Supply Of Raw Materials Research Articles

The Impact of Chinas Rapid EV Battery Industry Development on the U.S. Domestic Supply Chain: Challenges and Strategic Responses

The rapid development of China's electric vehicle battery industry has significantly reshaped global battery supply chains, creating both opportunities and challenges for the U.S. domestic supply chain. This essay examines the implications of China's advancements in EV battery production and trade on the U.S. domestic supply chain, focusing on multiple aspects such as raw material sourcing, production costs, research and development, international collaborations, and policy-making expenditures. Through a comprehensive literature review, this essay identifies gaps in existing research. There are limited explorations of possible factors contributing current situation faced by the U.S., potential alternatives to the sustainable approach for battery raw material supply and applicable policies for supporting the U.S. domestic battery supply chain. To bridge the existing literature gap, the analysis delves into key challenges faced by the U.S., including rising production costs and limited technological advancements, and explores potential international partnerships to enhance supply chain resilience. The conclusion synthesizes the findings and emphasizes the importance of essential measures to address these challenges. The suggestions section proposes systematic policies for the U.S. government, emphasizing investment in domestic production, building international partnerships, and developing a diversified and sustainable supply chain to mitigate risks associated with China's growing influence. This essay aims to contribute to the discourse on strategic responses to China's dominance in the EV battery industry and provide some feasible pathways for U.S. to reinforce its core competence in the global battery market.

Sustainable supplier selection and order allocation problem considering the agility and resilience dimensions: a novel multi-stage data-driven decision-making approach

This study focuses on the Supplier Selection and Order Allocation Problem (SSOAP) by considering important dimensions namely agility, resilience, and sustainability. The current article proposes a novel decision-making model to evaluate the performance of the raw material providers (RMPs) and specify the amount of orders. In the first stage, based on the literature and experts, the main aspects and criteria of the research problem are specified. Then, their weights are calculated using the fuzzy Best-Worst Method (BWM). In the next step, the fuzzy Normalized Weighted Sum (NWS) method is employed to compute the score of RMPs. Afterward, a mathematical model is proposed to select the most appropriate RMPs and specify the number of allocated orders. Then, to cope with the uncertainty, a data-driven robust fuzzy programming method is applied. Eventually, a new solution procedure named the Lexicographic Chebyshev Chance Constrained Fuzzy Goal Programming (CCFGP) is proposed to solve the suggested MOM. Results show that ‘Responsiveness’, ‘Cost’, ‘Quality’, ‘Robustness’, and ‘Reliability’ are selected as the most desirable criteria. Moreover, the results confirmed the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed approach. The results can present a perspective to managers on the role of agility, resilience, and sustainability in the SSOAP.

MODEL BISNIS TOKO JAMU KARYA SUBUR

This research aims to analyze the business model of the Jamu Karya Subur Shop using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach. Toko Jamu Karya Subur is a micro and small industry operating in the field of traditional herbal medicine, which has been operating since 2002. This research is motivated by the challenges faced by Toko Jamu Karya Subur, such as limited reach of information to customers and low competitiveness in the digital era. The research method used is qualitative phenomenological, which aims to understand the subjective experiences of owners and customers. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation and documentation. Research subjects consisted of shop owners, franchise partners and customers. The research results show that the Jamu Karya Subur Shop has great potential to develop, but there needs to be innovation in marketing strategy and product development. The analysis results show that key elements in BMC, such as key partners, channels and customer relationships, are the main focus in developing business models. Toko Jamu Karya Subur's key partners include suppliers of herbal raw materials and distribution partners who can help expand the marketing network. The channels currently used are still limited to word of mouth promotion, so it is necessary to develop digital marketing channels to reach wider customers. Apart from that, customer relationships need to be improved through better service and the use of social media as a means of communication with customers. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of the Jamu Karya Subur Shop business model and provides recommendations for other micro and small businesses to pay attention to innovation and marketing strategies in facing competition in the digital era. By implementing BMC, it is hoped that Jamu Karya Subur Shop can increase its competitiveness and expand the market, so that it can continue to contribute to the local economy.

