Proximal Environment Research Articles

Farm size shapes friend choice amongst rice producers in China: Some evidence for the theory of network ecology

Multiple dynamics jointly determine who we befriend, however, researchers have failed to systematically assess which processes matter most under different circumstances. Here I draw on observations around how the demands of paddy rice cultivation shape social interaction to demonstrate that the relative importance of reciprocity, transitivity and generalised exchange to who rice producers choose as friends varies with the amount of agricultural land under their control. In doing so, I use unique data on farm size and friendship amongst 4713 rice-growing smallholders in 162 rural villages in Jiangxi, China along with a new technique for measuring the relative importance of effects in Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models. In line with the micro-level component of the recently advanced “theory of network ecology”, results suggest that features of an individual’s proximal environment can powerfully moderate the relative expression of network-formation mechanisms such that for some individuals, a dynamic may be expected to hold substantial sway over the process of choosing social contacts and, for others, no sway at all.

Personal Factors, Internet Characteristics, and Environmental Factors Contributing to Adolescent Internet Addiction: A Public Health Perspective.

Individual characteristics, family- and school-related variables, and environmental variables have equal importance in understanding Internet addiction. Most previous studies on Internet addiction have focused on individual factors; those that considered environmental influence typically only examined the proximal environment. Effective prevention and intervention of Internet addiction require a framework that integrates individual- and environmental-level factors. This study examined the relationships between personal factors, family/school factors, perceived Internet characteristics, and environmental variables as they contribute to Internet addiction among adolescents based on the public health model. A representative sample of 1628 junior high school students from 56 regions in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do participated in the study via questionnaires with the cooperation of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the district office of education. The study analyzed psychological factors, family cohesion, attitudes toward academic activities, Internet characteristics, accessibility to PC cafés, and exposure to Internet game advertising. About 6% of the adolescents were categorized as being in the severely addicted group. Between-group comparisons showed that the addicted group had started using the Internet earlier; had higher levels of depression, compulsivity, and aggressiveness as well as lower family cohesion; and reported higher accessibility to PC cafés and exposure to Internet game advertising. Multiple logistic regression indicated that for adolescents, environmental factors had a greater influence than family or school-related factors. Policy implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.

Lithofacies and glacio-tectonic deformation structures of the Tiesi'ao/Dongshanfeng Formation on the Yangtze Block, South China: Implications for Sturtian Glaciation dynamics

The Cryogenian Period (~720–635 Ma) witnessed the most extensive and prolonged glaciation events in Earth history. Vast ice sheets of at least two global glaciations, the Sturtian (~720–660 Ma) and Marinoan (<654–635 Ma), advanced to sea level at low latitudes, a scenario that is at the heart of the general Snowball Earth hypothesis. This hypothesis is supported by results of recent work in geochronology and geochemistry, but certain parts of the glacial sedimentary records remained debated regarding ice sheet dynamics. Here we report findings from four sections of the Sturtian-age Tiesi'ao/Dongshanfeng Formation and related strata on the Yangtze Block in South China. Our work has documented the presence of four lithofacies: massive diamictite, crudely stratified diamictite, stratified to massive pebbly sandstone and dropstone-bearing laminated siltstone and our interpretation is that these rocks were deposited in proximal glacio-marine environments during five successive episodes of glacial advance and retreat. We have also identified an interval of deformation structures near the base of the Tiesi'ao/Dongshanfeng Formation that is characterized by upward increasing strain intensity, indicating that these structures were caused by overriding ice sheets. All the observations collectively suggest that the Sturtian ice sheets in South China were warm-based, rapidly moving, and sensitive to changes in climate. Further, our data suggest that the ice grounding line reached the slope area, implying a major drop in global sea level, enormous ice sheet thickness, or both during the Sturtian Glaciation.

