Provincial Budget Research Articles

Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction (DRR) into development: effectiveness of DRR investment in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

As a low-income country, Pakistan is particularly vulnerable to various natural and human-induced disasters, which have significant consequences for both the environment and human life. A substantial share of the provincial budget is allocated to disaster response and recovery efforts. Prioritizing investment in disaster risk reduction (DRR) is essential to protect lives and assets. Although there is a complex relationship between investments made before and after disasters and their effectiveness in DRR, this dynamic remains insufficiently understood in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. The current study was designed to analyze the developmental budgeting for DRR in the financial years 2000–2022 in KP province. The Sen’s Slope Estimator and modified Mann-Kendall tests were used to determine the significance trend, while the correlation coefficient test was used to find the correlation between investment in DRR and disaster-induced damages such as deaths, injuries and houses damaged. The study findings reveal that the occurrence of disasters influences post-disaster spending in the KP province, with a significant negative correlation between expenditure and disaster-related damages, implying that increased DRR investment has significantly reduced the consequences of disasters. To minimize vulnerability to future disasters, the province should integrate risk-sensitive planning across all sectoral departments at local, district, and provincial levels, guided by a risk-informed development approach. This proactive strategy would embed disaster resilience within developmental activities, ensuring that each sector aligns with principles of risk reduction and sustainable growth.

Pertanggungjawaban Penggunaan Dana Hibah Oleh Badan Hukum Keagamaan

In accordance with Chapter "and Article 1666 of the Civil Code. This grant is directly from the current state budget, namely the state budget (APBN), provincial budget (APBD), and District/City Budget (APBD). The gift giving process is canceled if the given things are not known at the moment or will only be accessible at a later date. Funds for regional activity programs can be financed with grant money sourced from the state budget / APBD. Naturally, there are different ways in which this grant money can be presented, including tangible or immaterial forms offered free of charge by one of the participants. A statement of responsibility proving that the use of funds provided by NPHD has been documented in the format of a grant report (text of a Regional grant agreement). Since the local government is the giver and recipient of the grant, it is officially and materially responsible for both processes. The purpose of the Accountability Report on the use of grants is to demonstrate that the grant funds were used and managed appropriately to achieve the desired results, in accordance with the original purpose of the grant.

Dampak Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Transfer Ke Daerah Terhadap Kemandirian Fiskal Provinsi Maluku

The Maluku Province, like many other regions in Indonesia, still heavily relies on transfers from the central government to finance its expenditures. This dependency can limit fiscal autonomy and the region's flexibility in managing its budget according to local needs.This study aims to examine the impact of Regional Original Revenue (PAD), Transferred to the regions (TKD) on the Fiscal Independence of Maluku Province. Research Methods Applied quantitative research. With a literature review and description of the financial statements of the Maluku Provincial Budget Realization during the year period (2018-2022), and analyzed with several formulas on Fiscal Independence and Regional Independence Index.The results of the study show that: (1) The degree of fiscal decentralization of the Maluku Provincial Government during 2018-2022, is still "lacking" and "adequate". (2) The Maluku Provincial Government's Fiscal Independence Index during 2018-2022 is at the level of "not yet independent" and "towards independence".

Influence of Canadian provincial stewardship model attributes on the cost effectiveness of e-waste management

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of e-waste collection and management trends across six Canadian provinces, focusing on e-waste collection rates, provincial stewardship model attributes, program strategies and budget allocations from 2013 to 2020. Temporal and regression analyses were conducted using data from Electronic Product Recycling Association reports. A group characterization based on geographical proximity is proposed, aiming to explore the potential outcomes of fostering collaboration among neighboring provinces. The analysis emphasizes the significant impact of stewardship model attributes on e-waste collection rates, with Quebec emerging as a standout case, showcasing a remarkable 61.5% surge in collection rates. Findings from group analysis reveal a positive correlation between per capita e-waste collection rate and the growth of businesses and collection sites in Western Canada (Group A - British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). This highlights the potential benefits of a coordinated waste management approach, emphasizing the importance of shared resources and collaborative policies. Saskatchewan and Manitoba allocated only 6.6% and 7.0% of their respective budgets to e-waste transfer and storage. British Columbia's observed steady decrease of e-waste collection rate. In Group A, stewards handled 2.18–13.95 tonnes of e-waste during the study period. The cost per tonne of e-waste tended to be lower when more e-waste is managed per steward, suggesting the potential benefits of an integrated e-waste collection and management system.

