Provincial Road Research Articles

ROAD GEOMETRIC FEASIBILITY IN ROAD SAGARANTEN – TEGALBULEUD KM.BDG 175 + 100

<p class="Normal1">The Sagaranten-Tegalbuleud road is a provincial road, with its geographic and topographic conditions quite complicated, the terrain quite difficult, causing not all areas to be well connected, and the reason for the low level of accessibility of this area. Therefore, determining the road geometry is an important part of driving comfort. Geometric planning focuses on horizontal and vertical alignments so that it can fulfill the basic functions of the road that provide optimal traffic flow comfort according to the planned speed. A re-survey was conducted to obtain geometric data on existing roads that did not comply with DGH standards, then it was re-planned. The results of the analysis are three bends with the Spiral-Circle-Spiral type, namely bend 9, bend 10 and bend 11 with RC = 17 m, and the slope is determined for the vertical geometrical alignment of the road. The results of this research analysis can be used as a reference for improving geometric roads so that accessibility between regions can be increased.</p>

Comparative Analysis of CPO Transportation in Sumatera Utara Province

Sumatera Utara province is the second largest palm oil producer in Indonesia. In the future, given the increasingly congested road traffic conditions and contain more risks, train is a solution in transporting large amounts of CPO, fast and efficient. Based on the Transport Infographic Indonesia - Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative 2015-2016 reported, users of goods transported by train are only about 1% of the total logistics distribution trips. About 90% is dominated by road transportation, less than 1% air transportation and 8% sea transportation. In the Master Plan Percepatan, Perluasan dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia (MP3EI) states that the Sumatera corridor needs important economic policies, one of them is the construction of a railway. The data used are annual time series data, namely in the form of production data, CPO transport volume in 2010-2018; length of rails and roads in 2018 and CPO transportation rates from PKS (palm oil mill) to Belawan Port. The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the rate increasing of production and volume of CPO transportation by train in Sumatera Utara Province in 2010-2018; (2) to compare the comparison of rail lengths, national and provincial long roads to regional areas in Sumatera Utara Province in 2018; (3) to analyze the different of the cost of goods transportation by train and tank truck in the cost of CPO transportation for each PKS to the Port of Belawan and (4) to analyze the relationship between the cost of CPO transportation by train and tank truck with the distance of each PKS to the Port of Belawan. The data analysis method which is used in this study is descriptive analysis, the mean difference test and free from. The results of this study indicate that: the first, the growth of CPO production in Sumatera Utara in 2011-2018 increased, while the growth of CPO transportation volume by train decreased. The second, the ratio of the length of the rail to the area is lower than the ratio of the length of the road to each regency area in 2018. The third, there is a significant difference between the average cost of CPO transportation by train and tank truck, and the cost of train is cheaper than tank truck Rp 142.48 per ton km. The fourth, there is a perfect and positive relationship between the cost of CPO transportation and the distance.

Measuring the development of Chinese provincial road safety over the period 2007–2016

With a view to analyzing the development of road safety over time, we hereby present an approach for measuring the phenomenon. This method was constructed based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index (MPI), so it was named the DEA-MPI method. The core of this method is to compare the output-input ratio among decision-making units in order to measure Chinese provincial road safety development from 2007 to 2016. Three road risk indicators are used as the input, and four road accident result indicators as the output. The results show that most provinces have achieved considerable progress in road safety over the last decade. The total factor productivity change (TFPCH) in road safety decomposes into efficiency change (EFFCH) and technical change (TECHCH). The cumulative EFFCH and TECHCH have decreased and increased, respectively, over the last decade. In 2016, China achieved an improvement in road safety productivity 1.433 times greater than it did in 2007, which is greatly attributable to improvement in frontier technology. This study could help scholars to understand the situation of Chinese provincial road safety in the past decade and provide a guide for policymakers on road safety improvement.