Spatial patterns, availability and cultural preferences for edible plants in southern Africa

AbstractAimWe investigated whether cross‐cultural food plant selection in southern Africa is best explained by language ancestry, floristic environment or subsistence strategy.LocationThe flora of southern Africa region.TaxaAll 1,740 edible plant taxa of southern Africa, representing 711 genera in 156 families.MethodsDistribution data of plants were overlapped in ArcMap with 19 language maps, eight biomes and all taxa with nutritional data. Six correlations were estimated between five pairwise distance matrices (language ancestry, geographical proximity, floristic and edible environments and utilized species) with Mantel tests using the ‘vegan’ package in R. Regression analyses were used to identify floristic and cultural preferences in food plant selection.ResultsSpatial autocorrelation did not influence the selection of edible plants by the 19 language groups of southern Africa (r = −.078). The floristic and edible environments had a strong correlation (r = .9743) while the distance matrices of the edible and actually utilized plants had a low correlation for 13 of the language groups (r = .2174). Regression analyses between the floristic and edible environments for the FSA region and three languages, representing hunter‐gatherers (Ju│’hoan), pastoralists (Khoekhoe) and agrarians (Venda) were all significant (p &lt; .001) with high R2 values (respectively .6181, .7702, .6654 and .7900), as were the relationship (p &lt; .001) between what is edible and what was actually utilized. Surprisingly, the Apocynaceae had a much higher residual value than globally important food plant families. Vitamin C of fruits seems to have higher levels along the coastal regions, and carbohydrates in underground storage organs have higher levels in the summer‐arid western region.Main conclusionsThere is an apparent preference for certain food plant families in southern Africa. This selection appears to be driven by subsistence strategy, based on the categories of plants preferred by the three representative language groups.

Middle Jurassic Tracks of Sauropod Dinosaurs in a Deep Karst Cave in France

ABSTRACT Although the deep galleries of natural underground cavities are difficult to access and are sometimes dangerous, they have the potential to preserve trace fossils. Here, we report on the first occurrence of sauropod dinosaur tracks inside a karstic cave. Three trackways are preserved on the roof of the Castelbouc cave 500 m under the surface of the Causse Méjean plateau, southern France. The tracks are Bathonian in age (ca. 168–166 Ma), a crucial but still poorly known time interval in sauropod evolution. The three trackways yield sauropod tracks that are up to 1.25 m long and are therefore amongst the largest known dinosaur footprints worldwide. The trackmakers are hypothesized to be titanosauriforms. Some of the tracks are extremely well preserved and show impressions of digits, digital pads, and claws. We erect the new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Occitanopodus gandi, igen. et isp. nov. In order to characterize depositional environments, we conducted sedimentological, petrographic, and mineralogical analyses. The tracks from Castelbouc attest the presence of sauropods in proximal littoral environments during the Middle Jurassic. This discovery demonstrates the great potential of prospecting in deep karst caves that can occasionally offer larger and better-preserved surfaces than outdoor outcrops.

Presalt reservoirs of the Santos Basin: Cyclicity, electrofacies, and tectonic-sedimentary evolution

Presalt reservoirs of the Santos Basin accounted for more than 50% of Brazilian hydrocarbon production in the first two months of 2019. Its most important reservoirs are found in the Barra Velha Formation; thus understanding its genesis and geologic history is essential. This formation is composed of carbonates deposited in an alkaline lacustrine environment with a multiplicity of facies from boundstones and grainstones to mudstones. We have performed a sedimentary analysis based on the integration of sidewall core (SWC) samples and well logs from two wells coupled with seismic patterns discrimination to characterize the tectonic and depositional evolution of the Barra Velha Formation in a sector of the Outer High of the Santos Basin in this study. Our method initially consisted of the evaluation of well logs, aiming to identify shallowing and flooding upward cycles of the second and third orders for the paleoenvironmental conceptualization upper rift and sag phases. Then, we defined electrofacies through the integration of SWCs, gamma ray, and acoustic impedance logs using the crossplot approach. Finally, we described seismic patterns throughout the study area and correlated with results from well data analysis. Therefore, the Barra Velha Formation was subdivided into three zones: the lower, intermediate, and upper zones. Well 1 has a facies association characteristic of a proximal and stable environment during deposition, whereas well 2 initially presents in a distal environment sedimentation that evolves to a more proximal setting. This fact evidenced differences with respect to base-level variations indicating compartmentalization within the lacustrine environment of the upper rift and sag phase that corroborated with the detailed seismic pattern interpretation of the study area.