Finances of the Nation: Survey of Provincial and Territorial Budgets, 2023-24

This article surveys the 2023-24 provincial and territorial budgets.

Penerapan Pengelolaan Dana Hibah Pengadaan Sarana dan Prasarana di Biro Kesejahteraan Rakyat Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jawa Timur

Grant funds have become an important instrument in supporting the development of various sectors, including education and community welfare. The aim of this research is to study the role and influence of grant funds in improving these sectors. In addition, this research explains the process of applying for grant funds from the grant application stage to the grant accountability reporting stage. Domestic Regulation Number 23 of 2011 concerning guidelines for providing grants and social assistance from the APBN states that the aim of managing grants and social assistance is to ensure orderly administration, high accountability and management transparency. The allocation of social welfare spending in provincial and city government budgets in Indonesia is an implementation of social development which aims to reduce poverty not only in terms of income and consumption, but also in terms of social and environmental aspects. It can be seen that the flow of grant aid has a coherent procedure starting from the application to the disbursement process. There is a system that regulates the flow of grant aid so that the application process is easier.

Allocation of CO2 emission target in China under the “1 + N” policy: Considering natural carbon sinks and wind-solar-hydropower endowments

The CO2 emission control targets (CET) allocation faces the unavoidable issues of “energy equity” and “carbon sink equity”, which are complicated by changing regional characteristics. By combining regional characteristics assessment, energy consumption status in the “1 + N” policy, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) modeling, two schemes for China's net CET allocation in 2020–2030 are implied to reveal the impacts of regional carbon sinks and renewable energy endowments differences on the allocation. The results indicate that: firstly, significant regional differences are inevitably intrinsic within China's renewable energy endowments and carbon sinks to substantially affect the equity of carbon emission allocation in 2020–2030; secondly Provinces with high fossil energy reliance, such as Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia, are generally facing continuous pressure to reduce CO2 emissions during the 14th FYP and 15th FYP; thirdly, as a regional ecological advantage, carbon sinks are an essential source of additional carbon budgets for provinces, as in Sichuan and Yunnan. As a dominating impact factor of carbon sinks on CET allocation, terrestrial carbon sinks are much higher than ocean carbon sinks with clear provincial attribution; fourthly, in our allocation scheme, the exploitation of renewable energy endowments directly affects the provincial carbon budget and can promote low carbon energy supply; finally, the foundation to build the CET allocation mechanism, China's carbon market needs to be improved. This study helps policymakers understand and balance the equity issues in CET allocation due to regional differences in renewable energy endowments and carbon sinks.

Optimizing Village-Owned Enterprises Management to Enhance Community Welfare in Modong Village, Sidoarjo Regency

This study aims to determine the principles of managing village-owned enterprises to improve people's welfare in the Modong, Sidoarjo Regency village. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The authors used data collection techniques through interviews and observations to obtain the informant data needed in this study. Research shows that the management of BUMDes in Modong Village, Sidoarjo Regency, can be seen from three aspects: 1) Good cooperation between BUMDes managers and the village government can be seen in the form of village budgets allocated to business programs, although the amount is still limited. 2) Good accountability can be seen in administrative reports routinely carried out every year and in business forms such as savings and loans and the provision of iron tents or aisles. 3) Business continuity, in general, has been going well because most Modong Village residents are farmers. Therefore, BUMDes managers hope to get capital assistance in the agricultural sector, such as fertilizers, poisons and seeds, to make it easier for the community to access agrarian materials. The role of BUMDes in Modong Village in developing potential and empowering the community, in general, has been going well. However, there are still some things that need to be improved. The supporting factor is the government's commitment to overcoming poverty and empowering villages through BUMDes, which is reflected in the allocation of funds from village funds, district budgets, provincial budgets, and related ministries. However, the still limited village budget for developing larger businesses is the inhibiting factor.

