Provinces In Vietnam Research Articles

The relationship between government spending and poverty alleviation in emerging markets: empirical evidence from Vietnam

This paper uses a fixed effects model and a fixed effects quantile regression to explore the relationship between government spending and poverty reduction in the 63 provinces of Vietnam from 2010 to 2020. Our study argues and finds that government spending plays a significant role in reducing the poverty rate in Vietnam. Furthermore, the paper shows that income per capita is a good proxy for the poverty rate. Given the influential role of government spending in reducing impoverishment, the study also finds that income inequality is a challenge to the Vietnamese government. It contributes to the literature on public finance in Vietnam and emerging markets. Additionally, it has policy implications for policymakers in these economies regarding addressing poverty alleviation and income inequality.

HIỆN TRẠNG CÔNG NGHỆ SẢN XUẤT GIỐNG VÀ NUÔI THƯƠNG PHẨM HÀU BỒ ĐÀO NHA (CRASSOSTREA ANGULATA) TẠI VIỆT NAM

Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) is a commercial cultured mollusc which has high economic value due to high growth rate and survival rate. The rapid development of Portuguese oyster aquaculture industry results in some challenges such as shortages of high-quality spat. Spat were imported or reproduced from well-uncontrolled broodstock; leading to disease risk and genetic diversity loss. In addition, spat spawning cycle of Portuguese oysters also has some limitations. Therefore, to close seed production process is one essential step to design culturing areas for sustainable development of oyster industry in Vietnam. This study collected data from Northern, Central and Southern provinces of Vietnam supplied by Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of coastal provinces and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vietnam. This article also presents limitations, challenges, and solutions to improve and develop the close seed production cycle of Portuguese oysters in Vietnam.

Landslide susceptibility prediction using machine learning and remote sensing: Case study in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam

Landslides lead to widespread devastation and significant loss of life in mountainous regions around the world. Susceptibility assessments can provide critical data to help decision‐makers, for example, local authorities and other organizations, mitigating the landslide risk, although the accuracy of existing studies needs to be improved. This study aims to assess landslide susceptibility in the Thua Thien Hue province of Vietnam using deep neural networks (DNNs) and swarm‐based optimization algorithms, namely Adam, stochastic gradient descent (SGD), Artificial Rabbits Optimization (ARO), Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO), Sand Cat Swarm Optimization (SCSO), Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA), Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The locations of 945 landslides occurring between 2012 and 2022, along with 14 conditioning factors, were used as input data to build the DNN and DNN‐hybrid models. The performance of the proposed models was evaluated using the statistical indices receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC), root mean square error, mean absolute error (MAE), R2 and accuracy. All proposed models had a high accuracy of prediction. The DNN‐MPA model had the highest AUC value (0.95), followed by DNN‐HBA (0.95), DNN‐ARO (0.95), DNN‐Adam (0.95), DNN‐SGD (0.95), DNN‐TSO (0.93), DNN‐PSO (0.9) and finally DNN‐SCSO (0.83). High‐precision models have identified that the majority of the western region of Thua Thien Hue province is very highly susceptible to landslides. Models like the aforementioned ones can support decision‐makers in updating large‐scale sustainable land‐use strategies.

Determinants of Primary School Teachers’ Intention of Steam Education in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam

STEAM education is an educational approach that integrates science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics into a cohesive and interdisciplinary curriculum. The aim of the study is to explore the determinants of primary school teachers’ intention of STEAM education in Thai Nguyen province of Vietnam. The results revealed that the influence of attitude towards STEAM Education includes four factors (interests, willingness, confidence and motivation) and profile of respondents in terms of gender, education levels and teaching experience. The results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that the effect of these factors on STEAM Education was statistically significant. Additionally, among these factors, the factors of Willingness and Confidence were the biggest influence on the STEAM education variable whereas the factor of Interests being the lowest influence. This study's findings contribute to the understanding of the current state of STEAM education implementation in Thai Nguyen province and provide insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by primary school teachers in adopting this approach. The proposed measures for organizing training programs can enhance teachers' capacity to effectively teach science using STEAM education, aligning with the curriculum objectives and the demands of the 2018 Program and Textbooks Innovation in Vietnam.

