Provision Of Public Green Spaces Research Articles

Analysis of Provision of Green Open Space in Jambi City

Environment through the provision of parks and green open spaces (RTH), is carried out area and number of residents spread across the Jambi. urban areas is very necessary. Parks are needed to maintain land availability, as water catchment areas, which can play a role in helping water absorption, so that the supply of water in the ground (water saving) increases and reduces the potential for flooding, by reducing the amount of water runoff. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with research from the Jambi City Statistics Center (BPS). The research was carried out in the Administrative Region of Jambi City. The results of the analysis provision of public green space based on the area need for public green open space in Jambi City is 3,617.50 ha. The available public open space area is around 779.02 ha. Based on these results, there is a difference in the area of 2,838.48 ha, and the provision of public green open space based on population according to Minister of Public Works Regulation Number. 5 of 2008 it can be seen that the need for a park area in Jambi City is 1,243.70 ha. The available garden area is approximately 188,388.27 m2 or 18.84 ha. Based on these results, there is a difference in area shortage of 1,224.86 ha. Jambi City over the past 13 years (2020-2033) Some strategies Increasing the area of public open space in fulfilling intrinsic and extrinsic functions, socializing the availability of green space functions for life and the environment and Spatial planning that is equal to 20% for public open space from the total area of the city. The area of green open space in Jambi City is only 779.02 ha and is very far from the area of Jambi City which is ± 20,538 ha.

The impact of power-geometry in participatory planning on urban greening

Public participation in land-use planning has long been considered beneficial to the urban environment by involving different stakeholders in decision-making. Through participation, the question of how to improve the provision of public Green Space in urban development has been discussed in many research studies, especially in cities undergoing densification; yet the Arnstein gaps between the desired and actual levels of citizen participation, as well as the insufficient green space provision, are problems still apparent, and thus worth deeper investigation. Focusing on power-geometry in participatory planning, this study aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of citizen participation on green-space planning from an agent-based perspective. It introduces a methodology of Pre- and Post-Participation Evaluation through dissecting the participation process, evaluating the outcome and its effects, and illustrating the power-geometry behind the decision-making. A participatory planning case of a new development in Hong Kong is then analysed using the proposed methodology. The results suggest that the Arnstein gap can seldom be filled in cases where there are divergent interests and differentiated power, whereas the prioritization of environmental goals is the key to success in greener planning. The study not only contributes a methodology to connect the participatory process to planning outcomes, but it also demonstrates the useful role played by directional power-geometry. This enhances an understanding of the pathways to improve the effectiveness of participatory planning through collaboration and consensus building.

How densely populated and green are the places we live in? A study of the ten largest US cities

Planners intervening on population density and green space provision to improve the livability of a city should have a deep knowledge about how the two vary throughout it. This paper presents a study conducted in the ten largest US cities to understand what are the conditions of density, public green space provision and greenery provision experienced by their inhabitants, and how these variables are related to each other. Based on 2010 census data, park area shapefiles and high-resolution orthophotos, the three variables were assessed by means of neighborhood operations on 1-m raster files as the number of people, extent of park space and extent of other greenery within a 500-m buffer around each pixel. Results show that only in New York, Chicago and Philadelphia a significant share of the population lives at relatively high densities (>6000 people km−2) and enjoys an adequate provision of public green space (more than 5% of the buffer area). The provision of other greenery is very high (>40%) for most people, especially in the Sun Belt cities, where density is low and the provision of public green space minimal for many. Density and green space provision are generally uncorrelated or weakly negatively correlated, whereas a moderately negative correlation is observed between density and greenery as well as between public green space provision and the provision of other greenery. Future studies should investigate the quality and accessibility of green space in greater detail.

Public green spaces and positive mental health – investigating the relationship between access, quantity and types of parks and mental wellbeing

Associations between parks and mental health have typically been investigated in relation to the presence or absence of mental illness. This study uses a validated measure of positive mental health and data from RESIDential Environments (RESIDE) Project to investigate the association between the presence, amount and attributes of public green space in new greenfield neighbourhood developments and the mental health of local residents (n = 492). Both the overall number and total area of public green spaces were significantly associated with greater mental wellbeing, and findings support a dose-response relationship. Positive mental health was not only associated with parks with a nature focus, but also with green spaces characterised by recreational and sporting activity. The study demonstrates that adequate provision of public green space in local neighbourhoods and within walking distance is important for positive mental health.

Review of Strategies for Thermal Efficiency in Landscape Planning of Cities for Conservation of Energy and Enhanced Climatic Resilience to Urban Warming

Thermal discomfort, increased energy consumption, and heat related stress are some of the most prominent consequences of urban warming. Instances of heat related deaths have been reported; the elderly and the poor remain especially vulnerable. Urban greening has often been cited as an economically efficient method for inducing ambient cooling. Consequently, increased impetus is given to provision of public green spaces. However, a general increase in urban green cover especially in the form of parks and green spaces may be inadequate to achieve desired results. This article serves to highlight the thermal heterogeneity of landcape elements and stresses on the need for strategic shade provision. The originality of this study lies in the fact that it provides a comparative review of energy conservation potential of public and private green spaces. It is found that large parks may not have substantial cooling effect on the indoor built environment. Moreover, people tend to spend more time indoors than outdoors. Thus the need for greening of private areas has become an undeniable climatic necessity. The potential of shade trees, green walls, and roof gardens for cooling of built environment are discussed with quantitative evidences of their thermal and economic benefits. Parameters incurring cost expenditure and weaknesses of the greening strategies are enumerated for enabling prudent selection/implementation of strategies. Proposals are generated to improve climatic resilience to urban warming and for diligent planning of cities.