Production and Supply of Raw Materials for Radiometals used in Radionuclide Imaging and Therapy in Korea

Production and Supply of Raw Materials for Radiometals used in Radionuclide Imaging and Therapy in Korea

The New Identity of Alginate Composite with Bentonite as a Sustainable Catalytic Natural-Based Material: Methylene Blue Decolorization in Continuous Flow-Packed-Bed Reactor

Abstrac The new identity of alginate composites with bentonite as sustainable catalytic natural-based material for methylene blue (MB) decolorization in a continuous flow-packed-bed reactor was investigated. The small-scale materials were produced by drop-wise coupled freeze drying with natural organic raw ingredients, namely bentonite and alginate. The decolonization experiments were conducted by manipulating the bed depth, flow rate, and temperature systematically. The evaluation revealed that a substantial 66 mm diameter and a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min were required to attain a high removal effectiveness (99%) of continuous MB-colored dyes at a temperature of 45 °C. Alginate-based composites were very appropriate because of their facile manufacture, cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, renewability, easy separability, absence of secondary pollutants, and ecological benignity. Estimation of the cost and environmental impact of raw material supply and processing were evaluated by using embodied energy and embodied CO2 criteria. The implementation of scale adjustments and material supply was anticipated to result in a reduction of overall expenses. Regarding the environmental impact of the material, the embodied energy values for our alginate-clay production process confirmed that freeze-drying had the highest proportion, similar to cost analysis. In summary, products based on alginate showed potential for effective decolorization in the dye industry. Further research was required to thoroughly assess the technical and commercial viability of these materials, including their unique material properties and appropriate manufacturing methods.

A latent space-based Multivariate Capability Index: A new paradigm for raw material supplier selection in Industry 4.0

A latent space-based Multivariate Capability Index: A new paradigm for raw material supplier selection in Industry 4.0

Implementation of the ANP method to overcome delays panel box raw materials in PT. Agrivito

Choosing raw material suppliers is one of the most crucial elements. If the raw materials supplied by the supplier are of poor quality, this will affect the quality of the product produced. If suppliers are unable to provide raw materials, production schedules will be disrupted and the company will not succeed in achieving its vision. PT. A is a company that produces electrical panel boxes. In making a box, raw materials are needed, namely sheet metal for all parts of the box shape. The raw material system at PT. A experienced problems with delays in raw materials so that the production process did not run smoothly, PT. GC, PT. SSL and PT. SIPA is the supplier that provides the raw material for the plate. This has a direct impact on the smooth production of the company. This research aims to supply raw materials from the three companies smoothly by selecting one company that to supply according to PT's needs. A. The method used in this research is the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. Selection of raw material suppliers involves 6 criteria, 12 sub-criteria, and 3 alternative suppliers. The results of the calculation of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method with the three best alternative suppliers based on the highest weight, PT SIPA obtained sub-criteria scores including ease of negotiation (0.63484), accuracy of quantities (0.63699), meeting sudden requests (0.63699), on-time delivery (0.63699), providing guarantees (0.66942), speed of responding to complaints (0.63699), and ability to respond to requests (0.63699). Meanwhile, PT GC excelled in the sub-criteria of meeting the increasing number of requests (0.73065), payment method (0.37129), free from physical contamination (0.73065), conformity to specifications (0.63699), and ease of communication (0.66942). Meanwhile for PT. SSL does not have the highest sub-criterion

Synergy of supermarket system and human resources in manufacturing industry

This case study explores the supermarket concept to control raw material supplies and improve process flow between departments in the manufacturing industry, PT PI in the Sidoarjo industrial area, East Java province, Indonesia. This research is combination qualitative-quantitative research. Using observations and interviews with employee and management representatives. Use brainstorming to create a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis to find recommended actions and prioritize them. Annual panel data collection to determine safe stock and minimum – maximum stock levels. The research results show that the supermarket concept provides significant improvements to distribution flows, reduces inventory levels by up to 90%, improves production inventory and increases employee maturity, all of these improvements make production more reliable. Many papers only discuss the concept, model and quantity of inventory control but rarely discuss how to apply it in limited conditions (warehouse space, production space, operator behaviour, etc.). This paper suggests several approaches and actions that can provide great benefits regarding the implementation of supermarket systems in the manufacturing industry.

