Areas Of Province Research Articles

Kedudukan dan Fungsi Camat Sebagai Penghubung Pemerintahan Kabupaten dengan Pemerintahan Desa Menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2018” Tentang Kecamatan

This study analyzes the position and function of the sub-district as a liaison between the district and the village government according to government regulation No. 17 of 2018 concerning sub-districts in Hawu sub-district, Sabu Raijua district. The method used in this study is the empirical judiciary method using primary data and secondary data. The administration of the government of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial areas and the provincial area is divided into districts and cities, where each province, district and city has a regional government, which is regulated by law. The implementation of local government in the sub-district has undergone a change in status, which was initially an administrative area, now it is the work area of the sub-district as a district apparatus in terms of public services. A series of other changes also occurred, such as in the main duties and authorities in the sub-district. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) What is the position and function of the sub-district head in the sub-district government according to Government Regulation Number 17 of 2018?, and (2) What are the factors that affect the sub-district head in carrying out its duties, and its functions according to Government Regulation Number 17 of 2018?. From the results of the research, the researcher can conclude that the position of the sub-district and sub-district in coordinating the relationship between the district government and the village government according to government regulation Number 17 of 2018. The position of the sub-district is no longer a unit of government power, but as a unit of work or service area and the inhibiting factor that can affect the function and duties of the sub-district head lies in the human factor, this human factor is divided into several elements including the sub-district, village head and community leaders among the three elements there is only one element that provides an inhibited influence on the duties and functions of the sub-district, These elements are the elements of the village head, the existence of village heads whose technological capabilities are lacking or what is commonly called technological stuttering (Gaptek) resulting in inhibition of communication through online considering that technology is now increasingly sophisticated, so the use of technology is indeed highly recommended to facilitate online communication between the sub-district head and the village head.

Socio-Demographic Profile of Provincial Journalists in Late 1920s to Early 1930s (Orenburg Region)

This article presents an attempt to construct a socio-demographic profile of journalists from the late 1920s to early 1930s within a provincial region. The source base consists of personal files from the nomenclature of the years 1935-1939 pertaining to the Orenburg region. Data derived from autobiographies and questionnaires served as the foundation for creating a database that enabled the analysis of their primary sociographic characteristics. The results of the comparative analysis allow for several conclusions that are applicable to other provincial areas of the RSFSR during the specified period. The author emphasizes that the work of journalists was primarily viewed as propagandistic, which is why staffing issues were resolved by assigning nomenclature personnel to editorial offices, as these individuals were ideologically vetted. The most suitable candidates were propagandists, often serving as secretaries of district committees. For similar reasons, editors were redirected to other tasks related to propaganda when necessary. It has been demonstrated that the level of education and training of personnel who joined regional newspapers in the second half of the 1930s was sufficiently adequate for fulfilling their official duties, namely, ensuring the timely publication of issues of regional newspapers containing centrally disseminated information.

Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) Species on Weeds in Kahramanmaras Province Part II

This study was conducted to determine the Curculionoidea species on weeds found in non-agricultural areas in Kahramanmaras province between 2021 and 2022, weekly from late March-early April until the end of September after the weeds begin to germinate, and at fifteen-day intervals when the weeds start to dry towards the end of September. As a result of this study, one genus belonging to the subfamily Apioninae of the family Apionidae of the superfamily Curculionoidea, eleven genera belonging to the family Curculionidae, Lixinae Schoenherr, 1823, Hyperinae Marseul, 1863, Curculioninae Latreille, 1802, Baridinae Schoenher, 1836, Ceutorhynchinae Bedel, 1881, Entiminae Schoenherr, 1823 subfamilies and fifteen species belonging to these genera were identified. A total of eight species, including Hypera striata (Boheman, 1834), Rhinusa (Gymnaetron) bipustulata (Rossi, 1792), Smicronyx jungermanniae (G. C. Reich, 1797), Aulacobaris picicornis (Marsham, 1802), Baris analis (Olvier, 1790) Gyllenhal, 1837, Glocianus distinctus (C. Brisout, 1870) and Rhopalapion longirostre (Olivier, 1807), are new records for Kahramanmaras province. In addition, fifteen weed species were identified as new host plants for the identified Curculionoidea species.