Facies architecture and sediment infilling processes in intrabasinal slope belts of lacustrine rift basins, Zhanhua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

Abstract Intrabasinal slope belts, which were previously thought to lack sandy sediments, have been largely understudied due to their distance from their sediment provenance. Thus, our study sought to conduct a comprehensive geological study of the facies architecture and sediment infilling processes in the intrabasinal slope belts of the Zhanhua Depression during the Paleogene using seismic data, drill cores and well logs. Three distinctive depositional systems were identified: near-shore subaqueous fan, shallow/deep lakes, and braided-river delta. The facies architecture and sediment infilling processes were primarily characterized by different stages of diversiform tectonic geomorphologies in cyclothem motifs of rift lacustrine basins. The geomorphological characteristics of the Shahejie Formation exhibited multiple alternating uplifts and sags, resulting in multiple intra- and extra-basinal sediment provenances, while those of the Dongying Formation displayed a single depocenter with a wide and gentle geomorphology derived from several extra-basinal sediment provenances. Coarse-grained sediments formed near-shore subaqueous fans, primarily accumulated on the slopes around the Kenli Uplift during the member 3 of the Shehejie Formation interval; medium- and fine-grained sediments deposited in the proximal and distal environment of the delta front and sandy sediments formed thick-bedded sandy beach bars on subaqueous uplifts during member 2 of the Shehejie Formation interval; ultrafine-grained, fine-grained, and carbonate sediments deposited as thin-bedded carbonate banks and sandy beach bars in a shallow/deep lake during member 1 of the Shehejie Formation interval; and fine-to medium-grained sediments abundantly accumulated in the proximal environment of the delta front by passing the uplifts and infilling the slopes during the Dongying Formation interval. This integrated study demonstrates the effectiveness of a process-based analytical approach and depositional models in predicting facies architecture and sediment infilling processes. Furthermore, it provides guidelines for oil and gas exploration in intrabasinal slope belts of rift basins.

REHABILITATION OF HISTORICAL UNDERGROUND MINE WORKINGS—A PHASED APPROACH

INTRODUCTION Rehabilitation is essential in legacy mines as mine hazards do not improve with time; they will always get worse. Most hazard mitigation techniques address immediate risk but do nothing to actually fix the problem. The current impetus is to move away from simply identifying and managing risks and towards long-term solutions that eliminate the hazards in a planned way. This article will describe a proven approach to identify and eliminate hazards in such a way as to preserve the positive legacy of mining while eliminating issues that affect the environment and communities in proximity to legacy mine sites.

Experimental Investigations of Combined Flow Sediment Transport

Abstract In shallow marine environments gravity-driven currents (e.g., hyperpycnal flows) often traverse surface wave fields, and the resulting complex flows are key mechanisms for offshore sediment transport. Our laboratory experiments illustrate how surface waves alter sediment transport in gravity-driven density currents. The addition of a wave field to a gravity-driven current resulted in a 7–8.5% increase in the downslope transport of the deposit volume. Additionally, oscillatory velocities recorded at downslope locations in surface-wave-altered turbidity currents were larger than wave-field velocities measured at the same location without a turbidity current. These observations indicate that surface waves alter turbidity currents in a longitudinally complex manner whereby the influence of oscillatory currents is transported downslope within the body of the turbidity current. These effects were observed in a conservative case: the maximum orbital velocities of the wave field were an order of magnitude less than the maximum unidirectional velocities of the current. We predict that if the velocities of the wave field and the current were sub-equal, a plausible scenario for hyperpycnal flows in near-shore, deltaic, and proximal shelf environments, these effects would be substantially more effective. This work has significant implications for modeling offshore sediment transport in shallow marine environments and for interpreting the deposits of such flows, most notably that the presence or absence of combined-flow ripples might not indicate whether the current was deposited above or beneath wave base.

Using high‐resolution XRF analyses as a sequence stratigraphic tool in a mudstone‐dominated succession (Early Cretaceous, Lower Saxony Basin, Northern Germany)

