Provincial Education Department Research Articles

Reconstruction of aether scalar tensor theory for variouscosmological scenarios* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11975072, 11875102, 11835009), National SKA Program of China (2022SKA0110200, 2022SKA0110203), Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (21JK0556), and Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2023-JC-QN-0077)

In this paper, we present several explicit reconstructions for the aether scalar tensor (AeST) theory derived from the background of the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker cosmological evolution. It is shown that the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian with a positive cosmological constant is the only Lagrangian capable of accurately replicating the exact expansion history of the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) universe filled solely with dust-like matter. However, the ΛCDM-era can be produced within the framework of the AeST theory for some other fluids, including a perfect fluid with , multifluids, and nonisentropic perfect fluids. Moreover, we demonstrate that the ΛCDM-era can be replicated with no real matter field for the AeST theory. The cosmic evolution resulting from both the power-law and de-Sitter solutions can also be obtained.

An evaluation of the level of financial reporting compliance of public schools in Kwazulu-Natal

The financial management and reporting practices of public schools in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) are a matter of concern. Section 42 of the South African Schools Act (SASA) requires that the Member of the Executive Council (MECs) for Education in KZN develops financial reporting guidelines for the schools. As a result, each province in South Africa has its l financial reporting guidelines that provide a framework for schools to report their financial information accurately and transparently. However, there are concerns about the lack of financial accountability and transparency emanating from improper financial reporting on the parts of the schools. Poor reporting practices of KZN schools may lead to negative consequences such as financial mismanagement, misappropriation of funds, and inability to account for expenditures. As a result, this study examined how public ordinary schools complied with the financial reporting re­quirements set forth by the KZN Provincial Department of Education (PDE). The study used a content analysis method to collect data from 58 schools’ yearly financial statements over a two-year period. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quan­titative data gathered from the financial statements to assess the degree of conformity with KZN PDE financial reporting rules. The findings revealed various instances of public schools failing to follow the rules. The schools’ reporting practices were parti­cularly poor since they did not adhere to the reporting standards. The research contri­butes to understanding financial reporting compliance levels among schools in KZN. The study also provides recommendations to improve compliance and promote school financial accountability.

Ideological and political education in English courses of depression and anxiety students

BackgroundThe symptoms of depression and anxiety show a growing trend among college students, bringing serious negative effects on individuals and society. To explore the positive role of ideological and political education in relieving the symptoms of depression and anxiety in students.Subjects and MethodsSelect students from the same university as the research subjects and randomly assigned as observation group and control group. The experimental group added ideological and political education to the English course, while the control group only taught the regular English course. The study period was one semester, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) measurements were conducted once a week, and students’ psychological test results were analyzed using SPSS23.0.ResultsAfter the intervention, the anxiety and depression symptoms scores were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). At the same time, the mental health level of the students in the experimental group has improved significantly (P<0.05), showing a more positive attitude and better emotional control ability.ConclusionsThe integration of ideological and political education in college English courses has a positive effect on alleviating the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Combining ideological and political education with subject teaching is helpful to improve students’ mental health levels and help them better cope with psychological pressure. Therefore, college education departments should actively promote and implement this teaching mode to promote all-round development and mental health.AcknowledgementShanxi Provincial Education Department (No. J20220142).

Virtual reality ideological and political games on students’ anxiety disorders

BackgroundAnxiety Disorder (AD) is a disorder characterised by excessive fear anxiety and related disturbing behaviour. Virtual reality (VR) technology has been applied in many fields because of its multi-sensory, visualisation and immersive interactivity. Therefore, the study proposes to combine VR technology with Civic Education and help students to better improve their anxiety disorders by designing Civic Games under VR experience.Subjects and MethodsStudents suffering from anxiety disorders were taken as research objects and randomly divided into an experimental group (VR teaching experience group) and a control group (conventional Civics teaching group). Both groups of patients were guided by classroom education to control students’ psychological conditions and emotions. In the experimental group, VR teaching is assisted by VR games or VR scene experience. The experimental intervention time was six weeks, and the experimental data were statistically analysed with the help of the Self-Assessment Scale of Anxiety (SAS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). The difference was statistically significant at P<0.05.ResultsAfter the experimental intervention, it was found that there was a significant statistical difference in SAS scores between the two groups of students (P<0.05), and the relief of anxiety disorder symptoms in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group.ConclusionsThe use of VR technology has broad development prospects. It can effectively help students alleviate their anxiety state, and its combination with ideological and political education also enables students to have a clearer understanding of their emotional changes.AcknowledgementScientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (No.22JK0587).

