Provincial Public Research Articles

Systems and mechanisms to develop health volunteers to improve the health of the immigrant workforce in four Thailand provinces

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the provincial-level systems and mechanisms to develop health volunteers to improve the health of the immigrant workforce in Thailand.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study obtained data from document research, in-depth interviews with 58 people involved at policy and provincial levels working to develop health volunteers to improve the health of the immigrant workforce. Data were collected from May–October 2017; then the content of the conceptual framework was analyzed, the research objectives were examined and summary and induction analysis interpreted data from documents, observations and interviews.FindingsThailand has four systems for developing health volunteers to improve the health of the immigrant workforce: recruitment, training and knowledge management, welfare and motivational and financial and other supportive resources. Development is driven through the mechanisms of the Provincial Public Health Office with Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and network partners. The health volunteer development exhibits two patterns: developing migrant workers to become migrant health volunteers and developing village health volunteers to perform health care for the immigrant workforce. All development patterns mainly rely upon the regular operating budget, which is often inadequate. Frequently, some provinces make attempts to seek other funding sources. In fact, health volunteer development is subjected to local authorities of the four provinces whose systems and mechanisms of development differ from one another.Originality/valueThe findings from this study could help develop health volunteers to significantly improve the health of the immigrant workforce in the Thai health service system.

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of 5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole and Its Oxime Derivative against ATCC Reference Strains and Strains Isolated from the Hospital Environment of a Provincial Public Hospital in the City of Fez

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants has become a real concern. The hospital presents a favorable environment for the colonization and development of bacteria resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants. The search for new antimicrobial compounds is essential to combat this phenomenon. Tetrazole derivatives may represent a solution due to their interesting antibacterial activity. In this work, two tetrazole derivatives; thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (T2C) and 5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole (5TPh-1HT), were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against a set of reference strains and strains isolated from the hospital environment. The antibacterial effect was studied by the disc diffusion method and by determination of MIC and MBC. The 5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole (5TPh-1HT) has a broader spectrum of activity than its oxime derivative (T2C). The latter has bactericidal activity only on gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MICs ranging from 0.62 mg/ml to 2.5 mg/ml, while 5TPh-1HT has a bactericidal effect on all strains with MICs ranging from 0.62 mg/ml to 1.25 mg/ml. Both products have a significant inhibitory activity on the strains tested in particular E. coli H, S. aureus H, P. aeruginosa and Streptococcus spp A. It was found that these activities vary depending on the microbial strain tested and the product applied.

Emotional and Expressive Connotation of Regional Media Vocabulary

This article focuses on the peculiarities of emotional and expressive aspects of the regional media vocabulary (Ulyanovsk region newsportals). The authors analyzed publications from the leading sites of Ulyanovsk newsportals – ulpravda.ru, ulgrad.ru, ultoday73.ru, and ulpressa.ru from July 2020 to January 2021. The authors examined the regional broadcasting language, characteristics of printed media and lexical connotation of provincial publications. To study the emotional and expressive peculiarities of the regional newspapers, we analyzed about 100 pages of various newspaper articles (180,000 printed characters with spaces). The conducted content analysis revealed five basic types of vocabulary with emotional and expressive coloring. The results of the analysis showed the dominance of metaphors, epithets, phraseological units, personification, and allusion. According to quantitative estimation, the most widely-used group of vocabulary with emotional and expressive connotation are epithets (250 lexical units). It proves that epithets still remain the leading linguistic tool to express emotions. Within the group of metaphors most lexical units were connected to the forthcoming New Year. Phraseological unit are also widely-spread in regional news portals, as they underline brightness and expressiveness of the language and contribute to its expressiveness. Personification and allusion are used less often. The most examples of allusion refer the readers to the Bible.