AbstractDelineation of stratigraphic sequences and their component systems tracts in mudstone‐dominated successions is challenging due to the relatively homogenous, fine‐grained nature of the strata. High‐resolution elemental intensity data from X‐ray fluorescence core scanning is used in order to develop a sequence stratigraphic framework for the Lower Cretaceous monotonous mudstone succession in the eastern Lower Saxony Basin. The study is based on four drill cores covering the Berriasian to Aptian interval. In addition, carbon isotope (δ13Corg), grain size and CaCO3 analyses were carried out on discrete samples. The studied cores represent both proximal and distal basinal environments of the eastern Lower Saxony Basin and can be reliably correlated by utilizing variations in selected X‐ray flourescence elemental ratios, K/Ti data have proven to be particularly suitable in this regard. The core correlation shows that chemostratigraphic variability within the studied succession is laterally reproducible in the eastern Lower Saxony Basin, and can be used to establish a sequence stratigraphic framework. Further, Si/Al and Ca/Ti ratios have been applied to characterize the cores in terms of variation in grain size and CaCO3 content, respectively. Vertical grading trends inferred from Si/Al changes were used to identify transgressive and regressive systems tracts within the studied succession. An important regression in the uppermost lower Valanginian coincides with the onset of the Valanginian Weissert Event, as indicated by the well‐known positive δ13C shift, and, thus, supports the idea that the initial interval of this event corresponds to enhanced supply of terrigenous material. The results of this study are also in agreement with previously recognized transgressive–regressive trends in the Lower Saxony Basin and adjacent areas. This clearly shows that systematic geochemical variations recorded in mudstone‐dominated basinal settings are suitable to establish sequence stratigraphic frameworks.

A cross-sectional study of the relationship of proximal smoking environments and cessation history, plans, and self-efficacy among low-income smokers.

Proximal environments could facilitate smoking cessation among low-income smokers by making cessation appealing to strive for and tenable. We sought to examine how home smoking rules and proximal environmental factors such as other household members' and peers' smoking behaviors and attitudes related to low-income smokers' past quit attempts, readiness, and self-efficacy to quit. This analysis used data from Offering Proactive Treatment Intervention (OPT-IN) (randomized control trial of proactive tobacco cessation outreach) baseline survey, which was completed by 2,406 participants in 2011/12. We tested the associations between predictors (home smoking rules and proximal environmental factors) and outcomes (past-year quit attempts, readiness to quit, and quitting self-efficacy). Smokers who lived in homes with more restrictive household smoking rules, and/or reported having 'important others' who would be supportive of their quitting, were more likely to report having made a quit attempt in the past year, had greater readiness to quit, and greater self-efficacy related to quitting. Adjustments to proximal environments, including strengthening household smoking rules, might encourage cessation even if other household members are smokers.

Supercritical-flow Deposits and Their Distribution in a Submarine Channel System, Middle Eocene, Ainsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees

Abstract Studies of supercritical-flow deposits (SFDs) and their spatial distribution in ancient deep-water systems should provide an additional tool to improve the understanding of the flow dynamics during deposition and the architecture of sandbodies. Outcrop recognition of SFDs in ancient deep-marine environments remains poorly documented, although their study dates back to the 1970s. This paper focusses on the criteria for recognizing SFDs and their distribution in three selected depositional environments from an ancient mid-lower slope to a proximal-basin floor setting in the middle Eocene Ainsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees. From field observations, six facies associations interpreted as related to supercritical flow are defined. These facies associations are grouped in two categories. The first group includes facies associations related to erosional coarse-grained supercritical-flow bedforms related to meter and centimeter-scale scours and backfilling structures interpreted as large-scale cyclic steps or small-scale cyclic steps, respectively. Erosional coarse-grained supercritical bedforms are observed mainly in relatively high-gradient slopes and relatively confined settings. The second group of facies associations are related to depositional fine-grained supercritical-flow bedforms associated with upflow-dipping sandstone lenses, upflow-stacked wavy bedforms, upflow-stacked sigmoidal bedforms, and plane beds, interpreted as unstable and stable antidunes and upper-flow-regime plane beds. Depositional fine-grained supercritical-flow bedforms are observed mainly in relatively unconfined settings such as lower-slope, break-of-slope and proximal basin-floor environments. Two main SFD trends were observed in the Ainsa Basin in: (i) an axial-lateral direction, showing a decrease in SFDs from channel axis to channel margin, and (ii) a longitudinal proximal–distal direction, showing an increase in SFDs from the Gerbe System (mid-slope environment), to the Banastón System (proximal basin-floor environment), to the Ainsa System (lower-slope environment). From this study, two parameters are recognized as likely playing an important role on whether a flow is under supercritical or subcritical conditions: (i) confinement of the sandbodies, and (ii) slope gradient.

