Provinces In Indonesia Research Articles

Does the Special Allocation Fund Reduce Rural Poverty?

This study aims to analyze the effect of special allocation funds for thematic poverty reduction assignments in the fields of water, sanitation, and the field of settlement and housing on poverty in rural areas. The data collected by secondary data is number of poor people in rural areas is accessed through the BPS website, and special allocation funds for thematic poverty reduction assignments in the fields of water, sanitation, and settlement and housing are collected by accessing the Simtrada website (Information System Transfer to Regions and Village Funds) https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id//simtrada/. The population of 34 provinces and the sample of 25 provinces in Indonesia that experienced a decrease in rural poverty were analyzed in this research. The data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis techniques. The results showed that special allocation funds for thematic poverty reduction assignments in the water sectors, and in the field of sanitation sector, did not significantly affect poverty reduction, (sig p-value 0.461>0.05 and sig p-value 0.751 > 0.05 respectively). The value of special allocation funds for thematic poverty reduction assignments in the field of the housing sector had a significant effect on reducing rural poverty (sig p-value (0.007< 0.05). This study recommends that poverty reduction funds in rural areas, especially in the field of housing, continue to be distributed and managed appropriately, so that poverty in rural areas is alleviated.

Voting Rights of Indigenous Papuan Women in a Patriarchal Culture: A Study of Gender Equality among Indigenous Papuan Women in Yoboi Village, Sentani District, Jayapura Regency, Papua From the Perspective of Jurgen Habermas

Gender equality has become a significant issue and a focal point at both the national and international levels. The government has implemented various measures as a commitment to minimizing gender disparities. Women, being a vital part of human resources, must optimize their abilities, intelligence, and their role as mothers. Therefore, the issue of gender equality must be intertwined in the development process. Consequently, increasing women’s responsibilities has a positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia. The Gender Empowerment Index (IPG) reveals a substantial gap between provinces in Indonesia, especially in the eastern regions. The cultural system in Papua, which adheres to a patriarchal system, results in the confinement and neglect of women’s voting rights. This research adopts a critical or transformative paradigm processed from the intersection of criticism regarding assumptions made by previous researchers. A critical perspective typically utilizes information gaps for analysis, followed by reconstructing a new narrative without gaps. This allows for the development of a new, feasible concept, enabling researchers to design a new approach. This qualitative study aims to describe and explain the suppression of voting rights experienced by indigenous Papuan women in Yoboi Village, Sentani District, Jayapura Regency, Papua. The results indicate that Papuan women face numerous obstacles in exercising their voting rights in education, economy, culture, and religion. However, there are several ways to address these challenges, such as creating a discussion forum to explore the potential of Papuan women and providing opportunities for them to contribute their opinions. Additionally, the roles of tribal chiefs and customary leaders are crucial in providing space for Papuan women to actively participate in the development of their villages. Keywords: patriarchal culture, indigenous Papuan women

ANALISIS PENGARUH PENYERTAAN MODAL DAN LABA BUMD TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

Central Java is a province in Indonesia that has the highest number of Regional-Owned Enterprises (BUMD), ideally can serve as an alternative source of revenue beyond taxes to increase the Original Regional Income (PAD). However, there are several challenges in the management of BUMD, particularly with the phenomenon of the COVID-19 pandemic having a significant impact on BUMD's revenue. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of capital participation and BUMD profit on Original Regional Income (PAD) in the Districts/Cities of Central Java Province, using government investment theory and Regional-Owned Enterprises (BUMD) theory along with related regulations. The sample used is 35 Districts/Cities in Central Java province during the period 2018 to 2022. The research method used is panel data regression using Stata 14 software. This study used two control variables, Population and GDP Per Capita, with dummy variable COVID-19. The research finding that capital participation does not significant effect on original regional income, meanwhile BUMD profit has a significant positive effect on original regional income in the Districts/Cities of Central Java Province from 2018 to 2022.