Current Situation of Oral Diseases Among Police Officers and Soldiers of Nam Dinh Provincial Public Security Department in Vietnam, in 2019-2020: Examination, Diagnosis and Intervention with Some Biomedical Techniques

Current Situation of Oral Diseases Among Police Officers and Soldiers of Nam Dinh Provincial Public Security Department in Vietnam, in 2019-2020: Examination, Diagnosis and Intervention with Some Biomedical Techniques

Kecerdasan Emosional Memoderasi Pengaruh Tekanan Peran terhadap Kejenuhan Kerja Auditor Pada KAP Provinsi Bali

The purpose of this study is to analyze emotional intelligence moderating the influence of role pressure on the saturation of auditor performance in Bali Provincial Public Accountant Firm. This research was conducted in all Public Accountant Firm offices in Bali Province as many as nine offices in the Bali Region in 2019 by making 48 auditors as samples with the saturated sample method. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires, tested through regression analysis moderation techniques. Based on the results of the analysis, the role pressure variable has a significant positive effect on the saturation of the auditor's performance at Public Accountant Firm in Bali Province. Emotional intelligence moderates the influence of role pressure significantly positive effect on the saturation of the auditor's performance on Public Accountant Firm in the province of Bali.
 Keywords: Role Pressure; Emotional Intelligence; Work Saturation.

Effects of post-sinter annealing on microstructure and magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets with Nd–Ga intergranular addition* *Project supported by the Major Project of Science and Technology Innovation 2025 in Ningbo, China (Grant No. 2018B10086), the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology, Zhejiang Provincial Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project, China (Grant No. LGG21E010007), and the Key Research

We investigate the effects of post-sinter annealing on the microstructure and magnetic properties in B-lean Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets with different quantities of Nd–Ga intergranular additions. The magnet with fewer Nd–Ga additions can enhance 0.2 T in coercivity, with its remanences nearly unchanged after annealing. With the further increase of the Nd–Ga addition, the annealing process leads coercivity to increase 0.4 T, accompanied by a slight decrease of remanence. With the Nd–Ga addition further increasing and after annealing, however, the increase of coercivity is basically constant and the change of remanence is reduced. Microstructure observation indicates that the matrix grains are covered by continuous thin grain boundary phase in the magnets with an appropriate Nd–Ga concentration after the annealing process. However, the exceeding Nd–Ga addition brings out notable segregation of grain boundary phase, and prior formation of part RE 6Fe13Ga phase in the sintered magnet. This prior formation results in a weaker change of remanence after the annealing process. Therefore, the diverse changes of magnetic properties with different Nd–Ga concentrations are based on the respective evolution of grain boundary after the annealing process.

ХОРОШЕЕ МЕСТНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ВО ВЬЕТНАМЕ - НА ОСНОВЕ ИНДЕКСА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВЬЕТНАМА ЗА ПОСЛЕДНИЕ ГОДЫ

Currently, public governance theory and "good governance" have a profound and positive influence on the government reform process in many countries around the world today. In essence, good governance is the set of principles and criteria on social management to maximize public interests as well as promote and ensure the harmonious and sustainable development of a country. It can be said that good governance is both the ideal state and the goal that government reform in countries is aiming for, and the guiding principles for the design and operation of the state apparatus, government or system. In recent years, reform of government as well as reform of local government, according to good governance theory in Vietnam, has achieved many outstanding results. This is evident in the improvement in the indicators of provincial governance and public administration (Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index (hereinafter referred to as PAPI)) in Vietnam over the years. Based on the survey results of PAPI in recent years, the article analyzes the good governance level of the local government of Vietnam, offers comments and assessments and proposes solutions on how to increase and strengthen the reform of local government in Vietnam according to good governance theory.

Материальное обеспечение членов семей канадских добровольцев в годы Первой мировой войны

The article analyzes the Canadian government policy of social protection and support for soldiers’ dependents during World War I. The description of events begins when Canada entered the war (August 4, 1914) and ends when the North American Dominion switched to the system of compulsory military service (conscription) (August 29, 1917). The reconstruction of the details of the material support for soldiers’ dependents during the war helps reveal the details of the functioning of the Canadian government’s social policy in the early 20th century. The article is based on the legislative acts of the Dominion Government, official records of the debates in the Canadian parliament, and the Provincial press publications. It examines the institutional foundations of providing financial assistance to soldiers’ dependents using the example of the creation and activities of special state and non-state institutions (the Canadian Patriotic Fund, the Board of Pension Commissioners, and the Separation Allowance Board). It studies the process of forming the legislative base of social security for dependents of soldiers serving in the Canadian Expeditionary Forces and the Canadian Navy. The author traces the assignment and payment of social benefits to wives, children, parents and other dependents. The Canadian laws enacted during the war provided social assistance to military dependents in the form of state maintenance benefits and survivor’s pensions. The low rate of government benefits was offset by donations raised by charities. The process of creating special state bodies was very slow, and their activities were not always effective. Against this background, the work of the Canadian Patriotic Fund looked more fruitful.

