Provision Of Information Services Research Articles

Agricultural Information Needs and Resources of Smallholder Sugarcane Farmers in Swaziland

Abstract The sugar industry is the dominant agricultural sector in Swaziland’s economy, contributing significantly to the gross domestic product. Provision of relevant and timely information to smallholder sugarcane farmers is crucial for them to have a competitive footing with large-scale counterparts and reduce poverty. However, there is limited literature on the information needs and the kind of information communication resources that could make the dissemination of information to farmers efficient and effective. This study thus aims to investigate the information needs and resources of smallholder sugarcane farmers in Swaziland to inform the provision of information services in the sugar industry. It was underpinned by a positivist paradigm and used the survey research method complemented by methodological triangulation to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Data was collected using survey questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, with 168 responses and six interviews conducted. The findings revealed that 71 % of information needs of farmers were primarily in legislative compliance, sugarcane crop husbandry, markets and transport, and financial advice information, however, there were no statistically significant differences between the three mill groups in information needs. The smallholder sugarcane farmers also mostly obtained agricultural information through extension officers, farmer groups, and mobile phones, indicating that required information was mainly accessed through face-to-face interactions. The empirical findings of the study have implications for practice, policy, and theory with respect to guiding the implementation of agricultural information services by information providers in the context of rural farmers in developing countries.

Foot and ankle problems in children and young people: a population-based cohort study.

The aim of this research was to describe the epidemiology, presentation and healthcare use in primary care for foot and ankle problems in children and young people (CYP) across England. We undertook a population-based cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database, a database of anonymised electronic health records from general practices across England. Data was accessed for allCYP aged 0-18 years presenting to their general practitioner between January 2015 and December 2021 with a foot and/or ankle problem. Consultation rates were calculated and used to estimate numbers of consultations in an average practice. Hierarchical Poisson regression estimated relative rates of consultations across sociodemographic groups and logistic regression evaluated factors associated with repeat consultations. A total of 416,137 patients had 687,753 foot and ankle events, of which the majority were categorised as "musculoskeletal" (34%) and "unspecified pain" (21%). Rates peaked at 601 consultations per 10,000 patient-years among males aged 10-14 years in 2018. An average practice might observe 132 (95% CI 110 to 155) consultations annually. Odds for repeat consultations were higher among those with pre-existing diagnoses including juvenile arthritis (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.03). Conclusions: Consultations for foot and ankleproblems were high among CYP, particularly males aged 10 to 14 years. These data can inform service provision to ensure CYP access appropriate health professionals for accurate diagnosis and treatment. What is Known: • Foot and ankle problems can have considerable impact on health-related quality of life in children and young people (CYP). • There is limited data describing the nature and frequency of foot and ankle problems in CYP. What is New: • Foot and ankle consultations were higher in English general practice among CYP aged 10 to 14 years compared to other age groups, and higher among males compared to females. • The high proportion of unspecified diagnoses and repeat consultations suggests there is need for greater integration between general practice and allied health professionals in community-based healthcare settings.

Dismissive attitudes and affirmative journeys: Parental perspectives on the mental health support of gender diverse children

Transgender/gender diverse (TGD) children experience poorer mental health and social outcomes than those who do not identify as TGD (Smith et al., 2014; Geist et al., 2019), including increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation (Haas et al., 2011; VanBergen & Love, 2022). Research has linked these poor outcomes to the micro-aggressions and dismissive attitudes of their families, communities and wider society (Brooks, 2000; Ryan et al., 2010). This service evaluation used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) with a small number of purposively sampled parents (n = 5) to explore experiences of their children’s involvement with CAMHS (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services). The aim was to add to the understanding we have of the needs of TGD client groups and to inform service provision. This study supports the wider research base linking affirmative attitudes to more positive mental health outcomes, and adds additional nuance to our understandings of parental attitudes. Parents are not typically polarised in ‘affirmative’ or ‘dismissive’ positions, but rather engaged in journeys of personal growth and development, generally becoming more affirmative over time. These parents also described significant additional support needs with social deprivation, family breakdown and the impact of developmental difference highlighted. Recommendations for intervention are made.