Case-based music teaching practice for lower grades: taking SCH patients as an example

BackgroundMusic education plays an important role in primary and secondary school teaching, not only cultivating students’ artistic appreciation ability, but also having potential therapeutic value. For special groups, such as patients with schizophrenia, music education may provide a way for them to express and communicate, thereby promoting mental health. This study is based on actual cases and discusses the intervention effect of music on mental illness patients in primary and secondary schools.Subjects and MethodsThis study selected 60 primary and secondary school age group schizophrenia patients and designed a specific music education course for 12 weeks. This course includes music appreciation, vocal music, and instrument training. The effectiveness is measured through the Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI), music composition assessment, and feedback from parents and teachers. Statistical analysis was performed on experimental data using SPSS 24.0.ResultsAfter the course, participants showed significant progress in emotional expression, social interaction, and self-awareness. Music education not only enhances their music skills, but also promotes communication and self understanding with others. Parents and teachers have also reported that students perform more stably and positively in their daily lives.ConclusionsCase-based music teaching in primary and secondary schools has significant benefits for patients with schizophrenia. Through music education, these students can better communicate with the outside world, express themselves, and have a deeper understanding of themselves. It is recommended to further explore the diverse applications of music teaching in the field of special education.AcknowledgementScientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (No.22JK0168).

Adverse effects of anxiety disorder and attention deficit on metacognitive monitoring of autonomous learning in college students

BackgroundMetacognitive monitoring is an advanced management skill that is a necessary condition for successfully planning, monitoring, and evaluating learning activities. It plays the most central role in improving learning outcomes. There is a certain connection between attention deficit and anxiety disorder. This phenomenon may be related to functional abnormalities in brain areas and abnormal levels of neurotransmitters. Mental illnesses such as anxiety disorder and attention deficit can have an impact on the autonomous learning ability of college students.Subjects and MethodsThe study investigated 50 college students and diagnosed their condition based on the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis Scale (ADHD). They were divided into anxiety group, attention deficit group, anxiety and attention deficit group, and control group according to the results. Subsequently, the autonomous learning ability of the four groups was evaluated using the College Student Learning Autonomy Scale.ResultsThe control group had the best score on the Learning Autonomy Scale for college students, while the anxiety group had no significant difference from the control group (P>0.05); There was a significant difference between the attention deficit group and the control group (P˂0.05); The score of the anxiety and attention deficit group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionsThe impact of anxiety disorder on the metacognitive monitoring of autonomous learning among college students is not significant, while attention deficit has a more significant impact on metacognitive monitoring of autonomous learning among college students.AcknowledgementYunnan Provincial Education Department 2018 Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project (No. JG2018291); The construction project of First-class course of Culture and Tourism College (No. YLKC202010).

The Effectiveness of Legislative Oversight in Democratic South Africa: Exploring Political Will

Abstract Drawing on empirical data from document analysis, this paper will carry out a critical analysis of the effectiveness of the oversight and accountability system of the legislative sector of South Africa in detecting early warning signs prior to financial and governance collapse, by examining three provincial government departments. The results reveal that several key early warning signs preceded governance and financial collapse at the three provincial education departments but that the provincial departments ignored signals of repetitive financial irregularities flagged up by the Auditor General of South Africa. The article argues that there is a lack of political will to effectively respond to early warning signs of looming crises in provincial government departments in South Africa for the purpose of preventing or mitigating their negative impact.