Multi-biomarker is an early-stage predictor for progression of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely in the communities in many countries. Although most of the mild patients could be cured by their body's ability to self-heal, many patients quickly progressed to severe disease and had to undergo treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Thus, it is very important to effectively predict which patients with mild disease are more likely to progress to severe disease. A total of 72 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center and 1141 patients included in the published papers were enrolled in this study. We determined that the combination of interleukin-6 (IL-6), Neutrophil (NEUT), and Natural Killer (NK) cells had the highest prediction accuracy (with 75% sensitivity and 95% specificity) for progression of COVID-19 infection. A binomial regression equation that accounted for a multiple risk score for the combination of IL-6, NEUT, and NK was also established. The multiple risk score is a good indicator for early stratification of mild patients into risk categories, which is very important for adjusting the treatment plan and preventing death.

Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SS-31 Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Reduces Pyroptosis and Improves Locomotor Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury

Background: Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and demyelination contribute to mechanisms of s pinal cord injury (SCI). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to be associated with SCI , which can trigger the pathways toward cellular pyroptosis. Accumulating evidence has suggested that oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial dysfunction play a vital role in the pathophysiology of SCI. In the present study, we explore the effects and mechanisms of SS-31, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant , on SCI in vivo and vitro. Methods: Functional recovery was assessed using Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) and BMS subscore. Oxidative stress was evaluated using detection of malonaldehyde (MDA) and 3-nitrotyrosine(3-NT). Neuronal loss was evaluated by immunochemistry staining of NeuN. Pyroptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot. Findings: Administration of SS-31 to mice significantly improved locomotor functional recovery up to 28 days after SCI and suppressed neuronal loss and demyelination in mice. Moreover, SS-31 attenuated oxidative stress, inhibited nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and pyroptosis occurrence, and decreased proinflammatory cytokines levels in mice. Furthermore, SS-31 in oxygen-glucose deprivation neurons promoted the survival , alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased oxidative stress, and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis . Interpretations: Together, our findings reveal that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS-31 can improves locomotor functional recovery in mice after SCI and that SS-31-mediated neuroprotection presumably depends on the attenuation of pyroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Funding Statement: This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant.81702163), Zhejiang Provincial Public Welfare Research Project (grant.LGF20H060014), Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Technology Project (grant.2020KY699), Science and Technology Development Project of Hangzhou (grant.20170533838), Zhejiang Provincial Public Welfare Research Project (grant.LGF21H060004). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest. Ethics Approval Statement: All animal studies (including the mice euthanasia procedure) were done in compliance with the regulations and guidelines of Hangzhou First People's Hospital's institutional animal care and conducted according to the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care international (AAALAC) and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines.

Epidemiological characteristics and determination of spatio-temporal clusters during the 2013 dengue outbreak in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Dengue is the worldwide most important mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. A large dengue outbreak occurred in Chiang Mai, Thailand in 2013. The aims of this study were to describe the epidemiology of this outbreak and determine the spatio-temporal pattern in the sub-district with the highest number of dengue cases. Data on patients, including date of illness, were obtained from the Chiang Mai Provincial Public Health Center and analyzed descriptively using R statistical software. The geographic location of patients' residences was determined from available geographical information databases supplemented with coordinated data collection in the field. A space-time permutation model from SaTScan™ was used to determine disease clusters corresponding to space and time. Results showed that Muang District, the centre of the province, had a higher number of cases than the other 25 districts. The Suthep subdistrict, part of Muang District, had most of the patients: 625 subjects distributed between 213 residences. The space-time analysis identified a primary cluster and 7 secondary clusters in different time periods. The primary cluster had 128 patients in a period of approximately 3 months. The number of patients in the secondary clusters ranged between 7 and 65. Most of the clusters occurred in densely populated areas during June and July (the rainy season). The finding from this study may support health agencies to plan surveillance campaigns for people at specified local areas with a high incidence of the disease.