Experiences, purposes, satisfaction and missing library services as predictors of library information services provision: A case study

This study examined the experiences, purposes, satisfaction and missing library services towards quality library information service provisions. The study adopted a quantitative approach and a case study research design. The study involved 80 respondents at the Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy (MNMA) library. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and the descriptive analysis was performed with the aid of the SPSS version 20 computer program. Findings revealed that the majority, 61 (76.3%), had more than 1 year of experience. In comparison, 19 (23.8%) had less than 1 year of library services experience. Friendly infrastructures, looking for research support from librarians, reading books and looking for a quiet environment were the highly cited purposes of patrons visiting the library. The study further revealed that the majority, 87.5% of the respondents, are satisfied with the library services offered, while 12.5% are not satisfied. Regarding the missing services, the study revealed that Internet/Wi-Fi, Inadequate books and Computers are the critical services that need urgent improvement. Based on the study findings, the study recommends investment in the education and training of library staff members to enhance their capacities to welcome customers, conduct training sessions, and provide first-rate customer service.

Public interest in the field of state border protection

It was determined that the complexity and multifacetedness of «public interest» causes its various expression and characteristics, in particular: the satisfaction of public interest is laid at the basis of the activity of public authorities, or is even the goal of implementing the tasks (functions) of the executive authority; the goal to be achieved by the public administration; an integral component of administrative and legal relations; relations formed in the field of public administration are aimed at ensuring the public interest. This state of affairs emphasizes the inextricable interrelationship of the performance of the tasks assigned by law to public administration bodies (including the State Border Service of Ukraine), whose activities are aimed at satisfying public interests.
 It is emphasized that the concept of «public interest» is not sufficiently defined in regulatory and legal acts and legal doctrine. In particular, the definition of «public interest» in the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure» reveals the subject structure, but its substantive and quantitative aspect remains unclear.
 Taking into account the subject of the study, the position of scientists is supported, who do not focus on the quantitative composition of persons (significant or large number), whose interests are needed by satisfactory subjects of public administration, and it is emphasized that officials of the State Border Service of Ukraine as a subject of public administration should to satisfy any interests of individuals or legal entities, regardless of their number, if they (interests) by content and character are in the realm of the exercise of their public powers.
 It has been established that the public interest in the field of state border protection, the implementation of which is ensured by the State Border Service of Ukraine, is not only the safety, inviolability of the state border line and other related monitoring, preventive, preventive activities, but also the individual interests of private individuals, in particular regarding the crossing of the state border and the provision of information services (requests for public information, citizens' appeals, granting of permission to stay in the border zone, etc.), the provision of which activities can be defined as service.

Factors that influence stress in caregivers of 5-year-old children with hearing loss wearing hearing aids or cochlear implants

ObjectiveStress levels among caregivers of children with hearing loss could influence caregiver-child interactions and ultimately, children's developmental outcomes. Given the limited understanding of stress levels among caregivers of Australian children with hearing loss, the present study aimed to examine stress in caregivers of 5-year-old children with hearing loss wearing hearing aids or cochlear implants and to identify factors associated with greater stress levels. MethodsA total of 99 caregivers of 70 hearing aid users and 29 cochlear implant users participated in the study. Caregivers' stress was measured using the 68-item Pediatric Hearing Impairment Caregiver Experience (PHICE) questionnaire that examines caregivers’ context-specific stress levels in relation to caring for a child with hearing loss. Factors contributing to stress were identified in relation to eight domains including communication, education, emotional well-being, equipment, financial, healthcare, social, and support. ResultsAcross domains, the three most common predictors of increased stress were the use of cochlear implants over hearing aids, use of sign and oral language (mixed) over oral language as the communication mode at home, and increased behavioural difficulties of the child. ConclusionOverall, reported stress levels among Australian caregivers were low. Identified factors influencing stress levels can inform service provision improvement.

Use of ICT and the Application of E-Governance Strategies in Service Delivery by Local Councils in Cameroon: The Case of Local Councils in the Bamenda Municipality

