Provision Of Sanitary-epidemiological Welfare Research Articles

Digital technologies in the tasks of managing the sanitary-epidemiological situation at the level of the subject of the Federation

The relation of tasks of managing the sanitary and epidemiological situation at the regional level to the storage, transmission and analysis of large data arrays determines the relevance of their digitization for data transformation and computational operations. Purpose: to use digital technologies for processing dynamic spatially distributed information to optimize management decisions regarding the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population. Methods: system and mathematical analysis, geoinformation analysis, forecasting, online consulting, computing technologies. Results. Using the example of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, digital technologies were used to assess, analyze and optimize the sanitary-epidemiological situation at the regional and municipal levels (55 municipalities, 2.9 million people, 40 thousand production facilities, 19 classes of diseases and causes of death, about 10 years of observations, 50.0 thousand health studies, etc, a total of 1.5 billion units of information). The territorial distribution of the total risk of causing potential harm to the health of the population has been quantified with geoinformation binding, and a shift in priorities towards the location of the activities of economic entities has been revealed. The zones of aerotechnogenic impacts on the population were digitized, the maxima of the spread of diseases associated with the risk of harm to the health of the exposed population were estimated. There are obtained digital parameters of models of dependence of morbidity of the population on the total risk of harm to the health of the population formed by subjects of various types of aactivity. With the use of digital technologies, at the regional level there is substantiated an effective model of the system of socio-hygienic monitoring, based on the combination with risk-oriented control and supervisory activities. Their optimal interaction in relation to the sanitary-epidemiological situation is ensured by a cyclical interconnected planning process that eliminates zones of excessively high or unacceptably low intensity of observations. Limitations. The results of the conducted research on the use of digital technologies for processing dynamic spatially distributed information for the assessment, analysis and optimization of the sanitary-epidemiological situation are applicable only in the territories of federal districts, regional and municipal levels of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The potential for optimizing the sanitary-epidemiological situation at the regional and municipal levels is quite high. Digitalization provides efficiency, high accuracy, and selection of scenario management decisions to minimize risks to public health.

Improvement of the Scientifically-Substantiated Model of Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare Provision During Mass Events by the Example of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Russia

In 2018, between June14 and July 15, final matches of the FIFA World Cup-2018 were held in 11 cities of the Russian Federation. That event was the biggest mass event with international participation in the history of Russia. During the period, in the process of sanitary-epidemiological welfare provision, developed earlier scintific-and-practical achievementds for prevention of emergency situations of sanitary-epidemiologoical character were implemented to the fullest extent. Objective of the study – analysis of evolution of the developed in Russia scientifically-substantiated approaches in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare provision of mass events and aggregation of the results of their implementation during preparation and holding of FIFA World-Cup-2018. Utilized were information-analytical materials from the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations by the constituent entities of the Russian Federatuion, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the entities of the Russian Federation, RusRAPI “Microbe” of the Rospotrebnadzor, data from Organizing Committee “Russia-2018”, Federal Turism Agency, information published in periodical press. Scientifically substantiated model of sanitary-epidemiological welfare provision during mass events was developed in the Russian Federation. It includes expert evaluation and quantification of potential epidemic hazard of mass event which allows for targeted prophylactic and anti-epidemic measures with rationalized loads and adequate frequency of repeat. The paper discusses the complex of measures carried out during preparation and holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 by the functional areas: sanitary protection of the territory; epidemiological surveillnace over relevant anthropozoonotic, natural-focal zoonotic, sapronotic infectious diseaseas; sanitary surveillance over communal facilities, catering facilities, sites of accomodation of the participants and guests; sanitary-hygienic monitoring of ambient environment objects; provision of anti-epidemic preparadeness and readiness of the Rospotrebnadzor authorities and institutions and medical organizations; provision of readiness of laboratory facilities; involvement of additional forces and capacities and interagency cooperation in response to emergency situations of sanitary-epidemiological character.