The mechanism of liver X receptor regulates the balance of glycoFAsynthesis and cholesterol synthesis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

The mechanism of liver X receptor regulates the balance of glycoFAsynthesis and cholesterol synthesis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Acceptability and Uptake of HIV Self-screening among Educators at High Schools in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa

Background: The estimated overall HIV prevalence rate in South Africa was approximately 12.6% in 2017. Knowledge of one’s HIV status is an entry point to care and treatment services. The utilisation of HIV testing and counselling services in South Africa remains low, with issues such as limited privacy and long queues cited as barriers to the uptake of these services. This study was conducted to determine the acceptability and uptake of HIV self-testing among educators at high schools in Pretoria, Gauteng Province. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional quantitative research design involving the completion of a self-administered structured questionnaire. Data were collected from 333 educators working in 26 different high schools under provincial departments of education in Tshwane. Data collected were analysed using STATA Software version 13.0. Results: A proportion of (55%; n=182) of the participants were aware of the HIV self-testing method. Most of the participants (70%; n=232) indicated that they would personally use HIV self-testing to know their HIV status, citing confidentiality as the main benefit associated with this method. However, only (12%; n=35) had ever tested for HIV using HIVST. Being married was found to be 0.3 times less likely to influence the willingness to use HIVST (P<0.001), while having ever tested for HIV was found to be 3 times more likely to influence the acceptability of HIVST (P<0.01). Adults (older than 35 years) were found to be 0.37 less likely to use HIVST (P<0.001). Conclusion: Despite the high acceptability of HIVST, its uptake was very low among the participants. There was a significant association between acceptability and age, marital status, and the history of testing for HIV. More studies on HIVST among professionals in the educational sector should be conducted for the evidence-based implementation of this testing modality.

Light meson emissions of selected charmonium-like states within compact tetraquark configurations* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11705056, 12175037, 11947224, 11475192, 11975245, U1832173), the Key Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department under (21A0039), the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council (22006725011), the Sino-German CRC 110 “Symmetries and the Emergence of Structure in QCD” project by NSFC

We adopt the quark pair creation model to investigate the light meson emissions of several charmonium-like states. The quark pair creation model is applied to four-body systems, and we calculate the pion/kaon emissions of , , , , , and within compact tetraquark configurations. We find that the pion/kaon decay widths of and are relatively small, whereas the partial decay widths of the resonances , , , and are significant. We expect that our exploration of these decay behaviors will provide useful information for future experimental searches and theoretical interpretations.

Production of dibaryon in kaon induced reactions* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11705056, 12175037, 11947224, 11475192, 11975245, U1832173), the Key Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department (21A0039), the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council (202006725011), the Sino-German CRC 110 "Symmetries and the Emergence of Structure in QCD" project by NSFC (12070131001), the Key Research Program

In this paper, we propose to investigate the dibaryon production in the process by utilizing a kaon beam with a typical momentum of approximately 10 GeV, which may be available at COMPASS, OKA@U-70, and SPS@CERN. The cross sections for are estimated, and in particular, the magnitude of the cross sections is evaluated to be several hundred nanobarns at GeV. Considering that the dibaryon dominantly decays into and , we also estimate the cross sections for and , where the dibaryon can be observed in the invariant mass distributions of and , respectively.

A study of the effective Hamiltonian method for decay dynamics* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11964010, 11564013 and 11464014), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ4495), the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (22A0377 and 21A0333), and the Jishou University Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate (Jdy20038).

The decay dynamic of an excited quantum emitter (QE) is one of the most important contents in quantum optics. It has been widely applied in the field of quantum computing and quantum state manipulation. When the electromagnetic environment is described by several pseudomodes, the effective Hamiltonian method based on the multi-mode Jaynes–Cummings model provides a clear physical picture and a simple and convenient way to solve the decay dynamics. However, in previous studies, only the resonant modes are taken into account, while the non-resonant contributions are ignored. In this work, we study the applicability and accuracy of the effective Hamiltonian method for the decay dynamics. We consider different coupling strengths between a two-level QE and a gold nanosphere. The results for dynamics by the resolvent operator technique are used as a reference. Numerical results show that the effective Hamiltonian method provides accurate results when the two-level QE is resonant with the plasmon. However, when the detuning is large, the effective Hamiltonian method is not accurate. In addition, the effective Hamiltonian method cannot be applied when there is a bound state between the QE and the plasmon. These results are of great significance to the study of the decay dynamics in micro-nano structures described by quasi-normal modes.