The increasing use of information and communication technology (ICT) by Cameroonians has brought changes in citizen's needs and demands and has raised expectations on how services should be provided. Citizens need to carry out transactions (transactional services) conveniently and obtain accessible, reliable, and sustainable information (information services) from their local government. Unfortunately, this is still far from the reality in some selected local councils in Cameroon, given that they use ICT mainly for administrative and not service delivery purposes. Therefore, this paper's main objective is to establish a link between ICT usage and the empowerment of local councils in the application of e-governance strategies for information and transaction services delivery. The theoretical framework used in the paper included Technology Acceptance, Wider Dissemination, and e-governance Models. The stratified purposive and systematic random sampling techniques were employed to obtain needed data from the Bamenda I, II, and III municipalities in the North West Region. The findings of this paper revealed that a significant number of local councils are already using their ICTs to provide information services. However, none of them so far are using ICT for transactional service delivery purposes. Also, we observed a gap between citizen expectations and local council provision of information and transactional services. This paper found that the use of ICT to apply e-governance strategies would improve local council service delivery in terms of accessibility to information by citizens and sustainability of council information services, also promote transparency in transactions between the council and the citizens, and ease transactions between citizens and local councils in terms of time and cost. Thus, this paper recommends that local councils digitalize manual service delivery processes through their operational IT units. Also, for the Cameroon government to achieve the goals stated in the NDS30 Plan for a Digital Cameroon, it must consider effectively involving local councils in the national digitalization initiatives. This can be done by encouraging them to adapt their information and transactional service delivery procedures to more ICT-based strategies despite the challenges involved.

Pengaruh Kepercayaan dan Kemudahan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Menggunakan Metode Pembayaran Shopeepay di Kota Palembang

E-commerce is an online channel that can be reached by a person through computer services and is used by business people in carrying out their business activities, e-commerce can also be used by consumers to obtain information using the help of smart phones by providing information services to consumers in making choices. In the development of the era, humans will always follow developments, such as in electronic money such as Shoopepay which is used in various transactions. This research discusses the people of Palembang city in using e-wallet shoopepay as seen from the convenience and trust in purchasing decisions, with the primary method or by observation or questionnaire distribution interviews of 100 respondents where the results will be collected then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of this study showed that as many as 15 question indicators were declared valid. Besides that, the variables of trust and convenience have a significant influence on purchasing decisions in a positive direction, this means that the people of Palembang city will increase purchases based on the convenience and trust provided by the application/electronic wallet, the Shoopepay e-wallet.

Optimizing University Libraries in Palangkaraya City as a Supporting Facility for Independent Campuses

Background: Libraries play an essential role by meeting students' needs, offering a variety of library resources, facilitating access to study spaces, managing lending services, and providing information services. Kampus Merdeka is a support and effort to encourage students to obtain a variety of helpful information for their future job prospects. Purpose: This study aims to know extend on how to optimize libraries to facilitate independent campuses. Design and methods: This article uses a qualitative descriptive methodology, utilizing library reference materials as the primary means of data collection and analysis. According to Sugiyono (2018), qualitative research methods are research methods based on philosophy, which are used to research scientific conditions (experiments) where the researcher is the instrument, data collection techniques, and qualitative analysis emphasize meaning. Results: The role of libraries is in line with the government's program for national education, as stated in Law No. 2 of 2003, which states that education is a conscious and planned effort to realize the teaching and learning process so that students actively develop their potential. Optimizing university libraries in the city of Palangkaraya by utilizing information technology can be used as a means of supporting independent campuses to utilize library resources. Steps that university libraries can take to optimize libraries include: 1) Optimizing the use of information technology and 2) Promotion of libraries by utilizing websites and social media networks to improve service quality. Librarians should strive to facilitate as many opportunities as possible for students to develop into competent individuals.

Locked down-locked in: experiences of families of young children with autism spectrum disorders in Delhi, India.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns in March 2020 disrupted the lives of families across India. The lockdown related restrictions brought forth a multitude of challenges including loss of employment, social isolation, school closures and financial burdens. Specifically, it also resulted in the restriction of health-care services for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. This qualitative study was conducted as a part of a larger trial in India to understand the experiences of families of young children with autism during the pandemic. In-depth interviews were carried out with 14 caregivers residing in New Delhi, India. Our findings identified pandemic and lockdown's universal impacts on family life and financial stability stemming from job loss, business closure, and salary deductions, affecting quality of life of families. Furthermore, COVID-19 pandemic's impact on autistic children was evident through limited access to essential services and financial challenges related service interruptions even after resumption of services. The lockdown's novelty also affected children's behavior, with both challenging behavioral changes and positive impacts. Primary caregivers, predominantly mothers, assumed additional responsibilities in household tasks, schooling, and therapy administration. While some these experiences were universally experienced, a few of these improved outcomes for autistic children. Despite challenges, parents expressed gratitude for their family's safety and well-being during the difficult time. These findings inform service provision for vulnerable families and offer implications for designing interventions such as credit schemes for families, guidance and resources for establishing and maintaining routines of children with autism, adopting flexible and adaptable approaches to service delivery, and special provisions for children with autism to be able to maintain their routines outside of home. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for comprehensive support, including educational resources and stress management counselling to empower parents in supporting essential care and routines for their children during such unprecedented times.