Usage of Mobile Laboratories of Biological Expertise Abroad and in Russia: Present Day Realities and Prospects

We analyzed the data on availability and usage of mobile laboratories of biological expertise for indication and identification of pathogenic biological agents in foreign countries and in the Russian Federation. We outlined the major types of mobile units that exist abroad and in Russia. Key stages of evolution in design and deployment of mobile laboratories in the network of plague control institutions of the Rospotrebnadzor were described, as well as the broadening of the range of their use in Russia. We assessed operational use of the Russian mobile laboratories, both in Russia and abroad, in the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare during mass events, disaster management, and response to epidemic manifestations of particularly dangerous infectious diseases. Major trends in implementation of mobile units of biological expertise in Russia were identified. We addressed their usage in various State Programs on assistance to partner-countries in the matters of International Health Regulations (2005) implementation, control over dangerous infectious diseases. Advanced inventions – Second generation modernized mobile complex of the specialized anti-epidemic teams, mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics, and airmobile anti-epidemic complex – were discussed.

Applying Principles of Multi-Factor Genetic Analysis of Infectious Disease Agents in the Work of the Rospotrebnadzor SAET during Mass Events

Objective of the study – to develop and test in operation of the Rospotrebnadzor Spesialized Anti-Epidemic Teams (SAET), deployed during the major mass events, the procedure for application of molecular-genetic methods for detection and identification of pathogenic biological agents. Materials and methods. Utilized are the reporting documentation drawn up by the results of work of the specialized anti-epidemic teams of the Rospotrebnadzor on the provision of sanitary epidemiological welfare during Olympic Games 2014 and other important mass events in Sochi in 2015–2017. Results and conclusions. Developed and tested in practice of the Rospotrebnadzor SAET during the major mass events has been procedure for application of molecular-genetic methods, based on structured approach (algorithm) of indication and genetic characterization of PBA. Equipping of the SAET with diagnostic preparations is carried out in accordance with the provision of preparedness for performing investigations by three-level algorithm of molecular-genetic characteristics of pathogens: level I – detection (indication) of a pathogen using PCR, level II – identification of the pathogen genome fragments using PCR, level III – genotyping. Developed procedure was used successfully by the SAET during the Olympic Games 2014 and other important mass events in Sochi in 2015–2017, which allows for recommending it for future use.

Peculiarities of Management of Sanitary and Anti-Epidemic (Preventive) Measures during Preparation and Holding the 28th Winter Student Games, 2017 in Almaty

Objective was to ensure health and sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population during XXXVIII World Winter Universiade in the territory of Almaty, within the period of January 30 – February 8, 2017. Materials and methods . Analyzed have been the results of measures, conducted by the specialists of M. Aikimbaev Kazakh Scientific Center of Quarantine and Zoonotic Infections (KSCQZI), in particular the rapid response team, during winter Universiade, 2017. Results and discussion . Due to preventive actions on the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare during the preparation and holding of the World Universiade, all the set tasks were accomplished, normative-methodological framework of KSCQZI – amended. Staffing of the rapid response team by the trained specialists and procuring with laboratory equipment facilitated avoidance of emergence and spread of infectious diseases among the guests and residents of Almaty city.

Dissemination of Infectious Diseases Significant for the Sanitary Protection of the Territory of the Russian Federation in East-Mediterranean Region

Objective of the study is to generalize epidemiological data and assess the situation in the countries of East-Mediterranean region on infectious diseases that require the measures on sanitary protection of the territory of the Russian Federation, CIS member-states, and Eurasian Economic Union. Materials and methods. Epidemiological analysis was carried out using the data of official websites and periodical publications of WHO, WHO East-Mediterranean Office, National Health Ministries, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, other international organizations and open-access literature sources. Results and conclusions. Systematized and summarized have been the data on morbidity rates and spatial dissemination of diseases in each particular country from the point of view of possible risks to visiting them individuals. The data presented on the infectious diseases allow for addressing the issues associated with the risk of infection; identification of the factors and terms of high risk of infection; for forecasting the probability of disease importation into the Russian Federation. The information may prove to be useful for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of potential epidemic hazard in the course of sanitary-epidemiological welfare provision under international mass events.