Wooden traps can replace coral stone traps harvesting the wild lobster seed in mitigating the negative impact on the marine environment

Lobster seacage aquaculture has a significant social-economic contribution to many coastal communities throughout the central provinces of Vietnam. One of the issues of lobster aquaculture is that the industry entirely relies on the wild juvenile lobster (lobster seed) captured using traps made of coral stones, which affects the coastal ecology and environment. The present study was carried out to compare the catch efficiency of traps made of round timber poles (wooden trap) with conventional dead corals (coral stones) during the juvenile lobster fishing season in 2019 in the coastal area of Nha Trang city, Vietnam. Results showed that experimental wooden traps maintained the conventional catch rate level, with a significant proportion of Panulirus ornatus caught at larger carapace length than those caught by the coral stone traps. Our findings show the biological and environmental benefits of using alternative fishing methods would eliminate collecting coral stones to make lobster seed traps and contribute to coastal protection while maintaining the fishing operation and seed supplies for the lobster seacage farmers.

Smoking behaviour, tobacco sales and tobacco advertising at 40 ‘Smoke Free Hospitals’ in Vietnam

BackgroundTobacco remains the leading cause of preventable death globally. Vietnam’s 2012 Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harms establishes all healthcare facilities as smoke-free environments. We aimed to evaluate...

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Swine Farmers related to Livestock Biosecurity: A Case Study of African Swine Fever in Vietnam

Purpose: African Swine Fever (ASF), one of the world’s most contagious and deadly livestock infectious diseases, was introduced to Vietnam in 2019 and has since become one of the biggest threats to the country’s porcine industry. To this day, very little is known about the major drivers of ASF outbreaks – in particular, the generally low levels of biosecurity found on smallholder farms in Vietnam. The main objective of this paper is to assess the knowledge disparities, diverging attitudes, and different practices among smallholder pig farming households that influence the adoption, implementation, and continuation of ASF biosecurity measures in Vietnam. Research Method: Structured questionnaire surveys were conducted to 183 smallholder pig farming households in December 2020 in four districts of Dong Nai, the largest pig production province in Vietnam. The determinants of farmers’ knowledge and attitude toward ASF were estimated using an ordinal probit regression; a panel-data probit regression approximated the probability of farmers adopting biosecurity measures. Findings: It was found that, prior to the first outbreaks of ASF in Vietnam in 2019, surveyed pig farmers generally had an inadequate level of knowledge about ASF to be able to successfully prevent and control the disease’s spread. Rather, farmers only managed to significantly improve their understanding of ASF after outbreaks had begun. Model estimates indicate that a better understanding of ASF ultimately helped improve farmers’ attitudes toward ASF biosecurity measures. Additionally, farmers with previous experience in dealing with other livestock infectious disease outbreaks were, in most cases, found to be more willing to implement ASF biosecurity measures. Together, deeper understanding of ASF and more positive attitudes towards ASF prevention and control measures contributed to an overall increase in the likelihood of farmers adopting and implementing appropriate ASF biosecurity practices. Originality/ Value: This paper highlights the need for improved community education campaigns in efforts to prevent and contain ASF outbreaks, as well as the need for increased financial assistance and support for swine farmers to enable them to adopt effective biosecurity practices.

Application of deep learning in assessing the impact of flooding on the endangered freshwater fish Neolissochilus benasi (Cyprinidae) in a northern province of Vietnam

Application of deep learning in assessing the impact of flooding on the endangered freshwater fish Neolissochilus benasi (Cyprinidae) in a northern province of Vietnam

Barriers to dementia examination and dectection among people over 50 in provinces in Vietnam and some related factors

Background: Dementia is one of the main causes of disability and dependency in the elderly; However, the rate of patients with undetected dementia is still quite high. This study aims to describe barriers to dementia examination among people over 50 in some provinces of Vietnam and analyze some affecting factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was constructed on 411 people over 50 years old in 8 provinces in Vietnam We used a pre-designed questionnaire with the Likert scale to explore barriers to dementia examination. Results: The rate of people over 50 in the community knowing barriers to examination and detection of dementia is 27.6%. Among the barriers, the economy is most well-known to people. We also find out that there is an association between education and religion on barriers to dementia examination. Recommendation: Promoting communication to raise people’s awareness of dementia so that they can actively screen for this disease. In addition, the government should have free health programs for at-risk and economically disadvantaged groups for timely dementia detection and treatment. Keywords: People over 50 years old; barriers; dementia