Maternity services during COVID-19 Pandemic and lockdown at Provincial Public Hospital in Nepal

Aims: To assess the hospital delivery pattern during COVID 19 pandemics and lockdown.
 Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Provincial Public Hospital Janakpurdham, Nepal from April to July 2020. Data were collected from hospital record and descriptive analysis performed using MS Excel.
 Results: Total of 1536 women delivered in three month and caesarean section rate was 16.7% (257/1536). Previous caesarean section was the major contributor (46%) to the overall caesarean section rate.
 Conclusions: Maternity services were provided during COVID 19 pandemics and Lockdown. Cesarean section rate was near the recommended level.
 Keywords: Cesarean section, lockdown, pandemic, vaginal deliveries

When does transparency improve public services? Street‐level discretion, information, and targeting

AbstractTransparency has been widely promoted as a tool for improving public service delivery; however, empirical evidence is inconclusive. We suggest that the influence of transparency on service provision is contingent on the nature of the service. Specifically, we argue that transparency is more likely to improve the quality of service provision when street‐level discretion is high. Discretion increases information asymmetries, and, in the absence of transparency, allows officials to target public services in suboptimal ways. Using finely grained data from the Vietnam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index between 2011 and 2018, we show that communes that experience increases in transparency also experience improved quality of education and health (services characterized by greater discretion), while the quality of infrastructure provision (characterized by less discretion) bears no relation to increased transparency. The findings help us understand when transparency can improve service provision, as well the effects of transparency reforms in non‐democratic settings.

All‐of‐government response to the COVID‐19 pandemic: The case of Vietnam

All‐of‐government response to the COVID‐19 pandemic: The case of Vietnam

The characteristics of COVID-19 transmission from case to high-risk contact, a statistical analysis from contact tracing data.

BackgroundAs of 24th of August 2020, the number of global COVID-19 confirmed cases is nearly 24 million. In the same period, the number of recorded infections in Thailand has remained at approximately 3300. This paper explores the specifics of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in Phuket, Thailand's second most visited tourist destinationMethodsHigh-risk contacts recorded by Phuket Provincial Public Health Office were analysed using the Probit model to investigate the risk factors for transmission from confirmed COVID-19 cases to their high-risk contacts. The analysis was further focused on the impact of quarantine measures in state provided facilities on contacts’ probability of infection.Findings15.6% of 1108 high-risk contacts were found to be infected, and they accounted for 80% of 214 confirmed cases in Phuket till 29th April 2020. Moreover, 10.68% of all high-risk contacts were confirmed to be infected before the quarantine, and 4.55% after the policy was enforced. In addition, a contact who lived within the same household with a confirmed case was 25% more exposed to infection when compared to a contact who did not share a household.InterpretationResults confirmed that the quarantine policy, which mandated individual isolation in the state provided facilities for all high-risk contacts, diminished contact's chance of infection from the confirmed cases, especially in the epicenter districts. Our findings confirmed that sharing accommodation with an infected case, and exposure to a case with several documented secondary transmission, generally increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection probability. Finally, some confirmed cases do exhibit a higher risk of spreading SARS-CoV-2 to their contacts compared to a typical confirmed case. Further studies of high reproduction groups of infected patients are recommended.FundingNo funding was received for this research.

Association between Health Insurance and Incidence of Death in Stateless Children in Tak Province, Thailand

This study assesses the association between health insurance and incidence of death in stateless children compared with uninsured children in Tak Province in Thailand. The study used electronic medical records of children aged between 0 and 15 who registered with selected health facilities between 01 January 2013 and 31 December 2017. The required data was obtained from ‘43-files database’ through the Provincial Public Health Office. The death case was used as a binary outcome variable while the exposure was three types of insurance: uninsured, stateless and the Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS). The age, sex and domicile of the children were used as covariates in the multivariate logistic regression. Of 164,435 registered children, 824 death cases were found during the study period. The study results suggest that insurance is associated with the reduced risk of deaths in stateless children. The odds of death is 86 per cent lower in the stateless insurees than in the uninsured children (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.242, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.136,0.403]; p < 0.001). The death is 69 per cent lower in the UCS beneficiaries than in the uninsured children (AOR = 0.385,95 per cent CI = [0.308,0.489]; p < 0.001). Age, sex and domicile of the children were independently associated with a varying risk of death.