Impacts of Rail Transit Accessibility on Firm Spatial Distribution: Case Study in the Metropolitan Area of Washington, DC

Agglomeration economies can arise in areas with high concentrations of firms, which can be facilitated by improved transportation accessibility. Accessibility can be improved by public transit infrastructure, especially in combination with careful planning for transit-oriented development (TOD) that creates compact, high density, mixed-use, and pedestrian-friendly built environments in proximity to public transit infrastructure. Although the literature on TOD has increasingly shown positive effects on residential development and property values, its effects on commercial and industrial development, location of firms, and associated agglomeration economies are less clear and require more empirical study. This study analyzes firm location patterns by industry/sector in the metropolitan area of Washington, DC and examines whether significant spatial clusters have developed in relation to: 1) the presence of Metrorail stations; and 2) the presence of specific industry firms in the earlier year, using kernel density analysis and multinomial logit (MNL) regression. The analysis results indicated that firms in certain industries, such as finance and insurance/real estate and public administration, are more likely to benefit from proximity to Metrorail stations than other industries. Furthermore, firms in several industries show the effects of agglomeration within the same industry while several combinations of industries exhibit cross-industry agglomeration effects. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of which industry sectors are more likely to be located in proximity to rail transit stations and TOD areas and to the understanding of agglomeration effects within the same industry and between different industries.

Fear of Fraudulence: Graduate School Program Environments and the Impostor Phenomenon

ABSTRACTThose who suffer from impostorism experience feelings of fraudulence, worrying that they are fooling others about their abilities and that they will eventually be exposed. While prior research emphasizes the trait-like durability of impostor personalities, we argue that impostorism is sensitive to experiences in proximate social environments, such as graduate school programs. The authors examine the relationship between perceived characteristics of graduate school program environments and students’ impostor feelings using survey data from a large university (N = 1,476). Results demonstrate that students’ perceptions of lower-quality mentorship, increased competition, and increased isolation are associated with more frequent impostor fears. The authors discuss the consequences of impostorism in academia and review implications for program policies and future research.

Reaction Environment Modification in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Catalytic Performance Enhancement.

Herein, we show how the spatial environment in the functional pores of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be manipulated in order to exert control in catalysis. The underlying mechanism of this strategy relies on the placement of linear polymers in the pore channels that are anchored with catalytic species, analogous to outer-sphere residue cooperativity within the active sites of enzymes. This approach benefits from the flexibility and enriched concentration of the functional moieties on the linear polymers, enabling the desired reaction environment in close proximity to the active sites, thereby impacting the reaction outcomes. Specifically, in the representative dehydration of fructose to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, dramatic activity and selectivity improvements have been achieved for the active center of sulfonic acid groups in COFs after encapsulation of polymeric solvent analogues 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and ionic liquid.

Reaction Environment Modification in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Catalytic Performance Enhancement

AbstractHerein, we show how the spatial environment in the functional pores of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be manipulated in order to exert control in catalysis. The underlying mechanism of this strategy relies on the placement of linear polymers in the pore channels that are anchored with catalytic species, analogous to outer‐sphere residue cooperativity within the active sites of enzymes. This approach benefits from the flexibility and enriched concentration of the functional moieties on the linear polymers, enabling the desired reaction environment in close proximity to the active sites, thereby impacting the reaction outcomes. Specifically, in the representative dehydration of fructose to produce 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, dramatic activity and selectivity improvements have been achieved for the active center of sulfonic acid groups in COFs after encapsulation of polymeric solvent analogues 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone and ionic liquid.

Economic cycles as a source of social influence on individuals

AbstractThe current review summarizes emerging research in psychology and associated disciplines showing that the economic cycles exert social influence on individuals across a range of psychological domains. Most research on social influence focused on how factors in the proximal environment impact individuals, while influences emanating from the state of the economy as a whole received far less attention. I review the development of different intellectual traditions examining social influence to explain the relative lack of attention to economic cycles and position emerging work on the topic relative to past research. I then review research on how economic cycles influence individuals by focusing on influences relevant to intraindividual, interpersonal, and intergroup processes. A review of this work shows that the understanding of core phenomena of interest to social psychology (e.g., attributions, altruism, and racial tensions) can be meaningfully extended by studying the complex interplay between the economic system and the psychology of individuals embedded within it. This stream of research also uncovers mechanisms through which economic cycles generate or amplify problems for the broader society, which I propose is both the key reason why more work on the topic is needed as well as the key direction for future work.

