the safety distance between the proximal resection margin and the tumor.Patients and MethodsThis is a single-center cohort study of patients undergoing distal gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma (2001–2021). Cohorts were defined by adequacy of the PMD according to the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines (≥ 5 cm for intestinal and ≥ 8 cm for diffuse Laurén’s subtypes). Overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) were assessed by log-rank and multivariable Cox-regression analyses.ResultsOf 176 patients, 70 (39.8%) had a sufficient PMD. An adequate PMD was associated with cancer of the intestinal subtype (67% vs. 45%, p = 0.010). Estimated 5-year survival was 63% [95% confidence interval (CI) 51–78] and 62% (95% CI 53–73) for adequate and inadequate PMD, respectively. Overall, an adequate PMD was not prognostic for OS (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.48–1.38) in the multivariable analysis. However, in patients with diffuse subtype, an adequate PMD was associated with improved oncological outcomes (median OS not reached versus 131 months, p = 0.038, median TTP not reached versus 88.0 months, p = 0.003).ConclusionPatients with diffuse gastric cancer are at greater risk to undergo resection with an inadequate PMD, which in those patients is associated with worse oncological outcomes. For the intestinal subtype, there was no prognostic association with PMD, indicating that a distal gastrectomy with partial preservation of the gastric function may also be feasible in the setting where an extensive PMD is not achievable.

The First-Principles investigation of sensing and removal applications of nitrobenzene using pristine and Sc decorated B9N9 nanoring

Nitrobenzene (NB), an aromatic organic compound widely used in various industries, has several environmental risks. Due to its risks, reliable sensing mechanisms are crucial. In the present work, we investigated the potential of the pristine and Sc decorated B9N9 nanoring as a sensor for detection of the toxic NB molecule using density functional theory (DFT). We have analyzed the structural parameters, adsorption energy (Ead), highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), HOMO-LUMO gap, density of states (DOS) spectra, Mulliken charge transfer, dipole moment, IR spectra, non-covalent interactions (NCI) iso-surfaces, recovery time (τ) and work function (φ) before and after the adsorption of NB onto pristine and Sc decorated B9N9 nanorings. Our analysis revealed that the NB interacted optimally with the pristine B9N9 nanoring, as evidenced by changes in electronic properties and Ead value of −0.58 eV. However, the Sc decorated B9N9 nanoring indicated a strong interaction with NB with Ead of −4.09 eV at a proximal distance of 2.12 Å. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the pristine B9N9 nanoring could be used as both an “electronic sensor” and “φ-type sensor”. Additionally, to esteem rapid recovery for practical feasibility, we calculated τ for both the pristine and Sc decorated B9N9 nanoring. The short τ of the pristine nanoring indicates its suitability as NB sensor. In contrast, the longer τ of the Sc decorated nanoring suggests its applicability for NB storage or its removal from the surroundings. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of pristine B9N9 nanoring as effective NB sensor and removal. We hope that our study will assist experimentalists to develope a reliable B9N9 nanoring based sensor for the detection of NB molecules.

A mathematical programming model integrating waste pickers in urban area recycling practice

Urbanization has resulted in a significant accumulation of waste in densely populated areas. Effective household waste separation practices within urban areas are crucial for advancing the concept of circular economy. The informal system has contributed remarkably to urban material circulation, but it has not been appropriately valued. Through the partnership among the municipal solid waste authorities, condominium building residents, and waste pickers, the latter can be engaged in the community to assist in household waste separation. This initiative would not only enhance their income and reduce probable occupational risks but also augment the recycling rate in the community. Based on the insights from the current waste picker assignment policy in Taichung City, this study has established a mathematical programming model by considering the overall waste separation volume and proximal distance to the neighborhood, facilitating the assignment of individual waste picker to multiple communities within the neighborhood area. Consequently, concerned waste pickers may increase their income and avoid the constraints of picking up recyclables in high-occupational-risk areas. Additionally, it may reduce the volume of unsorted garbage in the community. According to the findings of case studies, the developed model could obtain an optimal solution or acceptable approximate solution in a short timeframe. In contrast to the outcomes from the existing waste picker assignment policy, the application of the developed model could increase the total volume of sorted recyclables, which was directly proportional to the income of waste pickers, by 2.3–2.6 times.