Taxonomy of freshwater gobies of the genus Rhinogobius (Oxudercidae, Gobiiformes) from central Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species

Taxonomy of the genus Rhinogobius was investigated for the first time in Central Vietnam. Five species occurring in this region can be distinguished by shape of their head, number of pectoral-fin rays, vertebral counts, arrangements of scales and cutaneous sensory papillae, and coloration. Two species are described as new, Rhinogobius rong sp. nov. and R. nami sp. nov., and the remaining three were identified as R. taenigena, R. leavelli, and R. similis. Though the morphology of R. leavelli and R. similis differed slightly between localities, counts and measurements overlapped, and coloration was variable. This study tentatively identifies all of those populations as R. leavelli or R. similis, but further research using additional specimens from a wider geographic range is required to clear the identity of the Rhinogobius occurring in this region. Rhinogobius rong, R. similis, and R. leavelli are distributed in both Da Nang City and Thua Thien Hue Province, with the first two species occurring widely in coastal areas, and R. leavelli restricted to inland areas. On the other hand, Rhinogobius nami and R. taenigena occur only in inland areas of Da Nang City and Thua Thien Hue Province, respectively.

Effect of Water Tank Size and Supply on Greenhouse-Grown Kidney Beans Irrigated by Rainwater in Cold and Arid Regions of North China

In response to water scarcity in the Bashang area of northwest Hebei Province, a cold and arid region in north China, and to address the diminishing groundwater levels caused by pumping irrigation, this study investigated the impact of rainwater tank size and water supply on kidney beans production in greenhouses under various precipitation scenarios to determine the production potential and development strategies for regional precipitation resources. Under the background of average annual precipitation, kidney bean yield increased with increasing reservoir volume and shorter irrigation cycles. Under a 4-day irrigation cycle, the water demand satisfaction rate of kidney beans reached 100% water demand when the rainwater tank size was 15.7 m3. Against the wide variation in multi-year regional precipitation from 1992 to 2023, the annual effect of rainwater harvest was simulated using precipitation data collected 20 years with an 80% precipitation guarantee rate. The average minimum yield reduction rate obtained was 9.4%, and the corresponding minimum rainwater tank size was 29.5 m3. By superimposing the rainwater harvested in the shed and nonshed areas, the volume of the reservoir without yield reduction could be reduced to 20.0 m3. The sum of discharged and inventory water was much greater than the water scarcity in each water supply situation. Simulating and analyzing the effect of the relationship between rainwater tank size and water supply on rainwater harvesting in regional farmland by year provides important data affecting the construction of regional rainwater storage facilities and water supply efficiency. To achieve a high, stable yield of kidney beans grown in a greenhouse with shed film and shed area rainwater harvesting in north China, 2.6 m3 supplementary groundwater irrigation is still needed during the annual growing season.

Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Marine Fisheries’ Carbon Sink Capacity in China’s Three Marine Economic Circles