THE FORMATION OF THE SANITARYEPIDEMIOLOGICAL SERVICE OF THE VOLOGDA REGION

The organization of purposeful work on provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population in the Vologda region has deep historical roots and closely connected with the formation of preventive medicine and sanitary organization in the country. The formation of the sanitary-epidemiological service of the Vologda region connected with the names of Z.G. Frenkel, N.V. Falina, V.V. Lebedeva, E.G. Agisheva, E.E. Bartkevich.

Results of Work of the Rospotrebnadzor SAET on the Provision of Sanitary Epidemiological Welfare of the Population during the Summer Health-Promotion Campaign, 2014 in the Crimean Federal District

Integration of the Crimean Federal District (CFD) into the Russian Federation in March, 2014 predetermined the necessity to organize preventive activities, aimed at the provision of sanitary epidemiological welfare in the region. The paper observes the results of work of the specialized anti-epidemic teams, affiliated to the Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute and Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, on the provision of assistance to CFD Sanitary Epidemiological Service (SES) in operational etiological investigation of infectious diseases outbreaks. Performed is the laboratory analysis of 2407 clinical and environmental samples. 676 tests out of 11518 have showed positive (non-standard) results. Given are the recommendations concerning optimization of work of the CFD SES facilities.

Structure of Interaction between the Territorial Agencies and Institutions and Extraterritorial Mobile Complexes in the Course of Prevention and Response to Emergency Situations of Sanitary-Epidemiological Character (by the Example of Universiade, 2013)

The paper provides scientific substantiation for the deployment of auxiliary forces and facilities for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population under mass events with international participation. Identified are the tasks and key areas of the specialized anti-epidemic teams (SAET) of the Rospotrebnadzor activities during the preparation and carrying out of the XXVII World Summer Universiade in Kazan. Reviewed are the aspects of inter-agency cooperation between the network structures and mobile units of sanitary-epidemiological and medical-preventive bias during Universiade, 2013.

Sanitary Protection of the Territories within the Frames of Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare Provision

Demonstrated is the structural and functional interrelation between sanitary protection of the territories, epidemiological monitoring, and the state sanitary-epidemiological surveillance. Sanitary protection of the territories (SPT) of the Russian Federation is a separate focus area authorizing sanitary prophylactic (anti-epidemic) activities, with a self-sustained sub-goal. It combines individual roles appertained to epidemiological monitoring and to federal sanitary-epidemiological surveillance, only in reference to a particular item - emergency situation in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population. Specificity of the SPT is a balance between functionality and capacity of the monitoring, surveillance and control. Legislative and regulatory legal acts, which concern sanitary protection of the territory, provide the means for defining its basic organizational principles: country-wide activities, self-sufficiency and self-support of the Rospotrebnadzor, three-level hierarchical system, and information exchange.

Epidemiological Situation on Vector-Borne Natural-Focal Infections in the Territory of Caucasian Mineral Waters

Represented is the analysis of epidemiological situation on vector-borne natural-focal infections in the specially protected eco-resort territory of Russia - Caucasian Mineral Waters of the Stavropol Region. Climactic peculiarities of Caucasian Mineral Waters with their landscape diversity, high abundance rates of ticks and mosquitoes, and anthropogenic impact on ecosystems create favorable conditions for natural foci formation. Crucial epidemiological significance in the regional infectious pathology is attributed to tick-borne borreliosis. Registration of Crimean hemorrhagic fever cases, as well as West Nile (retrospectively) fever and tularemia cases, and identification of specific antibodies to etiological agents of these infections in blood sera of donors testify to volatile epidemiological situation on vector-borne natural-focal infections in the region, which means that there is a need for further ecological, epidemiological and epizootiological monitoring as a constituent element of epidemiological surveillance aimed at provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population.