How to make recommendations on mobile social e-commerce more effective: The role of social features and temporal cues

This study explores the role of design affordance of social display features in mobile social e-commerce with recommendations. Building upon the intersection of signaling theory and construal level theory, we address two paradoxes regarding social and temporal cues in recommending (close social distance vs. limited feedback and recency vs. magnitude). The results from four experiments indicate that friend-based feedback induces larger purchases than crowd-based feedback. Temporal distance moderates this relationship. Specifically, when temporal cues indicate proximal distance, recommendations from friends (by showing their feedback) are more persuasive than those from crowds. Conversely, the opposite occurs at further temporal distance.

A new species of Eustomias (Nominostomias) (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae) from the Kermadec Ridge—Tonga Trench region, western South Pacific Ocean, with notes on the barbel morphology of E. trewavasae

A new species of dragonfish Eustomias (Nominostomias) robertsi is described from the western South Pacific Ocean. The new species, the first record of a member of Eustomias (Nominostomias) Group III (sensu Gibbs et al. 1983) from the region, it is most similar to Eustomias suluensis in barbel morphology. However, it has a smaller proximal and distal bulb distance, the smallest distal inter–bulb value in the group, and much longer terminal filaments. Comments are also provided on the morphology of the diagnostic features on the barbel of Eustomias trewavasae, including an important character overlooked in the original description of the species. The barbel morphology is redescribed taking this into account. A brief observation is made recording the first record of the subgenus Triclonostomias from the western South Pacific Ocean.

Smart Glasses for Visually Impaired People Using IoT

The visually handicapped have a difficult time getting by in a world that is mostly intended for sighted people. Even seemingly simple things like locating obstacles, traversing new places, and keeping spatial awareness can be difficult for them and frequently impede their freedom and movement. Their sense of dependence and loneliness are exacerbated by the absence of real-time support and systems catered to their individual needs, which exacerbates these challenges. Smart glasses are made especially for those who are blind or visually impaired to address these issues. These smart glasses use technologies to improve the wearer's movement and independence while offering real-time help. It seeks to remove the obstacles that visually impaired people encounter when attempting to safely and successfully navigate their environment by utilizing modern sensor technology and creative IoT solutions. [3] Its primary goal is to create a wearable assistive technology with features including proximity alarms, object detection, distance measuring, and location mapping. It seeks to provide a complete and user-friendly system that caters to the unique needs of visually impaired people by integrating a variety of sensors, communication modules, and cloud-based platforms. The goal of the glasses is to let people to live more independently and confidently by removing the limits imposed by visual impairment, which will ultimately improve their overall quality of life.

A movement-aware measure for trajectory similarity and its application for ride-sharing path extraction in a road network

Recognizing common travel paths of crowds in a road network is valuable for understanding human mobility patterns and developing intelligent ride-sharing services. To achieve this, it is critical to measure the similarity of their trajectories. Although many measures have been proposed in the past decades, they often ignore movement consistency, exhibit one or more deficiencies in the face of noise and misaligned trajectories, or require extra parameters to tune predictions. In this paper, we propose an improved similarity measure called the directed segment path distance (DSPD), which considers the spatial proximity and movement consistency of trajectories. By integrating the spatial proximity distance and moving direction similarity between trajectories, the DSPD is a competitive parameter-free similarity measure that can effectively distinguish trajectories with different movement characteristics. To verify the effectiveness of the DSPD, we conducted a quantitative comparative study between the DSPD measure and 11 state-of-the-art trajectory similarity measures on six simulated trajectory datasets and applied the DSPD to two typical application scenarios: trajectory clustering for road network generation and retrieving common trajectories for ride-sharing path planning. The results demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and superiority of the DSPD and its great potential in trajectory search, clustering, and classification.

Implications of Residential Buildings in Proximate Distance to the Haags Bosh Landfill Site

Implications of Residential Buildings in Proximate Distance to the Haags Bosh Landfill Site

Interactive driving of electrostatic film actuator by proximity motion of human body

AbstractA built-in capacitive proximity sensing method for a charge-induction electrostatic film actuator is proposed. This actuator consists of two thin sheets that function as a stator and a slider. A stator is an insulating sheet with many strips of electrodes in it, whereas a slider is a dielectric sheet that has slight conductivity on its surface. By applying actuation voltage on stator electrodes, the slider that is placed on the stator is driven by electrostatic force. This research realized the simultaneous actuation and proximity sensing using the same electrodes by integrating a resonance-based capacitance measurement circuit into a driving circuit. The study investigated the impact of having a slider on sensing performance, confirming the feasibility of simultaneous sensing and driving. The implemented system achieved an interactive actuation that changed driving velocity according to the proximity distance of the human hand.