Analisis Kebijakan Dalam Penanganan Dampak Serangan Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) Terhadap Tanaman Acacia sp. pada Hutan Tanaman Industri di PT. ‘XX’ Kalimantan Timur

Acacia sp. is widely cultivated in Indonesia's Industrial Plantation Forests (HTI), but orangutan attacks pose a significant threat to its sustainability. If not addressed, these disturbances can lead to substantial losses in Acacia cultivation, reducing the supply of industrial raw materials and hindering economic opportunities for local communities reliant on HTI development. This research aims to identify effective policy scenarios to mitigate the impact of orangutan attacks while ensuring the protection of these legally safeguarded primates. Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), insights were gathered from five experts through questionnaires and interviews, with data analyzed using Expert Choice 11 software. The research focused on PT. 'XX" Pengadan Village, Karangan District, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan. Based on this research, it was found that a stakeholder commitment approach is vital for managing orangutan interactions. Prioritizing the provision, management, and enrichment of conservation areas can help minimize attacks and support both orangutan conservation and the sustainability of Acacia sp. plantations. This balanced strategy aims to secure habitats for orangutans while safeguarding local livelihoods and promoting sustainable HTI practices.

Revisited and Revalorised: Technological and Refitting Studies at the Middle Stone Age Open-Air Knapping Site Jojosi 1 (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)

The Middle Stone Age (MSA) of southern Africa is mainly known from rock shelters and caves. How early modern humans interacted with their landscapes remains comparatively understudied. The site of Jojosi 1, situated north of Nquthu in north central KwaZulu-Natal, is set within erosional badlands known locally as ‘dongas’. This locality offers a rare opportunity to study MSA technology and settlement dynamics in an open-air context. G. Botha initially discovered Jojosi 1 in 1991. He brought it to A. Mazel’s attention who excavated the site in the same year, but did not publish the lithic assemblage. Here, we report on the site’s rediscovery coupled with the first lithic analysis and luminescence dating. This work provides insights into the site formation processes of Jojosi 1 and lithic reduction strategies, raw material provisioning, and landscape use. Our techno-typological analysis draws upon Mazel’s collection of 7529 artefacts, combining attribute analysis and refitting studies. The results show the exclusive use of hornfels and its reduction via platform cores and Levallois methods to produce flakes and blades. Retouched tools are scarce and comprise mostly notched or denticulate pieces but lack backed tools, unifacial, and bifacial points. The museum collection features abundant small debitage and a strong component of cortical, initial stage, and core preparation flakes. The 48 refitted artefacts and ample small debitage in a spatially constricted band suggest high assemblage integrity with minimal post-depositional disturbance. Infrared stimulated luminescence dating of coarse grain feldspars brackets the archaeological occurrence to ~ 139–106 ka. Comparisons with contemporary lithic assemblages link the assemblage to the early MSA in southern Africa. We interpret Jojosi 1 as a knapping event aimed at blank production and exploitation of local high-quality hornfels. With little evidence for other behaviours, the site likely reflects a short-term knapping workshop on a source of abundant hornfels slabs. Our ongoing excavations in the Jojosi Dongas will be able to test this hypothesis and will work to characterise the technological adaptations and settlement dynamics of the MSA hunter-gatherers in this area.