BELANJA MODAL KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG: AMATAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DAERAH DAN DANA PERIMBANGAN

Lampung is a province in Indonesia with the highest percentage of regional budget realization for the 2022 fiscal year. However, the Lampung Provincial Budget's allocation for capital expenditure remains inadequate when compared to the realization of operational expenditure. When regional expenditure is viewed in terms of benefits, allocating the budget to the capital sector is very beneficial and productive for growth and service provision to the community. This study aims to analyze the effect of Regional Original Revenue, General Allocation Fund, Special Allocation Fund and Profit Sharing Fund on District/City Capital Expenditure in Lampung Province for 2019-2022. This study determined a sample of 15 administrative regions in Lampung Province covering 13 districts and 2 cities using a quantitative approach. The data used is secondary data in the form of time series data for the 2019-2022 fiscal year period sourced from the website of the Central Statistics Agency of Lampung Province and the Directorate General of Financial Balance of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia in the form of a Report on the Realization of the District/City Budget of Lampung Province. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis is used to test hypotheses in data analysis techniques that prove Local Original Revenue and Special Allocation Fund have an effect on Capital Expenditure. Meanwhile, the General Allocation Fund and Profit Sharing Fund have no effect on capital expenditure.

Impact of information and communication technologies on budget transparency of the provincial government in Vietnam

The concept of fiscal transparency holds significant importance; however, its attainment poses considerable challenges. Current discourse suggests that the concept of transparency lacks sophistication. To tackle this hurdle regarding public expenditure, analytical approaches that pertain to the general concept of transparency can be utilized. The present paper aims to ascertain the determinants of the openness of the provincial budget and its subcategories by human development, technology access, as well as industrialization progress, in addition to other relevant indicators. This study aims to ascertain the fundamental principles that underpin the achievement of efficient transparency in public expenditure. In terms of outcomes, the overall model has limited relations to the hypotheses. For the elemental dependent variables, the impact of various forms of transparency on the attainment of public policy goals varies, but generally have similar results. The study has attempted to conclude the components for an optimal transparent budget system, thus providing a suggestion for effective schemes later on.

Cost Assessment for the Province of North Kalimantan via the Economic Recovery Program

The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has caused minor fluctuations in the provincial budget, which has prompted the provincial government to reevaluate its priorities and make tough financial decisions, such as allocating funds to essential programs like education, healthcare, and infrastructure versus less pressing matters. This study uses the least square method to forecast and examine North Kalimantan's budget for its economic recovery program from 2023 to 2030. North Kalimantan's budget estimates show a little rise in order to fund its Economic Recovery Program. The most significant budget increase is anticipated to take place in 2023, when all programs are expected to be completed in preparation for the national election in 2024.

Forecasting North Kalimantan Provincial Budget for Infrastructures Analysis through Economic Recovering Program

The provincial budget for infrastructure tends to decrease because of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which leads to the infrastructure provincial government's concerns in forecasting the budget, especially in distributing its budget to infrastructure priority programs such as bridge, road and public need building. This research aims to forecast the budget of North Kalimantan Infrastructures through its economic recovery program from 2023 to 2030 using the least square and index number method. The study found that North Kalimantan Infrastructures' budget forecasting slightly fluctuates to cover its economic recovery program. It is also predicted that the highest increase in budget will be experienced in 2023 because early this year, North Kalimantan launched its national strategic program, KIHI or Indonesia Industrial Green Environment.

Federal and Provincial Governments Need To Be Transparent about Trade-Offs When They Buy Healthcare.