A comprehensive evaluation of private sector investment decisions for sustainable water supply systems using a fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process: A case study of Ha Nam province in Vietnam

This study examined the factors that affect the private sectors' willingness to invest in rural water supply. The study applied a mixed methods approach, including an overview of relevant studies, expert consultation, exploratory factor analysis using SPSS software, and a fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process to identify and evaluate the factors applicable to Ha Nam province in Vietnam. Some factors were distinguished that are significant to private investors’ rural water supply investment decisions, including tax incentive policy, policies to support preferred access to loans and credit, a state risk-sharing mechanism, a mechanism to adjust water price, community support, high community demand for clean water, and input water quality. In addition, the study constructed an investment attractiveness index to evaluate the attractiveness of private sector investment for two typical rural water supply projects in Ha Nam province. This index can be used as a basis for the government to design appropriate incentives to attract investment from private investors and construct an investment attractiveness map.

In-service Training of Maternal Health Workers in Rural Areas in Vietnam: Is it Relevant, Timely and Effective? A Mixed-method Study

Training is widely considered to contribute to the ‘can do’ and ‘will do’ capacities of health workers. Having appropriately skilled health workers is recognised as critical to assuring quality health services. This study examined the relevance of in-service training (IST) provided to maternal health workers (MHW) in rural Vietnam. A mixed method approach was used involving a survey of 240 health workers providing maternal health services and managers and 43 in-depth interviews of health workers and managers from 5 health districts across two provinces in Vietnam. Although two thirds of participants reported accessing IST within the previous 12 months, only 53.3% attended maternal health training. Factors related to the self-reported ability to perform Essential Obstetric Care (EOC) include: Being trained on EOC; Work experience; and Qualifications of MHWs. Participants reported that the IST was irrelevant to their actual needs, while managers reported frustration that IST programs were scheduled haphazardly, dependent on budget availability. In conclusion, in-service training programs should be designed taking into account the needs of the workforce and managers in terms of content, mode of delivery, scheduling and follow-up. Poorly planned and inappropriately delivered training may contribute to a perceived inability to provide EOC.

People attitudes towards the dementia in some provinces in Vietnam in 2020

Background: Attitude plays a vital role in improving understanding and contributing to the prevention of dementia. This study aimed to describe people's attitudes about dementia in some provinces of Vietnam and some related factors in 2020. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study on 967 subjects in 8 provinces representing 8 agroecological regions in Vietnam. The study used the pre-designed questionnaire and Likert scale to assess people's attitudes towards dementia. Results: The mean score of the total positive attitude is 26.55 ± 3.59 (out of 35 points) and the mean score of the negative attitude is 23.83 ± 3.66 (out of 40 points). Factors such as age and income are associated with positive attitudes. Age is related to negative attitudes. Recommendation: There is a need for more communication programs to help people have a more positive attitude towards dementia, thereby contributing to better management of dementia in the community. Keywords: Attitude; dementia

“We Know Only Our Po Then Luang ”: Heritagization, Religious Inculturation, and Resistance in Post-đổi mới Vietnam

Abstract: In 2016, the local government of Như Hoa multi-ethnic district of a northern province of Vietnam rebuilt a ruined temple of the Thái minority, a place associated with their long tradition of offering buffalos to their supreme God –the Po Then Luang. With the aim of meeting the spiritual needs of diverse ethnic communities in the district, the structure and altars of the temple were built with a combination of Việt Buddhist temple architecture and the iconic Thái stilt house. During the inauguration of the temple, a Buddhist ritual was celebrated by hundreds of different ethnic people including the Thái. However, in contrast to the local government's expectation, Thái villagers resisted local authorities’ efforts to integrate Buddhism and the Mother Goddess religion into the rebuilt temple. Thái villagers did not mind the architecture of the rebuilt temple or the devotional practices of the Vietnamese people, but they resisted the inclusion of altars dedicated to Buddhist figures in the temple and the inclusion of Buddhist rituals in their own site of worship. Their resistance revealed the complexities of religious accommodation in contemporary Vietnam. This article examines this episode of contestation in relation to state efforts of heritagization, and situates this local resistance within the larger context of religious dialogue and revitalization in contemporary society.