Priority of provincial road maintenance in Kabupaten Aceh Besar based on analytic hierarchy process method

Road damage that has occurred on several roads has caused enormous losses, especially for road users, such as long travel times, congestion, accidents, and others. It is necessary to pay attention to this so that there is no deterioration in road quality due to road surface damage so that it can affect safety, comfort, and smoothness of traffic. Therefore, researchers damaged road surface conditions, which can affect the travel time of the vehicle. The purpose of this research is to identify the type and level of road damage and to determine road-handling priorities. The results of calculating the condition of each provincial road section in the Aceh Besar District using the PCI method are included in the very good, good and moderate categories, so that the type of handling can be determined is routine maintenance. From the results of the analysis of respondents by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), said that the priority road-handling by using several criteria, namely: the order of 1 is the type of treatment with a weight of 0.47, then the second is the condition of the road with a weight of 0.37, then the third-order is accessibility with a weight of 0.12, and the fourth place is a land use with a weight of 0.04. As for the alternative road-handling priority obtained a score’s greatest at road Keutapang Dua - Mata Ie with the acquisition of a score of 0.34, then alternate both at road Batas Kota Banda Aceh - Sp. Lam Ateuk 0.32, the third alternative on road Ir. M. Thaher 0.26, for the fourth alternative on road Sp. Lamreueng-Sp. Cot Iri 0.06, the fifth alternative on road Kota Jantho-Alue Glong 0.011, the sixth alternative on road Bts. Banda Aceh-Blang Bintang 0.010, and for the seventh alternative on road Krueng Raya - Batas Pidie with a score of 0.003. The first priority for road handling based on an assessment of road conditions using the PCI method is road Krueng Raya - Batas Pidie section.

Study on the real-world emissions of rural vehicles on different road types.

To better understand the real-world emissions of rural vehicles (RVs) in China, 8 China II RVs and 18 China III RVs were tested on a provincial road, rural road and farm road using a portable emissions measurement system. The results are illustrated in contour maps of the speed, acceleration and emission rates and show that CO, HC, NOx and PM emissions differ for the three road types; however, the peak emission points all occur on the provincial road. The average CO, HC, NOx and PM emission factors based on distance for the China II RVs are 9.21, 4.05, 1.68 and 2.58 times higher, respectively, than those of the China III RVs. However, the average NOx emission factors of the China II and III RVs are 2.21 and 1.65 times higher than the corresponding recommended values of national emission inventory guideline, resulting in underestimation of overall RVs' emissions. Distance-based emission factors of four pollutants ranked from high to low are farm road>rural road>provincial road. In contrast to the average emission factors of the China II RVs on the three road types, those of the China III RVs are significantly less in terms of distance and fuel consumption. The results of other researchers differ from those in this study: the CO emission factor of the China II RVs is 2.12 times higher than that of the China II light-duty diesel vehicles (LDDVs). The PM emission factor of the China III RVs is 2.67 times higher than that of the China III LDDVs. The NOx emission factors of the China II and III RVs are similar to those of the corresponding China II and III LDDVs. Our research increases the understanding of real-world emissions of RVs and can act as great references for policy makers developing RV emission baselines.

Study on Mechanical Properties of Recycled Mixture with High Content of Iron Tailings Sand

This paper focuses on the disposal of iron tailings sand (ITS) and reclaimed inorganic binder stabilized aggregate (RAI), and a new “ITS plus RAI” solid waste treatment method is innovatively proposed, which uses ITS and RAI as a new base course material to replace of new aggregates by 100%. It is found that the new ITS and RAI mixture has excellent compressive performance by designing the material composition of the mixture, which can meet the design strength of different levels of pavement under various load conditions. A series of laboratory tests are used to study the effect of the content of special cementitious material and iron tailings on the uniaxial compressive strength, flexural‐tensile strength, compressive resilience modulus, and flexural‐tensile resilience modulus of recycled mixture. And, the scanning electron microscope test (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction test (XRD) are used to compare the surface morphology characteristics and hydration products of the recycled mixture under different ratios and to discuss the formation mechanism of the strength of the mixture. The test results show that the macroscopic change pattern in laboratory tests is basically consistent with the results in microanalysis. The relationship between compressive strength and compressive resilience modulus and flexural resilience modulus is also established by linear regression. This solid waste treatment method is applied to the pavement renovation project of national and provincial roads in Shanxi Province (within Linfen), to replace the existing base material by using recycled mixture, and the results show that it can save not only the carbon emission from stone mining and processing but also the construction cost, while producing good social and economic benefits and promoting the process of carbon neutralization in the world.