Comparative Performance of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-9 Data for Raw Materials’ Exploration Onshore and in Coastal Areas

The demand for Critical Raw Materials (CRM) is increasing due to the need to decarbonize economies and transition to a sustainable low-carbon future achieving climate goals. To address this, the European Union is investing in the discovery of new mineral deposits within its territory. The S34I project (Secure and Sustainable Supply of Raw Materials for EU Industry) is developing Earth observation (EO) methods to support this goal. This study compares the performance of two satellites, Sentinel-2 and Landsat-9, for mineral exploration in two geologically distinct areas in northern Spain. The first area, Ria de Vigo, contains marine placer deposits of heavy minerals, while the second, Aramo, hosts Co-Ni epithermal deposits. These sites provide exceptional case studies to improve EO-based methods for CRM exploration onshore and coastal regions, focusing on deposits often overlooked in remote sensing studies. Standard remote sensing methods such as RGB combinations, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and band ratios were adapted and compared for both satellites. The results showed similar performance in the Ria de Vigo area, but Sentinel-2 performed better in Aramo, identifying a higher number of zones of mineral alterations. The study highlights the advantages of Sentinel-2’s higher spatial resolution, especially for mapping smaller or more scattered mineral deposits. These findings suggest that Sentinel-2 could play a larger role in mineral exploration. This research provides valuable insights into using EO data for diverse CRM deposits.

Pengaruh Persediaan Bahan Baku dan Tenaga Kerja terhadap Target Produksi

The background of this study is fluctuations in production targets, due to the problem of raw material supply and labor at PT Tirta Gracia Semesta Mandiri, Bandung Regency which affects the production target. This research aims to determine the effect of raw material and labor supplies on production targets simultaneously and partially at PT Tirta Gracia Semesta Mandiri, Bandung Regency. Type of quantitative research using associative methods. The data used is primary data. Collection techniques through questionnaires, observations and interviews with employees of the companies studied. The population is all production employees at PT Tirta Gracia Semesta Mandiri, totaling 24 people with a sample of 24 people. Research results at PT Tirta Gracia Semesta Mandiri show that there is a significant influence between Raw Material Inventory on production targets of 14.5% for the R^2 test, with t test results where the t_count>t_table value (1.934 > 1.321) means that H_1 is accepted, there is a significant influence between Labor on Production Targets of 61.4% for the R^2 test, with t test results where the t_count > t_table value (5.917 > 1.321) means that H_1 is accepted, and simultaneously there is a significant influence between the supply of raw materials and labor on the production target of 61.8% for the R^2 test, with the F test results where the value of F_count > F_table (16.974 > 3 .44).

Domestikasi Tumbuhan Bemban (Donax Canniformis) Untuk Keberlanjutan Usaha Kerajinan Bili Di Desa Lampanah Tunong, Aceh Besar

The bemban plant (Donax canniformis) has important meaning for the community in Lampanah Tunong Village, Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar Regency. Together with 4 (four) other villages around it, this village has become a center for woven bemban crafts with production products that are typical superior products for Aceh Besar Regency. Apart from supporting the development of the tourism sector and creative industry, this woven bemban craft product has been able to improve the economy and welfare of the local community. The lack of implementation of the concept of sustainable development (sustainable development) has resulted in vulnerability to the continuity of this highly prospective business. The provision of raw materials that completely relies on availability in nature has resulted in the increasingly extinct population of burden plants. The rate of handicraft production which is not commensurate with the ability of natural plant reproduction has caused the community to have to bring in raw materials from outside the village. This of course has an impact on increasing production costs and reducing opportunities for profits. Without systematic and strategic efforts, it is feared that availability from outside the village will also threaten its sustainability. To overcome this, the Service Team offers a concrete solution in the form of domestication efforts by transforming wild bemban plants into cultivated bemban plants through the introduction of cultivation techniques, nurseries and cultivation demonstration plots as well as improving and developing marketing techniques through product diversification and the use of digital marketing. The methods used include: counseling/tutorials and direct practice in the field with stages consisting of: preparation, coordination, implementation, coaching, and trials/evaluation. Through this service activity, it is hoped that the sustainability of the bemban woven craft business will be realized (SDGs 11), increase economic growth (SDGs 8), reduce poverty (SDGs 1) and improve the welfare (SDGs 3) of the community, especially partner craftsmen (SDGs 17).