With the increasing pressure of resource decline and environmental pollution faced by the green transformation of marine fisheries, marine fishery carbon sinks are an increasingly close link to national strategic interests and economic lifelines. It is, therefore, necessary to explore paths for the enhancement and development of the carbon sink capacity of marine fisheries. Based on the economic data of marine fisheries from 2002 to 2021, this paper measures the capacity and characteristics of marine fishery carbon sinks in provincial areas, applies the kernel density estimation method to depict the dynamic evolution of the distribution of absolute differences in marine fishery carbon sinks, and at the same time, identifies the factors influencing the spatial imbalance in the development of marine fishery carbon sinks as well as the spatial spillover effects. The results show the following: (1) From the total amount, the fishery carbon sink capacity of China’s three marine economic circles has fluctuated and increased over the past 20 years, with obvious differences among different circles, and the marine fishery carbon sink capacity of the eastern, northern, and southern marine economic circles has risen sequentially. This trend corresponds to the economic disparities among the three circles, demonstrating a transition from economic to industrial driving effects. (2) From the spatial point of view, the fishery carbon sink capacity shows a trend of increasing year by year, concentrating in the circles, and overflowing between the circles. (3) The results of a partial derivative test further show that among the main influencing factors of marine fishery carbon sinks, capital, labor, and market openness have direct positive effects on marine fishery carbon sinks, and the direct effect of innovation is the strongest, and the significance of the indirect effect of the three circles is weaker compared to the direct effect and total effect. As a result, the carbon sink of China’s marine fisheries has a large room for improvement, and in order to promote the high-quality development of China’s marine fisheries, it is still necessary to accelerate the circulation of resources within the marine economic circle, accelerate the research of fishery technology, actively develop the carbon sink fishery, and enhance the specialization of aquatic product processing.

Typology of smallholder maize farmers in South-Kivu, Eastern D.R. Congo: implications in improving farming practices and markets

Understanding the typology of smallholder maize farmers is crucial to elucidate the diversity in local farming systems, and therefore, devise effective interventions and policies that maximize the impact of agricultural innovations in South-Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed at characterizing maize farmers in South-Kivu province and clustering them based on various socioeconomic and agronomic factors to identify specific production constraints and devise more effective interventions. A household survey among 300 South-Kivu maize farmers allowed to identify four distinct clusters based on farm size, land use, income, and agricultural technology adoption. The clusters ranged from resource-poor smallholder (Types 1 and 2) to medium-resource semi-innovative producers (Type 3) and highly equipped innovative farmers (Type 4). Key discriminative factors included total farm size, maize farm size, farming experience, access to agricultural credit, income, and innovation adoption rate. This study revealed specific constraints for each cluster, including low soil fertility, poor weed management, low market access, and labor scarcity. This study’s findings demonstrate the value of farm typology in guiding targeted interventions to address specific constraints and improve maize productivity, and suggest specific strategic directions for research and development projects in rural areas of the South-Kivu province.

Zonasi Kawasan Wisata Pantai di Kota Padang Sumatera Barat Menggunakan Pemodelan Viewshed

Padang City is one of the cities in West Sumatra which has a coastline with a coastline of 68 km. The coast of Padang City is a special interest tourist area in West Sumatra Province. This research aims to determine the approximate zoning of coastal tourist areas using geotagging photo data and determine the range of visibility using viewshed modeling. Zoning is carried out using the Kernel Density method. Kernel Density divides zones through the density of geotagging photo coordinate point data. In this research, the geotagging photo data used is photos that capture coastal views in the city of Padang. The viewshed is carried out towards the mainland because it has topographic diversity. This type of research is qualitative research. The data used is secondary data obtained through the Ina-Geoportal agency. The results of the research showed that there are 6 core zones of coastal tourist areas that are usually visited by tourists in Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The tourist beach area has a viewshed area ranging from 0.174 km2 to 4,569 km2.