Waqf Literacy, Islamic Religiosity, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavior Control, and Attitude on Muhammadiyah Citizens' Interest in Becoming Wakif

Muhammadiyah citizens consisting of Muhammadiyah members and those who work and study or attend Muhammadiyah organizations. There are interesting objects to analyze because Muhammadiyah can collect waqf assets, especially cash waqf of Rp 2.4 trillion per year. This is a very large amount. If invested productively, the results or profits can be channelled for the progress and prosperity of the Muhammadiyah organization and Muslims. This research aims to determine the influence of the variables Waqf Literacy, Islamic Religiosity, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavior Control, and Attitude in influencing the interest of Muhammadiyah citizens to become wakif. The analytical method used is quantitative with a Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach. The software used is SmartPLS 3.0. The sample used was 188 respondents from 14 provinces in Indonesia. This research indicates that Muhammadiyah citizens' interest in becoming wakif can be directly influenced by the variables of Islamic Religiosity and their Perceived Behavior Control (PBC). However, the indirect influence on Muhammadiyah's citizens' interest is insignificant. This result can be seen from the research results that the variables Islamic Religiosity, Waqf Literacy, Subjective Norm, PBC, and Attitude do not significantly influence the interest of Muhammadiyah citizens in becoming wakif. One of the causes of this insignificance is the direct influence between the Attitude variable and interest insignificantly. So, the implications of this research were increasing Islamic Religiosity and PBC in Muhammadiyah citizens becoming waqif. Implications for further research include adding or replacing variables that influence people's interest in becoming a waqif, are trust and transparency

Analisis Pengaruh Kemiskinan dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Terhadap Stunting di 34 Provinsi di Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of poverty and the human development index (HDI) on stunting in Indonesia. This study is a quantitative descriptive study using secondary data sourced from the Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey Report and the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. The objects of this study were 34 provinces in Indonesia with observations during 2019 - 2022. The analysis method used was panel data regression analysis with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) using the Eviews 12 analysis tool. The results of the study showed that there was no effect of poverty on stunting and conversely there was an effect of the Human Development Index (HDI) on stunting in 34 provinces in Indonesia..

The Speech Act of Criticism Strategy Analysis on the Hashtag #Wadasmelawan

The study aims to describe the function of the hashtag #WadasMelawan and the criticism speech act strategy in voicing social justice for Wadas residents. Wadas is a village in the Central Java Province of Indonesia that is projected to be developed as an adhesive mining site—a government plan that the local Wadas villagers reject. The data in this study were collected on February 8 and 9, 2022, and processed using NVivo software. A total of 1550 tweets were analyzed using the hashtag function (Simpson, 2018) and the speech acts of criticism strategy (Nguyen, 2005). The results indicated that the #WadasMelawan has functions in expressing victimhood, solidarity, integration (victimhood and solidarity), and hashtag alone (expressing either solidarity or empathy). The speech acts of criticism strategy are negative evaluation, disapproval, disagreement, statement of difficulty, and consequences. In addition, indirect strategies are correction, indicating standards, preaching, demand for change, advice on change, uncertainty, asking, sarcasm, and the use of emojis or pictures. The #WadasMelawan and criticism strategy involved the media voicing justice for Wadas on X (formerly known as Twitter).

RESISTANCE AND RESILIENCE IN CHANGING INDONESIA: The Political Struggle and Movement of Hidayatullah

This article seeks to endeavors and strategies of an Islamic organization, Hidayatullah, to survive in changing political regimes in the New Order to Reformation period of Indonesia. It was established as an Islamic educational and dakwah (Islamic proselytizing) institution in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, in 1973. Despite socio-political changes in the country, it has expanded to several provinces in Indonesia which transformed it to become the largest Islamic educational institution with 402 branches of Islamic schools. The organization focuses its activities on Islamic education and dakwah through various ways including printed media such as Suara Hidayatullah magazine, distributed weekly to its branches, mosques, and schools. Based on a literature review of Suara Hidayatullah magazine and interviews with Hidayatullah prominent figures, this article delves into the struggles and movement of Hidayatullah through its dynamics and transformation in socio-political changes in Indonesia. This article argued that in political dynamics and transformation within Hidayatullah organization show the resistance and resilience to survive in the socio-political crisis of Suharto’s New Order era (1966-1998), which discriminated against Islam as a political ideology and in the aftermath of reformation. One of the strategies to comply with the political repressions is to declare Hidayatullah as an Islamic organization like Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah in 2000. This transformation process proves Hidayatullah’s strategic foresight and adaptability in socio-cultural and political changes.