Kajian Kebutuhan Sarana Perlintasan Warga Desa Liang Dan Neath Pada Sungai Nalbessy Kabupaten Buru Selatan

Maraknya pemberitaan media sosial berjudul “75 Tahun Merdeka Tapi Katong Belum Merdeka” ditampilkan kegiatan warga pedalaman Buru Selatan sebagai pengguna sarana perlintasan menyeberangi sungai Nalbessy. Keselamatan Pengguna sarana dipertaruhkan karena beresiko putus, dan dapat berakibat fatal bila hanyut terbawa derasnya arus sungai. Maraknya pemberitaan media kemudian penulis mengkaji kebutuhan sarana perlintasan bagi warga pedalaman Buru Selatan untuk melintasi sungai Nalbessy. Kajian bertujuan: Menelusuri lokasi dimana kegiatan warga melintasi Sungai Nalbessy, dan mengalisis potensi pengguna sarana perlintasan berdasarkan data kependudukan. Menyajikan history jalan dan jembatan di sekitar Desa Liang dan Neath dalam bentuk stripmap penanganan ruas Namrole – Leksula. Metode penelusuran menggunakan aplikasi Google Earth, tahapan kajian terstruktur dan sistematis sesuai kaidah ilmiah bersumber dari data sekunder. Hasil kajian disimpulkan: Lokasi perlintasan Sungai Nalbessy terletak -3,7628º LS dan 126,5444º BT di Kec. Leksula, Kab. Buru Selatan Provinsi Maluku. Lokasi dimana oleh Dinas PUPR Provinsi Maluku telah direncanakan pembangunan jembatan Wai Nalbessy III. Ruas Namrole–Leksula melintasi 2 desa permukiman warga pedalaman Buru Selatan (Liang dan Neath). Penanganan jalan hingga tahun 2019, kondisi perkerasan masih belum seragam terdiri atas 3 jenis perkerasan: Hotmix 7.0 Km, Timbunan Pilihan 4.0 Km, dan Jalan Tanah 42.0 Km. Penanganan ruas jalan provinsi telah dibangun 3 jembatan dari rencana 33 jembatan. Perkiraan biaya pembangunan, waktu pelaksanaan jembatan bentang 50 meter Wai Nalbessy III, menurut jenis konstruksi, masing-masing: Rp. 4 M, 4 bulan untuk Jembatan gantung pejalan kaki simetris, Rp. 15 M, 10 bulan untuk Rangka Baja, dan Rp. 20 M, 1 Tahun untuk Jembatan beton/GTI.

Surface monitoring of road pavements using mobile crowdsensing technology

Pavement-surface characteristics should be considered during road maintenance for safe and comfortable driving. A detailed and up-to-date report of road-pavement network conditions is required to optimize a maintenance plan. However, manual road inspection methods, such as periodic visual surveys, are time-consuming and expensive. A common technology used to address this issue is SmartRoadSense, a collaborative system for the automatic detection of road-surface characteristics using Global Positioning System receivers and triaxial accelerometers contained in mobile devices. In this study, the results of the SmartRoadSense surveys conducted on Provincial Road 2 (SP2) in Salerno, Italy, were compared with the Distress Cadastre data for the same province and the pavement condition indices of different sections of the SP2. Although the effectiveness of the crowdsensing-based SmartRoadSense was found to vary with the distress type, the system was confirmed to be very efficient for monitoring the most critical road failures.

A Comparative Study on the Traffic Effects of Speed Limit Reduction on the Urban and Provincial Roads

A Comparative Study on the Traffic Effects of Speed Limit Reduction on the Urban and Provincial Roads

Analysis on the Reliability of Coastal City Transportation from the Perspective of Resilience: A Case Study of Yantai City, Shandong Province, China

As the global climate continues to change and environmental damage has intensified, it has seriously affected the safety and sustainable development of coastal cities. Improving the resilience of coastal cities has become their strategic consensus to respond to changes. Based on the theory of resilient cities, using complex network analysis methods and taking reliability analysis as the starting point, a coastal road resilience evaluation system was constructed, and the impact analysis and resilience evaluation were carried out using Yantai City as an example. The results show that: 1) Yantai municipal road network (national and provincial road) has high reliability and strong robustness; 2) the network has important road sections with greater influence. Based on this, this article proposes strategies for improving urban resilience.