The intervention effect of humanistic ideological and political management on ruminant thinking of college students and on depression and anxiety

BackgroundLearning anxiety has become a common problem among college students. Anxiety is also called psychological abnormality. The main symptoms of college students’ anxiety and depression include fear of negative evaluation in all aspects, excessive employment pressure, economic pressure, and inability to solve problems independently. Anxiety can cause symptoms such as insomnia and autism, and sometimes lead to adverse consequences or personal safety. Therefore, based on the healthy physical and mental development of college students, we can avoid learning anxiety through effective ideological and political management of humanism.Subjects and MethodsThe study combined mental health and ideological and political courses, and selected 40 students from a university as research objects through random sampling. Before the activity, the ruminant thinking was evaluated, and after the evaluation, 40 students were instructed to participate in ruminant thinking under ideological and political management. The self-designed communication anxiety scale was used to evaluate the students. The scale included two dimensions: positive rumination and negative rumination. Positive rumination includes two indicators: positive coping and enjoyment of happiness, while negative rumination includes three indicators: negative attribution, inhibition of happiness and self-denial. The scale uses a four-level scoring method, which is inconsistent (4 points), uncertain (3 points), frequent (2 points), and completely consistent (1 point). The higher the total score, the higher the degree of positive or negative rumination.ResultsThe results of intervention control experiment under different ideological and political management are shown in Table 1.Table 1.Students’ psychology before and after rumination interventionAveragequantityStandard deviationMean value of standard errorIAS pre-test48.54407.6392.299IAS post test38.62403.8161.165Before active rumination23.65404.6981.412After active rumination27.56403.2531.965Before negative rumination27.65408.2362.468After negative rumination23.92407.0512.135It can be seen from the table that after the rumination intervention, the level of students’ communication anxiety has significantly decreased, and the average level of active rumination has significantly increased. Different students can get more positive feelings and have a better way of thinking in the ideological and political curriculum under the integration of ruminant intervention.ConclusionsResearch ruminant intervention to improve the ideological and political curriculum in colleges and universities, so as to alleviate college students’ depression and anxiety thinking. The research results show that the ideological and political courses after intervention have a certain effect on students’ communication anxiety, social anxiety relief, and effectively improve their psychological anxiety.AcknowledgementThe research is supported by: General Project of Quality Project of Anhui Provincial Education Department: Research on Construction of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Courses in Universities under the Perspective of Curriculum Civics (No. 2020jyxm0357); Anhui Jianzhu University 2022 Party building and ideological and political education key topics, the new era of college students’ network ideological and political education implementation path research and practice, project number: 2022djszzd02.

Spatial structure of a Bose–Einstein condensate in a combined trap* *Projects supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2016JJ6020), the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (18A436), and the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan First normal University (XYS13N16).

We study the spatial structure of a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with a space-dependent s-wave scattering length in a combined trap. There exists a space-dependent nonlinear atomic current in the system. The atomic current has an important influence on the spatial structure of the BEC. Research findings reveal that a large chemical potential can effectively suppress the chaotic spatial structure in the BEC system. Due to the large chemical potential, a strong atomic current is necessary to make the system lose its periodic spatial structure and lead the system into a chaotic spatial structure. But when the atomic current intensity exceeds a critical value, the chaotic spatial structure of the BEC will be completely eliminated and the system will always be kept in a series of single-periodic states as the atomic current becomes stronger. For a very weak atomic current, the spatial structure of the BEC is very sensitive to the intensity of the atomic current and a very small change of the intensity can dramatically change the spatial structure of the BEC. The effects of the combined trap parameters on the spatial structure of BECs are also discussed.