The Correlation of Maternal Behavior in Toddlers Breastfeeding with Wasting Prevention in Pidie

Besides children, teenagers also suffer from malnutrition due to certain factors. The development of wasting is considered related to mothers’ behavior during breastfeeding times. However, it has big impact towards the quality of breastfeeding. According to data from World Health Organization, 45.4 million children under the age of five were underweight in 2020, while the highest infant wasting rate nationally was 11.9% in several districts and cities from 33 provinces in Indonesia. Globally, 149.2 million children under the age five suffer from stunting, while its distribution of region in Indonesia is in Maluku and Aceh. Aceh is in fourth place of stunting with a percentage of 11.3% nationally. Based on the data related to wasting using the ratio of children’s weight to height, Pidie regency ranks third in Aceh as a whole with ratio of 15.3%. This study used a cross-sectional research with sample of 332 toddlers selected as the research object using Slovin formula. The sample data of this study was determined randomly and was taken from Pidie Regency Health Center which had a population of 1979 toddlers listed. SPSS 23 statistical software with Chisquare was used as a tool for data analysis. The findings of this study came from a bivariate statistical analysis test using the chisquare test at a confidence level of 95%, resulting in a p-value of 0.042 (p<; 0.05). This shows that the variable of maternal knowledge has an influence in keeping toddlers from experiencing wasting. The results of the chisquare test at the 95% confidence level in the bivariate statistical analysis test with p= 0.021 (p<; 0.05) showed that the maternal attitude variable had an influence on the ability of toddlers to avoid wasting. The results of the chisquare test for bivariate statistical analysis are at a confidence level of 95%: p = 0.024 (p<; 0.05). Characteristics of maternal behavior and prevention of wasting have a close correlation. Mothers' attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors towards wasting prevention are influenced by their breastfeeding practices. The best way to prevent wasting is to encourage mothers to breastfeed. The researchers stated that the increasing knowledge and attitudes of mothers in breastfeeding also improved their behavior, especially in terms of preventing wasting while breastfeeding. Supervision of health workers is expected to increase the knowledge and attitude of mothers and improve the prevention of wasting

Analisis Fenomena Culture Shock dan Proses Adaptasi Mahasiswa Rantau Pasca Pandemi Covid-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes to daily life, including in the world of education. Overseas students, especially the class of 2020 at Telkom University, experience unique challenges in adapting to a new environment amid restrictions caused by the pandemic. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of culture shock and the adaptation process carried out by overseas students at Telkom University, Bandung. Using a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods, this study explores the personal experiences of overseas students from various provinces in Indonesia, especially those from Medan. The results showed that students experienced various levels of culture shock influenced by changes in learning methods from face-to-face to online, limited social interaction, and regional cultural differences. The adaptation process involved strategies such as blending into the new environment, using technology in communication, and adjusting to new learning methods. This research provides insight into the importance of academic and social support for overseas students in dealing with culture shock and adaptation in the post-COVID-19 pandemic higher education environment

The application of organic mulch and chicken manure for improving soil water availability and yield of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) in an Inceptisol of Jambi, Indonesia

Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) is one of the agricultural commodities being developed by the Jambi Province of Indonesia. However, despite the high value of turmeric, its productivity in Jambi Province is low. This is because the crop is mostly cultivated in marginal lands dominated by Inceptisol, which has low fertility and low water availability. Organic mulch and chicken manure have the potential to be used to improve soil water availability and crop yield. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of organic mulch cover and chicken manure on soil water availability and turmeric yield. The treatments tested were combinations of various percentages of organic mulch cover (30%, 60%, and 90%, and chicken manure dosage (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1). The twelve treatment combinations were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the combination of the percentage of organic mulch cover and chicken manure dosage affected soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, soil pore size distribution, soil water availability, and turmeric yield. The application of 30% cover of organic mulch and 10 t ha-1 of chicken manure was found to be the best combination to improve soil available water and turmeric yield. The regression analysis results showed that soil bulk density, organic carbon, fast-drainage pores, and slow-drainage pores simultaneously affected the soil water content, with an R2 value of 0.85. The results of this study proved that soil available water is also closely correlated with turmeric yield.