Determination of Black Site Area Based on Equivalent Accident Number Analysis: Case Study National Roads in Ambon City

This study was conducted to determine accident-prone areas (black sites) on national roads in Ambon City using the Equivalent Accident Number (EAN) and Upper Control Limit (UCL) criteria. Primary data was obtained by direct survey. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from various sources related to the number of traffic accidents in Ambon City. The data were analyzed using simple statistical methods and tabulated based on the number of accidents in 2019. The analysis results showed that the high severity of traffic accidents in Ambon City was 91.95% caused by driver behavior factors. Three other factors that cause traffic accidents include drunkenness, carelessness, and drowsiness. The study results showed five black site areas on national roads in Ambon City based on EAN value higher than the UCL value. These locations include roads: Jenderal Sudirman, Pierre Tendean, Wolter Monginsidi, Laksdya Leo Wattimena, and Putuhena. Meanwhile, the Sisingamangaraja road segment has a higher EAN value than the UCL value but not the national road segment (province road segment). Based on these results, several things need to be done to overcome the accident rate. Therefore, national road management agencies and stakeholders, especially those related to the black site area, are advised to: build road medians, add zebra cross-shaped crossing facilities and be equipped with shelters in the road median, complete traffic signs installed with signs that read accident-prone area, build pedestrian protective fences, and traffic management engineering.

MANFAAT EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN RUAS JALAN SIMPANG LAMIE – KUALA TUHA DITINJAU DARI ASPEK PRODUCER SURPLUS

The policy of Nagan Raya District Government to develop the Lamie - Kuala Tuha provincial road section aims to shorten travel time, reduce high mobility, facilitate travel, and support the movement of the plantation and agricultural sectors. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the benefits obtained from the producer surplus aspect in the plantation sector, agricultural sector and livestock sector and to evaluate economic feasibility based on Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) . This research was conducted by collecting data related to the budget, wages, the Nagan Raya Regency Spatial Planning Book, the area of land and the production of the agricultural sector, the area of land and production of the plantation sector, and the amount and price of cattle. Data is processed by producer surplus method in the transportation economy, namely evaluating economic feasibility with BCR, NPV, IRR indicators. The results of this study indicate that the construction of the Lamie - Kuala Tuha Road in the 24th (twenty four) year or the 20th (twenty) year since the road was opened has met economic feasibility standards at a discount rate of 10, 12 and 15 percent with a value BCR 1.85, 1.54 and 1.15, NPV value of Rp. 64,828,481,000, Rp. 35,422,332,000 and Rp. 8,322,171,000. The IRR value obtained in this study is at the discount rate of 16.44 percent.

BICYCLE LANES DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN MATARAM CITY

Mataram City Government established a bicycle lane at Udayana Street as an alternative for all community to shift their motorized transport by bicycle as a daily transport and to support the NTB Cycling program from NTB Provincial Government. To accommodate changing mode of transportation from motorbikes or cars to bicycles, it is necessary to develop bicycle lanes in Mataram City. Vissim software used to forecast the impact of bicycles lane development at 9 provincial roads as the study area. From the analysis after implementation of bicycles lane development, there is a decrease in level of service based on Volume per Capacity Ratio. In addition, at signal intersection show an increase in queue length and vehicle delays. To minimize the impact of bicycles lane development, mitigation is carried out by rearranging the intersection cycle time. And the result is a reducing of CO, NOx and VOC emissions, fuel consumption, vehicle queue lengths and vehicle delays.

Combination of SWOT Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process, and Monte Carlo Simulation to Identify the Strategic Positioning of Crisis Management at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

INTRODUCTION: Iran has long been recognized as one of the most accident-prone areas in the world due to its special geographical location. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to devote special attention to crisis management in organizations and the identification of related strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. METHODS: The present study aimed to identify the strategic positioning of crisis management after natural disasters at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad as the center of excellence in the east of the country. To this end, the internal and external factors which militate against university crisis management were identified. Thereafter, the strategic positioning of this university was determined among four positions, namely offensive, defensive, adaptive, and contingency, using a combination of SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and Monte Carlo simulation, and strategies were presented. The statistical population were university facility experts and managers among whom 10 cases were selected by purposive sampling. FINDINGS: Based on the obtained results, the highest weights in different sub-criteria were as follows: compliance with the required technical and safety standards in new constructions of the university campus (strength), the absence of any specific plan for dealing with various types of crises in different buildings (weakness), the proximity of the fire station to the university campus (opportunity), and indecisiveness of organizations supervising building retrofitting, including provincial government and Roads and Urban Development Office (threat). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrated that strategic positioning can be identified by analyzing internal and external factors. Moreover, among the four strategic positions, it was found that the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad adopted an offensive crisis management strategy in 45.4% of the cases.