Factors related to the disaster preparedness of patients on haemodialysis from Sichuan, China, during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to investigate personal preparedness among patients on haemodialysis (HD) and to examine the relationship among sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward disaster preparedness and personal preparedness behaviours during natural disaster incidents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A convenience sampling method was used. A total of 446 participants from six areas of Sichuan province completed the online questionnaire study from February 27 to March 13, 2022. Sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward disaster preparedness and personal preparedness behaviours were measured. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward disaster preparedness. The relationship among sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward disaster preparedness and personal preparedness behaviours were assessed using ordinal regression. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. A total of 446 participants completed the survey. Of these, 42.15% (N = 188) were poorly prepared, 26.23% (N = 117) were moderately prepared and 31.61% (N = 141) were highly prepared. Ordinal regression showed that knowing about disaster preparedness (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.691, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.081-2.644, p = 0.021), participating in disaster evacuation exercises (OR = 2.519, 95% CI = 1.595-3.977, p < 0.001) and learning about disaster preparedness (OR = 2.421, 95% CI = 1.542-3.802, p < 0.001) were associated with high preparedness. Compared to patients with a university degree or higher, patients with a junior high school education or lower (OR = 3.491, 95% CI = 1.760-6.925, p < 0.001) and senior high school degree (OR = 2.052, 95% CI = 1.038-4.057, p = 0.039) were associated with high preparedness. Patients who felt very confident and could deal with all their needs (OR = 3.878, 95% CI = 2.904-7.181, p < 0.001) or patients who felt confident and could meet some of their needs (OR = 1.949, 95% CI = 1.124-3.379, p = 0.017) had higher preparedness than those who felt less confident and were not well prepared to take care of their needs. After obtaining each participant's consent, they filled out the online questionnaire using their own or a relative's cell phone while undergoing HD. It is essential that patients should be educated not only on medical specialty topics, but also on general disaster preparedness. Medical institutions should improve and reinforce preparation training among targeted populations. The low level of preparedness is partly due to the lack of participation of patients in disaster preparedness programs. Dialysis center managers should be urged to implement such programs at their centers.

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Caregivers' Pressuring Feeding Style in Infants of 6-11 Months Old in Rural Areas of Sichuan Province

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of pressuring feeding style among caregivers in remote rural areas of Sichuan province. Methods Multistage sampling was conducted to select infants of 6-11 months old who had received complementary food and their caregivers in remote rural areas of Sichuan province.A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics of infants and their caregivers,pressuring feeding behaviors,feeding environment,and caregivers' negative emotions.Quantile regression was employed to analyze the factors influencing pressuring feeding among caregivers of infants. Results A total of 1358 pairs of infants and their caregivers were included,with the pressuring feeding behavior score of 11 (8,14).Parity was the protective factor for caregivers' pressuring feeding (β25=-1.17,P<0.001;β50=-1.40,P=0.002;β75=-2.18,P<0.001).Whether infants played with toys while eating (β25=1.00,P<0.001;β50=1.20,P=0.003;β75=1.42,P<0.001) and whether infants watched TV/mobile phones (β25=0.50,P=0.048;β50=1.07,P=0.004) were the risk factors.At the 75th percentile,caregivers' negative emotions were the risk factor for pressuring feeding (β75=0.94,P=0.015).Caregivers' education background (β25=0.83,P=0.034;β50=0.87,P=0.021) and family income (β75=1.09,P=0.012) were also significantly associated with pressuring feeding scores at different quartile points. Conclusion Pressuring feeding behaviors of caregivers in remote rural areas of Sichuan province need to be improved.Based on the characteristics of infants and their families,guidance should be carried out to improve the feeding environment and the mental health of caregivers,thereby promoting reasonable feeding behaviors among caregivers of infants in rural areas.

Sustainability Evaluation of Regency Development in Peatland Areas of Riau Province, Indonesia

Sustainability Evaluation of Regency Development in Peatland Areas of Riau Province, Indonesia

Preliminary study to consider the preparation of a business strategy for The Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) in the water tourism area of Gita Nada and Gili Sulat Lawang Lombok, NTB Province

This study aims to obtain fundamental information that will be used as a reference in formulating business strategies for Regional Business Services Agencies (BLUD) in the Gita Nada and Gili Sulat Lawang marine tourism areas in NTB Province. This conservation area has huge tourism potential with an estimated economic value of tourism resources based on Willingness To Pay (WTP) reaches more than 17 billion rupiah per year. However, the use of this tourist destination is still not optimal. This study uses a survey method through interviews with the management, local communities, and related company partners. The survey results show that BLUD business development in this region faces several challenges, among which the most impactful are budget problems and limited human resources. Based on these findings, this study proposes an effective business strategy to optimize the potential of the tourist area. The proposed strategy is expected to increase the income and welfare of tourism industry players in the region, as well as make a positive contribution to the local economy. With the implementation of this strategy, it is hoped that this aquatic tourism area can develop sustainably and provide maximum benefits for all parties involved.