Chlorine bridge bond-enabled binuclear copper complex for electrocatalyzing lithium–sulfur reactions

Engineering atom-scale sites are crucial to the mitigation of polysulfide shuttle, promotion of sulfur redox, and regulation of lithium deposition in lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, a homonuclear copper dual-atom catalyst with a proximal distance of 3.5 Å is developed for lithium–sulfur batteries, wherein two adjacent copper atoms are linked by a pair of symmetrical chlorine bridge bonds. Benefiting from the proximal copper atoms and their unique coordination, the copper dual-atom catalyst with the increased active interface concentration synchronously guide the evolutions of sulfur and lithium species. Such a delicate design breaks through the activity limitation of mononuclear metal center and represents a catalyst concept for lithium–sulfur battery realm. Therefore, a remarkable areal capacity of 7.8 mA h cm−2 is achieved under the scenario of sulfur content of 60 wt.%, mass loading of 7.7 mg cm−2 and electrolyte dosage of 4.8 μL mg−1.

Cleaning performance of electric toothbrushes around brackets applying different brushing forces: an in-vitro study

Throughout treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances, effective plaque control is crucial to maintaining dental health. This in-vitro study evaluated the cleaning performance of eleven different brush heads of seven electric toothbrushes (oscillating-rotating and sonic motions) and varying brushing forces around orthodontic brackets. Six Mini Diamond® Twin brackets were placed on black-stained front teeth. Teeth were coated with white titanium oxide and brushed in a machine six times for one minute with two different brushing forces (1 N and 1.5 N). Eleven different brush heads were evaluated (either oscillating-rotating or sonic movements). The teeth were scanned and planimetrically evaluated after brushing. Three detailed plaque areas (DPAs) were created: proximal (< 1 mm to bracket), mid-tier (1–2 mm to bracket), and distant (> 2 mm to bracket). The proportion of contaminated proximal, mid-tier, and distant surfaces (white regions) in relation to the respective DPA was calculated. Independent of brushing forces, places with a higher distance (> 2 mm) to the orthodontic bracket had the least amount of residual contamination, followed by areas with a minor (1–2 mm) and proximal distance (< 1 mm). In all of the brushes tested and for both estimated brushing forces, the region with the highest residual contamination was the proximal area. The brush heads of the Paro® Sonic toothbrush left the least amount of residual contamination. The cleaning performance of electric toothbrushes around brackets on upper incisors varied across the brushes examined. The proximal area has the most residual contamination. Furthermore, 9 out of 11 toothbrushes cleaned more successfully with 1.5 N than with 1 N brushing force.

Exploring helix structures of γ-peptides based on 2-(aminomethyl)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid.

Conformational search and density functional theory calculations were performed to explore the preferences of helical structures for chiro-specific oligo-γ-peptides of 2-(aminomethyl)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (γAmc5) with a cyclopentyl constraint on the Cα-Cβ bond in solution. The dimer and tetramer of γAmc5 (1) with homochiral (1S, 2S) configurations exhibited a strong preference for the 9-membered helix foldamer in solution, except for the tetramer in water. However, the oligomers of γAmc5 (1) longer than tetramer preferentially adopted a right-handed (P)-2.614-helix (H1-14) as the peptide sequence becomes longer and as solvent polarity increases. The high stabilities for H1-14 foldamers of γAmc5 (1) in solution were ascribed to the favored solvation free energies. The calculated mean backbone torsion angles for H1-14 helix foldamers of γAmc5 (1) were similar to those calculated for oligomers of other γ-residues with cyclopentane or cyclohexane rings. However, the substitution of cyclopentane constraints on the Cα-Cβ bond of the γAmc5 (1) residue resulted in different conformational preferences and/or handedness of helix foldamers. In particular, the pyrrolidine-substituted analogs of the H1-14 foldamers of γAmc5 (1) with adjacent amine diads substituted at a proximal distance are expected to be potential catalysts for the crossed aldol condensation in nonpolar and polar solvents.