Study on City-Level Optimization of Tourism Industry Spatial Organization Nodes and Organization Mode for Tourist Destinations

Reasonable spatial organization of the tourism industry can improve the utilization efficiency of regional tourism industry elements. Taking Dalian City in China as an example, this paper collects various types of tourism industry data and introduces GIS network analysis technology into tourism studies to determine the location, scale, and number of tourism nodes in Dalian and optimize the spatial organization nodes and organization models of the tourism industry. This will help ease the pressure on tourism reception in the southern area of Dalian and promote better development and utilization of tourism resources and tourism facilities in the central and northern regions. The results show that (1) when using the “minimizing facility points” model, a total of 17 second-level tourism nodes and 5 first-level tourism nodes are obtained after optimization. The location of these nodes is highly correlated with the level of tourist scenic spots, while tourist scenic spots play a significant role in leading and driving tourism nodes. (2) Using the “maximum coverage” model for optimization, 3138 tourism enterprises are connected with tourism nodes, thus realizing the shortest traffic path between tourism enterprises and tourism nodes, which minimizes the total cost of network services. Compared with suburban areas, enterprises in urban tourism areas are densely distributed, meaning that a smaller service radius of tourism nodes can cover more enterprises. (3) A total of 10 first-level tourism channels and 12 second-level tourism channels are optimized using the “nearest facility” model. The first-level tourism channels are mainly distributed in the central and southern areas of Dalian. These channels connect nodes mainly through national and provincial roads. The second-level tourism channels are mainly distributed in the central and northern areas of Dalian. (4) This study aims to analyze the evolution process of the spatial organization mode of Dalian’s tourism industry and construct a hub-spoke network tourism industry spatial organization mode composed of 17 hubs, 22 spokes, and 22 tourism domains. The analysis and construction are designed according to the optimization results of tourism nodes and tourism channels. The research results enrich the theories and technical means of tourism industry spatial organization and provide references and suggestions for local governments or tourism planning decision-makers; they also provide a scientific basis for the rational allocation of tourism industry elements and promote the rational distribution of tourism industry.

Green productivity growth and competition analysis of road transportation at the provincial level employing Global Malmquist-Luenberger Index approach

Road transportation has been playing an irreplaceable role in the process of pursuing sustainable development. This study employs a Global Malmquist-Luenberger Index approach to evaluate the green productivity growth of this industry at the provincial level based on the Data Envelopment Analysis and Directional Distance Function. Further, it decomposes green productivity growth into changes in various types of efficiency and technological progress. Finally, this study structures a novel quadrant matrix analysis framework based on the green productivity growth rate and stability, using the matrix to analyze the performance of provincial road transportation industries. This analysis results show that: (1) a fluctuating and slowly upward trend of green productivity over time exists; (2) at the regional level, the road transportation industries in Western and Central China achieved green productivity growth because of the catch-up effect and the economies of scale, respectively; (3) the green productivity in China’s Eastern area (the most developed area) declined, giving opportunities for improvement in both technology and efficiency; and (4) the southeast coast and border provinces showed large fluctuations in terms of green productivity of road transportation because of the impact of foreign trade environment. Implications for transportation system planning are provided based on the results.