Spending on healthcare is carefully scrutinized by the public, the media and academics because the amounts are so large and represent a very significant proportion of provincial budgets. Some quarters are calling for increases in spending, whereas others are focused on restraint owing to perceived inefficiencies and ineffectiveness. The debate over healthcare spending has continued for decades and is likely to heat up as new provincial labour agreements have locked in annual healthcare spending increases of at least five percent for 2023 (BC Nurses' Union 2023; ONA 2023).

Can local People's Congress supervision improve the expenditure behavior of local governments? Evidence from provincial budget review

The Local People's Congress budget review and supervision is an important measure to “effectively safeguard and improve people's livelihood” under the changes of the current major contradictions. Using the multi period DID method, we found that after the revision of the regulations, the local people's livelihood public service expenditure bias and expenditure efficiency were significantly improved. This conclusion is still valid after considering a series of robustness tests and possible explanations. The specific ways for it mainly include the constraint on the opportunistic behavior of local governments and the signal transmission function of the LPC's supervision. Further research shows that more effective media attention, more open and transparent rule of law environment, greater financial pressure and regional differences can all affect the effect of LPC's supervision of spending behavior. The research conclusion shows that the role of LPC supervision should be further played to ensure the development of local people's livelihood and promote the construction of government revenue and expenditure management system.

The Impact of Resource Exploration and Capital Expenditures on the Realization of Local Government Budgets in Indonesia

This study aims to determine how factors, namely the period of government, gender, government size, and capital expenditure, can affect the realization of the 2018–2021 government budget. This study used a saturated sample consisting of the entire population, namely all provinces in Indonesia for the 2018–2021 period, with a total of 34 provinces, so a sample of 136 was obtained. In this study, the data analysis methods used were descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression analysis, namely the standard effect model, fixed effect model, and random effect model, and hypothesis testing, namely the coefficient of determination test (R2), simultaneous test (F), and partial test (t). The data used are statements of financial position and budget realization reports obtained from the official BPK website, namely https://www.bpk.go.id/ihps. The data were analyzed using STATA v.16 software. Based on the test results, the research results obtained were that the variables of government period and gender did not affect the realization of provincial and local government budgets in Indonesia. Meanwhile, government size and capital expenditure variables affect the realization of provincial government budgets in Indonesia.

An Update on Anti-TNF Biosimilar Switching-Real-World Clinical Effectiveness and Safety.

Biological medications for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) account for a significant burden on provincial budgets. In an effort to curb these rising costs, nationwide switching to biosimilars is expected to be complete in Canada before the end of 2023. Biosimilar products do not require the same rigor for licensing as the originator and therefore there has been appropriate scepticism as to how biosimilars will perform in real-world practice. We have performed a systematic review including real-world observational studies of adult patients with IBD. The primary outcome was clinical effectiveness and/or safety in patients who had switched from originator to biosimilar anti-TNF. Secondary outcomes included loss of response (LOR), treatment persistence or cessation and immunogenicity. We included 43 studies (7,462 patients [70 percent Crohn's disease: 30 percent ulcerative colitis]; 32 infliximab studies, and 11 adalimumab studies). For infliximab, 75 percent patients were in clinical remission at the time of switch and 75 percent maintained clinical remission beyond 12 months, compared to 78 percent of patients who continued originator. For adalimumab, 86 percent patients were in remission at the time of switch with 82 percent maintaining remission at 6 months follow-up. Injection site pain was higher in patients who switched to a citrate containing adalimumab biosimilar, compared with those who continued originator. All other outcomes (LOR, treatment cessation or persistence and serious adverse events) were similar to patients who continued originator (in comparator cohorts or the available literature). Whilst ongoing vigilance is required, these data are reassuring to both patients and clinicians and will significantly help to reduce health-care costs across Canada.