ANALISIS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FAKTOR RISIKO BAYI BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN MALARIA: STUDI KASUS

Papua has the highest rate of malaria cases among all provinces in Indonesia. Malaria is a scourge, especially among vulnerable groups, including pregnant women. Pregnant women with malaria increase the risk of giving birth to Low Birth Weight (LBW). This study aimed to analyze geographic information system risk factors for LBW in pregnant women with malaria. This research method was observational analytics using a matched case-control design. The study encompassed pregnant women residing in the Sentani health center working area, who were both afflicted with and unaffected by malaria, and sought outpatient care at the health center. With a population of 104 pregnant woman, and the sample used was the Total sampling technique. This study found that the distribution of LBW cases tends to increase if there are many malaria incidents in the area. The distribution pattern of malaria cases shows a tendency to gather in areas with high rainfall, areas with low air humidity and areas with high air temperatures, namely Nolokla and Asei Villages. To maintain the health of mothers and babies and avoid possible risks, it is necessary to increase supervision and vigilance in the months where the intensity of rain increases, namely from November to March, where rainfall is also related to humidity and temperature so that it affects the sustainability of mosquito larvae habitat

ANALYSIS OF CONVERGENCE BETWEEN PROVINCES IN INDONESIA

<p>Indonesia is one of the developing countries that is always trying to increase its economic growth. Indonesia has a large number of people with various ethnic backgrounds and diverse customs, so this situation has given rise to disparities between regions. This study aims to determine whether or not sigma convergence, to find out whether absolute and conditional convergence occurs or not, and to determine the speed of convergence. This study uses secondary data, namely Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita, poverty, and inequality for each province in Indonesia from 2017-2021. The method used in this study is panel data with a fixed effect approach. The results of the analysis using the sigma convergence (σ) approach show the occurrence of convergence. The results of the absolute convergence analysis explain the divergence of GRDP per capita in Indonesia with a divergence speed of 13.76% per year. The results of the conditional convergence analysis show that there is a divergence of GRDP per capita in Indonesia with a divergence speed of 13.62% per year.</p>

Advanced cardiac life support in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A case study

Background: Public Health Center (PHC), especially in rural areas, is one of the primary healthcare facilities that have an important role in the chain of survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Despite of limited facilities, prehospital resuscitation can be performed by optimizing the available emergency facilities and infrastructure. Purpose: To provide a comprehensive overview of the resuscitation management of OHCA patients at a PHC in East Java Province in Indonesia. Method: Case study of a 43-year-old woman who was brought to PHC by residents after suddenly losing consciousness while working. The clinical condition when the patient arrived was unresponsive, no pulse, no respiratory effort, cold extremities, and oxygen saturation of 80%, the patient was medically diagnosed as OHCA. Results: Resuscitation organization was carried out by involving 1 doctor, 2 nurses, and 1 midwife. The patient was given basic life support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) by optimizing diagnostic tools, airway, breathing, circulation, and available drugs. The patient successfully Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) after the third cycle and successfully reached the referral hospital to receive further life support. Conclusion: ACLS in the prehospital setting at PHC in Indonesia has a potential to be performed. Inter-professional collaboration, airway, breathing, and circulation optimization in providing BLS and ACLS on OHCA patients can increase the patient's chance of getting further care in the hospital.

Spatio-temporal modeling to identify factors associated with stunting in Indonesia using a Modified Generalized Lasso

This study investigates the factors associated with stunting prevalence in Indonesia, utilizing a generalized lasso framework with modified penalty matrices to accommodate spatio-temporal data structures. Novel approaches are introduced to construct the penalty matrices, with particular focus on defining neighborhood structures. The proposed method is applied to data from 34 Indonesian provinces, covering the years 2019 to 2023. The primary outcome is stunting prevalence, modeled against nine predictor variables: poverty, exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight (LBW), high school completion, access to proper sanitation, unmet health service needs, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), calorie consumption, and protein consumption. A total of nine spatio-temporal models were compared, including a modified generalized lasso with three distinct penalty matrices for each two tuning selection methods and a generalized ridge regression with three penalty matrices. Results indicate that the generalized lasso model with a 3-nearest neighbor adjacency matrix outperformed the alternatives. Temporal variations were observed in the effects of exclusive breastfeeding, LBW, high school completion, and unmet health service needs. Positive associations with stunting prevalence were identified for poverty, exclusive breastfeeding, LBW, and unmet health service needs, while negative associations were found for high school completion rates, access to proper sanitation, GDP, calorie intake, and protein consumption. The strongest associations were observed in parts of Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Jakarta. These findings suggest that government interventions aimed at improving education, healthcare access, and poverty reduction may help alleviate stunting in Indonesia, particularly in regions with the greatest need.