Innovation and Application of Digitalization in the Formation of the Image of a smart hotel

The advent of new technologies has revolutionized the tourism industry, offering more flexible and organized options for holidaymakers. Moving beyond traditional, often cumbersome tourism models that once dominated mass demand, the industry now embraces innovative technologies and enhanced comfort. These advancements have significantly elevated the expectations and desires of travelers. As a result, there is a growing competitive landscape within the tourism sector, driven by the evolving demands of tourists. Comparing the technologies and customer requests from five years ago with today's innovations and guest inquiries reveals a stark difference. New technologies have played a pivotal role in the implementation of tourist information systems, facilitating rapid identification and information dissemination in the field of tourism. Digitalization in tourism stands as a comprehensive solution to a wide array of potential challenges encountered in providing information services, organizing tourist excursions, and planning travel. The primary objective of these innovations and digitalization efforts in the tourism sector is to enhance communication and information exchange between tourists and industry professionals, thereby improving the overall travel experience.

Design and Implementation of Data Management and Visualisation Module in Financial Digital Management

Enterprise financial data is the key indicator of enterprise development, which provides the important basis for management to analyse and make decisions. Therefore, the provision of reliable and effective information services to enterprises through visualisation technology has become an urgent problem to be solved in the construction of enterprise informatisation. At present, the common data statistics and visualisation tools in the market are difficult to meet the needs of specialised financial enterprises for data analysis. Additionally, the current financial management system has several issues, including an abundance of data and lack of observation suitability. Aiming at the deficiency of data management function in the system, this paper studies the improvement design of data management and visualisation module in financial digital management. First, [Formula: see text]-means clustering algorithm and C4.5 decision tree algorithm are selected to improve the financial data management system. Then, through the existing hierarchical data visualisation scheme, the node link method, space filling method and Sankey chart are proposed to display the changes of financial data. Finally, the data management and visualisation module and the corresponding algorithm flow are designed. The experiment indicates a contour coefficient of 0.53 for the performance evaluation model based on the [Formula: see text]-means algorithm, indicating a satisfactory clustering result. The employee violation prediction model, based on the C4.5 decision tree algorithm, exhibits a high prediction accuracy of 92.35% for the training dataset, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting employee violations. The data rendering accuracy of the visualised tool is 98.46%, significantly surpassing that of traditional visualisation tools. At the same time, its visual effect and operation are better than traditional tools. Compared with the traditional data visualisation system, this research method improves the efficiency of enterprise financial data management, converts complicated financial data into graphics that are easier for people to understand, realises visualisation, and effectively reduces the management cost of financial operations.

Kegiatan Belajar Terganggu karena Banyak Menggunakan Handphone

This study aims to find out whether the use of mobile phones can disrupt students' learning activities and to determine the handling usually given by guidance and counseling teachers. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method using data collection techniques, namely interviews and observations. The research subjects in this study are guidance and counseling teachers at MAN 2 Medan and 21 students at MAN 2 Medan. The results show that the use of mobile phones can disrupt students' learning activities but on the other hand, the teaching and learning process at MAN 2 Model is also somewhat assisted by technology in the form of mobile phones, such as providing materials, google forms, and instructional videos in certain subjects. The handling provided by guidance and counseling teachers is to provide information services for mild cases and for severe cases, guidance and counseling teachers will call the parents of the students.