Distribution and seasonal fluctuation of visceral leishmaniasis vectors sandflies in Henan Province in 2023

To investigate the geographical distribution and seasonal fluctuations of visceral leishmaniasis vectors sandflies in Henan Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of visceral leishmaniasis vectors. A total of 23 counties (districts) were sampled from 18 cities of Henan Province from May to September, 2023 as sandfly surveillance sites, and sandflies were captured using human capture and light trapping methods. Following morphological identification, the changes in the sandfly density were calculated at different months and in different breeding habitats. A total of 406 light traps were set at sandfly surveillance sites in Henan Province from May to September, 2023, and a total of 3 137 female sandlies were captured, with an average density of 7.73 sandlies/(light·night). A total of 1 494 Phlebotomus chinensis sandflies were captured, including 1 222 female sandflies, with an average density of 3.01 sandflies/(light·night), and the highest density of P. chinensis was found in Gongyi City [17.00 sandflies/(light·night)]. A total of 5 544 sandflies were captured using the human capture method, including 230 P. chinensis, and the density of P. chinensis appeared a unimodal distribution, with a peak in early July [5.81 sandflies/(light·night)]. Among different breeding habitats, the highest P. chinensis density was detected in pigpens [4.50 sandflies/(light·night)]. P. chinensis was predominantly distributed in hilly areas of northern and central-western Henan Province in 2023, and the sandfly density appeared a unimodal distribution. Intensified monitoring of visceral leishmaniasis vectors is recommended.

Strategi Pengendalian Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Pangan di Kawasan Mamminasata Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

The conversion of food land functions in the Mamminasata Region of South Sulawesi Province, is always increasing due to urban growth, population development, emigration and the economy. This study aims to determine the strategy for controlling the conversion of agricultural land functions in order to implement Law No.41/2009 and Regional Regulation No. 4 tahun 2014 concerning the protection of sustainable agricultural land in the Mamminasata area of ​​South Sulawesi province. The type of research used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. This research was conducted in the Mamminasata Region, South Sulawesi Province from October to December 2016. Primary data collection was obtained using landsat 7 ETM maps and Spot 4 imagery and interpretation. Secondary data was obtained from government stakeholder interviews, surveys and direct interviews with local communities systematically and based on research objectives, causal factors based on survey results, interviews from informants and the public are external factors, internal and policy factors, then thus to overcome these problems a sustainable food land control strategy must be carried out including: Strengthening farmer institutions and related agencies, Protection and empowerment of land-owning farmers, Utilizing and protecting sustainable food agricultural land, providing incentives and disincentives to land owners, sharecroppers , and farmer groups, optimizing sustainable food agriculture land: by means of intensification, extensification and diversification of agricultural land, imposing sanctions and penalties on those who violate regional regulations and RTRW, and following up RI Law No. 4 tahun 2014 and South Sulawesi provincial regional regulations no. 4 of 2014 to determine the zoning of sustainable food agricultural land in the Mamminasata area as one of the food storages in South Sulawesi.

Designing a model for enhancing intention to accept renewable energy technologies in rural communities of Ilam province, Iran