Geomorphological and geophysical surveys with InSAR analysis applied to the Picerno earth flow (southern Apennines, Italy)

Landslides represent a major geomorphological feature influencing the evolution of the southern Apennine slopes with earth flows being one of the most representative types of landslide. The development of earth flows in the southern Apennines is facilitated by the widespread occurrence of clayey lithologies. Earth flows can either produce marked scars along the slopes, when their activity is high, or give rise to bumpy areas that are frequently covered by vegetation, when their activity is low. In this latter case, although the risk is significantly reduced, the earth flow can still represent a problem for buildings and infrastructure. The Picerno earth flow in the Basilicata region is an example of a low-activity earth flow. This NW-SE–oriented landslide extends for a length of ~ 5.5 km, has an average width of ~ 680 m, and affects the village of Picerno. Our investigations mainly focused on the terminal portion of the landslide and revealed that some significant linear infrastructures (e.g., the Potenza–Naples railway) and important provincial and municipal roads are affected by the earth flow. In order to better define the amount of displacement characterizing the Picerno earth flow and gain insights into the lateral extension and the depth of the main detachment surface, we undertook a detailed geological and geomorphological survey. Interferometry synthetic aperture radar data provided by the processing of SAR images, with the aim of highlighting the regions of the landslide that are currently active, together with electrical resistivity tomography data which have been utilized to define the geometry of the landslide body. Our results provide useful suggestions for planning appropriate actions aimed at stabilizing the landslide body.

Field Test and Numerical Analysis of Flexible Retaining Wall of Shoulder Geocell

In order to study the stress and deformation characteristics of the shoulder type geocell flexible retaining wall, a three-dimensional numerical model of the geocell flexible retaining wall is established based on the reconstruction project of Zichang County urban transit section of Provincial Road 205 in Shaanxi Province, and the numerical calculation results are compared with the field monitoring results. The results show that the base pressure of the flexible retaining wall of the shoulder geocell increases with the increase of the filling height of the retaining wall, and decreases slightly after the completion of the construction; the horizontal earth pressure on each layer of the retaining wall is not evenly distributed, the horizontal earth pressure in the middle of the retaining wall > the horizontal earth pressure inside the retaining wall > the horizontal earth pressure outside the retaining wall; the horizontal earth pressure and the horizontal deformation after the stability are along the height of the retaining wall The drum distribution is the largest at the height H / 2 of the retaining wall.

The Rockfall Risk Assessment along a road of the "Gallipoli-Cognato Regional Park" (Southern Italy)

This paper contains the application of a heuristic method allowing the assessment of the rockfall risk along a Provincial road in Basilicata (Southern Italy) leading to an important lucanian geosite of growing touristic interest. The rockfall risk evaluation has been performed using an already published method based on the application of an exponential scoring function to several parameters concerning the geological characteristics of the slope and road and traffic data. A specific intensity matrix allowing a better assessment of the parameters linked to the rockfalls is hereafter described.The study case concerns the analysis of a rockfall phenomenon located along a road artery climbing up an important geosite that is to say the Lucanian Dolomites (Southern Italy) and connecting two villages of significant touristic importance: Castelmezzano and Pietrapertosa. The application of the RHRS 2.0 method allowed to obtain a medium risk level.

Ranking of Factors Influencing Injury and Death by Accident Using Analytical Approach: A Case Study of Ilam Province Roads

Background: Every year many people are killed or injured in road accidents. The first step in planning to reduce accidents is to identify the causes of accidents. This study aimed to investigate and identify the causes and factors affecting the incidence and the severity of road accidents as a major issue in Ilam Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive study with an analytical approach. Descriptive and inferential statistics indices were used for statistical analysis. A researcher-made questionnaire as fieldwork was used to investigate the factors affecting accidents. Friedman test was used in the analytical study of the data obtained from the questionnaires. The study population included all drivers of the public suburban fleet, including taxis, minibusses, and buses on the Ilam Province. Out of 190 drivers, a sample size of 127 was selected using a Cochran formula. Results: From the drivers’ point of view, the main causes of public fleet accidents on the roads of Ilam Province are the quality and technical issues of the roads. Interviewees believed that dangerous turns, low width, poor road quality, and inadequate traffic signs are the main causes of accidents. After that, human factors are in the second place, including high speed and overturning, left-sway, and unmanageable rush, emphasizing the two factors of high speed and overtaking. The technical and qualitative factors of the vessels are in third place. Finally, the environmental and natural factors are in fourth place. Conclusion: Because the drivers consider the quality and technical issues of the roads as the main causes of traffic accidents in the transportation axes of Ilam Province, it is necessary to review and repair these transportation axes.