Specialized Anti-Epidemic Teams: Past, Present, and Future

Described is SAET concept development, beginning from the point of the establishment in 1963 till present moment. Outlined is the fact that SAETs formation, as derivatives of anti-plague institutions, naturally followed from the historical experience in the sphere of public health provision obtained both in the times of war conflicts and peace-time emergency situations (ES) relief. By the specific examples of SAETs participation in liquidation of ES of sanitary-epidemiological character explored is the process of SAET concept development, and governing principles of its functioning. It is demonstrated that the driving force of SAET framework evolution, providing for changes in functional-structural organization and technical facilities through all the stages in time, has been emerging biological threats. Therewith, SAET concept has been developed based on the analysis of the best practices of deployment and integration of advanced technologies and science achievements. An account has been given of modernization of SAET physical facilities and technological base during 2007-2010. Discussed are the SAETs main areas of activities, functions, and tactics of deployment in the modern period. Put forward are the recent changes in SAET concept evolution and tactics of deployment that are occasioned by the incurrence of new operation line - provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population at mass gatherings with international participation.

Management of Diagnostic Investigations at the Premises of Specialized Anti-Epidemic Team Mobile Complex at the Time of Running Mass Events

Laboratory support of epidemiological surveillance plays a significant role in the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population at the time of preparations to and carrying out public events. Taking into consideration the increment of load upon the laboratory facilities of the Rospotrebnadzor institutions and general medical-and-prophylactic establishments, there emerges a need to deploy specialized anti-epidemic teams. By the example of management of the laboratory investigations in SAET mobile complex during XXVII World-wide Summer Universiade in Kazan, 2013 and G-20 Summit in Saint-Petersburg, 2013 formulated have been the basic principles of organization and algorithms of diagnostic work at the premises of laboratory facilities of SAET mobile unit deployed in order to provide for sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population at the time of running public events.

Management of Activities of the Rospotrebnadzor Institutions in the Khabarovsk Territory with the View to Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare Provision for the Population in the Period of High Water

In order to enhance the surveillance over sanitary-epidemiological situation in the period of flood, 2013 Rospotrebnadzor institutions in the Khabarovsk Territory took anti-epidemic team augmentation, affiliated to Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute. Moreover, forged have been 30 mobile units for investigation of sanitary conditions in the residential areas of the region, water supply and water-consuming facilities, quality of nutrition among the population, living and sanitary conditions in the temporal accommodation sites; 11 mobile groups for sample collecting from ambient environment objects. Carried out has been operational deployment of two laboratory sub-units with the following membership: 5 microbiological, 5 sanitary-chemical, 2 radiological and 1 virusological facilities. By efforts of Rospotrebnadzor institutions performed has been a complex of key sanitary-hygienic, anti-epidemic and prophylactic measures aimed at prevention and control over distribution of mass infectious diseases, at the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population in the Khabarovsk Territory, and the relief of social tension during the period of rainfall floods in August-September, 2013.

Organization of Epidemiological Surveillance and Preventive Measures as Regards Natural-Focal Infections under the Conditions of River Floods

Emergency situation (ES) due to flood, 2013 required enhancement of sanitary-epidemiological surveillance over the natural-focal infections in the devastated territories. Hands-on assistance for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare in the Khabarovsk Region was accomplished by special anti-epidemic team of the Rospotrebnadzor Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East. Inter-agency cooperation and interaction was managed by the Emergency Response Committee, as well as Sanitary-Epidemiological Commission appurtenant to the local administration, and by the Rospotrebnadzor Headquarters in the region. Developed and carried out was a “Plan of action regarding prophylaxis of natural-focal diseases”. Integrated assessment of sanitary-epidemiological and epizootiological situation in the endemic in reference to natural-focal infections municipal entities of the Khabarovsk region made it possible to organize and implement all necessary preventive and anti-epidemic measures aimed at stabilization of epidemiological situation on natural-focal infections.

Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare Provision in the Preparations to and Management of the “G-20” Summit in Saint-Petersburg, 2013. Communication 1. Epidemiological Risks and Core Operations for Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare Provision in the Preparations to the Summit

Established are the basic principles of sanitary-epidemiological welfare provision in the preparations to and managing of the public event by the example of “G-20” Summit. Outlined is the significance and essentiality of epidemiological risk assessment. Specified are the areas of priority as regards anti-epidemic activities in the run-up period. Established is the priority of epidemiological surveillance and laboratory control over the places of residence of participants, caterers and supplying companies, and public catering facilities.

Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare Provision in the Preparations to and Management of the “G-20” Summit in Saint-Petersburg, 2013. Communication 2. Management and Priority Areas of Anti-Epidemic Activities as Regards “G-20”Summit Campaign

Specified are the priority areas as regards anti-epidemic activities relevant to the carrying out of the event itself. Characterized are the factors that require participation of auxiliary force for straightening of laboratory control within the frames of epidemiological surveillance. Justified is the involvement of mobile specialized anti-epidemic teams (SAET) with a view to provision of laboratory control over ambient environment objects for the presence of PBA of the I–II groups of pathogenicity. Discussed is the tactics of SAET mobilization for the provision of mass event support. Outlined is the necessity of application of the state-of-the-art methods for express- and rapid diagnostics within the frames of laboratory support as concerns monitoring activities in the course of the Summit as such.

Assessment of the Potential Epidemic Hazard as Regards International Public Events in Terms of the Currently Important Infectious Diseases

International public events (IPE) present some actual epidemiological problems requiring proper methodological elaboration. In this respect for the first time developed has been the scheme of assessment of their potential epidemic hazard (PEH), based on integrated evaluation of epidemiological risk as regards infectious diseases listed in the IHR (2005). On the cholera model demonstrated is the fact that high priority hazard of public events emerges when those are combined with such elements of epidemiological risk as territory and time of a threat, as well as risk factors and risk contingents. Thus the integral effect of all elements realization is manifested through high probability of infectious disease importation, which is associated with emergency situation, into the public event location and the disturbance of mass gathering progress. Reliability and functionality of the developed scheme is verified on other infections too. PEH assessment procedure allows for timely identification of priority goals, for rating means and capacities, organizational resources, methodological and technological arrays for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare and biological safety when managing public event.

Terminological Issues of Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare Provision Both in Russia and on the Global Scale

Discussed is the build-up of a term “sanitary protection of the territories”. Regardless of commonly accepted definition of sanitation as a discipline that studies issues of public hygiene, sanitary protection of the territories, being for the most part an epidemiological phenomenon and an element of epidemiology, has maintained historically developed attribute “sanitary”. Demonstrated is the fact that variations in interpretation of the terms in the sphere of sanitary protection of the territories in various contexts of international intercourse (WHO and SIC) do not affect general concept of the issue and choice of ways for handling a problem as regards provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population. Objectives and content of the two notions formalized in IHR (2005), – “global epidemiological surveillance” plus “response measures” – predetermine their equivalence (in reference to the situations covered in the document), to the definitions “epidemiological surveillance” plus “sanitary protection”, applied to in the territory of CIS counties.

Evaluation of External and Internal Threats to Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare of the Population in the Context of Mass Sporting Events

Mass gatherings (MGs) always incur some kind of potential hazard associated with incipiency of emergency situations with sanitary-epidemiological bias (ES). Upcoming Universiade (World Student Games) in Kazan (July, 2013) raises an issue of implementation of a unified system of approaches to the effective provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population, taking due account of peculiarities and specific conditions under which the MG will be conducted. Therewith key objective of this study has been formulated as elaboration of the system based on epidemiological assessment of real and potential threats at the MG. Analyzed have been the data on 37 MGs carried out over the period of 25 years since 1987 up to 2012; investigated is epidemiological situation in 170 participating states. Worked out is a scheme of qualitative determination of potential epidemiological threat on the basis of comprehensive assessment of epidemiological risks in the endemic territories of the troubled regions. Distinguished is a complex of measures for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare when managing the Universiade in Kazan heedful of high potential epidemiological hazard of this event.