Describing skin health and disease in urban-living Aboriginal children: co-design, development and feasibility testing of the Koolungar Moorditj Healthy Skin pilot project

BackgroundIndigenous children in colonised nations experience high rates of health disparities linked to historical trauma resulting from displacement and dispossession, as well as ongoing systemic racism. Skin infections and their complications are one such health inequity, with the highest global burden described in remote-living Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (hereafter respectfully referred to as Aboriginal) children. Yet despite increasing urbanisation, little is known about the skin infection burden for urban-living Aboriginal children. More knowledge is needed to inform service provision, treatment guidelines and community-wide healthy skin strategies. In this pilot study, we aimed to test the feasibility and design of larger multi-site observational studies, provide initial descriptions of skin disease frequency and generate preliminary hypotheses of association.MethodsThis project has been co-designed with local (Noongar) Elders to provide an Australian-first description of skin health and disease in urban-living Aboriginal children. In collaboration with an urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation (Derbarl Yerrigan Health Service), we conducted a week-long cross-sectional observational cohort study of Aboriginal children (0–18 years) recruited from the waiting room. Participants completed a questionnaire, skin examination, clinical photos, and swabs and received appropriate treatment. We assessed the feasibility and impact of the pilot study.ResultsFrom 4 to 8 October 2021, we recruited 84 Aboriginal children of whom 80 (95%) were urban-living. With a trusted Aboriginal Health Practitioner leading recruitment, most parents (or caregivers) who were approached consented to participate. Among urban-living children, over half (45/80, 56%) of parents described a current concern with their child’s skin, hair and/or nails; and one-third (26/80, 33%) reported current itchy skin. Using a research-service model, 27% (21/79) of examined urban-living participants received opportunistic same-day treatment and 18% (14/79) were referred for later review.ConclusionsThis co-designed pilot study to understand skin health in urban-living Aboriginal children was feasible and acceptable, with high study participation and subsequent engagement in clinical care observed. Co-design and the strong involvement of Aboriginal people to lead and deliver the project was crucial. The successful pilot has informed larger, multi-site observational studies to more accurately answer questions of disease burden and inform the development of healthy skin messages for urban-living Aboriginal children.

Disability Inclusion: Accessibility of Library and Information Services to People with Visual Impairment in Public Libraries in Harare: Zimbabwe. The Missing Link:

The major thrust of the research study was mainly driven by the need to determine the accessibility and effectiveness of library and information services to students with visual impairment in Harare. Provision of library and information services to students and other people with visual impairment is a right enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the rights of people with disabilities (UNCRPD,2006). The study was informed by the interpretivism research philosophy which in part entails listening, observations and recording. The qualitative research approach was used by way of interviews, observations, documentary analysis and focus groups. In line with the approach, the study relied on the phenomenological research design. The population included former and current university students with visual impairment in Harare. The sample therefore covered thirty former and current Higher education students in Harare. The study established that the physical accessibility of public libraries to students with visual impairment leaves a lot to be desired and therefore needs concerted effort to address. Secondly the study also found out that the expertise of library staff in assisting students with visual impairment also needs to be revisited with a view to improving service provision to the constituency of students with visual impairment. It was also revealed that in the libraries themselves, there was limited access to library reading and study materials. In some cases, these materials were non-existent. The use of third parties to assist students with visual impairment was also found to be shortchanging students since this depended on several competing interests on the part of the person being assisted and the one assisting. The study also established that while sighted users could use electronic ways to access library services, this did not apply to users with visual impairment. The study recommended that the institution needed a library policy for users with visual impairment. There was need for advocacy to improve accessibility. There was also a need for an accessibility audit or needs analysis. Library resources also needed to be increased in both quality and quantity.

Performance Evaluation and Explainability of Last-Mile Delivery

The demand for last-mile delivery (LMD) services worldwide increased following online sales growth, so better methods to assess efficiency issues are paramount. This work explores a data-driven approach to evaluate LMD services and inform logistics service providers about possible improvement directions. It uses multi-directional efficiency analysis to benchmark LMD services based on process variables, such as delivery time and service cost. Then, by fitting machine learning models and using explainability algorithms with new metrics, characterizes factors that influence LMD performance. Early discussions with experts show that the approach produces understandable and integrable results that generate valuable insights, e.g., regarding the impact of each variable on service quality informing the direction for further improvement action.