Comprehensive Analysis of Design Trends in Scattered Power Systems Utilizing Hydrogen as the Power Carrier

In this paper, the technological applications of hydrogen in the distributed energy systems are explored and various technological solutions such as gasification units, fuel cells, electrolyzers, hydrogen storage methods and methanation reforming reactors are analyzed. The study shows that electrolysis and fuel cells are widely recognized as the preferred technologies for incorporating hydrogen into energy systems, with alkaline electrolyzers in particular being favored for their greater capacity and technological advantages. Besides, research on hydrogen storage has focused on gas storage methods, as liquefied hydrogen requires great economic and energy inputs at low temperatures and high pressures. End uses of hydrogen include hybrid fuels, storage media and industrial raw materials. The results show that the widespread use of hydrogen energy storage is a direct result of the integration of renewable resources and indicate the potential of distributed energy systems for the sustainable provision of transportation fuels and raw materials. In addition, it analyzes a systematic assessment of hydrogen as an energy source, focusing on economic, technological, and environmental issues, noting that about 80% of the studies focus on economic factors, and emphasizes the importance of establishing an integrated framework to facilitate the application of hydrogen technology

Discussion on the Relation Between Carbon Emissions and Solid Waste Management to Develop a Sustainable Business Model

ABSTRACTIncreasing environmental issues, such as climate change and industrial waste management, have been putting pressure on developing novel and efficient solutions. Besides, global population increase is another increasing challenge for humanity in terms of adequate and secure food supply. The Merseburg process, the conversion reaction of gypsum with ammonium carbonate to yield ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate, offers dual advantages against global warming and solid waste management issues. Another advantage of the process is the production of ammonium sulfate, an agriculturally valuable fertilizer. Utilization of the Merseburg process would be strategically important since it provides both consumption of phosphogypsum and low‐cost raw material supply for ammonium sulfate production together with carbon dioxide consumption. This mini‐review gives a detailed discussion of semi‐batch ammonium carbonate production, followed by gypsum conversion, which can be an alternative operation and feed strategy for the Merseburg process conducted as a ternary‐multiphase reaction system. The paper also provides the discussion of an alternative resource utilization route for phosphogypsum, including CO2 sequestration and low‐cost ammonium sulfate production.

Kontribusi Politik Ekonomi Pertanian dalam Penyediaan Bahan Baku Halal di Indonesia

The agricultural sector is a vital component of a nation's economy as it provides food supplies and serves as a source of livelihood for millions of people. In the context of Indonesia, with its predominantly Muslim population, the significance of the agricultural sector has grown alongside the increasing demand for halal raw materials. However, the implementation of agricultural political economy policies to support the provision of halal raw materials faces several challenges, including farmers' lack of understanding of halal standards, dependence on imported raw materials, and limited infrastructure and technology. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research methods to analyze the contribution of agricultural political economy policies in supporting the provision of halal raw materials, including identifying relevant challenges and solutions. The findings reveal that policies such as agricultural land protection, fertilizer subsidies, and the development of halal industrial zones have provided a robust foundation for establishing a halal agricultural ecosystem. Nonetheless, strategic measures, such as educating farmers, enhancing local production, and investing in modern technology, remain necessary to overcome the existing obstacles. This study concludes that adaptive and inclusive agricultural political economy policies can strengthen the role of the agricultural sector in sustainably supporting the availability of halal raw materials while simultaneously enhancing the competitiveness of Indonesia's halal products in global markets.

System process documentation of processing of moringa leaves into moringa powder

Moringa oleifera, commonly known as malunggay, has a high nutritional and medicinal value. With these, the global market for moringa ingredients is increasing because of the change to a more essential or healthy lifestyle. The moringa leaves are highly perishable to maintain their quality. This study shows several processing techniques for dried moringa leaves. Furthermore, the study examined the material balance of 25kg of freshly harvested moringa leaves. The weight increased by 4% in the initial washing and 29% in the secondary washing due to the leaves’ water absorption capacity. Spin dryer removal was 42%, while mechanical dryer removal was 23%. The study achieved 10% material recovery from harvest to packaging. As a result of the study, one of the major issues for moringa processing is its high investment costs, with a total equipment cost of Php 1,398,355.00, and its labor intensiveness, particularly in the destemming procedure (5 kg per hour). The lack of moringa plantations is one of the constraints for establishing the processing, as this will hamper the operation. As a recommendation, increasing moringa leaves for a stable supply of raw materials or establishing a small-scale processing facility for lower investment costs.