High dimensional AdS-like black hole and phase transition in Einstein-bumblebee gravity* *Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the Hunan Provincial Education Department (19A257 and 19A260), the National Natural Science Foundation (NNSFC) of China (11247013), Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2015JJ2085)

In this study, we obtained an exact high dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole solution in Einstein-bumblebee gravity theory. This AdS-like black hole can only exist with a linear functional potential of the bumblebee field. We found that the Smarr formula and the first law of black hole thermodynamics can still be constructed in this Lorentz symmetry breaking black hole spacetime, but the conceptions of the black hole horizon area/entropy and the volume inside the horizon should be renewed due to its anisotropy. We also found that two types of phase transition exist: small-large black hole phase transition and Hawking-Page phase transition, like those of the Schwarzschild AdS black hole. After Lorentz symmetry breaking, the black hole mass at the divergent point of heat capacity becomes small, and the Gibbs free energy of the meta-stable large black hole is also smaller, showing that the large stable black hole can be more easily formed.

The Department of Basic Education’s Expectations of Social Workers at South African Schools

Although the number of school social workers in South Africa has increased substantially in the past decade, the exact expectations that they should meet are still unclear. This deficiency was redressed in a national survey of the senior managers of all nine provincial departments of basic education, the systems in South Africa that employ most of the country’s school social workers. The survey produced a detailed and prioritised list of the responsibilities and functions that these practitioners are expected to perform. This inventory of expectations could be used as a guide in the training of local school social workers, in research into this field, in the further development of this specialisation and, ultimately, in school social work practice itself. The survey also revealed that marked differences existed in the way in which the provinces appoint, manage, use and name such practitioners. It indicated that the current school social work system is somewhat inequitable because some provinces have far too few school social workers for their learner population and also because there is a dire need for more social workers throughout the country. The national survey, in the final analysis, exposed a need for the overall “standardisation” of social work at South African schools.

In whose best interests? The ECD regulatory framework, understandings of the best interests of the young child and access to quality early education

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996, and early childhood development policy, legislation and regulations prioritise the best interests of the child. The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child General Comment 7 provides guidance on how best interests should be applied for young children to protect their rights and promote their survival, protection, and development, as well as measures to support and assist parents and others responsible for realising children’s rights. The ECD regulatory framework defines quality standards and monitoring is undertaken by local government and provincial education departments. The Children’s Act 38 of 2005 (as amended) provides for ‘developing appropriate parenting skills and capacity of parents and caregivers to safeguard the well-being and interests of children’. These align with General Comment 7. However, a conspicuous gap in the regulatory framework is the limited focus on the programme quality critical for realising the right to education. Further, we contend the contextual factors are not sufficiently considered in the application of ECD regulations. Using a case study approach, we explore how the best interests of the child, regarding access to quality early education, are interpreted by different stakeholders in a diverse, vulnerable community and compare these views with the operationalisation of the best interests principle in our regulatory framework.

Possibilities of synthesizing new proton-rich nuclei with 40 ≤ Z ≤ 60 using multinucleon transfer reactions * *Supported by the ational Natural Science Foundation of China (12175064, U2167203). Hunan Provincial Education Department (Key project 20A290)

Multinucleon transfer reactions near the Coulomb barrier are investigated based on the improved dinuclear system (DNS) model, and the deexcitation process of primary fragments are described using the statistical model GEMINI++. The production cross sections of Ca+ Sn and Ni+ Te based on the DNS model+GEMINI++ are calculated and compared with experimental data. The calculated results reproduce experimental data. The cross sections of fusion-evaporation, fragmentation, and multinucleon transfer reactions in the region are also provided in this paper. The results show that in the region, fusion-evaporation and fragmentation reactions have good results in the relatively proton-rich region, but in the extreme proton-deficient region, the MNT reaction is still promising for synthesizing proton-rich nuclei.

Factors affecting acceptance of palliative care in mainland China: a national cross-sectional study