An analysis of the financial viability of municipalities in Freestate Province: the case of Mangaung Metro Municipality

Local authorities’ independence level largely depends on the adequacy of the revenue part of local self-government budgets. One of the sources of income of local authorities is the payment of the population and business entities for services. Along with this, there is the issue of insufficient accumulation of revenues to the provincial budget due to non-payment of remuneration for services rendered. Municipalities are responsible for providing, regulating and managing essential services such as water supply, domestic wastewater treatment, electricity distribution, sewage systems and health services. This article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments of the scientific discussion regarding municipalities’ problem in filling the revenue part of the local budget. The study’s primary purpose is to analyse municipalities’ financial capacity in the province of the Free State (Republic of South Africa). The systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problem shows that most municipalities in the Republic of South Africa face financial issues. Municipalities have liquidity problems or cannot fulfil their obligations on time. Despite these problems, municipalities must provide services at an acceptable level. The relevance of this scientific problem-solving is that it focuses on analyzing the financial difficulties faced by the Mangaung Metro Municipality. The primary data source for this study was the questionnaire results. The sample consisted of 24 employees and financial statements of municipalities and auditors’ conclusions. The municipality’s financing structure consists on average of 65% from internal revenues, 29.5% from state transfers and 10% from external borrowings. The financial capacity of the municipality is impaired due to an increase in the number of debtors, problems with cash flows, rising costs, unstable revenues to the revenue part of the budget, and an increase in short- and long-term debt. According to the survey results, 63% of respondents reported that the water supply sector is the largest source of debt among consumers, and the debt collection system could be more effective. The results may be helpful in municipalities with similar governance architectures. Thus, the municipality is recommended to develop and implement a strategy for increasing revenues, a cash flow plan, review the tariff policy, and implement an effective system of debt collection and cost reduction measures.

Projected Savings to Canadian Provincial Budgets from Reduced Long-Term Care Home Utilization Due to a Disease-Modifying Alzheimer’s Treatment

BackgroundA disease-modifying Alzheimer’s treatment could provide budgetary savings to Canadian provinces from a reduction in long-term care home use, yet we do not know the magnitude of those potential savings.ObjectiveWe project savings to each Canadian province’s budget from 2023 to 2043.DesignAnnual savings are projected using a Markov model. We account for reduction in long-term care home use and in use of Alternative Level of Care (ALC) beds, which are hospital beds occupied by care home-eligible patients on the wait list for admission.ResultsA treatment that delays disease progression by 40% is projected to avoid 142,507 long-term care home and ALC years, resulting in $17.2 billion cumulative savings across all Canadian provinces, a 21% relative reduction among treatment eligible patients. Average per capita savings were $1,132, ranging from $734 (Alberta) to $2,895 (Prince Edward Island). Cumulative savings could increase to $22.7 billion with enhanced triage of patients in primary care stages and to $25.6 billion if all capacity constraints for diagnosis and treatment were removed.ConclusionA disease-modifying treatment could create budgetary savings from lower long-term care home use, offsetting part of the treatment cost. With the increasing demand for long-term care home beds and the high rates of patients being held in hospitals while wait-listed, such a treatment could additionally provide relief to the overburdened long-term care system in Canada.

Factors Influencing the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Government's Infrastructure Planning and Budgeting Policies During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has been declared a non-natural national disaster. The Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Government has made efforts to deal with Covid-19, namely by carrying out refocusing activities. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that influence the infrastructure planning and budgeting policies of the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Government during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach in the Provincial Government of Southeast Sulawesi. The results of this study found that the factors that influenced the implementation of planning and budgeting policies during the Covid-19 pandemic in Southeast Sulawesi Province are the poor communication within the organization of the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Government, human resources in implementing policies, and the limited budget. From this study it was concluded that good communication had not been established within the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Government organization, there were limitations in terms of implementers in the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Government and resources in planning and budgeting during the Covid-19 pandemic, a limited budget, so they have to make choices about priority programs and activities and have not yet created a special planning and budgeting team during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Finances of the Nation: Survey of Provincial and Territorial Budgets, 2022-23

This article surveys the 2022-23 provincial and territorial budgets.