신뢰 회복을 위한 시·도립 교향악단의 노사 갈등 관리 방안: 정치적 관리의 관점을 중심으로

신뢰 회복을 위한 시·도립 교향악단의 노사 갈등 관리 방안: 정치적 관리의 관점을 중심으로

Anti-Splinter Brotherhood of Saint Demetrius, Metropolitan of Rostov in the Fight Against the Old Believers in the Tomsk Diocese

he question of the missionary activity of the antisplinter Brotherhood of St. Demetrius, Metropolitan of Rostov in the fight against the Old Believers in the territory of the Tomsk Diocese is considered. The author has studied a complex of rich and diverse archival sources, as well as activity reports of both the Brotherhood itself and its individual members, presented in official provincial and diocesan publications. Based on this, it was possible to recreate the overall «picture» of the Brotherhood and show its regional specificity. In particular, the purpose, composition of the Brotherhood, as well as the main directions of its missionary "anti-splinter" activity were determined. In order to combat the «schism» and the so-called «prevention of the avoidance of the schism», the brothers actively held religious disputes and interviews, both with the Old Believers themselves and the parishioners of the official Orthodox Church. Another missionary way to solve the tasks of the anti-splinter Brotherhood was to create and develop a network of «anti-splinter libraries» and parish schools. In general, despite the specific and concrete results of their anti-Old Believer missionary activities, the Brotherhood was not able to achieve its goals, including due to the regional specifics of the diocese.

STUDI KELAYAKAN INVESTASI PADA PROYEK PENINGKATAN STRUKTUR JALAN MALINAU – LONG ALANGO

Before investors invest their capital, an investment feasibility analysis must be carried out for what research is carried out, namely to find out the capital that must be invested at this time in the hope of getting greater profits in the future. The NPV (Net Present Value) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) methods are methods that are often used by investors to analyze the feasibility of an investment. The formulation of the problem in this paper is How much NPV (Net Present Value) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) on the value of the project for the Improvement of the Malinau - Long Alango Road Structure of the East Kalimantan Provincial Public Works Department in the three years of 2012? How much NPV (Net Present Value) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) if the project investment costs are obtained from bank loans?Based on the results of the analysis and discussion that if using NPV own capital is Rp. 873,203,421, 89 and IRR, which is 10.867%> 10%. While the capital using a loan from the NPV Bank was Rp. - 743,345,869, 83 <0, and IRR obtained by 9.25% <10%. means the investment appraisal of the project for the Improvement of the Malinau-Long Alango Road Structure for the Public Works Department of the East Kalimantan Province in the three regions of 2012 is feasible to do if it uses its own capital, and vice versa if all capital obtained from loans from banks is not feasible and must be reconsidered.

Second trimester abortion service at a provincial public hospital

Aims: To determine the demographic and clinical profile of clients receiving second trimester abortion service at a provincial hospital.
 Methods: This is a retrospective study of second trimester abortion service provided at Provincial Public Hospital Janakpurdham at southern part of Nepal from 2014 to 2017. Data were collected from hospital record and analysis performed using MS Excel.
 Result: There were 144 cases who received second trimester abortion service in four years. Annual clients’ number linearly increased from 16 to 54. Nearby people were the maximum clients. Majority (85%) were multiparous and of early second trimester (12-15 weeks, 71%). Common indication recorded was mental health (83%) but lacks verification. Intervention method was combined (56%) and contraception of choice was DMPA (44%).
 Conclusion: Demand of second trimester service is increasing every year. Indication of abortion needs to be scientifically verifiable. Injectable hormonal contraception is preferred by clients.
 Keywords: abortion, client profile, second trimester