Purpose The purpose of this research is to investigate factors influencing the intention of villagers to use renewable energy. In this regard, by using the modified model of planned behavior, perceived behavioral control factors, perceived usefulness, perceived ease, mental norm and attitude toward energy sources for the intention of villagers to use energy sources. Therefore, the impact of each of these five variables was investigated in the form of research hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach This research has been done using a quantitative paradigm and a descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the study consisted of households (384) living in rural areas of Ilam province. A multistage cluster method was used to select the sample size. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was developed based on the research background and research problem. Face validity of the research tool by professors of Islamic Azad University of Ilam and construct validity and reliability of research tools were confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS26 and SmartPLS3 software. Findings The results showed that the intention to use renewable energies (REs) among the rural peoples of Ilam province is affected by factors such as mental norms, attitude, perceived usefulness and perceived behavioral control and there is a positive and significant relationship between them. Originality/value In Iran, there is a lot of potential for usage of RE in rural communities, but compared to fossil fuels, had a small share in the current energy supply (Rezaei et al., 2022). RE technologies have not been sufficiently accepted and used by Iranian rural people (Rezaei and Ghafranfarid, 2018). Se the public acceptance of RE technologies is vital for successful process energy transfer (Huijts et al., 2012), non-acceptance of RE by society is a major obstacle to establishing RE technologies in Iran (Savari and Razmavar, 2022). It is expected that this research will fill the gap in the research literature.

The reward and penalty for ozone pollution control caused by natural sources and regional transport: A case study in Guangdong province

Ground-level O3 pollution in the Pearl River Delta region (PRD) is closely related to anthropogenic, natural emissions and regional transport. However, the interactions among different sources and natural intervention in modulating anthropogenic management have not been comprehensively assessed. Here, the WRF-CMAQ-MEGAN modeling system was utilized to simulate an O3 episode over PRD. The integrated source apportionment method (ISAM) and brute-force top-down combined with factor separation approach (BF-TD-FSA) were applied to quantify source contributions, impacts of individual or multiple sources on O3, and decouple interactions among various emissions; additionally, based on ISAM, O3 isopleths visualized MDA8 O3 response of different source types to anthropogenic perturbations. ISAM concluded considerable MDA8 O3 contributions of regional transport in PRD/NPRD (non-PRD areas in Guangdong province) (38.8 %/35.7 %), followed by anthropogenic (32.7 %/24.8 %), BVOC (biogenic volatile organic compounds, 23.8 %/20.3 %) and SNO (soil NO, ∼4 %) emissions. Compared to concentrated anthropogenic contributions, widespread natural contributions were observed across their source areas and along the transport pathways. The BF-TD also revealed that regional transport had the largest impact (>90 μg m−3) on MDA8 O3 while anthropogenic and BVOC emissions greatly affected downwind PRD (64.5 and 7.7 μg m−3). Negative synergy between anthropogenic and natural emissions (especially BVOC emission) suggested potential natural-induced intensification of anthropogenic impact during O3 management. The MDA8 O3 isopleths further demonstrated significant BVOC-induced reward and regional transport-induced penalty for anthropogenic NOx (ANOx) emission control benefits, leading to additional maximum MDA8 O3 decrease and increase by −27.5 and 13.8 μg m−3 in polluted high-emission grids. The natural-induced reward effect could impose loose requirements on anthropogenic reduction (decreased by 13.3 %–17.7 %) if there were no regional transport-induced control penalty. It is advisable to prioritize ANOx control and seek collaboration on air quality management with neighboring provinces to maximize the natural-induced control reward and achieve desired targets with minimal human efforts.

Analysis of Driving Factors for Vegetation Ecological Quality Based on Bayesian Network

Vegetation is a crucial component of ecosystems, and understanding the drivers and spatial optimization patterns of its ecological quality is vital for environmental management in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration. Traditional evaluations employing single indices may not fully capture the complexity of vegetation elements and require evaluation through various indicators. Therefore, this study introduced the Multi Criteria Vegetation Ecological Quality Index (VEQI), coupled with vegetation cover and vegetation ecological function indicators, to explore the driving factors of vegetation quality in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and identify key areas where vegetation quality declines or improves. By constructing a Bayesian network for VEQI, we identified the driving variables that influence the index. Additionally, we delineated spatial optimization zones for VEQI. The results indicate that the VEQI exhibits a trend of transitioning from low values in urban centers to high values in suburban and rural areas. Over 20 years, the average VEQI of the study region ranged from 10.85% to 94.94%. Slope, DEM, and vegetation type were identified as significant drivers of VEQI, while precipitation, temperature, and nighttime light were considered secondary factors. Notably, areas in Hunan, Jiangxi, and Hubei provinces, especially the western part of Hunan, were pinpointed as spatial optimization regions. This research not only enhances the understanding of vegetation’s ecological quality in the urban agglomeration of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River but also provides scientific insights for the protection and management of vegetation.