Comparison of Sexual Reproductive Behaviors in Two Species of Macrobiotidae (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada)

Reproductive strategy is an important aspect of biological diversity. In tardigrades, several reproductive modes, including sexual reproduction, are known. However, tardigrade mating behavior has been observed only rarely in most species, and in some cases, especially in the freely ovipositing eutardigrades, remains entirely unknown. In the present study, we cultured two sexually reproducing tardigrade species that lay eggs freely, Paramacrobiotus sp. TYO strain and Macrobiotus shonaicus, to investigate and compare their courtship, mating, and chromosome morphology. Mating behavior was observed and recorded in both species. The entire mating sequence, including courtship, was categorized into five discrete steps common to two species, as follows: [1] Tracking: the male tracks and orientates toward the female; [2] Touching: the male makes contact with the cloaca of the female; [3] Standstill: the female ceases movement until male ejaculation is complete; [4] Ejaculation: the male curls its caudal end and ejaculates into the cloaca from close range; [5] Contraction: the female contracts its ventral side after ejaculation to capture spermatozoa deposited in the external environment in close proximity to the cloaca. Some notable differences between the two species were observed in the steps 3-4. First, oviposition was observed at 40 min in Paramacrobiotus sp. TYO strain, and a few days after mating in M. shonaicus, respectively. Comparisons of chromosome morphology before and after mating indicated that oocytes are arrested at metaphase I in both species. Spermatozoa attach to the interior of the chorion of laid eggs.

Resilience in Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight Kindergarten Children.

Research on developmental outcomes of preterm birth has traditionally focused on adverse effects. This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of resilience in 146 extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EPT/ELBW) children (gestational age &lt;28 weeks and/or birth weight &lt;1000 g) attending kindergarten and 111 term-born normal birth weight (NBW) controls. Adaptive competence (i.e., "resilience" in the EPT/ELBW group) was defined by scores within grade expectations on achievement tests and the absence of clinically elevated parent ratings of child behavior problems. The "adaptive" children who met these criteria were compared to the "maladaptive" children who did not on child and family characteristics. Additional analyses were conducted to assess the conjoint effects of group (ELBW vs. NBW) and family factors on adaptive competence. A substantial minority of the EPT/ELBW group (45%) were competent compared to a majority of NBW controls (73%), odds ratio (95% confidence interval)=0.26 (0.15, 0.45), p&lt;.001. Adaptive competence was associated with higher cognitive skills, more favorable ratings of behavior and learning not used to define adaptive competence, and more advantaged family environments in both groups, as well as with a lower rate of earlier neurodevelopmental impairment in the EPT/ELBW group. Higher socioeconomic status and more favorable proximal home environments were associated with competence independent of group, and group differences in competence persisted across the next two school years. The findings document resilience in kindergarten children with extreme prematurity and highlight the role of environmental factors as potential influences on outcome. (JINS, 2019, 25, 362-374).

Internalising and externalising behaviour profiles across childhood: The consequences of changes in the family environment

Internalising and externalising behaviours may have heterogeneous patterns across childhood. Different aspects of young children's proximal family environments may influence these behavioural profiles. Previous studies have used indicators of family instability at one point in time or collapsed several indicators into an index. We assess whether patterns in internalising and externalising behaviours across childhood are in part determined by changes and events in multiple domains of the family environment across early childhood. Using Millennium Cohort Study data and Latent Profile Analysis, we created longitudinal latent profiles for internalising and externalising behaviour using child behaviour scores at ages 3, 5, 7, and 11. Time-varying markers of children's environments from ages 3–11 years included: poverty, family structure, number of siblings, residential moves, maternal depression, and hospital admissions. We derived five internalising profiles and two externalising profiles. Transitions into and out of poverty (ORs range: 1.9–3.3), changes in maternal depression (ORs range: 2.3–7.8), and persistent experiences of poverty and maternal depression had the strongest and most consistent associations with children's behaviours at all ages; early childhood experiences of maternal depression and poverty had independent longitudinal associations with children's behaviours; and residential moves were only related to externalising behaviours. This study emphasises the importance of investigating interrelated features of a child's proximal family environment alongside examining patterns in children's behaviour across childhood. To best support children and their families, policy solutions should focus on alleviating family poverty and depression and consider the holistic nature of a child's family environment.