방송·통신 영역에서 자율규제와 법제도 구성에 관한 고찰

Self-regulation can be defined as “an organized business group self-regulating the actions of its members to protect users.” If there is a need to respect the autonomous discipline of the business organization itself in a specific field, it would be good to introduce a self-regulation system. In newly emerging areas, areas that are rapidly changing or areas that require specialized or policy considerations, would be appropriate for business organizations in those areas to self-regulate because existing legal regulations do not reflect reality or cannot properly reflect reality. Even if a self-regulation system is introduced, the degree of legal intervention in the self-regulation system of business organizations may vary depending on the characteristics of the industry. If the scope of the area is diverse or subject to frequent change, the scope of self-regulation may be narrowed due to strong legal intervention, and in areas dealing with detailed, technical, and specialized matters, the private sector should be able to demonstrate efficiency and expertise. It is desirable to reduce the degree of legal intervention through self-regulation. In relation to freedom of speech, due to the constitutional order to guarantee the public’s freedom of expression as much as possible, state regulation should be minimized, and self-regulation by business organizations to replace it is judged to be effective. In addition, due to the emergence of new technologies and technological advancement in the field of broadcasting and communications, regulation by the existing positive system for industries in this field makes efficient industrial development difficult. However, as the provision of information through social media, Internet news, OTT services etc., the side effects caused by digital media exceeded a certain level and reached a level of social conflict and infringement of other people’s rights, countries around the world have started to regulate illegal information through national legal regulations. Self-regulation was judged to be insufficient to prevent the creation and distribution of false information, hate speech, etc. In order for a self-regulatory system to operate properly, it is important to secure the democratic legitimacy of self-regulatory organizations, operational transparency, independence, and enforcement of regulations. The German self-regulatory organization for multimedia service providers is the German Self-Regulation Organization for Multimedia Service Providers(FSM). The German Youth and Media Protection Committee approved FSM, a self-regulatory organizationy, to protect youth from media content. The United States is a country that operates a representative private self-regulation system. However, direct administrative regulations have recently become more prominent in the broadcasting and communications fields due to issues such as unfair trade or monopoly. The UK's self-regulatory organization is the Internet Watch Foundation(IWF). IWF carries out tasks such as deleting posts related to child sexual abuse, blocking access, and preventing search/access, and is operating a hotline as the most basic activity to make this possible. The Australian Communications and Media Authority(ACMA) is the broadcasting and communications regulator. ACMA is a government-affiliated organization and is a co-regulation model between the government and the private sector that supports and cooperates in the establishment of industry codes. The self-regulation system stipulated in Korea’s Information and Communications Network Act is actually close to administrative regulation. It is appropriate for information and communication service provider organizations to determine and implement a code of conduct for information and communication service providers, rather than a matter to be stipulated in the Information and Communications Network Act,

Market Impact Analysis Service Based on Big Data in Gyeonggi-Do

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is the driving force of change as the fundamental structure of the industry changes. Gyeonggi-do provides big data analysis services to improve citizens’ quality of life by providing various big data services. Local governments in Korea provide various services for citizens and small business owners. This paper discusses Gyeonggi-do’s ‘Market Impact Analysis Service,’ an information analysis infrastructure. This service helps start-ups, small business owners, and self-employed people who need help starting a business and management due to more information to make big data-based decisions. In this paper, we discuss the efforts of Gyeonggi-Do to provide information service based on big data analysis for local businesses using a Big data platform.

Establish and Implement PAM and PRM ISO 20000-1:2011

Most enterprises are now using information technology services as their assets to support business objectives. These kind of services are provided by internal service provider (inside enterprise) or external service provider (outside enterprise). To deliver quality information technology services, service provider (which from now on will be called “organization”) either internal or external, must have standard for service management system. At present, the standard that is recognized as best practice for service management system for organization is international standard ISO/IEC 20000:2011. The most important part of this international standard is the first part or ISO/IEC 20000-1:2011-Service Management System Requirement, because it contains 22 for organization processes as requirement to be implemented in organizational environment in order to build, manage and deliver quality service to customer. Assessing organization management processes is the first step to implement ISO/IEC 20000:2011 into the organization management processes. This assessment needs Process Assessment Model (PAM) as assessment instrument. PAM comprises two parts: Process Reference Model (PRM) and Measurement Framework (MF). PRM is built by transforming the 22 process of ISO/IEC 20000-1:2011 and MF is based on ISO/IEC 33020. This assessment instrument was designed to assess the capability of service management process in Divisi Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi (Information Systems and Technology Division) as an internal organization of PT Pos Indonesia. The result of this assessment model can be proposed to improve the capability of service management system.

Adequacy of Information Resources and Library Staff Attitude as Correlates of Information Service Provision to Students in Federal Polytechnics in North Central State, Nigeria

Adequacy of Information Resources and Library Staff Attitude as Correlates of Information Service Provision to Students in Federal Polytechnics in North Central State, Nigeria