The Diagnostic Challenge of Cystic Echinococcosis in Humans: First Assessment of Underreporting Rates in Mongolia.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is significantly underreported in Mongolia due to geographical remoteness, a lack of early diagnostics, and poor clinical management. This study aimed to provide a more accurate estimate of CE in Mongolia by comparing data from surgical (reported) and diagnosed (unreported) cases and assessing the challenges faced by rural doctors in disease management and surveillance. We collected data on surgical cases hospitalized between 2006 and 2016 and newly diagnosed CE cases in 2016 from eight provinces. Using a quasi-Poisson regression model, we extrapolated the collected data to estimate the number of diagnosed cases for the entire country. Additionally, forty health professionals from all 21 provinces rated local clinical management for CE through a questionnaire. The results reveal that surgical cases (2.2 per year) represent only one-eighth of diagnosed cases (15.9 per year). The laboratory facilities, disease reporting, and cyst classification usage scored below 2. These results highlight the significant underreporting of CE in Mongolia and urge human and animal health experts, along with policymakers, to invest in combating CE, particularly in remote provincial areas. This study also emphasizes the need for standard clinical management involving cyst classification according to the WHO-IWGE and seamless integration of CE reporting and monitoring mechanisms, which can significantly contribute to the national and global burden estimation of CE.

The challenges of selected provincial coaches in implementing circuit training: basis for program development. A pilot study

This research comprehensively explored the challenges of provincial coaches in implementing circuit training. Utilizing a qualitative research design, the study included nine provincial coaches in the Philippines contributing as the main source of data. Using an open-ended guiding questionnaire verified by experts in the field, the research subjects actively participated in focus groups and in-depth interviews. The study revealed five essential themes capturing the significant challenges of provincial coaches in implementing circuit training: Participation in Training, Knowledge about Circuit Training, lack of Equipment and Facilities, Coaches’ Expertise in Circuit Training, and Character of Athletes. As this research contributes critical insights into the different challenges associated with the implementation of circuit training, it provides different strategic programs and practices for development and enhancement of the inclusion of circuit training program in provincial areas.

Modeling habitat suitability of Dorema ammoniacum D Don. in the rangelands of central Iran

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive accuracy of habitat suitability models, identifying the potential distribution range of Dorema ammoniacum, and its habitat requirements in the rangelands of Yazd province, central Iran. Bafgh, Mehriz and Nadoushan, were three habitats that were identified, and sampling was conducted in each habitat using a random-systematic method. A set of 10 plots were established (at equal distances) along 350 m long 18 transects. Soil samples (two depths: 0–30 and 30–60 cm from 36 profiles) were collected and measured in the laboratory. Elevation, slope, and aspect maps were derived, and climate information was collected from nearby meteorological stations. The habitat prediction of the species was modeled using Logistic Regression (LR), Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The Kappa coefficient and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the accuracy of the forecasted maps. The LR model for habitat prediction of the studied species in Mehriz (K = 0.67) and Nadoushan (K = 0.56) habitats were identified as good. The MaxEnt model predicted the habitat distribution for the selected species in Bafgh and Mehriz habitats as excellent (K = 0.89, AUC = 0.76, K = 0.89, AUC = 0.98), and in the Nadoushan habitat as very good (K = 0.78, AUC = 0.85). However, the ANN model predicted Bafgh and Nadoushan habitats as excellent and Mehriz habitat as very good (K = 0.87, K = 0.90, and K = 0.63, respectively). In general, in order to protect species D. ammoniacum, the development of its habitats in other areas of Yazd province and the habitats under study in conservation programs should be given priority.