TINGKAT KESESUAIAN RUANG PUBLIK DENGAN KONSEP LIVABLE CITY DI KOTA SURAKARTA

<div align="center"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="518"><p><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong><em> Development of the urban population in Indonesia that growing rapidly these days, of course will cause impacts for the city itself, including in terms of environmental degradation. Therefore, society needs of a comfortable and livable city is getting higher, which is known as the concept of livable city. One of the key principles of the concept of livable city is the availability of public space as a place to socialize and interact. Surakarta, within 5 (five) years, being actively promote provision of public green space, as one of the public space, as evidenced by the increase of public green space area 23,16% in 2016. In a study titled Indonesia Most Livable City Index, Surakarta has a livable city index reached 69,38% above the national average. The problem in this research is how the level of conformity of the public space in Surakarta with the concept of livable city? This study aims to determine the level of conformity of the public space in Surakarta with the concept of livable city, which covers several aspects, including: availability, coverage, accessibility, comfort, amenity, and supporting activity. The method in this study using deductive research approach and scoring analysis technique. Based on the analysis, it can be seen that the level of conformity of the public space in Surakarta with the concept of livable city included into the category of medium-level conformity. Nonetheless, it needs improvement in some aspects of public space in Surakarta whose value is still low, in order to realize the public space in Surakarta according to the concept of livable city.</em></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="518"><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="518"><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>level of conformity, public space, livable city, scoring analysis</em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

Strategic interaction in municipal governments' provision of public green spaces: A dynamic spatial panel data analysis in transitional China

A wide range of benefits can be provided by urban green spaces to enhance urban dwellers' social, economic and environmental welfare, and secure urban ecosystem resilience. With the increasing recognition of these benefits, municipal governments might provide urban public green spaces (UPGS) in a strategic manner to upgrade local landscape amenities so as to make their cities more attractive compared with their neighbors and boost economic growth. Based on a panel dataset of China's cities at the prefecture-level and above over the period of 2002 to 2014, this study explores the strategic interaction amongst municipal governments in providing green spaces for the general public. A novel and powerful econometric tool, the dynamic spatial Durbin model with city and time-period fixed effects, is applied to test for spatial interaction effects. The results depict a confirmative picture of the strategic interactions amongst China's municipal governments. Specifically, cities tend to mimic their neighbors and provide more UPGS as a response to the increase of UPGS provision in their neighboring cities across the whole country. Economic development, average income level, urban population growth, and urban land availability exhibit strong positive direct effects on UPGS provision in a short time-span, suggesting that municipal governments' decisions regarding UPGS provision tend to be myopic. Regional variations indicate that municipal governments in the eastern and central regions are actively involved in strategic interaction in providing UPGS, while those in the western region are not. The results illustrate that UPGS provision serves as a metric for evaluating local officials' performance complementary to the overwhelmingly-believed economic-performance based political competition, which reasonably benefits urban residents' environmental welfare in transitional China. However, a general lack of far-sighted greening perspective and inter-city synergy might engender some risks regarding the long-term resilience and stability of urban ecosystems and broad social efficiency. This study sheds light on the co-evolutionary dynamics of social and bio-physical systems, and specifically provides a scientific basis for region-specific policy making to achieve socially optimal UPGS provision in China.

Producing nature for public: Land-based urbanization and provision of public green spaces in China

The landscapes and infrastructures of cities have long been viewed as products of human–nature interaction. This paper sheds new light on how a critical constituent of urban landscape and infrastructure, urban public green spaces, has been produced in China's ongoing profound urbanization process. Over the past decade, China's urbanization has been characterized by a land-based pattern centered on the commercialization and capitalization of urban land induced by the decentralization of state power. The non-budgetary revenues generated from urban land leasing hold the promise to empower local governments' fiscal capacity and flexibility in financing various urban infrastructures aiming to enhance local amenities and attract external investment. This paper investigates the impact of land-based urbanization on the provision of urban public green spaces, an integrated part of urban public infrastructure, using panel data across 285 Chinese prefecture cities from 2002 to 2009. The results reveal a negative relationship between the reliance on land finance and the amount of urban public green spaces, indicating that local governments' pursuit of maximizing land lease revenue will not be able to finance more public green spaces, and may even cause the loss of public green spaces. The regional variations amongst the eastern-coastal, central, and western cities confirm that an initially positive relationship between land finance and the provision of urban public green spaces at the early stage of development would reverse to a negative relationship with the increasing pace of urbanization and economic development, which may lead to a social inequity pertaining to public accessibility to urban green spaces. A balance amongst economic growth, environmental concerns, and social equity is very much needed in the quest for sustainable development.

Public Greenspace and Life Satisfaction in Urban Australia

This paper examines the influence of public greenspace on the life satisfaction of residents of Australia’s capital cities. A positive relationship is found between the percentage of public greenspace in a resident’s local area and their self-reported life satisfaction, on average corresponding to an implicit willingness-to-pay of $1172 in annual household income for a 1 per cent (143 square metres) increase in public greenspace. Additional results suggest that the value of greenspace increases with population density and that lone parents and the less educated benefit to a greater extent from the provision of public greenspace than the general population. In all, these results support existing evidence that public greenspace is welfare enhancing for urban residents and adequate allowance should be made for its provision when planning urban areas.