How do local governments implement e-government: A case study from Bali Province, Indonesia

The assessment of the e-government index in Indonesia began in 2018. This year, the Bali Province e-government index was only 1.6 (maximum 5). In 2021, 2022, and 2023, the Bali Province e-government index is 3.68, 3.84, and 4.07, respectively. This index is the highest for the provincial category and higher than the national e-government index. This study aims to determine the triumphant factor in implementing e-government in the Bali Province. The research was conducted using structured and in-depth interviews with stakeholders related to e-government management in the Bali Province. Furthermore, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis was used to formulate the e-government implementation. The study has discovered five factors influencing the success of e-government implementation in Bali Province, including regional leaders' commitment, regulations, planning, governance and management, and human resources. The result also shows that leadership is the most influential factor in the successful implementation of e-government in Bali Province. Determination of the vision, mission, technical policies, planning, and performance evaluation is carried out in an organised and structured manner. Other evidence of support is realised through allocating a particular budget, providing human resources, and adequately delegating authority. While the findings of this paper will only close a small part of the knowledge gap, further research is still needed by sampling other provinces in Indonesia.

The Dynamics Model of Cross-Regional to Enhance Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

Abstract Economic growth growth is crucial to improve community welfare in the long term. Although Indonesia’s economic growth is on an upward trend, Indonesia must remain vigilant in its relationship with the global world due to the rapidly changing and highly uncertain dynamics. Indonesia’s economic growth is also inseparable from the influence of various provinces’ economic growth, which varies due to the economic dynamics between regions. These dynamics can influence the region’s contribution to national economic growth. Therefore, identifying the important role of the determining factors of economic growth and appropriate policies in dealing with economic dynamics between regions is crucial because sustainable economic growth is also essential for improving community welfare. This study examines the determinants of Indonesia’s economic growth from a regional economic perspective, using a Dynamic Panel Data analysis model with three estimation models. The first model focuses on the primary variables of technological progress, population, and investment. The second model adds the human capital variable, while the third model further incorporates the variables of open economy, economic structure changes, and income inequality. The study utilizes data from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, covering 27 provinces from 2015 to 2022. The results indicate that increased technological progress, population, investment, human resources, economic openness, and economic structure changes can increase economic growth, while inequality of income harms economic growth. This research has implications that in creating determinant conditions for conducive economic growth, it needs to be carried out evenly in all provinces in Indonesia.

The effect of Islamic financial literacy on business performance with emphasis on the role of Islamic financial inclusion: case study in Indonesia

Purpose Recently, financial inclusion promoters have observed that financial literacy is a vital tool for financial inclusion growth, especially among the poor who are considered financially illiterate. The purpose of this paper is to look at the role of Islamic financial literacy (IFL) and inclusion in improving the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This study uses questionnaire data collected as many as 197 MSMEs. This study was analyzed using structural equation modeling approach to test the hypothesis. Findings The results show that IFL is an important variable to increase Islamic financial inclusion. The results also show that both have a significant influence in developing the MSME sector business. Research limitations/implications This research is not without limitations. This study only adopted a sample in one Province in Indonesia with focus on creative economy sector and some others sectors located in the province of Riau, therefore ignoring suburban and urban areas in Indonesia. Therefore, future studies using a cross-sectional research design are feasible. In addition, this study only uses quantitative data, so that qualitative research with key informant interviews can be considered for further research. Practical implications The findings of this study enlighten policymakers, managers of financial institutions and advocates of financial literacy and inclusion about the importance of improving the performance of MSMEs. As a policy recommendation, this study suggests that Islamic policy makers and financial institutions should play a proactive role in increasing service outreach and providing the regulatory environment needed for MSMEs given the important role MSMEs play in the Indonesian economy. Originality/value This study combines functional components (behaviors and attitudes) and nonfunctional measures (knowledge and skills) of financial literacy and financial inclusion in explaining the performance of MSMEs. Thus, this research is an initial effort to explain financial literacy and inclusion on the performance of MSMEs.

Autocorrelation Spatial Based on Specific Nutritional Interventions Achievement with Stunting Cases in Toddlers at Kendari City Using Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) Method