Applying tools to support human resource management in HIV/AIDS prevention and control in 7 provinces: Initial results on the appropriateness and scalability

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness and scalability of two human resources (HR) tools in HIV/AIDS prevention and control in all seven piloted provinces in Vietnam after one year of application. Methods: A mixed-method approach was employed in seven provinces in Vietnam from December 2021 to March 2022. An online cross-sectional survey was administered to 234 health staff who have directly applied the HR tools and qualitative interviews included 24 in-depth interviews with key informants involved in the process of applying the tools. Results: This evaluation demonstrated the appropriateness of the HRM-supporting tools in addressing existing HRM challenges and their compatibility with local requirements within the HIV/AIDS prevention and control setting. Moreover, feedback from stakeholders, including health managers, policymakers, and decision-makers at the national, provincial, and district levels, indicated a strong commitment to accept and incorporate these tools into routine HRM practices, ensuring the scalability of these interventions beyond the HIV/AIDS sector. Conclusion: The use of HRM-supporting tools should be a priority in future HIV/AIDS programming efforts and be scaled up in the whole healthcare system and other areas in Vietnam, conducted collaboratively with local stakeholders and adapted to evolving local contexts and needs. Keywords: Human resource management, HIV/AIDS prevention and control, WISN, tools, scalability, appropriateness.

Co-occurrence of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in fine particulate matter (PM0.5 and PM0.1) collected from an industrial area in Vietnam

Distribution patterns of 10 phthalic acid diesters (PAEs) and four cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) were investigated in fine particulate matter (PM0.1 and PM0.5) collected from Bac Ninh, an industrial province in Vietnam during September–October in 2021. Total concentrations of PAEs found in PM0.1 and PM0.5 were in the ranges of 1.76–372 (median: 34.0 ng/m3) and 2.23–895 ng/m3 (median: 15.4 ng/m3), respectively. Among PAEs, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was the most abundant compound found in PM0.1, whereas, di-2-(ethyl)hexyl phthalate (DEHP) was measured at the highest concentration in PM0.5. Total concentrations of cVMSs measured in PM0.1 and PM0.5 were in the ranges of method quantification limit (MQL)–203 (median: 2.10 ng/m3) and MQL–537 ng/m3 (median: 0.389 ng/m3), respectively. Among cVMSs, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) was found at the highest concentration in both PM0.1 and PM0.5 fractions of particulate matter. The concentration ratios between PAEs and cVMSs in PM0.1/PM0.5 were greater than 1 (except di-n-octyl phthalate: DnOP), suggesting that these chemicals tend to sorb to PM0.1 more preferentially than PM0.5. Among sampling locations, high concentrations of PAEs and cVMSs were found at traffic intersections (Que Vo district) and a craft village (Tu Son city). Relatively stronger correlations existed between cVMSs pairs in PM0.1 and PM0.5 (correlation coefficient: 0.73–1) than those of PAEs (−0.83–0.90). The human exposure doses to PAEs and cVMSs through inhalation of particulate matter were estimated based on the measured concentrations in PM0.1 and PM0.5 fractions. The estimated exposure doses of PAEs and cVMSs for infants (7.1 ng/kg-bw/d and 2.5 ng/kg-bw/d) were higher than those for adults (2.6 ng/kg-bw/d and 0.9 ng/kg-bw/d).

Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory hospitalizations in Ha Nam, during 2018-2020

Objectives: Air pollution has adverse effects on the respiratory system. Ha Nam is one of the most polluted provinces in Vietnam. This study aims at assessing the short-term association between air pollution and respiratory diseases among Ha Nam inhabitants during 2018-2020. Method: This ecological study used data from Ha Nam Provincial General Hospital and Obstetric-Paediatric Hospital for health information, and data from Center for Interdisciplinary Integrated Technology Field Monitoring (FIMO) for PM2.5 and temperature data. Time-series analysis was applied to estimate the risk of admissions due to respiratory diseases and daily ambient PM2.5 concentrations. Results: The majority of respiratory-related admissions were upper respiratory infections (47.3%) and pneumonia (40.8%). Number of male admissions were higher than that of female for most respiratory diseases, except chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The strongest association between PM2.5 concentrations and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Ha Nam was observed in lag 2. Conclusion: The study found positive associations between PM2.5 concentration and hospital admissions. Further investigation with a large admissions are need to certained findings. estimate the number of admissions attributed to air pollution in Ha Nam. Keywords: PM2.5, respiratory diseases, hospital admissions.