China ranks 53rd in the list of 81 countries included in the Quality of Death and Dying Index 2021. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in China. Although the country is highly burdened with cancer, with 4·5 million new diagnoses and more than 3 million cancer deaths in 2020 alone, palliative care services in mainland China are extremely scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of people towards palliative and hospice care, and to analyse the associations between attitudes and potential explanatory variables. A survey was done between July 10, 2021, and Sept 15, 2021. We used a multistage sampling strategy to recruit participants from 120 cities across mainland China. The questionnaire aimed to assess the willingness of respondents to receive palliative care. Survey data were analysed by multiple stepwise linear regression to establish the factors associated with willingness to receive palliative care. Sex, education level, possession of a house, perceived anxiety on the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment scale, perceived pressure, social support (evaluated through the Perceived Social Support Scale), family health (evaluated through the Short-Form Family Health Scale), health literacy (evaluated through the Short-Form Health Literacy Questionnaire), personal sense of health (evaluated through the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale), self-reported quality of life and sense of health (evaluated trough the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire), and access to medical insurance were analysed as potential explanatory variables affecting acceptance of palliative care. Standardised regression coefficients (β) were used in multiple stepwise linear regression to reflect the effect of variables on the results. 11 031 respondents completed the survey. The average willingness to accept palliative care was scored at 65·02 points in a visual analogue scale of 0-100 points. Men (β=-0·02) were more likely than women to decline having palliative care. Respondents holding a bachelor's degree or higher (β=0·04), owning more residential properties (two: β=0·02; three or more houses: β=0·01), self-reporting mild perceived anxiety (β=0·03), higher perceived pressure (moderate pressure: β=0·05; severe pressure: β=0·06), or higher scores on the Perceived Social Support Scale (β=0·10), the Short-Form Family Health Scale (β=0·12), the Short-Form Health Literacy Questionnaire (β=0·16), the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (β=0·21), the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire (β=0·05), or with access to medical insurance providing higher reimbursement (employee health insurance and commercial health insurance: β=0·03; government insurance: β=0·04) were more willing to accept palliative care. Sex, house ownership, perceived anxiety, perceived pressure, social support on the Perceived Social Support Scale, and health literacy were the main affecting factors on Chinese residents' acceptance level and attitudes towards palliative care identified by this study, in which we discuss the public acceptance of palliative care on the basis of a nationwide sample from China. Despite some substantial reported outcomes in palliative care, the study is limited by reporting bias and selection bias. The scientific research project of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department, 2021 (grant 21JZ017), and Youth Project of Key Research Bases of Philosophy and Social Sciences in the Sichuan Province (grant YF22-Q13).

Irradiation combined with PD-1 inhibitor aggravates immune-related pneumonitis of the non-irradiated lung in a preclinical model.

e14569 Background: The combination of radiation with PD-1 inhibitors for lung cancer is a trend. However, the combination is limited by immune-related adverse effects, particularly checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP). The incidence and the mechanism of CIP of the non-irradiated lung caused by radiation plus PD-1 inhibitors remain unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the incidence of CIP and lung tissue morphology in the preclinical model induced by radiation combined with a PD-1 inhibitor (αPD-1). Methods: Fifty-four C57BL/6 mice were divided randomly into the normal group, the irradiation combined with the αPD-1 group (RT + αPD-1 group), and the single irradiation group (RT group). Mice in the RT + αPD-1 group were treated with right lung irradiation (8 Gy once) on day1 and anti-mouse PD-1 monoclonal antibody three times a week. Mice in the RT group received right lung irradiation alone. The mice were euthanized on day10, day15, and day20 after the end RT. Lung tissue morphology and pathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Lung fibrosis was evaluated by Masson staining and analysis of hydroxyproline. Results: Histopathological examination revealed that the inflammation in the irradiated lung is more severe than the unirradiated site. With the extension of time, the lung inflammation of mice in the RT group and RT + αPD-1 group was significantly aggravated, and the whole lung fibrosis appeared on day20. Inflammatory infiltrate scores, alveoli deformation scores, collagen volume fractions, and hydroxyproline contents in lung tissues were all significantly higher in mice administered αPD-1 plus irradiation than in the other groups. In particular, the inflammation is significantly worse in the unirradiated site of the mice administered PD-1 inhibitor plus irradiation than in the RT group on day15 and day20. Conclusions: Radiotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitors could aggravate CIP on both sides. Further studies on the mechanism are under investigation. Our findings highlight the potential risk of CIP in non-irradiated lung in patients treated with radiotherapy and PD-1 inhibitors. Research Sponsor: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 81972853, No. 81572279] and Clinical Research Startup Program of Southern Medical University by High-level University Construction Funding of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education (LC2019ZD009).