Pendekatan SWOT dalam Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Keripik Kentang Bakti Rizky di Kota Padang (Meningkatkan Daya Saing Wilayah melalui Teknologi Pemasaran)

This research aims to analyze internal and external factors that affect the development of the potato chip business and formulate a strategy that can improve its performance. This research was conducted on February 16, 2024-March 16, 2024. This qualitative research uses case study observation and interview methods. Qualitative analysis will be done by describing the conditions and explaining the facts in the Bakti Rizky potato chip business in Padang City and the right strategy for the Bakti Rizky potato chip business. Quantitative analysis in this study is the calculation of IFE, EFE, and QSPM. The results showed that the strategic internal environment of Bakti Rizky's potato chip business in Padang City had strengths and weaknesses. In the external environment, namely opportunities and threats. The results of strategy formulation with SWOT analysis are as follows: (1) Maintaining affordable selling prices for all groups and increasing business scale through increasing production volumes accompanied by expanding product marketing by utilizing more modern technology (2) Increasing marketing efforts by utilizing information technology and cooperating with related agencies for training, promotion, packaging design, exhibitions and improving product quality through modern processing (3) Cooperate with raw material suppliers and increase consumer confidence by maintaining quality raw materials, despite the increase in raw material prices (4) Make product innovations in the form of attractive packaging and flavor variations such as spicy and cheese flavors to increase public buying interest and differentiate from competitors. The results of the QSPM analysis, which is a priority strategy, are increasing marketing efforts by utilizing information technology and collaborating with related agencies for training, promotion, packaging design, exhibitions, and improving product quality through modern processing.

Application of Bamboo Products for Green Interior

Purpose: Bamboo is not widely accepted in Ghanaian society, as most people frown at its products and do not know the abundant eco-friendly aesthetic products obtained from it. The research aims to investigate the comprehensive application of bamboo products in green interior design, focusing on sustainability. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed a cross-sectional research design to investigate the sustainability and marketability of bamboo and bio-based products in the interior design sector. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect data using a structured questionnaire developed specifically for this study to gather information on the demographic profile of artisans, the quality and use of bamboo products, levels of patronage, and competition with imported goods. Findings: Innovative strategies, including eco-design, product life extension, and sustainable materials utilisation, have been identified as important factors in defining the contributions that bamboo products can make to broadening the sources of materials needed in the interior. Research Limitation: Research confined to specific climate zones. Limited long-term performance data for bamboo products in interior applications. Practical Implication: Advocacy for the patronage of more bamboo products leads to carbon sequestration, a means of achieving net zero (of carbon emissions) by 2050, the worldwide dream. This will result in low carbon emissions and reduced global warming and its antecedence. Social Implication: Exposure of bamboo products to consumers enhances the marketability of the products, leading to more job creation, financial enhancement, and improved livelihood. Policymakers will, therefore, have to devise a strategy to ensure the continual supply of raw materials that will not endanger the ecosystem. Establishing bamboo plantations will result in re-afforestation, and marketing the harvested bamboo will eliminate rural poverty. This will lead to the achievement of the SDG 1. Originality/ Value: This study aims to enhance the patronage of our Indigenous bio-based handicraft products from bamboo by architects and interior designers to curtail our carbon footprints through enhanced carbon sequestration.

The Influence of Raw Material Supply Chain Management on the Performance of Sugar Palm SMEs at CV. Mitra Mandala

The Influence of Raw Material Supply Chain Management on the Performance of Sugar Palm SMEs at CV. Mitra Mandala