Machine learning approaches for predicting microplastic pollution in peatland areas

This study explored the potential for predicting the quantities of microplastics (MPs) from easily measurable parameters in peatland sediment samples. We first applied correlation and Bayesian network analysis to examine the associations between physicochemical variables and the number of MPs measured from three districts of the Long An province in Vietnam. Further, we trained and tested three machine learning models, namely Least-Square Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict the composite quantities of MPs using physicochemical parameters and sediment characteristics as predictors. The results indicate that the quantity of MPs and characteristics such as color and shape in the samples were mostly influenced by pH, TOC, and salinity. All three predictive models demonstrated considerable accuracies when applied to the testing dataset. This study lays the groundwork for using basic physicochemical variables to predict MP pollution in peatland sediments and potentially locations and environments.

Molecular surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistance markers in Vietnam using multiplex amplicon sequencing (2000–2016)

Emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) is a major challenge for Greater Mekong Subregion countries in their goal to eliminate malaria by 2030. Tools to efficiently monitor drug resistance beyond resource-demanding therapeutic efficacy studies are necessary. A custom multiplex amplicon sequencing assay based on Illumina technology was designed to target the marker of partial resistance to artemisinin (K13), five candidate modulators of artemisinin resistance, the marker of resistance to chloroquine (crt), and four neutral microsatellite loci. The assay was used to genotype 635 P. falciparum-positive blood samples collected across seven provinces of Vietnam and one of Cambodia between 2000 and 2016. Markers of resistance to artemisinin partner-drugs piperaquine (copy number of plasmepsin-2) and mefloquine (copy number of multidrug-resistance 1) were determined by qPCR. Parasite population structure was further assessed using a 101-SNP barcode. Validated mutations of artemisinin partial resistance in K13 were found in 48.1% of samples, first detection was in 2000, and by 2015 prevalence overcame > 50% in Central Highlands and Binh Phuoc province. K13-C580Y variant became predominant country-wide, quickly replacing an outbreak of K13-I543T in Central Highlands. Mutations in candidate artemisinin resistance modulator genes paralleled the trends of K13 mutants, whereas resistance to piperaquine and mefloquine remained low (≈ 10%) by 2015–2016. Genomic tools applied to malaria surveillance generate comprehensive information on dynamics of drug resistance and population structure and reflect drug efficacy profiles from in vivo studies.

Morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence of ITS region and rbcL gene of Cu cang native taro

Cu cang taro cultivar in Thuan Chau district, Son La province is a precious indigenous genetic resource with high quality and well adapted to the characteristic natural conditions of Thuan Chau district, Son La province of Vietnam. However, Cu cang taro has been mixed with different cultivars in the locality. In this article, the authors presented morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence of ITS(Internal Transcribed Spacer) region and rbcL gene of Cu cang taro in Thuan Chau district, Son La province. The ITS region and rbcL sequences isolated from Cu cang taro had sizes 506 and 630 bp. The results of similarity comparison on NCBI identified the DNA isolated from the ITS region, the rbcL gene of Cu cang taro is Colocasia esculenta species. The rbcL gene of Cu cang taro has 99.27% similarity with Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum.

Travelling, retail activities, trade openness and COVID-19 incidence in Vietnam

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019; and then quickly spread to become a global pandemic. Vietnam, a country located in Southeast Asia, is also affected by the pandemic. The first case of COVID-19 infection was recorded in the country on 23 January 2020; and by the end of this year, the country reported a total of 1465 confirmed cases of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the disease infection incidence is different among provinces in Vietnam. In this research, we explore the effects of travel, retail activities, and trade openness on the disparities in the spread incidence of COVID-19 among Vietnam's 63 provinces in 2020, utilising cross-sectional provincial-level data. Empirical findings in this research indicate that travel activities and trade openness are likely to exert positive and significant impacts on COVID-19 incidence. In contrast, retail activities appear not to significantly affect the variance in COVID-19 incidence among the Vietnamese provinces in 2020.