Background:Stunting is a priority target both globally and in Indonesia. There are 10 provinces in Indonesia that are the main focus of the stunting reduction program, one of which is Southeast Sulawesi Province. Kendari City, located in Southeast Sulawesi, has experienced an increase in stunting incidence over the past three years. However, progress in reducing stunting in Kendari City has not been evenly distributed across its regions and sub-regions, with significant disparities in stunting rates between different sub-districts. Objective:To determine the spatial autocorrelation based on the achievement of specific nutritional interventions for toddlers and the incidence of stunting in Kendari City using the Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA). Method:This quantitative study used the Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) method. The data on stunting incidence consisted of the number of stunting cases among toddlers in 2023 across 11 sub-districts in Kendari City. The sub-districts analyzed were Abeli, Baruga, Kadia, Kambu, Kendari, West Kendari, Mandonga, Nambo, Poasia, Puuwatu, and Wua-Wua. The study was conducted from November 2023 to May 2024 in Kendari City. A local autocorrelation test with LISA was performed to determine the spatial relationships among the sub-districts based on the research variables, with results displayed in the form of Moran's scatterplot, cluster map, and significance map. Results:The results of Moran's local bivariate test (LISA) indicated that the majority of sub-districts, particularly Kambu, exhibited significant positive autocorrelation with neighboring sub-districts and fell into the cold-spot category. This indicates that the number of specific nutritional intervention programs for toddlers and the cases of stunting in toddlers in 2023 were low in Kambu and its surrounding sub-districts, which also had similarly low values. Conclusion:There is spatial autocorrelation among the sub-districts in Kendari City. Although the cases of stunting in the Kambu sub-district are low, the achievement of intervention programs should remain optimal, as cases still exist in the area. Additionally, since Kambu has a spatial correlation with its neighboring areas, the government should target these areas for appropriate interventions to accelerate stunting reduction, particularly in Kendari City. Keywords:Spatial Autocorrelation; LISA; Specific Nutrition Interventions; Stunting Toddlers

The aid-corruption paradox in development: An examination of provinces in Indonesia

The relationship between aid and corruption remains ambiguous. On the one hand, aid may benefit a country if the aid management system runs efficiently and transparently. On the other hand, aid tends to create new problems, namely corruption, especially in developing countries. This research examines the aid-corruption paradox in Indonesian provinces from a spatial perspective. The data was obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, the National Development Planning Agency of Indonesia, the Corruption Eradication Commission of Indonesia, and the Electronic Procurement Service, referring to 34 Indonesian provinces between 2011 and 2019. The research applies the spatial panel method and uses Haversine distance to construct the weighted matrix. The spatial error model (SEM) is the best for Model 1 (Grants) and Model 2 (Loans) and the best corruption model in Model 3 (Gratification). The spatial autoregressive model (SAR) is the best approach for Model 4 (Public Complaints) and Model 5 (Corruption). The findings show that there is no spatial dependence between provinces in Indonesia in terms of grants or loans. However, corruption in Indonesia is widespread.

Pengaruh PDRB dan Upah Minimum Provinsi Terhadap Kemiskinan dan IPM di Provinsi-Provinsi Indonesia

Public welfare is the ultimate goal of every economic development. HDI as an indicator of welfare in Indonesia continues to increase from year to year, but is very volatile. The province with the highest HDI points is DKI Jakarta province and the lowest is Papua Province. This shows that the increase has not occurred significantly and there are still disparities in several provinces in Indonesia. This research aims (1) To analyze the direct influence of GRDP and minimum wages on poverty in Indonesian provinces in 2018-2022. (2) To analyze the influence of GRDP, minimum wage and poverty directly on HDI in Indonesian provinces in 2018-2022. (3) To analyze the influence of GRDP and minimum wages on HDI indirectly through poverty in Indonesian provinces in 2018-2022. This research uses secondary data obtained from BPS publications during 2018-2022, with a total of 170 observation points. The data analysis technique used is path analysis with the help of EViews 10 software. The results of the study indicate that PDRB has a significant negative direct effect on poverty, Provincial Minimum Wage has a significant positive direct effect on poverty, both PDRB and Provincial Minimum Wage have a significant positive direct effect on the HDI, and poverty has a significant negative direct effect on the HDI. Poverty is not an intervening variable in the relationship between PDRB and the HDI, but it is an intervening variable in the relationship between Provincial Minimum Wage and the HDI. The implications of this research are that successful economic policies must integrate increases in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and Minimum Wage as primary strategies to reduce poverty levels and enhance the Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesian provinces. Significant increases in GRDP contribute to poverty reduction by evenly distributing economic benefits to disadvantaged groups. Meanwhile, strengthened Minimum Wage policies can elevate worker incomes, bolster purchasing power, and improve access to education and healthcare, thereby potentially boosting HDI. Prioritising poverty reduction is crucial for enhancing overall quality of life, thereby creating better conditions for economic growth and social welfare at the provincial level